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About The daily Nebraskan. ([Lincoln, Neb.) 1901-current | View Entire Issue (Oct. 17, 1985)
Thursday, October 17, 1935 Page 2 fly The Associated Press Daily Nebraskan Eeppmg nap secmmcy Military advises on anti-terrorism WASHINGTON Spurred by terror ist attacks on three continents, the U.S. armed forces are putting new emphasis on advising their personnel how to avoid making themselves invit ing targets for attack. The advice comes against the back ground of the murders of four Marine embassy guards at an outdoor cafe in El Salvador in June, the slaying of Navy diver Robert Stethem aboard a hyacked TWA jetliner in Beirut in July and a car-bombing that killed two people at the Rhein-Main Air Base in West Ger many in August. Many of the security tips fall into the ealm of common sense and most are not new, but there has been a renewed nphasis on them, officials say. The Army, for instance, in mid-September instructed commands worldwide to tighten security generally. Elaine Henrion, an Army spokes woman, said soldiers going abroad also "are counseled a little bit" about mak ing themselves less conspicuous in their appearance and behavior. Army Lt. Col. Arnold Williams, a pub lic affairs specialist on terrorism for the Defense Department, said this involves cautions such as not to choose as off-duty apparel like "cowboy hats with feathers in the band and belt buckles the size of pie plates" and "not to congregate in a particular place habitually." Williams said an Army newspaper he edited in Germany ran regular security tips so that increased attention to safety would not be taken as alarmist but simply an attempt to keep up the safety awareness of troops. An Air Force spokesman, Capt. Jim O'Brien, said personnel in his service are given a "local threat briefing" upon their transfer to an overseas base. The service members are expected to pass these precautions along to their depen dents, he said. Alone with the renewed awareness of personal security have been physical improvements to the security arrange ments of bases, especially those over seas, O'Brien said. Some are as obvious as huge concrete flower pots that serve as barricades and others are more sub tle, he said, declining to be more specific. The service wide directives followed immediate steps taken by some field commanders after terrorist incidents. Because Stethem's military affilia tion was uncovered by the fact he was traveling with an armed forces identi fication card and written orders instead of a passport, the commander of U.S. naval forces in Europe, Adm. Lee Bag gett, ordered sailors and Marines in his region to obtain civilian passports. Similarly, days after the slaying at the Salvadoran Cafe, Col. Walt Boomer, commander of the Marine Security Guard Batallion, urged embassy guards to forego the close-shaven "high and tight" haircut many favor and grow their hair out to the. permitted three inch length. Americans 'the most educated,' Census Bureau study shows WASHINGTON Giant strides in schooling since 1940 "have made the American people the most educated in the world," but the quality of U.S. schools sagged in the 1970s, a Census Bureau study concluded Wednesday. The special demographic study by two Census analysts also found evidence that the "return" on a college educa tion the edge in earnings that col lege graduates have over high school graduates is growing again after shrinking in the 1970s. "Less than 45 years ago... a solid majority of young adults were either high school dropouts or had never gone beyond elementary school," said the report. "Today...high school dropouts have been reduced to a small minority." In 1940, only 38 percent of those ages 25 to 29 had attained a high school diploma, and a mere 6 percent had college degrees. Now, the report said, 86 percent of those surveyed by the Census Bureau said they have high school diplomas and 22 percent pos sess college degrees. "These are very large trends and they have made the American people the most educated in the world," said the report, "Education in the United States; 1940-1983," by Dave M. O'Neill and Peter Sepielli. lt cited surveys showing that in 1980-81 almost 32 percent of all U.S. adults 25 or older had at least some college education, compared with 17.3 percent of East Germans, 17.2 percent of Canadians, 15.5 percent of Swedes, 14.5 percent of Japanese and 7 percent of Hungarians. The Census figure on high school graduation is markedly higher than that used by the U.S. Department of Education, which says that 26.1 per cent of the students who were high school freshmen in 1979 failed to grad uate in 1983. Alan Ginsburg, Educa tion's director of planning, said the 26.1 percent figure does not include those who later obtain high schol equi valency diplomas. Numerous groups of educators, civic and business leaders have deplored the state of U.S. high schools in recent years and called for steps to make them more rigorous. The report said, "Contrary to most current opinion, the market for college graduates