friday, february29, 1980
daily nebraskan
page 3
Irm remit necessd&ry
for freedom -Momim
By LoriMcCinnis
In order to gain independence, Iran,
ian- people had to revolt against the
Shah's regime, an Iranian economist said
Thursday in the Nebraska Union.
Economist Simin Royanian spoke to
more than 100 people about the factors
relating to the Iranian Revolution. The
speech was the last program of this
week's Middle East Symposium,
sponsored by the University Program
Council's Talks and Topics Committee.
"Under the Shah there was no free
dom in Iran,' Royanian said. 'There
was no freedom of press. To publish
something in Turkish (the language
spoken in Northeast Iran), was enough
to put you in prison, even if it was just a
poem."
Turmoil over the Shah's regime
began with the 1963 announcement of
plans for a white revolution, which
would impose western culture on
Iranian people , Royanian said . ,
The white revolution was part of a
world-wide plan made by President
Kennedy's administration, so the United
States could have power over Iran,
Royanian said.
The number of protests over the
Shah's leadership increased, she said,
and anyone who opposed his rule was
jailed, tortured or killed.
An estimated 15,000 people were
killed during the Shah's regime, she said.
Because the Shah was unpopular, he
became more repressive in order to stay
in power, she said. One of the Shah's
policies, the Land Reform Act, divided
up the least fertile land among peasants,
Royanian said, forcing them to look for
work in the city. The act destroyed
most of the agriculture in Iran.
Iran was self-supporting in food pro.
duction before the Shah's regime, she
said, but now Iran is importing 60 per
cent of its grain.
The act caused economic misery in
Iran,. Royanian said. Inflation grew to
30 percent a year. The average wage
earnings among the people was S5-S12
a day.
A simple two-bedroom apartment in
Tehran with no appliances averaged
$ 1 ,000 a month , she said.
-The welfare of the Iranian people
deteriorated day by day".' she' said.
The United States had a significant
role in bringing the Shah to power,
Royanian said. The U.S. instigated
SAVAK, the Shah's secret police, a tool
the Shah used to implement his policies,
she said. The U.S. supported him in aU
forms, she said.
Referring to the hostage situation,
Royanian said, "Iranians don't hate
Americans by any means, but they may
hate the U.S. government's policy in
Iran.'
Lack of listening causes
Mideast crises Mutchnik
Candidacy draws complaint
An objection has been lodged against a
UNL student who is running for the NU
Boaid of Regents from the, sixth district,
although his permanent residence is in the
third district.
Rich Register, a senior pre-law major
from Fremont, filed for the sixth district
regent seat currently held by Robert
Simmons of Scottsbluff,
However, two UNL seniors from the
sixth district, Carter J, Kerk and Jane
Svitak, have filed a complaint against
Register with the Secretary of State,
The complaint states that Register is
violating the state constitution by running
for office in a district in which he is not a
permanent resident.
There will be a hearing on the objection
at 10 ajn, Tuesday in the East Senate
Chamber of the. Capitol,
By Betsy Miller
- "Suffering is part of any conflict, and I
refuse to let-mine be unrecognized," a
Jewish refugee expelled from Iraq 30 years
ago for her religious beliefs said Wednes
day. Aviva Mutchnik presented her views of
the Palestinian-Israeli situation at the Ne
braska Union as part of a Middle East sym
posium sponsored by the University Pro
gram Council's Talks & Topics Committee.
Mutchnik is a member of the Organiza
tion of Jews from Arab Countries.
Mutchnik said life; in an Israeli "transi
tion camp' was an abrupt change from her
previous environment in Baghdad, Iraq.
Her family was expelled from Iraq in
1950 because of its Judaism.
The family relocated in Israel, where
living conditions included a small shack
and a lack of food, Mutchnik said. She also
said that her family was considered small
with five children, while the average family
had 10 children.
According to Mutchnik, her period as a
refugee changed her political views.
Not always Zionist
"1 am now a Zionist. Was I in 194? No,
1 wasn't. Neither was my family, she said,
Mutchnik said adjusting to life in Israel
was difficult. Instead of being a minority in
Iraq, she was part of a majority in Israel,
Mutchnik's talk was interrupted after
15 minutes when a man from the audience
stood up and said she was not speaking on
the Palestinian-Israeli situation which was
the title of her presentation. Shortly after
this, the man and several other members of
the audience walked out despite Mutch
nik's attempts to tell them the relation of
her story to the Middle East,
Mutchnik said the dissenters' walkout
was an example of the problems of negoti
ating between Middle East , countries
"There is the absence of the ear to
listen, she said,
Mutchnik also said that the Middle East
problem between Israelis and Palestinians
involves more than two opinions,
Five sides
"You must listen to at least five sides to
understand the problem, she said.
. Some listeners questioned her feelings
that persecution of Jews in Arab countries
is severe. '
In reply, Mutchnik cited, examples of
persecution of Jews in Iraq from 1951 to
1977 and poor treatment of Jews in Syria
who refused to leave the country after be
ing expelled.
Mutchnik also disagreed with the
opinion that the Palestine Liberation Or
ganization is the official spokesman for
Palestinian people.
She said she has spoken with Palestin
. ians of the West Bank who told her they
did not wish to be represented by the PLO.
She also downplayed reports of Israeli
settlements in occupied areas.
"It's been blown way out of propor
tion,' she said.
Despite differences, Mutchnik said she
believes there is reason to be optimistic for
peace between nations in the Middle East.
Although the situation appears tough,
she said a passenger she met while flying to
Lincoln gave her hope.
The passenger, an 82-year-old woman
from Essex, Conn., took up scuba diving at
the age of 72. Mutchnik said this is the
type of determination and optimism need
ed by countries when thinking of peace
agreements.
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