iage 4
The Daily Ncbraskan
Tuesday, September 24, 1963
A
" V .o fK l)
"' - v if. vw . . )
. v .1 1
Bwirjiinnim minii Hi i ii iiiniriiiiMiiliaiwiMMW'Si ' . Aa'ir iimr ' - n m , m r T rM " inriMTr-" - nn i Tinrnnm riiuM
enioys
"the Royal Hunt of the Sun" by Peter Shaffer will be featured in this season's Howell Theatre
1 productions. Dean Tschetter will design the masks for the show, scheduled for next May.
Campus editor finds .
ersonal interviews disclose
European youth unrest
Etsgiand
-SSSowing is a CDS article
citC European students by
Brknr-Braun, Executive
&ilbr of the University of
Mini, who visited
Ireland, Italy
Greece. France and
Bfin during the summer and
tvB- wua nunareas 01
Steals, faculty members
administrators there. The
EECles are reprinted from
ttw ."Mini by special
permission of the author.
I3CPS) Four students met
CL3 Paris corner three blocks
fwsa .the Sorbonne late in
Mgiist to talk about the
Russian invasion of
Chechoslovakia. The huddle
grew to 20 within minutes,
and only an hour later nearly
MO persons surrounding the
St. Michel fountain were
hashing over the
developments of the
preceding 24 hours and
wondering what could be done
a support of Czech freedom
A n n o u n c ements were
chalked on sidewalks and
walls as the students decided
meet for a rally at the
corner of St. Germain and St.
Michel that evening.
FOUR BLOCKS after the
demonstrators had decided to
inarch to the Russian Em
bassy, over 30 of the
d em onstrators found
themselves .staring out
through the bars of Paris
police vans.
- The march had few
repercussions outside the
Paris -student community, yet
its construction and
development make it
significant incident. Like its
big sisters, the Berkeley 1964
riot and the May-June Paris
student revolt, the Czech
demonstration in Paris began
with an overriding issue that
bad mass appeal.
Like Paris and Berkeley,
the demonstration was not
organized in a back room by
outside agitators who in turn
incited the students, but in
stead began with the students'
unrest which later was
magnified through the
Organization of experienced
student and non-student
leaders.
' The discussion at the foun
tain provided an opportunity
for the organizers, and they
quickly became the planners
and the protagonists. like
nearly every other student
demonstrations, the August
Paris inarch was neither
unplanned nor spontaneous.
After the catalyst appeared
and the rally was called,
demonstration leaders met in
a Left Bank coffee house to
determine the proper course
f actios they knew their
'decision conld e forced later
fcy series of inciting
tesecfees
at the mass
I Despita the presence of
iiiecily hundreds of
Americans and other foreign
stunts in the St. Michel
rrca (sacy of whom had
i-ca iavolved In American
jcotests of various kinds), the
!.csensiraior were fiearly all
Eueyed by a feeling of
security they derive from
beJoni"g to the group, they i
were quickly moved to action.
Foreign students were
alienated by cultural dif
ferences and the existence of
the already-established group
most of whom were Paris
students or Left Bank
dwellers whose communica
tion lines and political in
terests were strongly
established.
Among those demonstrators
(nearly all of whom were in
their late teens or early
twenties), the same
environmental factors which
motivate American students
seemed to be present. The
majority indicated by their
appearance and speech that
they came from middle-class
French families. As groups of
them spoke later, their
idealism was readily ap
parent and their anger,
distrust and frustration with
estaDiisnea politics was
quickly recognizable.
IT IS not difficult to un
derstand why these students
are participants in this type
of action. They are brought up
in homes with middle-class
values that often directly
conflict with what is, in fat,
the social norm. As children
they learn right and wrong
values, yet as they mesh into
the university community
they learn that grays fill the
spaces between the extremes.
Striving for independence,
they are again bound by a
rule -laden administrative
body that appears remote and
impersonal; none of the tac
tics that were previously
successful against parents are
now ettective, so new paths
for persuasion are found.
Bound together as a
powerful interest group, the
students are able to use their
common frustration as a
maypole to rally round.
Sometimes the purpose for
their action is muddled by the
overriding motive con
frontation with wrong, con
frontation with the establish
ment (black for liberation and
justice (white). The leaders
come from roughly the same
mold. Believing in right and
wrong largely in terms of ab
solutes, and with a powerful
need to lead and organize,
they become the forces behind
the group action.
After the confrontation with
the police, I asked several
students why they had
marched. A 20-year-old girl
told me they had hoped to
show the Russians "they had
made a mistake in
Czechoslovakia." An arrested
leader answered, "Like our
confrontation with the
University and the govern
ment last May, we marched
tonight to show our govern
ment and the Russians what
must be done about
Czechoslovakia."
A 22-year-old former
Sorbonne student who lives
near St. liermain in tne
center of the student district
explained. "They were
marching in frustration. They
were genuinely mad at an
older generation they view as
a singular entity."
Europe is divorced from
American students by an
ocean, at least six hours and
$500 or more. While the con
tinent is no more monolithic
than Berkeley is like Bob
Jones College, in the educa
tional sphere similar pro
blems haunt most European
countries.
