Friday, October 14, 1966
The Daily Nebraskan
Page 5
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I Guatemalan Leader Killed
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Week In Keview Rebel Faction May Encounter Trouble
City, State, National World I
Omaha Cannot Annex Sarpy Ground
The Nebraska Supreme Court ruled
unanimously that the City of Omaha does
not have authority to annex territory in
Sarpy County.
The action voided a test annexation
by Omaha in 1965. The decision means
that Omaha's boundary stops at Harri
son Street, which is the county line.
Omaha City Attorney Herbert Fitle
said that Omaha had not yet decided
whether to ask the Legislature to give
the city the power to cross county lines.
The Legislative Council's committee
on annexation had withheld recommenda
tions for the 1S67 session pending the
outcome of the Omaha-Sarpy case.
The Supreme Court upheld the ear
lier ruling of Douglas County District
Judge John Burke.
The Supreme Court's opinion said the
power of annexation "must be construed
strictly" and that the Legislature has not
given Omaha specific authority to spread
into adjoining counties.
The Omaha World-Herald
Congress Hurries Anti-Riot Proposal
Congress is rushing to pass an anti
riot law despite Justice Department doubts
that it can be enforced.
The crux of the problem is how to
deal with the problem of professional agi
tators and not impinge on First Amend
ment liberties.
The Senate amended the anti-poverty
bill to withhold funds from anyone who
"incites, promotes, encourages, or carries
on a riot." The amendment is similar to
one passed earlier in the House.
Some 80 bills now before the House
Judiciary Committee promise stiff punish
ment for those who foment riots.
The most prominent bill is one spon
sored by Rep. William C. Cramer of Flor
ida. It metes out sentences of up to five
years imprisonment and-or up to $10,000
in fines. It applies equally to extremists
of the left or right wings.
But Assistant Attorney General John
Doar told the House Judiciary Commit
approves this bill or its companion ver
sions with their present wording.
"By appearing to reach too far, or by,
using vague or uncertain language in de
fining the crime sought to be punished,"
Doar told tre House Judiciary Commit
tee, "the congress can place the entire
bill in jeopardy."
The Justice Department spokesman re
minded committee members of federal
court vigilance in protecting freedom of
speech as guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.
The Justice Department stance drew
some criticism. Cramer accused Doar of
suggesting doing nothing. He contended
that "the local people are crying for
help".
Rep. Jamie L. Whitten (D) of Mis
sissippi agreed, with Cramer. He said,
"Somehow, somewhere the folks who
ought to be doing something about this
are looking the other way like the assis
tant attorney general.
Unless you change the attitude of the
Justice Department no law will be en
forced." The Christian Science Monitor
Bumper Harvest Expected In USSR
The Soviet Union is anticipating a
bumper grain harvest this year with the
Soviet statistical board claiming a har
vest of about 130 million tons.
Western experts believe that a 130
140 million-ton range is possible.
It also reported high yields from some
of the virgin-lands areas.
Western analysts believe that wheat,
most crucial of grain crops is doing very
well this year. The winter wheat harvest
came to about 30 million tons; the spring
wheat is expected to top 40 million tons.
This takes the wheat harvest well be
yond the 69 million-ton level which is be
lieved to be the Soviet Union's break-even
point the level at which it needs no im
ports. For the Breshnev-Kosygin team, the
bumper crop ensures replenishment of
Soviet grain reserves essential to the suc
cess of the agricultural reform program.
Soviet leaders are working out step-by-step
meaures to increase the fer
tility of the soil and secure high and
stable harvests'which will guarantee more
or less even gross yields.
To implement the program, Soviet
leaders have emphasized good farm man
agement and have boosted material in
centives. The Christian Science Monitor
By Cheryl Tritt
Junior Staff Writer
The Guatemalan rebel
faction may encounter in
ternal difficulties resulting
from the death of its leader
Luis Augusto Turcios Lima.
Turcios was killed in an
automobile accident outside
of Guatemala City Oct. 2.
The rebel leader is suc
ceeded by the number two
man, Cesar Montes. How
ever, there is some doubt
that Montes has the prestige
to command the loyalty of
the rebel forces, said M. C.
Meyer, assistant professor of
history.
