Tuesday, July 20, 1965
The Summer Nebraskan
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Smith
Husker
Dieting'
By Harry Argue
One might think that going
from the beef plenty football
training table to an experi
mental rice diet would be a
difficult switch.
However, Bruce Smith, 1964
football fullback and graduate
student in chemistry, says
that he has had little trouble
making the transition.
Smith is one of twelve pre
sently taking part in the food
and nutrition department's
five year study on the effect
of cereal grains. One group of
six is eating rice as the main
part of their three daily meals
for 55 days this summer.
The other six are doing the
same with algae.
Movie Time Clock
Vanity: 'Genghis Khan', 1:27,
4:05, 6:43, 9:21.
State: 'The Train', 1:00, 3:24,
6:13 9:02.
' Stuart: ''Harlow', 1:30, 4:00,
6:30, 9:00.
Nebraska: 'The Art of Love',
1:15, 3:15, 5:15, 7:15, 9:15.
84th & 0: Cartoon, 8:25, 'Cat
Ballot, 8:32, 'Behold A Pale
Horse', 10:10.
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Giant
On Rice
Smith explained that the
amount of rice they eat every
day is determined by four al
ternating consumption levels.
Those on the highest level eat
a pound of rice daily with the
lower levels taking respective
ly smaller amounts. They
stay on one level for five
days and then have blood
samples taken to determine
the changes in amino acids.
"For quantity, we get
enough to eat," Smith said. He
added that while they get no
meat or milk, they are al
lowed as many 100 calorie dry
muffins as they want. The
liquid portion of their diet con
sists of an amino acid solu
tion that "tastes like sour
lemonade" and a bottle of diet
cola.
The former Husker football
standout said he volunteered
for the program to help him
decide what he would
eventually like to do.
He added that he was most
impressed by the serious atti
tude that everyone involved
had toward the experiment.
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ROBERT MORLEY-YVONNE MITCHELL -OMAR SHARIF
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EDITOR'S NOTE: The fol
lowing story was written as
an assignment for the ad
vanced reporting class at
the School of Journalism.
The writer, Kenneth Bouc,
is completing a journalism
internship with the Oakland
Independent this summer.
By Kenneth Bouc
An historic spot that was
the religious center of the
Pawnee nation and, at o n e
time, selected as the site of
Nebraska's capital city stands
today, all but forgotten, in
northern Saunders County,
across the Platte River from
Fremont.
That spot is Pahuk, Holy
Hill of the Pawnee, a 125 foot
Bluff overlooking the Platte
near the small town of Cedar
Bluffs.
The story of Pahuk Hill and
Neapolis, the capital city that
was never built, is told in
fascinating Indian legends and
the yellowed pages of history
books of Nebraska's territori
al period.
The event that nearly
joined at Pahuk Hill the eras
of Nebraska's aboriginal past
and her future as the 36th
state occurred during the
fourth territorial legislature
held in Omaha in 1858.
"Stormy" was the mildest
word used to describe this ses
sion. After a riot on the floor
of the legislature, fist fights
between members and a flash
ing of drawn knives, the legis
lature split into two groups.
The minority group, consist
ing of delegates from Doug
las County, favored leaving
the territorial capital in
Omaha. Earlier in the session,
they threatened to block a 1 1
legislation until a bill to re
locate the capital was with
drawn. The majority of the legis
lators, consisting of out-state
delegates, seceded from the
legislature and met in Flor
ence. While meeting at Flor
ence, this quorum passed
several bills, including one to
move the capital to the town
site of Neapolis.
Later, all the actions of
the Florence session, includ
ing the relocation of the capi
tal, were declared void be
cause of the split.
While all this was happen
ing, Neapolis existed only as
plans on paper and, perhaps,
as a few markers in the wild
erness near the Pawnees'
Continued From P. 3
The inadequacy of clinical fa
cilities has been recommend
ed in every medical report.
Prompt action is needed."
