YANKEE IN MEXICO
Alliance For Progress Not
Yet Failure Or Success
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Page 2
GUEST EDITORIAL:
Editorial Decision
We found the real truth in this maxim, can't please
everyone, last Tuesday morning when an irate engineer
slapped down his El Mustang on our desk and bellowed,
"Why didn't you put our article in the paper?"
When we determined the nature of his complaint, we
showed him his article on page three.
We explained how we were sorry that we could not
use pictures he had so thoughtfully submitted with the
story and that the article was placed on page three.
"But you promised us front page for that story," he
insisted, his eyes snapping with anger. "We sent it in
weeks ahead of time."
What are you some kind of aggie?" he asked, refer
ring to last issue's front page story on the Animal Hus
bandry banquet.
No, journalism," we said, smiling to ourselves.
Well, that's pretty poor journalism," he retorted, re
ferring to the third page placement of his story.
"Do you realize that our organization is the largest club
on campus, representing 300 members and some 600 in
terested students?" he demanded.
We replied that we represent over 6,000 students.
That was the last straw. Muttering some vague threat,
the big engineer stormed out of the office.
Such incidents occur over and over each quarter. Cer
tain individuals are displeased with the way El Mustang's
editors handle their news items. Invariably, these persons
feel that more play should be gh en to their functions than
to others.
Very often El Mustang gets caught in the middle.
When certain individuals tell the editor what to print,
how to display the story and which pictures to use, it
seems that they should be the ones with all the worry and
headache of putting out a good newspaper, not the editor.
Shades of Hitler, freedom of the press and Thomas
Paine, but this will never come to pass as long as we
remain in this editor's position.
We will continue to keep the readers in mind as we
determine which stories will receive preferential treat
ment and which will be relegated to third page.
We will continue to exercise an editor's perogative in
w hat will be published in El Mustang and what will not. No
other person should have the authority to dictate the con
tent of the paper.
After all, what is an editor for?
FIRETRUCK:
Discrimination Study Idea
Will Face Council Today
By Arnie Carson
For the past week ls
been fighting a battle with
myself. It has been a battle
over my personal feelings
on discrimination. It's not
that I think I could ever
condone discrimination in
any way. Rather I've spent
endless hours talking and
thinking about what I as an
interested student could do
to best achieve an end to
discriminatory practices at
the University.
There were several alter
natives. But only the one
which I have finally re
solved in my own mind is
important now. However,
deeper and even more im
portant than that has been
my personal realization of
all the aspects of the prob
lem and a satisfaction that
many people are interested
in an eventual solution to
it.
I have talked to student
leaders, faculty members,
administrators and j u 3 t
plain students. I have read
about what other campuses
are doing and have done.
Everyone has a different
answer ranging all the way
from doing nothing and fac
ing the problem as incidents
arise to taking definite rad
ical action immediately.
This afternoon, the fol
lowing motion will be pre
sented to Student Council:
Whereas student welfare
Is a vital concern of Stu
dent Council;
Whereas democratic, fair
and equal treatment of all
students is a part of stu
dent welfare, and;
Whereas discrimination
does exist in many areas of
the University of Nebraska.
Therefore be it resolved
Wednesday, March 18, 1964
that Student Council estab
lish a committee to investi
gate areas in which dis
crimination exists on this
campus and prepare a re
port for study by the Stu
dent Council evaluating the
problems and progress as
they exist.
Yes, it could be defeated,
tabled indefinitely or never
even discussed if someone
moves to object to consid
eration. But a Student Coun
cil which is truly interest
ed in serving the best in
terests of the University
and representing student
opinion could not justifiably
take those courses of action.
, If nothing else, the pro
posal would serve to enlight
en an important segment of
student leadership and en
able future Councils to in
telligently consider action
or deal with incidents
which may arise. In fact
they can take whatever ac
tion they may deem neces
sary in the fields of activi
ties, discriminatory
clauses, housing or anything
else.
But it has been my ex
perience that there can be
no harm in education or
study. In fact, there may
even be some tangible bene
fits. More than that, it would
be a case of students tak
ing an interest in solving
their own problems.
The motion does not ask
that students take a stand
before an incident occurs.
It merely asks that students
be prepared to confront the
problem when they so
choose.
That, I believe is in keep
ing with the goals and ideals
of not o n 1 y higher educa
tion, but with the goals of
an educated society.
EDITOR'S NOTE: This
is the first column this
semester from Susie Rut
ter, a student at El Colcgio
de Mexico in Mexico City
on the University's Latin
America study program.
She writes here about t h e
Alliance for Progress, i t s
goals and achievements.
By Susie Rutter
The Cuban Revolution and
Fidel Castro's rise to power
initiated a new chapter in
the history of United
States - Latin American
diplomatic relations, calling
North American attention to
the social and economic de
velopment of their southern
neighbors.
The Act of Bogota signed
in September of 1960 by the
members of the "Commit
tee of 21" of the Organiza
tion of American States for
the first time did not in
sist on private foreign cap
ital as the preferred instru
ment of financing Latin
American development but
rather agreed on the impor
tance of public investment
and funds in economic aid
social improvement p r o
grams. Three years ago, March
13, 1961, the late President
John F. Kennedy announced
his foreign aid program for
Latin America and the new
foreign policy of the United
States as a "vast coopera
tive effort, without parallel
in its magnitude and the no
bility of its purposes,, with
the end of satisfying the
needs of the people of the
Americas."
In August of the same
year the ministers of the
Latin American republics
met to formulate the prin
ciple objectives and imple
mentation of the Alliance for
Progress in Punta del Este.