"In Vienna and all over
Europe, the problems are the
same. University facilities
are inferior, we have no ac
cess to our professors, pro
fessorial appointments are
determined by other pro
fessors, students have no
voice in university govern
ment, course requirements
are rigid and overcrowding is
rampant," Walter
Leinmuller. a University of
Vienna student, said.
IN ADDITION to those
problems, students in Greece,
Italy, Spain and to a lesser
degree France are faced with
government interference in
their education. Spanish
students, like students in
many communist countries,
are faced with politically
censored learning ex
periences, particularly i n
history, political science and
other social science courses.
One student complainfed
that "the government
regulates our curriculum and
confines our education to such
strict guidelines the objec
tive education is possible only
in the physical sciences.
When Franco protects his
regime we get what . i s
roughly equivalent to a Com
munist line."
Dr. Papisca Antonio, "assis
tant professor of international
organization at the University
of Parma (Italy) and a
former Adlai E. Stevenson
United Nations fellow said,
"There are only two free
universities in Italy the
rest are carefully controlled
by the state. He added, "All
professorial . chairs are
political ssues in this coun
try. Professors decide who
will occupy any given chair
and they are advised by the
government as to who is ac
ceptable and who is not."
"Even admissions are
government-influenced. If an
applicant to the university is
known to be hostile to the
irovernment. he is denied en
trance even if be is superbly
qualified in every other
rrsnert. If big father has a
long record of agitation he
may be reiusea as weu, ne
said.
Prior to the May revolution
at the Sorbonne, French
students found their educa
t i o n s similarly controlled.
With the appointment o f
Edgar Faure as minister of
education, the French
academic community is hop
ing the ministry will abandon
its former role of educational
dictator and assume the role
of g o v e rnment-education
liaison as Faure has promised.
Vienna student Leinmuller's
charges reflect the problems
faced by nearly every country
on the continent. In Italy,
Antonio notes that despite the
fact that "only 10-15 percent
of my countrymen are af
forded the opportunity to at
tain a higher education,
nearly every one of our
universities i s frightfully
overcrowded."
Giusepe Delia Grotte, an
assistant professor doing
research work in Venice,
said, "In some of the larger
Italian universities like the
Universities of Rome (70,000
students) and Milan (45,000)
the conditions are so bad that
sometimes as many as 50 or
60 students have to stand in
back during lectures."
Women's
dean
MB position
After one year as national
president of Mortar Board
honorary, Assistant Dean of
Student Affairs, Helen Snyder
says her position is time con
suming, but very rewarding.
"It's a very challenging job,
as well as an opportunity to
work with leaders all across
the country," she said Tues
day. SHE HAS HELD ofice dur
ing a period when Mortar
Board chapters have begun
to emphasize service as their
main goal, she said.
She explained that
members "used to spend a
lot of time ushering and
pouring tea, but new we're
trying to get into ideas."
She said Mortar Board
chapters are encouraged to
assess needs on their cam
puses. Then, as student
leaders, they can take steps
to fill the needs, she said.
Dean Snyder pointed to
NU's Black Masque chapter
as a good example of the new
trend.
Our chapter originated a
svstem of counselors in the
dorms and filled the positions
for a year, and started a pro
gram to aid foreign students
that is now carried out by
People to People," she com
mented.
She said sponsorsing of
graduate seminars and Ivy
Day has helped the honorary
preserve i t s educational
goals.
Miss Snyder was elected to
a three-year term as presi
dent in the summer of 1967.
She served as first vice pres
ident from 1964 to 1967.
PRIOR TO serving as a
national officer, Miss Snyder
was a regional director for
nine years. She was a
member of Mortar Boards at
pleton, Wis., as an under
graduate. Her duties as national
president include calling
council meetings each sum
mer, organizing a school for
regional directors each fall,
making committee
appointments and correspon
ding with schools concerning
membership applications and
problems.
She said four new Mortar
Board Chapters will be in
stalled this year, bringing the
national total to 133. She will
attend the installations.
Rehabilitation seen as
only hope for
Continued from page 1
Guards have little training
and little patience. Many
times they are undesirables.
Salaries are poor and
anyway, nobody wants to be
a guard, Londoner pointed
out.
San Quentin was vastly
overcrowded and understaff
ed when Londoner taught
there. There were 5200 in
mates but the small number
of counselors, psychiatrists
and guards were doing a
nrettv fair job, in Londoner's
estimation.
Many prison officials,
though, could not have cared
less about rehabilitation
They wanted only to lock up
thp men and forcet tnem, ne
said.
"I DON'T mean to paint an
entirely black picture. San
Ouentin was a maximum
security prison.. The real
touch cookies were there
the rapists, murderers, rob
bers and four-time losers. But
three were some success
stories even at San Quentin,"
he said.
One inmate, was converted
to Christianity during his
stay. He became a model
prisoner and after parole,
dedicated himself .to helping
other inmates, Londoner
related.
The same man attempted
to establish a half-way house
in San Francisco. Prisoners
would live together in this
house where they could
participate in small therapy
sessions. They could hold jods
on the outside and could come
back and discuss their problems.
