From
Russia
with
love
by Nicholas Horrock
For half a century, the Americans and the Russians have
been at one another's throats or, occasionally, in one another's
arms. But one factor in the relationship has remained
constant -spying.
The espionage game never falters, and it is a contest that
has yet to produce a clear winner. The U.S. spends more
money and has more scientific equipment. But no one puts
more agents in the field than the mammoth Soviet espionage
establishment.
Though 105 Soviet officials were recently ejected from
Britain because of spying activities, the chief target of the
Russian apparatus remains the U.S. There are 214 Soviet
citizens professionally employed in Washington, mostly at the
Soviet Embassy, and 419 in New York where they work at the
U.N. and for commercial organizations such as Amtorg,
Intourist and Aeroflot
U.S. officials consider that about 50' per cent of these
Russians are engaged to greater or lesser extent in espionage.
Adding in the non-working dependents of these individuals,
the total of Soviet citizens legally in the U.S. comes to about
1,250. It is taken for granted that some of the wives among
these dependents are also involved in espionage.
There are also short-term travelers, members of commercial,
cultural and even sports delegations. These, too, are considered
to have their share of spies.
"We do as a matter of common sense make certain
assumptions that Soviet officials who come to the U.S. will
attempt to take advantage of their assigned responsibilities to
undertake extracurricular activities," says State Department
spokesman Robert McCloskey. 'That being so, we will
exercise care and attempt to keep ourselves as well informed as
we possibly can about any of these activities."
Spying pays considerably more dividends for a Soviet
citizen than for his counterpart in the West. On salary alone,
the espionage agent starts his career with an advantage: he is
paid twice the wages of an engineer or a teacher and his pay is
customarily doubled and his standard of living notably
improved when he is assigned overseas.
"In the old days," says an American expert in the field,
"Soviet agents were rather forbidding characters, chosen for
ideological purity as much as for anything else. But that's been
changing. ,
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"Now they're getting a young recruit who's anxious to live
abroad and enjoy the amenities of the service life. They're
probably less dedicated to the Soviet ideology, mora
sophisticated, mora aware of what's going on in the world. In a
sense, this makes them more challenging adversaries."
These adversaries are also considerably more upwardly
mobile than Western spies. The Soviet espionage establishment
is a direct route to power in Russian life. It has huge
influence-and sometimes dominance-not only in the political
life of the country but in the army and even in important
phases of industry.
And the intelligence apparatus has first priority. Any
source, any person can be approached for aid, and it is a rare
Soviet citizen who can refuuse.
In contrast, the FBI and the CIA are frequently
rebuffed -end sometimes insulted in the process-when they
ask U.S. citizens for information about their trips abroad or
about wha they consider "anti-American" activities at home.
The present head of Soviet espionage, Yuri Andropov, was
put in as Russian ambassador to Hungary about the time of
the revolt there in the mid-'50s. His background was, it is felt,
a big help in squahing the uprising.
Andropov, 57, is a suave, seemingly casual man who speaks
fluent English and is very much at home at a diplomatic party.
Nowadays, as boss of the KGB-for Komitet Gosudarstvennoi
Besopasnosti (or State Security Committee) he supervises the
Soviet equivalents of the FBI, the CIA, the Secret Service, the
Coast Guard, the Immigration and Naturalization Service and
the Bureau of Customs.
KGB's headquarters are in offices above Moscow's infamous
Lubianka prison. It is estimated that some 300,000 Russians
are employed by the agency, though 150,000 of these are
border guards whose only assignment is to keep people from
entering or leaving the country.
Newsweek Feature Service
r.
CSL advances
equality proposal
In its final meeting this spring, the Council on Student Life
forwarded a proposal for a Committee and Judicial Board on
Equality to the chancellor with a request that it be
implemented.
It is the belief of the Council that, if accepted by the Board
of Regents as a system-wide proposal, each of the campuses
would adopt the proposal to fit its needs.
The proposal was written by an administration-appointed
committee a year ago but was never adopted. CSL student
member Mike Berns, who brought the proposal to the Council,
said it had the tentative approval of the chancellor.
The proposal charged the University with actively seeking
"to build a community in which opportunity is equalized" and
prohibits discrimination in access to participation in University
activities.
The nine-member Committee on Equality, composed of
faculty, administrators and students, would review University
operations to identify discriminatory practices. The committee
then would make recommendations to the responsible
officials. :
The Council voted to delete a provision which would have
allowed the committee "access to any and all records
necessary for carrying out such reviews and changed it to read
"any unit of the University shall provide full cooperation" to
the committee.
CSL member Harry Canon, interim assistant dean of
student development services, said acess to all records would
violate the principle of confidentiality of student records.
The five-member Judicial Board of Equality would hear
complaints from individuals who believe discrimination still
exists after action by the Committee on Equality.
The board would hold formal hearings with written records
and recognizing rights of cross-examination, presentation of
witnesses and representation by counsel.
CSl deleted as being impractical the provision which would
have required counsel provided at University expense.
The board's decision would be presented to the chancellor
for "appropriate action consistent with the order of the
board." However, CSL member John Goebel, assistant
professor of business law, said he though the Council was
creating another committee whose recommendations would
just be set aside.
The Council also accepted a report from its committee
investigating student health facilities and delayed further
action until fall. CSL passed a resolution requesting the
Regents to seek student input, perhaps from CSL's health
committee, when writing its report on system-wide health
facilities.
Since most of CSL's members will be on campus this
summer, they agreed to prepare the new disciplinary code and
procedures for immediate action by the new members next
fall.
New student CSL members chosen Wednesday are: Bill
Crom, sophomore; David Perry, freshman; Mike Berns. junior;
Chris Harper, junior; and Sherle Schweninger, junior. Student
holdovers from this year are Deb Loers, junior; and Terry
Brave, junior.
CSL members Loers, John Humlicek and Meg Hall
protested that no women or minority group students were
chosen for CSL. Humlicek called it "poor judgment," and
Loers said women and minoritv ormin immhon rf.rw.tH h,
been sought out if enough didn't sign up for interviews. J
PAGE 10
THE DAILY NEBRASKAN
FRIDAY, MAY 5,1972