Most of the buildings at the
College of Medicine are rela
tively new.
The library's 130.000 vol
umes make it one of the most
valuable and complete librar
ies in the country. Its medical
books have nearly the highest
circulation in the country.
The College of Medicine Li
HERE WE GO AGAIN FOR A THIRD
SENSATIONAL WEEK.
No MWfpkil
problems, JtMU bO(l
111) F"
messages, .
just plain J (JfjlJfl fo
straightaway If iE y-
"CQLOR I WW f
1 MICHAEL I DWAYNE
jjw nic ian i
-2ND
STEVE
V(2'V$ 5tv McQumn
Hill Was Nearly Capital Site
Pahuk Hill. These plans had
existed since 1856, when a
group of land speculators
drew up plans for the city,
including broad avenues and
streets and numerous parks
and public squares.
Neapolis never advanced
beyond the planning stage
and was soon forgotten when
Omaha and Lincoln vied for
the Capital a few years
later.
But in 1858. Pahuk Hill did
not need the white man's
capital to be famous on t h e
plains. Nebraska still belonged
largely to the red man and
Pahuk Hill was known to
many of the tribes west of
the Mississippi and was re
garded by all of them as
truly fallowed ground.
In the Pawnee religion, the
main dietv was Tirawa. Un
der Tirawa were the gods of
the heavens and the gods of
the earth, the Nahurak (ani
mals). There were five lodges of
Nahurak in Pawnee country.
Pawnee legends place one of
these lodges named La-la-wa-
koh-ti-to (dark island) in a
chamber yonder an island in
the Platte near a place tney
called "the lone tree." This
spot is a few miles from Cen
tral City.
Another, was Ah-ka-wit-akol
(white bank) under a large
white-colored cut bank on the
Loup fork, opposite the mouth
of the Cedar River.
Kitz-a-witz-uk (water on a
bank) was the only Nahurak
lodge located outside of Ne
braska. Kitz-a-witz-uk, also
called Pahowa, is a large
round hill on the Solomon
River in Kansas. According
to Pawnee legend, the Nah
urak lodge was beneath the
hill and could be reached
by diving into a large spring
at the very top of ahe hill.
The fourth Nahurak lodge
was at Pahur (hill that points
the way ) near the p r e s e n t
Kansas-Nebraska border. Pa
hur is a hard, smooth, flinty
rock jutting up out of t h e
ground. The white man gave
Pahur the name of Guide
Rock.
And ruling over all t h e s e
Nahurak lodges was the
lodge at Pahuk. Dr. A. E.
Sheldon, Secretary of the
State Historical Society in
1927, said that Pahuk Hill
was to the Pawnee what Mec
ca is to the Mohammedans
and Mt. Sinai to the Christians.
Tar East' Campus Trains Doctors, Nurses
brary not only serves t h e
University of Nebraska stu
dents, but also Creighton Uni
versity, all the doctors in the
state and many out-of-state
doctors.
Library Small
The present library is small
for the large number of peo
ple it serves. There are 85
seats. On the walls in book
cases, in the stacks one floor
down and on shelves are the
130,000 volumes. These are
iliVasff r
DRIVE-IN THEATRE
IT
uaav
BIG HIT-
McQueen
Robert Woonr Shirley
Ann Field
Dr. M. R. Gilmore, an ex
pert on Pawnee ethnology and
one-time curator of the Ne
braska State Historical Socie
ty Museum described Pahuk
Hill as follows: "From its na
ture it is unique, being dis
tinctly different from any oth
er hill in all the Pawnee
country. Pahuk stands in a
bend of the Platte River
where the stream flows from
the west in a sweep turning
abruptly toward the south
west. The head of the hill
juts out into the course of the
river like a promonotory or
headland, which is a literal
meaning of the word 'Pahuk.'
The north face of the bluff
from the water's edge to the
summit is heavily wooded.