Londoner calls this ap
proach the most positive
rehabilitation idea yet.
Ginic to review
referee rules
Students interested in of
ficiating flag football in
tramural games this fall must
attend an official's clinic
Wednesday at 4 p.m. in the
Mens' Physical Education
Building if they did not attend
an earlier clinic.
No person is eligible to
referee football matches
unless he has attended an
official's clinic.
Flag football opened Mon
day with a six-game schedule
on the East Campus fields.
But it failed, because the
town fought it. The com
munity refused to help the
prisoners. Nevertheless, he
continued to help other in
mates in every possible way,
he said.
I never witnessed an ex
ecution, but I was close 10
them. I was there when Caroll
Chessman was murdered.
And I say murdered because
the people of C a 1 i f o r n i a
wanted him dead. Pat Brown,
then governor of the state,
was under pressure to ex
ecute Chessman," he said.
Capital punishment i s
definitely not the answer, in
Londoner's opinion. On death
row, the men are isolated,
suffering extreme punish
ment, he said. They are living
dead-men.
Statistic ally, capital
punishment has not proven to
be to be a deterrent to
murder and crime, he pointed
out. But there is no simple
answer.
Proponents of capital puni
shment have one point, Lon
doner said. Many criminals
have returned to society,
committed crimes and then
came back to prison. Society
is being hurt by this.
AT PRESENT, many peo
ple are struggling to find the
answer to this problem, Lon
doner said.
"I visited a minimum
security prison In California.
It was truly revolutionary.
There was only a barbed wire
fence surrounding it. The men
could talk with their wives.
There was a golf course. It
was like a college campus.
But the idea caused havoc
because people thought . the
state was going soft with
criminals."
Society cannot just lock a
man away for years, and do
everything for him during
those years, and then sud
denly thrust him out into
society and expect him to
fend for himself, Londoner
proclaimed.
Men could not De paroiea
without first having a job on
the outside, he continued. But
even so, the men almost
always went back to their old
ways and their old friends.
Someway, prisoners must
be edged back into society.
The halfway house idea may
be one answer, he said.
Last year, while working
for a Ph.D. at Indiana
University, Londoner taught
literacy skills at a women s
prison.
The experience was quite
different, he said. The cells
were often decorated with
curtains and pictures. In
mates had a more positive
attitude. i
Several of the women were
jJllCHJULIO
murderesses, he said, But
generally, the inmates were
not quite so hard and though
as those in San Quentin.
THE WOMEN attempted to
shine up to Londoner. They
were man hungry," he said.
I had to quit using after
shave lotion. It drove them
nuts."
I've worked with many
people in prison, men and
women, Negroes and Mex.
icans. Sometimes I looked up
their file to learn their
background and why they
were in prison. But I was
sorry I did; I tried not too.
Gradually, it didn't seem to
matter what color they were
or what they had done. They
were just people. I saw them
as people with needs,1' he
concluded.
Try Perky's
Porky
Perky's 11 &Q
432-7720
from aay pSsoto
Seniors to hear
about fellowships
Graduating seniors during
the academic year 1968-69 are
invited to attend a meeting
on Tuesday, Sept. 24 at 2:30
p.m. in Burnett 108 to hear
details concerning Fullbright
fellowships.
The campus deadline to
submit applications is Oct. 18.
Dr. Roberto Esquenazi-Mayo
will explain the program and
answer questions.
Everything for the college guy or gal
Full Drug and Cosmetic Line
Student Discounts
Juit Show Your LD.
Free Delivery 8 Times Daily
Just 4 Block South of Campus
Ruppert's Pharmacy
Lincoln's Rexall Drug Store
13th I N Streets Dial 435-2913
Z fit Jl 3 fit.
only $ff.9S4
(4.I nlv) Lu
'Send any black k white or colocj
photo (no negatives) and the nam
"Swingline'cut out from any Swinglinaj
package (or reaaonable facsimile) toa
POSTER-MART, P.O. Box 165.
Woodside, N.Y. 11377. Encloie $15S
cash, check, or money order (n
COX).'s). Add tales tax where applii
cable.
Poster rolled and mailed (poets'
paid) in sturdy tuba. Original mate
rial returned undamaged. Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Get a
Tot Staples
100 ttapM
(includinf
jLeVMT
Staptar
Dneenditionally guf nt d.
At any stationary, .Yariety , i
tone UMfrcrrv, n.v. tttoi
TO
x
mister
Dcnut'
WoiWs
tett Coffe
sm o
1 ".' ' sJtJi,
if Hi Til" sail ! ' '
11
i-.Le, n 'i':i-rJ:n.-. ill' o
1 i
A Utile Bit of Soul
iMMir I Archie Bell Dreils
"Tighten Up"
ZA-.U-,,
on
Atlantic Records
See Them at Treasure City Record Dept.
4:30-5:30 P.M. Friday, Sept. 27th
Regular 3.97 Album for 2.99 During the Appearance
Dance and Show Friday Night at Pershing Auditorium
Advance Tickets $2 at Treasure City