Uraguay. The Charter of
Punta del Este has as its
central objective the pro
posal to increase the propor
tion of the economic devel
opment of the Latin Ameri
ican nations and raise the
standard of living of their
peoples.
The Charter foresaw dur
ing the next eighteen
months the adoption by each
country of long range de
velopment plans designed to
increase productivity, use
funds resourcefully and
raise the standard of living.
The United States promised
to provide a major part of
a minimum of 20 billion dol
lars during the next ten
years to supplement internal
funds.
Thus a climax was
reached in a long process
of evolution as the United
States accepted the concept
that the economic and so
cial development of Latin
America was the problem of
both sectors and required
mutual responsibility and
cooperation to arrive at an
acceptable solution.
Public opinion on both
sides was initially enthusi
astic to the task of fashion
ing together a new era of
social and economic prog
ress in the name of democ
racy. However, scepticism also
existed when considering the
magnitude of the area cov
ered in the Alliance and the
press questioned the local fi
nancing of the Alliance.
Three years have passed
since the policy of inter
American cooperation in
economic and social fields
was initiated by Kennedy to
prevent what might have
been a violent and bloody
revolution in Latin America.
And what of the happy
success story where all the
people have food to eat, and
money to spend, and their
children go to school and
they all live happily ever
after?
A lack of initial under
standing on the part of the
Latin American countries
and peoples as to the nature
of the Alliance may have
played an important part in
its successful execution.
They, for the most part,
failed to formulate accept
able development programs
and plans for social reforms
and then accused the United
States of "lagging" in the
distribution of the promised
funds.
Why has the Alliance
failed to transform Latin
America into prosperous
and progressive nations
overnight?
Latins give the following
reasons:
"The Alliance has con
centrated in social welfare
projects such as schools or
houses, but that adds noth
ing to our productive facili
ties." "Our social structure is
the same, we are still re
liant on the United States."
The United States coun
teracts with three main
reasons for the failure of
the hemisphere plan: be
cause the "reforms" intro
duced by the local oligarchs
are either insignificant or
fraudulent, because the
military big-wigs still stand
as a barrier to social change
and because single crop
economics and unfavorable
terms of trade still tie La
tin America in economic
knots.
In recently published re
ports of Juscelino Kubits
chek, ex-president of Bra
zil, and Alberto Lleras Ca
margo, ex-president of Co
lumbia, we see the need for
the "latinization" of the Al
liance to revive the sense of
urgency that existed at Pun
ta del Este and to prevent
the whole program from
deteriorating into a United
States aid program without
any coordinated planning.
At a meeting of the Inter
American Economic and
Social Council towards the
end of last year the recom
mendations of Kubitschck
and Camargo materialized
in a seven nation body de
signed to function as part of
the Organization of the
American States and the
IA-ECOSOC.
This seven nation group
will in essence serve as a
Latin American clearing
house for Alliance projects
and increase their participa
tion in the administration of
funds.
Thus another attempt has
been made to cure the ailing
Alliance conceived by Ken
nedy as "our common ef
fort" with Latin America to
raise the standard of living
and provide an atmosphere
of democracy for future gen
erations. Today this hope is mixed
with much disappointment
and an awareness of the
immensity of the effort. Re
sult: Alliance Without Prog
ress. The Alliance has not
served to curb Latin Amer
ica's violent revolutions nor
has it applied itself at once
to an orderly and automatic
program of reform. How
ever, if considered in its
historical background set
against four centuries of
neglect, the Alliance is def
initely a step forward in
United States-Latin Ameri
can relations.
It must also be remem
bered that its object is not
to transform Latin-America
in three or ten years into
a prosperous society but to
supply the initial mecha
nism and stimulus for fu
ture development on the
part of the Latin American
nations themselves.
In this area trouble has
come from the dominant
conservative classes whose
power would be curtailed
under the new reforms and
from the land owning aris
tocracy and business mid
dle classes who feel them
selves betrayed by the very
principles of the Alliance.
At the grass roots level
the notion of the Alliance as
a democratic social revolu
tion has not spread suffi
ciently to bring about re
forms. Latin American politi
cians say that the program
moves too slowly, without
flexibility for political sen
sibility, and along with bu
reaucratic, technical and
auditing requirements that
paralyze cooperation. Yet
privately they will admit
that much of the fault lies
with Latin America.
Regardless of the fault of
either sector, Latin Ameri
ca for expecting another
foreign aid program with no
strings attached and the
United States for believing
they could change the basic
structure of a tradition
rooted society in ten short
years; the fact remains that
with mutual understanding
and responsibility the Alli
ance for Progress can do
much to relieve the suf
ferings of thousands of La
tin American citizens and
establish conditions favor
able to democracy.
And so in three years per
haps the Alliance has not
lived up to its initial ex
pectations, but neither has
it failed completely to make
notable achievements in
economic and social re
forms. piiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiimimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiie
About Letters
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reaaers m bm n lor
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from school must comply
with specific regulations if
he does not want to fail the
courses for which he is reg
istered. They are: return all
laboratory equipment, li
brary books, keys and ROTC
uniforms; fill out withdraw
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notice from student affairs
to the registrar; and check
with instructors to insure
good standing.
IN yOlR HAIR
...GET THIS
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1 WUST CUMB IT
JOHN MORRIS, editor! ARNIE (iARSON, managing editor; SUSAN SMITH
BERGER. news editor; FRANK FARTSCH, MICK ROOD, senior staff writers;
JERRI O'NEILL, MIKE KEEOY, AL BRANDT. KA1 KOOD, junior staff writers;
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DICK, subscription manager; JOHN ZEILINGER, business manager; BILL
GUNL1CKS, BOB CUNNINGHAM. PETE LAGE, business assistant.
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