frlday, mcrch 2, 1970
dally nebnskon
Iranian lit
Dy Cindy Colhnese
Editor? note: The following is the fat of ft
four-part series on the' i events ' of ' Iran4 '
written by Alice Hrnlctk and Cindy Cog-
lianese.
An outline of Iranian history shows
struggles over the mid-eastern land for con
trol were political and religious.
Between 550 and 331 B.C., the Achae
menids ruled Iran. This was the time when
Persia was at its height of power and under
the control of Cyrus the Great.
During the years 331 to 129 B.C., the
control switched to Greek hands and Alex
ander the Great's rule from 330 to 305
B.C. This was the same time as the Age of
Pericles and the ruination of Carthage by
the Romans.
From 129 B.C. to 224 A.D., the
Parthians occupied Iranian lands. Then In
224-641 came the Golden Age of the Irani
ans under the Sassanlans, which was the
same time as the powerful Roman Empire.
At the time Charlemagne was being
. 4-
sketA shows long list of straggles'
crowned, Harun al-Rashid and the Muslim
Caliphs controlled Iran. Local Iranian suc
cessors filled voids from 641 to 1050,
' '' The period of 1050 to 1$66 has been re
ferred to as the Waves of Invaders as Turks
and Mongols waged wars in Iran for
control. From 1395 to 1405, Tamerlane
ruled in Iran as the Turks raided Constan
tinople. This came after Hulagu Khan's
rule from 1256 to 1265.
The Safavtd Renaissance: Another Age
of Greatness stood as a period of about
200 years in Iran. From 1500 to 1736
Shah Abbas ruled the country. As the
French Revolution began, Iranian rule
went to Nadir Shah. This time period is
known as Nadir Shah and the Qajars and
lasted from 1736 to 1926.
In 1926, the Pahlavi's dynasty came
into rule, the family of Shah Mohammad
Reza Pahlavi. This was a time when Iran
was to come between Russia and the
United States. The current shah's father,
Reza Shah, was the first to rule during
this stage of Iranian history .
Similar to U.S.
The form of government under the Pah-
Rabin
00
Continued from page 1
But the Palestinians should not be repre
sented at the negotiations by the Palestin
ian Liberation Organization, he said.
"Let's let the majority of people decide
it," he said, drawing fron the Camp David
agreement. -
There are three and- one-half million
Jews anyone and one-half million Palestin
ians in Israel, he said. '
Two million Jews would have to be
expelled to let PLO leader Yasser Arafat
have his way , he said.
We have not accepted the philosophy
of national suicide ... at least with Egypt
we have no difference of opinion that the
PLO is not a partner on the negotiations
and the same applies to the United States."
Rabin said that from 1948 to 1967 the
West Bank and Gaza Strip were Arab lands.
Camp pavid negotiations
"How did it happen thst no demands,
no attempt, was made for 19 years to
create a Palestinian state?" he asked.
"For the same simple reason that the
purpose was not a Palestinian state in a
part of Palestine. The purpose was the dis
mantling of Israel as an independent
state."
In a half-hour press conference preced
ing the speech, Rabin commented on the
Israeli cabinet's refusal to allow Prime
Minister Menachem Begin to attend a new
Camp David Summit unless Egyptian Presi
dent Anwar Sadat is present.
"We thought it would not be advantage
ous to have a meeting with someone who
doesn't have the authority on the other
side."
Begin and Sadat are the chief executive
officers of the two countries.
No comment
Rabin would not comment on remarks,
made by Begin Thursday upon arrival at
Andrews Air Force base in Washington
. D.C. which called the Egyptian-Israeli
peace effort "a deep crisis" and the Egypt-
ian peace proposal "a sham document."
Rabin also spoke to a group of political
science students Thursday afternoon and
appeared at Creighton University Saturday
night. He also made an appearance in
Wichita, Kan.
He received $2,500 for the appearance,
most of which came from discretionary
funds from the University of Nebraska
Foundation donated by Chancellor Roy
Young.
The faculty convocations committee
also contributed to funding the talk. No
tax or fee money went to sponsor him.
Rabin was not accompanied by security
personnel.
Rabin is on a short United States tour
by permission of the Israeli Embassy.
Lincoln was his last appearance.
lavi dynasty in Iran ran along similar lines
as the United States with executive, legis
lative and judicial branches of government.
However, the chief of state was known
as the His Imperial Majesty the Shahinshah
(shah). The manner of selection for the
rulers was hereditary monarchy. The term
of office was lifetime or whenever the shah
wanted to leave.
His powers included supreme command
of all military and naval forces, approval of
all bills, exemption from all responsibilities,
convening and dissolving parliament and
appointment and dismissal of all ministers.
In addition, the shah could introduce
legislation, issue decrees and orders imple
menting laws, declare war and conclude
peace.
As with the presidential cabinet in the
United States, the shah also had an execu
tive cabinet.
Legislative system
In the legislative branch of government,
Iran had a Senate and a Majlis with
members either appointed or elected by
the nation. There were 60 members in the
Senate and 136 members in the Majlis (a
lower house).
The judicial system had a supreme
court, court of appeals, court of first in
stances, police magistrate courts and jus
tices of the peace. Religious courts,
advisory courts, military courts and
commercial courts were special courts un
der the governmental structure under the
shah.
In rWnhr 1QA7 h chflh HecMeH to
dispense with democracy in favor of rule
by decree. At the time, he said he was ex
asperated from his attempts to bring about
land reform in Iran.
According to Margaret Laing, author of
The Shah (The Anchor Press Ltd., 1977),
the shah's attitude towards democracy had
been steadily declining since the 1950s. He
was convinced -that democracy as he un
derstood it would not serve the purposes
of Iran.
Brief overthrow
After his return to power in 1953 (after
briefly being overthrown by Dr.
Mohammed Mossadeq), the shah replaced
autonomous parties with the Melliyun (Na
tionalist) and Mardom (People's) parties,
both created by the shah and led by two of
his followers.
In 1963 a new party was created under
Hassan All Mansur. Within two months 150
deputies had joined the new party. In
March, 1964, Mansur created a new govern
ment from the party as requested by the
shah, and was known as the Iran Novin or
the New Iran Party. Mansur then
announced that the shah would assume
overall leadership of the party.
From that time until the recent over
throw of the shah's government, he ruled
in an authoritarian system believing that
reform in Iran could only be accom
plished through his strict authority.
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