Among the timber are many
cedar trees, so that in winter
when the deciduous trees are
bare, the bluff is dark with
the mass of evergreen cedar.
The Cedar is a sacred tree,
so its presence adds mystery
to the place."
The Nahurak council at
Pahuk met in a large cave
far under the bluff, according
to the Pawnee legends. Cap
tain Luther North, a leader
of the famous Pawnee scouts
during the Sioux wars, de
scribed the entrance of t h e
cave as he had heard it from
his scouts.
"Their (the Nahurak) home
is deep down in the hill and
tne entrance is from below
the water of the river. There
is a long tunnel to go through
before you come to the open
ing of the house and at the
door as guards are a huge
rattlesnake and a gigantic
grizzly bear. Any one enter
ing must pass between them
and if they show the least
sign of fear they would nev
er be heard from again,"
according to North. Captain
North's version of the legend
of the cave, its entrance and
the guards are verified in by
legends gathered by trained
ethnologists.
It was at the lodge at Pahuk
that the animals of the most
powerful Nahurak lodge met
to aid or harm the fortunes
of men. The Nahurak took
favored persons and taught
them the things of the medi
cine man. These men became
the great leaders of the Paw
nee nation.
These persons also learned
to live like the cunning coyote,
swim like the turtle and fly
like the eagle, according to
the legends. The eagle
seemed especially important
to the Pawnee. Several Paw
broken down to 30.000 pamph
lets, unbound issues ana
theses. 25,910 monographs
and texts and 76,730 journals.
The Library has subscrip
tions to 1,500 journals.
Mrs. Bernice Hetzner, li
brarian said, "Ours is an
outstanding medical collection,
especially because of the
long and complete runs
of journals. We have the com
plete and bound volumes of
all medical journals."
Locked in glass bookcases
are some of the prizes of the
College of Medicine ... the
ones that no one checks out,
but the ones that doctors
! around the United States re- !
quest.
The oldest book in their
possession is a wooden and
leather bound French hand
book with a metal clasp writ
ten in 1478 by Albertus Mag
nus and titled Les Admirable
Secrets d'AIbert le Grand.
The Magnus book is part
of the Charles F. and Olga
C. Moon collection on obstet
rics and gynecology given to
the College ol Medicine in
1955.
Psychiatric Institute
The Nebraska Psychiatric
Institute is controlled and op
erated jointly by the state
Board of Institutions and the
University of Nebraska. It is
a treatment and evaluation
center for the mentally ill and
the center for teaching and
research in psychiatry and
neurology.
The School of Nursing was
established in 1917, but the
current buiiding was com
pleted in 1957. .
Nursing Degree Program
The University of Nebraska
Two cnrj to (hare quiet ipaclou two
bedroom apartment at 21t and B.
fftart Aurniit 1 or after. Prefer uppttr
cIhm women to atay school year and
next summer. Bhare expenaea, eonfc
Inr and rlranlnit. Hent t: earn. Pri
vate laundry larllltlM. One block from
bur Call 477.2241 or Inquire at 1(121
N 21at upntatri.
CLASSIFIED "
m I ct the
vum" fj In.
nee legends mention the pic-"j
turesque sight of me meui
cine eagle soaring high over
Pahuk."
After the Pawnee were
moved from their Nebraska
home to a reservation in Okla
homa several ethnologists re
corded their myths and leg
ends. Though Pahuk is men
tioned in many of these leg
ends, one particular story is
dominant.
A summary of a version of
this legend recorded by Gil
more is as follows: A m a n
killed his son as a sacrifice
to Tirawa and threw the body
into the Platte. The boy's
body floated down the river
until it neared the hill called
Pahuk. Two buzzards saw the
body and decided to carry it
on their backs to the Nahurak
lodge nearby.
The messenger of the
Nahurak, the kingfisher, flew
over the hill at that time
and, seeing the boy, took pity
on him. The kingfisher en
tered the lodge and asked the
council of animals to help the
boy.
