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Reformers win across Slavic region;
Yeltsin wins Russian legislative seat
MOSCOW - Candidates who want
faster reform won elections across
the nation’s Slavic heartland and Boris
Yeltsin easily gained a legislative scat
in the Russian republic, unofficial
returns indicated Monday.
Yeltsin has said he will seek the
presidency of the republic, which
traditionally means a place on the
Communist Party’s ruling Politburo.
That could return the Communist
maverick to the membership he lost
in February 1988 fa- advocating speed
ier change.
Leaders of popular movements in
the Ukraine and Byelorussia, an out
spoken television commentator in
Leningrad and a defiant editor in
Moscow also appeared to have won
in Sunday’s local and republic elec
tions.
“We’re so happy! Such success!”
said Irina Rozhenko of the Ukrainian
pro-democracy movement Narodny
Rukh.
Byelorussia, the Ukraine and the
vast Russian republic account for 80
percent of the Soviet Union and more
than two-thirds of its 290 million
people.
Most of the 1,800 contests for scats
in the legislatures of the three repub
lics remained undecided, with no
candidate getting the required major
ity. State TV said fewer than 15 per
cent were resolved in the Russian
republic.
Activists said strong showings in
this round nearly guaranteed victo
ries in runoff elections for candidates
who want to step up the pace of re
forms begun by President Mikhail
Gorbachev. The runoffs are expected
in two weeks.
Defeat of old guard local Commu
nist leaders probably would help
Gorbachev’s liberalization. He has
railed against functionaries who
hamper reform, and people hoping to
exercise new economic freedoms have
told of crippling obstacles erected by
local party officials.
Ukraine party chief Vladimir
Ivashko, considered a moderate pro
tege of Gorbachev, qualified for a
runoff against an opponent backed by
the Narodny Rukh pro-democracy
group. Vitaly Vorotnikov, president
of the Russian republic, defeated a
lone opponent in the city of Krasnodar,
winning 71.3 percent of the votes
cast.
Both are members of the Polit
buro.
Preliminary figures showed Yeltsin,
who has said he will challenge Vo
rotnikov for the republic presidency,
got 72 percent of the vote in his dis
trict of Sverdlovsk in the Ural Moun
tains. He defeated 11 other candi
dates, said Anatoly Moiseyev of the
Russian Federation Election Com
mission.
Narodny Rukh members said the
movement’s leader, poet Ivan Drach,
was elected in the first round along
with several other prominent activ
ists.
Zyanon Paznyak, leader of the
Byelorussian People’s Front, got 59
percent of the vote in his Minsk dis
trict, said spokesman Victor
Ivashkevich. He said activist candi
dates appeared to have carried cities
but party “apparatchiks,” including
Byelorussian party chief Yefrem
Sokolov, won rural districts.
In Leningrad, Bella Kurkova, con
troversial commentator of the televi
sion program “Fifth Wheel,” appeared
to be the only first-round winner, said
IMA Press, an official youth news
agency.
“Fifth Wheel" is a public affairs
program that includes long segments
about politics and such social prob
lems as crime and poor living condi
tions.
Despite Leningrad’s reputation as
a conservative bastion, pro-dcmoc
racy candidates dominated the elec
tions, said Yelena Vclinskaya, editor
of IMA Press. She said only two of
about 150 candidates supported by
the ultra-right nationalist group Pamyat
survived the first round.
Vladislav Starkov, editor of the
country’s most popular newspaper,
Arguments and Facts, was reported
the winner of a scat to the Russian
republic’s parliament.
Starkov ignored a strong sugges
tion from Gorbachev that he quit Iasi
year after the paper, which has a
circulation of 33 million, printed re
sults of a poll implying human rights
activist Andrei Sakharov was more
popular than Gorbachev.
Unofficial reports said well-known
dissident Sergei Kovalyov also won a
scat in the Russian parliament.
