Warnings
Continued from Page 1
influence over the country, Kennedy
said.
In the 1950s, the monarchy col
lapsed and the present regime took
control. At that time, Iraq posed a
threat to Kuwait, which was still a
British protectorate, Kennedy said.
“It didn’t start with Saddam,” he
said.
Another factor in the war is Israel,
Ambrosius said.
He said resolutions by the United
Nations call for both Israeli with
drawal from the occupied territories
in the West Bank, Golan Heights and
Gaza Strip and for Iraqi withdrawal
from Kuwait.
Ambrosius said the people of Iraq
wondered why one resolution was
enforced and the other wasn’t.
If Israel becomes involved in the
war with Iraq, he said, “that could
shatter the coalition.”
Syria said it would withdraw if
Israel were involved, but Egypt said it
would stay. But he said he thought
Egypt only would remain in the coa
lition if its president, Hosni Mubarek,
stays in power.
Craig MacPhec, economics depart
ment chairman and a professor, said
not only should the past and present
political situation in the Middle East
have alerted Western powers of an
impending war, but recent economic
conditionsalso should have foreshad
owed the conflict.
MacPhcc, who wrote a paper on
the effects Iraq has suffered from the
oil embargo, said Iraq’s actions in the
past year should have forewarned the
allies of its intentions.
He said figures from a few months
ago showed that Iraq had been antici
pating war and had stockpiled food
and extra parts for machinery and
vehicles.
“I think it’s pretty clear they were
planning this for a year,” MacPhee
said.
During the eight-year Iran-Iraq war,
he said, Iraq showed its capability to
stockpile huge amounts of food.
Iraq can stockpile one-half of its
yearly gross national product and only
consume one-third of it, he said. That
implies that Western powers can cut
the Iraqis off from supplies, MacPhee
said, but consumers wouldn’t suffer
that much.
Because the Iraqi government plays
such a big role in Iraq’s economy,
MacPhee said, the country may have
a problem recovering after the war is
over.
“I doubt they would be able to
repeat Japanese and German miracles
unless they have a change of political
conditions,” he said.
The war also has hit the economy
of other countries, MacPhee said.
He said Jordan has had problems
getting goods because Iraq borders it
on one side and Israel on the other.
“Jordan is pretty dependanton Iraq
for goods,” he said, “and now that it’s
pretty much shut off, they’re in bad
shape.”
King Hussein of Jordan has ap
plied for aid, MacPhee said, but as
long as Hussein continues to speak up
in favor of Iraq, the allies don’t want
to help him.
MacPhee said he wouldn’t be sur
prised if Jordan decided to totally
support Iraq.
“You can only hold out so long,”
he said.
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Iraq and Kuwait
were part of the
Ottoman Empire
until after World
War I ended in
1918. Lines indicate
only where
t
exist.
Persia
Arabia
(KUWAIT)
Once the war ended,
the allies divided the
Empire into many
states. Britain
3yr|a claimed Iraq and
1 made Kuwait its
protectorate. Britain's
rule over Iraq lasted
until the 1930s when
it then established a
monarch.
Saudi Arabia
neutral zone
__The monarchy
EZZESSSEED ar®
overthrown by a
revolutbnary
government. Gen.
Qasim ruled the
restless country until
1979. That year,
Saddam Hussein
became Iraq's
president. A year
later, Saddam and his
country initiated war
on Iran. This war
lasted until 1988,
when a cease-fire
was called. All
seemed peaceful until
August 1991 when
Saddam invaded
Kuwait.
Jordan
KUWAIT
Saudi Arabia
KUWAIT_—
KUWAIT Sources: Harper Atlas of World History and Times Atlas of World History
“ ‘ " ” Amie DeFrain/Daily Nebraskan
Kuwait also has been hit hard by
the war, MacPhee said.
But despite destruction to land,
looting by the Iraqis and much of the
population fleeing, he said, Kuwait
will not have much of a problem
recovering from the war.
Not only could destruction of oil
fields make it more difficult for Kuwait
to reestablish its economy, but it also
could affect the world economy by
raising oil prices and possibly caus
ing a world recession, MacPhec said.
He said the United States seems to
be holding out without the oil from
Kuwait and Iraq, and that because of
domestic reserves, he didn’t sec any
reason why that couldn’t continue
indefinitely.
MacPhee predicted the war will
last longer than was earlier thought.
Ambrosius agreed the war will be
longer than was thought earlier.
He said that as long as Iraq can
stay dug in, air power alone will not
guarantee military victory.
Cult
Continued from Page 1
practices have raised questions about
its legitimacy.
At Harvard University in 1987,
officials became concerned about the
group’s activities on campus, which
included door-to-door solicitation in
residence halls, repeated odd-hour
phone calls to potential recruits and
deceptive descriptions of church struc
ture and activities.
K'm Cauble, chief of the Univer
sity of Nebraska-Lincoln Police
Department, said that to his knowl
edge, the Lincoln group simply has
had services and prayer groups and
attempted to recruit members.
Members stay in almost daily
contact with potential recruits who
have attended meetings. No legal
violations or violations of university
policy have been confirmed.