The guerilla movement
started in Guatemala with
an unsucces.'iful attempt to
overthrow the government
of Miguel Fuentes in 1960.
Turcios was a member of
this movement but later
joined the rebel movement
of Marco Antonio Yon Sosa.
Following a disagreement
with Yon Sosa, Turcios
formed his own movement
known as the Fuerzas Ar
madas Rebeldes (FAR).
Yon Sosa's group is called
the 13th of November, which
is patterned after Fidel
Castro's 26th of July, Meyer
explained.
Of the two rebel forces
in Guatemala today, the
FAR is the stronger, Meyer
said. However, there is the
possibility that Yon Sosa
may attempt to recapture
power, now that Turcios is
Hoiberg Will
Attend Seminar
The director of commu
nity development for the
University Extension Divi
sion. Otto G. Hoiberg, is
participating in six regional
community development
seminars during October.
His appearances are spon
sored by the National Uni
versity Extension Associa
tion, the General Federation
of Women's Clubs and the
Sears-Roebuck Foundation.
The seminars are being
held on college campuses at
Syracuse, N.Y., East Lan
sing, Mich., Columbia Mo.,
Eugene, Ore., Tucson Ariz.,
and Athens, Ga.
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dead, and combine the two
rebel forces, Meyer noted.
The main purpose of the
rebel movement, Meyer
said, is to promote agrarian
reform. Rebel activity is
strongest in the rural areas,
where the farmers are be
ing persuaded to seize land
by force if reforms are not
accomplished.
In addition to organizing
peasant leagues, the FAR
is also engaging in differ
ent types of terrorism in
the cities, such as fire
bombs, breaking windows
and kidnappings.
. "The purpose of these
attacks on the city is to
embarrass the encumbent
government," Meyer said.
Meyer added that the kid
nappings serves a dual pur
pose. The rebel groups al
so have been financing their
movement for the past two
years from the ransoms ac
quired from the kidnap
pings. Two top government of
ficials, Romeo Augusto de
Leon, president of the Gua
temalan Supreme Court
and Baltasar Morales de la
Cruz, Secretary of Informa
tion in the former military
government, were released
in Sept. after four months'
captivity.
Last July the newly
elected government leader,
Julio Mendez Montenegro
declared a general amnes
try to rebels who had com
mited political crimes from
Nov. 1 1960 to July 26.
1966, if the rebels would
lay down their arms, Meyer
said.
However, Turcios refused
to comply with Monteneg
ro's offer.
In Sept. the FAR assassin
ated the former President
of the Guatemalan Con
gress, Meyer stated, to in
dicate they thought Mont
enegro was not making re
forms fast enough.
Meyer added that this
tactic was unfair because
Montenegro had been in
office for such a short time
that any far reaching pro
grams would have been impossible.
Montenegro is not only
being pressured by the reb
el faction but also by the
army, Meyer said.
The most important of
ficer in the Guatemalan
army is Enrique Peralta.
who is a former president
of the country. He opposes
any meaningful change or
reforms because he claims
they would disrupt the econ
omy and increase the pos
sibilities of a social rev
olution by radical left
groups or the communists.
Meyer explained that
Guatamala's internal polit
ical problems stem from
the country's social and ec
onomic status.
"Guatemala is one of the
most stagnant countries in
Southern Central Amer
ica, has one of the highest
illiteracy rates, one of the
lowest income per capita
and a heavy Indian popu
lation which has never been
incorporated," Meyer said.
The Alliance for Progress
was established to aid coun
tries such as Guatemala,
but with the understanding
that assistance would be
predicated on the amount of
social reform the individual
countries were accomplishing.
GULF OF
Therefore, the United
States is' more interested
with Guatemala maintain
ing a stable political gov
ernment rather than econo
mic reform, Meyer stated.
Guatemala's difficulties
are not unique. Venezuela,
Columbia, Peru and t h e
Dominican Republic have
radical leftist factions which
are demanding economic
and social reforms.
If the South American
countries are not to remain
permanently stagnated,
their only alternative is to
create a social revolution
from which a democratic
form of government emer
ges, Meyer stated.
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DR. MEYER
Photo By MUM Harm
. discusses Guatemala.
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