Nearly 150 million voters were
registered to vote Sunday and more
than 11,000candidates vied for I ,S(K)
scats in the three republic legislatures
and thousands more places on local
governing councils. Official results
are expected today.
Official reports said 86 percent of
the candidates in the Russian elec
tions and 80 percent in the Ukraine
were members of the Communist Party.
Gorbachev, who was not a candi
date, described the elections as a battle
between reformers and entrenched
burcacrats, and added: “I am con
vinced that perestroika will win.”
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Kohl defends position on border
BONN, West Germany - Chancellor Helmut
Kohl on Monday defended his demand that a
guarantee of Poland’s border be linked to
Warsaw’s renunciation of war reparations, saying
Poland has been demanding compensation for
forced laborers used in the Third Reich.
In East Berlin, mean while, Communists and
opposition parties agreed to submit a broad
social charter to lawmakers in both Gcimanys
designed to protect East Germans against so
cial hardships once the countries merge under
a capitalist system.
The charter, adopted at weekly negotiations
between the Communists and 15 opposition
groups, demands that the right to work and the
right to accommodation be enshrined in the
constitution of a united Germany.
It also calls for guarantees of democratic
and humane working conditions, education
and health services for all, protection of pen
sions, equality of the sexes, and social integra
tion for the disabled.
Kohl s refusal to give Poland guarantees
about its border has led to a widening split with
Foreign Minister Hans-Dictrich Gcnscher, and
the two met privately Monday to discuss the
issue. Results of the meeting were not made
public.
Genscher has been saying that West Ger
many must make clear to its neighbors that a
unified Germany would not be a threat.
‘ This not only concerns Poland’s trust, but
that of all Europeans,” he told the ZDF televi
sion network.
Kohl has said he has no designs on land
ceded to Poland after the Third Reich’s defeat
-- about a third of modern-day Poland.
But he has insisted that only the government
of a united Germany could have final say on the
matter. Kohl faces West German elections in
December and is apparently concerned about
losing the conservative vote.
Polish Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki
has called on both Germanys to begin negotia
tions on a treaty that would recognize the Oder
and Neisse rivers, which currently form the
border, as the permanent boundary between
Poland and Germany.
On Friday, Kohl said such a treaty would
have to be tied to Poland’s 1953 renunciation
of war reparations and of its pledge last year to
protect the ethnic rights of its German minor
lty.
Kohl’s demands produced astonishment in
Warsaw and harsh criticism from politicians al
home.
The chancellor, trying to justify his de
mands, said Monday that since 1987, Poland
has been raising the topic of compensation for
Poles sent to Nazi labor camps during World
War II.
Kohl also said he would oppose signing a
peace treaty as a means of settling the border
-4.4
This not only concerns
Poland's trust, but that of
all Europeans.
Genscher
W. German Foreign Minister
-f f
issue. No World War II peace treaty was ever
signed.
In East Berlin, opposition minister Gerhard
Poppe said the new social charter,once adopted
by the East German parliament, should serve as
the basis for East Germany’s negotiations with
its capitalist neighbor on economic, monctar)
and social union.
He said the charter also would be presented
to the West German Bundestag for discussion.
According to the charter, unification should
be based on “reforming of both German soc ial
security systems, to perfect the positive points
of both.”
Single parents, large families, pensioners
and the disabled should receive special advan
tages, the document said.
Delegates also urged guarantees to protect
East Germans’ personal property and savings.
The proposed social charter comes less than
two weeks before East Germany’s March 18
elections for a new parliament.
East Germans traditionally have viewed their
social security network as the paramount achieve
ment of more than 40 years of Communist rule,
and they are nervous about what might happen
to them under a capitalist system.
East Germans in general know little about
West Germany’s social security network, viewed
as one of Western Europe’s most generous.
The conservative Alliance for Germany,
backed by Kohl’s Christian Democratic Union,
appealed to voters not to fear the switch to
capitalism.