After the council had deli
berated for a long time, they
still could not decide what to
do.
So the Nahurak at Pahuk
sent the kingfisher to the oth
er lodges of Nahurak with the
problem. But at Ah-ka-wit-akol,
Kitz-a-witz-uk, La-la-wa
koh-ti-to and Pahur, the coun
cils all gave the same an
swer. "It is for the council
at Pahuk to decide."
The kingfisher then re
turned swiftly to Pahuk and
reported what had happened
at the other Nahurak lodges.
The matter was put before
the supreme council of f o u r
Nahurak chiefs at Pahuk and
they decided to let the king
fisher make the decision. The
kingfisher answered immedi
ately, saj'ing that he washed
the boy to be brought back
to life.
Then all the Nahurak gath
ered around the boy's body
at the top of the hill and
breathed on him, bringing
him back to life.
The boy stayed -with the
Nahurak from that time,
which was summer, until
that autumn. While he w a s
there the Nahurak instructed
him in the art of healing and
imparted to him all their won
derful powers.
He then returned to his
people and live a long and
School of Nursing has pio
neered the "degree program"
of nursing education in Ne
braska. Entering students must
complete one year of pre
scribed courses prior to their
work on the Omaha campus.
They come to the Medical
Center as sophomores and
take their remaining coUeg-
j.....inmmiinnmm
Summer
SpBClol
Open Bowling
3 games $1.00
Billiards
80 per hour
Vi price with date
Mmim
Games Area
niiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
OL V-a-t I m aa
useful life, gaining much
honor as one of their great
leaders. He gathered about
him wise young men and
taught them what he knew
and they, in turn, instructed
others. These mysteries and
learning and healing arts
have come down from that
long ago time to the present
among the Pawnee people.
The memory of Pahuk was
kept alive only through the
legends such as this one, as
the Pawnee repeated them on
their reservation in far-away
Oklahoma. The significance of
Pahuk Hill was also remem
bered by the original settl
ers of the area, but as they
were replaced with succeed
ing generations, the story of
the hill gradually faded.
In 1927, a committee of Dr.
Sheldon, Captain North and
several interested residents
of Dodge and Saunders Coun
ties tried to have Pahuk Hill
enshrined as an historic site.
Two years earlier, they had
brought a 110 year-old Skidi
(Wolf tribe) Pawnee chief
named White Eagle from
Oklahoma to pin-point the lo
cation of the hill. The attempt
to establish the spot as an
historic site failed, however.
Today, Pahuk Hill continues
its lonely vigil above the
Platte, unnoticed by residents
of the area. The dense growth
of trees, vines and brush on
its sheer bank facing the riv
er is cluttered with trash
thrown there by someone not
aware of the hill s signifi
cance. The stature of the hill has
suffered since the Pawnee
left. Undermined by the ac
tion of the Platte and nu
merous natural springs in its
sides, great chunks of the
bluff have dropped into the
Platte. At the top of the hill,
only a few cottonwoods and
scrubby cedar trees remain
of the forest and clearing that
formed the great council cir
cle of the Pawnee.
The only visible sign in the
area of Pahuk Hill's histori
cal significance is a s a 1 L
knee-high marker erected by
a boy scout troop in 1932.
Placed a few hundred yards
west of the hill, in the shadow
of a pair of large maple
trees in the ditch of a neg
lected dirt road, the marker
reads: "The legislature lo
cated the capital of Nebras
ka Territory at Neapolis on
this spot adjacent to Pahuk,
Holy Hill of the Pawnees in
January, 1858."
ate education in Omaha.
After successfully complet
ing their work, they are
awarded the degree of Bache
lor of Science in Nursing and
are eligible to take the exam
ination for state licensure.
The University of Nebraska
provides an education all
across the state. The College
of Medicine in Omaha is only
one campus.
nimmnnimiimimum
Recreation
Unfeo
Ext. 2458
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