may be reviving." It said many people have been con cerned "about a glut of college gradu ates" and that the value of a college degree "will not hold up if too many people get college educations." Buttressing those fears were studies in the late 1960s and 1970s showing an erosion in the traditional edge in earn ing power that college graduates had over those with only high school diplomas. Chiefs of Staff obsolete, report says WASHINGTON - The military Joint Chiefs of Staff have become obsolete, unable. to give effective advice, and should be abolished because they pose an obstacle to effective joint opera tions by the military services a Senate staff report said Wednesday. The report, the product of 2Vt years of work by the bipartisan staff of the Senate Armed Services Committee, recommends that the joint chiefs be replaced with a Joint Military Advisory Council. It would be composed of five four star officers, each of whom would be on his last tour of service, in order to "create a source of truly independent military advice, uninhibited by service responsibilities and pressures." The ranking officers of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force would continue to head their services but would lose their role as direct mil itary advisers. At present, the report said, the chiefs wear two hats, as military advis ers and service heads, and consequently are not able to do either job well. Identifying 34 problem areas, the report makes 91 specific recommenda tions for change, many aimed at improving the effectiveness of military operations involving more than one service. The committee was told the current system is "fundamentally flawed and in need of critical structural reform." The report was unveiled at a com mittee hearing in which most members agreed change has become essential. But debate flared over how radical that change should be. "There will be those who say the system ain't broke, don't fix it," said Sen. Barry Goldwater, R-Ariz., the committee chairman who is a major general in the Air Force Reserve and was his party's 1964 presidential candidate. "However, it is broke and we need to fix it," said Goldwater, who is retiring at the end of his present term. "If we don't, our military effectiveness will be seriously impaired. If we have to fight tomorrow, these problems will cause Americans to die unneccessarily. Even worse, they may cause us to lose the fight." Sen. John Warner, R-Va., a former secretary of the Navy, disagreed. He said some of the proposed remedies would subject the armed forces and the Pentagon to "open heart surgery." And he said Goldwater's character istic outspoken candor may undermine morale and cause more damage. "I disagree with your bluntness in saying this system is broke," Warner said. "We must proceed with extreme moderation and care. . . I would sug gest we not characterize the whole sys tem as broke, but act in a manner to preserve the morale of the armed services." Sen. Sam Nunn, D-Ga., the commit tee's ranking Democrat, said "the facts overwhelmingly establish that there are real problems." owsmsKGrs A roundup of the day's happenings Kathryn "Kit" Boesch, 37, the executive director of the Lincoln-Lancaster Commission on the Status of Women, has been named Lancaster County's new human services director. Boesch begins the job Nov. 1. Lincoln Police Capt. James Baird has received a Bronze Key Award from the Lincoln Council on Alcoholism and Drugs. The Bronze Key is the highest volunteer award available to a local affiliate. Baird was honored for his contribution to the establishment of the Cornhusker Place Detoxification Center and the Lincoln Employee Assistance Program, as independent, non-profit organiza tions. A Chinese shoe-industry conference in Inner Mongolia has set maximum heights for high heels, a fashion rage among young people in the world's most populous country. Conference participants set limits of 2Vz inches for women's heels and VA inches for men's heels, "out of consideration for health." Applications will be taken until Nov. 1 5 for licenses to hunt Montana's biggest big-game animal bison that wander out of Yellowstone National Park. A random drawing will be held to select 500 names. When buffalo come out of the park into Montana, the hunters will be contacted in the order their names were drawn. When they arrive at the hunt site, hunters will be assigned animals. For example, the first hunter on the roster would have first chance to shoot a bull, if one was available. Israelis release tape of Abbas A man Israel said was PLO official Mohammed Abbss speaking to the Achille Lauro's hijackers told them in tapes of radio conversations released Wednesday to explain "our objective" to the cruise ship's pas sengers and not to harm them. Israel said the conversation occurred Oct. 9, the day after American passenger Leon Klir;ghoffer was shot twice and thrown overboard off the coast of Syria. ; Albas was with the fourhjackers on the Egyptian airliner U.S. Navyjets forced down last Friday at a NATO base in Sicily, Italy. The United