Tom Ploc. camDus minister at
Washington University, said that the
Church of Christ group was at the St.
Louis campus for about 2 1/2 years
before it significantly stepped up its
recruiting efforts.
Doug Zatechka, director of uni
versity housing, said some students
already have expressed concern over
the group’s recruiting activities.
“They feel like they’re being pushed
too hard to go to meetings. I’ve heard
that students have been asked to sell
some of their personal belongings
and give the money to the organiza
tion ... It begins to sound almost
cultsy,’’ he said.
According to a report that appeared
in the Harvard Crimson in October
1987, the Boston Church of Christ
does not differ radically from other
fundamentalist churches in that it
professes that the Bible is the ulti
mate authority on all moral ques
tions, that adult baptism by immer
sion is necessary for salvation and
that most established churches have
departed from the true path of the
Lord.
What sets the Boston Church apart
is its rigid authoritarian organization,
in which all members are responsible
to superiors in the Church for all
facets of the conduct of their daily
lives.
Plog said the St. Louis Church of
Christ group was banned last semes
ter after it failed to comply with uni
versity regulations that require out
side groups to register.
Plog said the group was overstep
ping the bounds of persuasion, re
cruiting members through manipula
tion and coercing members.
“There was intense pressure placed
on particularly new students. They
probed into students’ lives, into their
sexual conduct. They used group
(Some students) feel
they’re being pushed
too hard to go to meet
ings.
Zatechka
director of university housing
--tt -
confessions 10 get leverage over their
members,” Plog said.
With reference to the group that
has formed in Lincoln, Plog said, “If
they’re calling themselves the Lin
coln Church of Christ, I’m sure Ihcy
are affiliated (with the Boston Church
of Christ).”
Diane Placht, a former member of
the St. Louis Church of Christ, said
without hesitation that the group is a
cult. Placht withdrew from the group
in December of 1989..
She said the church targets certain
cities to send mission teams to. While
she was a member, the St. Louis tar
gets were unsa, Ukia., Columbus,
Mo., and Springfield, Mo. Although
Lincoln was not one of St. Louis’
targets, she said, Lincoln would be
within reasonable distance of cither
the Denver or the Kansas City, Mo.,
branch to be targeted by them.
The recruiters that came to Wash
ington University were not students,
but they were or. campus every day,
Placht said.
“Because they were not going to
school, they got into a lot of hassle
with the university. Logically, I can
see them deciding to station recruit
ers on campus that were actually stu
dents to avoid some of the trouble
they got into.”
According to UNL students, cam
pus police and housing officials, the
group in Lincoln has members actu
ally living in the residence halls.
Residence hall officials think the
members of the group have taken the
minimum amount of hours required
to permit them to live in the residence
halls, where their recruiting efforts
will be less restricted than if they
were outsiders.
Zatechka said students cannot go
door to door within the residence halls
soliciting members regardless of
whether they live in the halls.
Residence hall conference rooms
can be booked for Bible studies, but
not religious services in most cases,
Zatechka said.
Cauble said neither of the two
meetings the group is known to have
had were on campus. About 70 people
attended the most recent full-scale
meeting, he said.
Cauble said he has received phone
calls about the group from both stu
dents and parents.
Some parents have expressed
concern about a change in attitude
from their son or daughter — not
wanting to communicate with the
family, etc. It’s the parents’ belief
that it’s had something to do with the
group,” Cauble said.
However, many campus officials
warned against jumping to premature
judgments of the Lincoln Church of
Christ and other religious groups on
campus.
Rev. Larry Doerr of the Corner
stone Ministry said university offi
cials, students and parents should
exercise caution in reacting defen
sively to the group on the basis of
theology.
“I would ask students to look care
fully into what’s being offered and
the tactics of the group. It seems like
very often groups like this tend to
narrow the horizons and options of
their members,” Doerr said. “I look
for honesty in business as well as
religion, but I don’t always find it in
either place.”
zatcchka said students should t>c
leery of joining religious organiza
tions that aren’t given university rec
ognition and that aren’t members of
the campus pastors’ association.
“Those arc two of the best meas
ures of credibility for a (religious)
organization that I can think of. Stu
dents take a real risk if they don’t
check these things out,” Zatechka said.
James Gricsen, vice chancellor for
student affairs, said, “We don’t want
to sec any of the religious groups on
campus trampled or misaligned —
there arc groups that get wrongly
accused of being a cult.”
Cauble added that the university
was concerned about the welfare of
students as far as their right to gather
and worship.
“We’re not going to infringe on
anyone’s constitutional rights. We just
get somewhat concerned because
campuses are places where a lot of
groups come under the guise of reli
gion to get money,” he said.
The Boston Church of Christ is
financed entirely by membership
contributions.
Doerr warned that often cults tar
get those who might appear to be
vulnerable students, such as fresh
men who recently have been severed
from daily contact with their family
and other support structures.
The difficulty may lie in determin
ing to what extent the university is
responsible for regulating the activi
ties of such groups.
Doerr acknowledged the problem
of justifying measures that might limit
people’s religious freedom for the
sake of protecting students from de
ception.
“In the end, we have to grant people
their own choices,” Doerr said.
