Thursday, March 12, 1987
Federal official, teacher
debate government's role
By Jim Rogers
Editorial Page Editor
Two constitutional-law experts faced off
Wednesday about the proper role of the U.S.
government. Before a group of law students and
professors at the Nebraska College of Law, U.S.
Assistant Attorney General Stephen J. Markman
and Creighton law professor Richard E. Shugrue
debated at a Bicentennial Symposium on Feder
alism sponsored by the Nebraska Chapter of the
Federalist Society.
Markman said the state of federalism in the
United States is "forlorn." He said the constitu
tional requirement is too often treated as
archaic and irrelevant when, in fact, "federalism
is tied to individual liberty." Unless a national
and uniform solution is needed, states should
make their own decisions, he said.
The Supreme Court has said Congress, not the
courts, is the primary protector of federalism,
Markman said. Asking Congress to protect fed
eralism is like asking a "wolf pack to protect
sheep," Markman said.
He compared it to the president attempting to
usurp the power of Congress or the courts, which
would cause a "constitutional crisis." The dis
persal of power between the states and the
national government is as important as the sepa
ration of power between the three branches of
the federal government, he said.
Even if the constitution authorizes nat ional
legislation, Markman said, "wisdom" would rec
ognize the value of state-level decision-making
because states are "more responsive to the aver
age citizen" and closer to the people.
Shugrue argued that a more expansive notion
of the powers of the national government is
necessary in a modern society, saying, "The his
tory of constitutional development in the United
States is the history of withdrawal from eco
nomic Balkanization" present at the "dawn of
the Republic."
Shugrue said a federal constitution would not
have been needed at all if not for the many
problems tht would have caused national chaos
otherwise. History teaches the need for a strong
national government, and the constitution gives
the national government this power, he said.
Shugrue said a "vibrant federalism" exists
with the recognition that there are legitimate
areas of concern the national government may
address, such as civil rights.
Shugrue disputed Markman's claim that state
and local governments better meet the needs of
their citizens and said local governments were
the prime offenders in preventing non-white
Americans from obtaining equal educational
opportunity.
Shugrue also questioned the financial ability
of states and cities to take care of needs. He said
that "to emasculate the national government
... is to take a step back into the dark ages."
Unusual jobs give students
unique summer opportunities
By Libby York
Staff Reporter
Getting a summer job doesn't have to mean
working at home in the fields or taking tickets at
the local theater. Unconventional jobs, some
students say, can be a good change of pace.
Jobs as summer-camp counselors, nannies
and amusement-park attendants provide work in
a light atmosphere, said KayKinkelman, coord;
nator of job location and development at UNL
Barb Wilhelm, ajunior speech communications
and advertising major, worked at Walt Disney
World last summer through the Magic Kingdom
College Program. The program provides college
students with a salary and locates places to live.
Employees are required to work and attend one
seminar a week to learn about different aspects
of the corporation, such as finance, accounting
and entertainment.
"Everyone is on a first-name basis there," Wil
helm said, "which created a better working
atmosphere." At times, it got monotonous, and I
didn't really care for the heat, but it taught me
an attitude: to always put forth my best effort."
The job-opportunities board outside the office
of scholarships and financial aid, Administra
tion Building 22 has several fliers advertising
anconventional jobs.
Kimberle Maaske, a sophomore broadcasting
major, spent last summer in Connecticut as a
nanny for two children, one 7 months old and one
2 years old.
"I got to see a different part of the country,
and I got paid for it," she said. Maaske received
$125 per week and 1 12 days a week off. She said
she traveled to Maine, Boston and New York.
Maaske said people interested in nanny jobs
should consider the circumstances and their
personalities.
"If the mother didn't work (outside the
home), I wouldn't recommend it," she said.
"It's a chance for people to see a different part
of the country, but you have to put up with a lot
of stuff from the parents," Maaske said. "You
have to remember it is a job."
Employment at a dude ranch or national park,
or as a construction or yard worker is an option
for students who want to work outside.
See JOBS on 6
Sanctions a boon to Botha,
tragic for unemployed blacks
RUSHER from Page 4
by those who favored them.
The hope of these supporters was that sanc
tions would (to quote one paper) "jolt the South
African government" into abandoning its segre
gationist policies. On the contrary, it is agreed
by political analysts right across the South Afri
can spectrum that sanctions have simply har
dened white South African opinion against
further concessions to the blacks, put an end to
the good will toward America that President
Reagan's policy of "constructive engagement"
had engendered, and strengthened the support
of the Botha government among white voters so
spectacularly that Botha has called an election
for May 6 to cash in on it.
On the economic side, the sanctions have
thrown substantial numbers of blacks out of
work (once again, as opponents predicted) an
especially painful wound in a country whose
unemployed have no dole to fall back on. South
African businessmen have been picking up the
assets of departing U.S. firms for a song. South
Africa's Roman Catholic bishops have issued a
statement admitting that sanctions (which they
favored have proved a disastrous mistake.
Of course, in the long run after South
African entrepreneurs have made some quick
money filling the gaps opened by the U.S. sanc
tions the continued shortage of foreign capi
tal for fresh investment ought to begin to slow
down the South African economy. To the extent
that it can, the government will try to alleviate
the resulting black unemployment by giving
these workers the jobs, in mining and elsewhere,
currently held by visiting workers from Lesotho,
Swaziland, Mozambique and elsewhere thus
shifting the impat of sanctions to these hapless
neighboring states. But the long-term effect on
South Africa's blacks is bound to be serious.
What about the cynical argument that a pain
ful dose of unemployment may be just what the
blacks need to "ginger them up" to energize
them for revolutionary activity against the white
regime? Unfortunately (if that's your strategy)
all evidence is to the contrary. A truly hungry
man has no time for politics. Such energy as he
may have is single-mindedly devoted to the des
parate search for food until approaching star
vation produces first debility, then torpor.
So much for sanctions.
1987 Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
Rusher is the publisher of the National Review.
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