States and Israel accused him of directing the piracy and the Reagan administra tion demanded that he be held, but Italy let him go and its splintered coalition government may collapse as a result. The liner ended its voyage of terror Wednesday, steaming into its home port of Genoa, Italy, and Leon Klinghoffcr's body, found Sunday near Syria, was flown to Rome for an autopsy. The hyackers, Israeli officials and Abbas' Palestine Liberation Front have said the initial plan was for a terror attack when the ship reached the Israeli port of Ashdod. Italian prosecution sources quoted the Palestini ans, who claim to be PLF members, as saying they decided to seize the ship after a waiter saw them with weapons. Americans, W. German win Nobels STOCKHOLM, Sweden ' Two Americans whose work-in determining molecular structure has been used to develop hundreds cf modern drugs won the 1885 Ncbel Prize for chemistry Wednesday. Sweden's Royal Academy of Sciences on Wedncsdasy also gave the 1985 Nobel Prize for physics to West Germany's Klaus von Klitzlng, who made a discovery that is expected to lead to better quality electronic goods. Americans Herbert Hauptman, 68, and Jerome Karle, 67, are both physicists, but Nobel officials took the exceptional step of awarding them the chemistry prize because their work in finding a method to determine crystal structure has become indispensable to chemists. Nobel officials credited Hauptman and Karle with working out equa tions and procedures for use by scientists trying to analyze crystal structure through radiation. "Almost all we know about the structure of molecules is a result of this method," said Ingvar LindqMst, a Nobel chemistry juror who said Haupt man and Karle had found an "ultimate" method, which would not be improved. Ground broken for Holocaust memorial WASHINGTON Breaking ground Wednesday for the United States' official memorial to the 6 million victims of the Nazi Holocaust, survivor Elie Wiesel mixed the first shovel of dirt with soil from five of the most feared camps and implored his audience to, "Come and see. Come and learn. Learn what other human beings can do to others human beings." Wiesel, chairman of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council, told an audience cf about 400 at the memorial End museum site near the mall that the museum "is not intended to awaken hatred nor to separate people quite the opposite: It is meant to bring people closer together. Faced with our memories, the visiter will have no choice but become more sensitive to his or her fellow beings' anguish." The muccunt is designed to CGmxnemmcrate the victir.s cf the Holo ;mst, virtually, all Jrope, jw::asd to. provide public education Erca!;ir3 grecsi fcr the SCD,CC5-st:8 fret L";i!i;r. Visscl mixed the ifirst ;hevel of esrth'wiih sell feo the sites cf.the Auschwitz,' Bergen-f iBdsen, Dachau, Therssicnstsit and TrstliiLa ccncctrat'on 'camps .and : i.roni tae Vsres-s' Jewish Cenctrry. v ;i Wo en thsrau: sunt t Oct, L 80,000 Chrysler vorhcrs on strike CIG"UND FAT: a, Kfch. A strips 1 0,0 U.S. and Canadian ; :. totoworkers $t ism ' meet cf. CrpIcrCcrp. Vcav: true??: and parts;; firsts Wednesday as ncjsthtcrs ttr;zTzi i". of a quick : :;Mtleine'nt.-5 St United Auto Worfccra Union maided '0'aXk.bi,; leader cf 70,000 I U.S. strikers, returned to Chrysler hetiaitalO fcdias aflerannouncing:-; the first U.S. Chrysler striks in 12 yers. IBieber said Chrysler had failed to meet the 'union's "demand that it accept the pattern of was, benefit arJ job security provided for in UAW contracts reached a year ago at General Mators Corp. and Fcrd Motor Co. The strikes, called at 12:01 a.m. following a collapse in the separate bargaining in the United States and Canada, stepped operations at most cf Chrysler's 50 plants and warehouses in the two countries. U.S. Chrysler assemblers make an average $13.23 an hour, or 6 cents less than those at GM and Ford. EPA agrees to Union Carbide request WASHINGTON The Environmental Protection Agency agreed to a Union Carbide request not to require an automatic alert to local govern ment agencies at the West Virginia plant making methyl isocynate, Because false alarms would be frequent, an EPA official said Wednesday. -, MTlyi isocynate cr MIC is the pesticide ingredient that killed more than 2 000 people in Bhopal, India, after it lealxd torn a Union Carbide plant there last December. After that accident, the company stopped makinj MIC at Institute, W. iv! Vf ew Safety Proceures. . With 15 million worth of new safety equipment installed, MIC produc tion resumed May 4. FPEA6f!ieihe pIant was restarted, there was "a lot cf discussion" between ii,?? fif C(!mp.y about whether to install a system that would trigger fn Vno 6 Shenfrs offlce and other places if temperatures or pressures 2in5i PDPr0cf exceeded certain values, said Stan Laskowski, deputy regional EPA administrator. wZwf f Vinced by the C0IrW mi sht be set clT every time there hi 5f S ??W beIch at te plant, That area should be discussed in mucn morn rtctoii i 1 . 5. -v-w.t, . t&ivuwtiiii saia.-'