Wednesday, decern be r 13, 1978
daily nebraskan
page 7
Flexibility required to meet goals speaker
By Alice Hrnicek
Much progress has been made internationally in the
area of human rights, "but we still have a long way to go,"
reported a staff assistant of the Bureau of Human Rights
and Humanitarian Affairs in the State Department.
Eileen Heaphy addressed the issue in an open forum
Monday. The event was jointly sponsored by the United
National Association of Lincoln, the UNL Political
Science Department and the UNL Convocations
Committee.
The categories of human rights that the bureau works
with include the rights of integrity of the person, the right
to fulfill one's basic economic and social needs and the
right to enjoy civil and political freedom, Heaphy said.
A "flexible diplomacy is required, in order to achieve
these goals," she said. "We practice a vigorous diplomacy
using all available resources."
Several of the methods used are quiet diplomacy, in
which U.S. leaders join in bilateral discussions with the
foreign governments, and symbolic affirmations, in which
the U.S. examines its relations with other nations in terms
of human rights.
Assistance linked to policy
"We attempt to channel increased economic assistance
to countries with good or improving human rights poli
cies," Heaphy noted. "Aid is reduced to countries that are
gross violators of human rights." The Human Rights Com
mittee has opposed loans to 30 countries because of this
policy, she added.
The export and import banks and OPEC have also been
required by law to take human rights into consideration
when bargaining with other countries. The sales of arms
and police equipment have also been reviewed, she said.
The "processes and decisions are extremely complex
and difficult to make but we have to make them. The
question of intervention is a false charge. If you have mili
tary assistance you're already involved. We have to make a
decision whether we like it or not," she said.
Heaphy added that the purpose of the human rights
policy is to reduce suffering in the world. "It is in our
self-interest. Our position in the world strengthens by a
human rights policy."
Respect from foreigners has come at a grass roots level,
she said. Support has been in the form of letters from
them .
Support balanced
"This grass roots support has to be balanced against
losses by governments," she said. "Obviously, we are not
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long term support."
An increased awareness in the concern for human
rights and case by case progress in countries are seen as
concrete achievements of the past two years, Heaphy
said.
Two major acts presented by the United Nations which
have not yet been ratified by the United States are the
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Covenant
on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Over 50
countries have ratified these covenants.
Other international legislation up for vote are the
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the
Crime of Genocide, the International Convention on the
Elimination of Racial Discrimination and American
Covention on Human Rights (sponsored by the Organiza
tion of American States.
International court
A multi-lateral convention of human rights put forth in
1969 and signed by 15 nations will go into effect soon,
Heaphy said. The act calls for the first international
human rights courts which would try cases in each
country. The United States has not ratified this
agreement.
Progress has also been made in Communist nations,
Heaphy noted. The Helsinki Act, signed earlier this year,
serves as a "legislative vehicle with which to discuss
human rights with communist countries. Now human
rights is a viable topic to discuss in Communist nations,"
she said.
Heaphy pointed out that the situation in Iran is a "very
crucial problem at this moment. Some think our human
rights policy is causing problems for the shah.
"Our relations with the shall are very close," she said.
"We haven't cut off aid. Some could say we're incon
sistent by doing that.
She said although human rights are important now,
that does not mean they will always be paramount. There
are other considerations, she added.
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