Summer Nebraskan
Tuesday, July 16, 1963
Page Two
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(Continued from page 1) -live
body meant the growth
of individuals to serve as
party leaders in the back
ground or as elected office
holders in the foreground.
This kind of leadership
involves the combined use of
the two-party system and
public office as stepping
stones to political promin
ence. A large number of the
senators were talking about
another kind of leadership.
They discussed the actual
legislative leadership which
puts programs and laws and
appropriations through a
legislature. They admitted
that under the partisan sys
tem this kind of leadership
sometimes means the es
tablishment of responsibility
through a party legislative
program. They cited, for ex
ample, the idea that cer
tain Nebraska issues, such
as taxation, education,
roads, and recreation, could
be part of a party platform
upon which partisan mem
bers were elected to a par
tisan legislture. In such a
case, these senators ex
plained, the party members
in the legislature would be
responsible for pushing
through the party platform.
In such an Instance, the
leaders basically responsible
for rallying party votes
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UNIVERSITY SOLOISTSFrom left, William Kellogg,
Beverly George, Mary Lou Hanson and Roderick Gibb.
(U of N Photo)
Union's Program
Features Soloists
Three Lincoln and one
Omaha summer sessions stu
dents will be the featured so
loists with the University's
Orchestra and Chorus at 8
p.m. Wednesday at the Ne
braska Union, as part of the
Summer Artist Series.
The soloists are "William
Kellogg, Omaha, baritone;
and Lincoln students, Beverly
George, soprano; Mary Lou
Hanson, Contralto; and Rod
erick Gibb, tenor.
The 65-piece orchestra will
"be under the direction of Ar
nold Schatz, assistant profes
sor of music at the Univer
sity. The chorus is directed
by Earl Jenkins, associate
professor of music.
The orchestra selections in
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i' I to Touch Her Heart ft J
I $T7S
1200 "0- STREET I
REGISTERED JEWELERS AMERICAN OEM SOCIETY W
opinm
would be party-picked lead
ers. However, many of Ne
braska's senators felt that
the non-part-san, one-house
system had developed an
other type of leadership in
this area of legislative lead
ership. Time after time, sen
ators referred to a "better
kind of leadership." They
explained that they meant a
kind of leadership that de
veloped on the "experience,
integrity, and natural lead
ership qualities" of an indi
vidual rather than the
choice of what many called
"party bosses." By "better"
leadership these senators
seemed to mean a kind of
independent leadership that
was better for legislation in
Nebraska. From their view
point it had little to do
with the development of
leaders to hold higher of
fice. In fact, a number of them
pointed out that, while they
favored this kind of leader
ship, they believed the sys
tem did not develop leaders
in the other sense of the
word.
No Political Followers
ONE SUMMARIZED the
viewpoint of those talking
about " 'better" leadership
when he said, "Leaders in
the Nebraska Legislature
are usually men of exper
clude the march from "Tann
hauser" Wagner, the
Dance of the Young Maidens
from "Gayne," by Khachatu
rian, selections from "After
noon of a Faun," by Debussy,
"Facade," by Walton, "Soli
loquy of a Bhiksuni," by
Wen-Chung, and "Symphony
in D Minor" by Franck.
The chorus will join the or
chestra, under the direction
of Jenkins, in a presentation
of the major work "Te
Deum," by Bruckner.
Read
NEBRASKAN
WANT ADS
Bit o
ience in the legislature
with the knowledge and
broadmindedness to t h i n k
fairly on all issues. There is
seldom a case of following
a political leader for what
ever advantages this may
warrant"
Another felt that leader
ship thrives without party
pressure. He explained,
"There is not as much
pressure put on individuals
by party leaders. Look for
examples of pressure in the
national legislature."
Several sentaros empha
sized similar beliefs. "Un
der partisanship," one said,
"leadership was generally
placed in partisan leaders
who were the mouthpieces
of their respective parties.
The party in power claimed
in effect, a mandate from
the electorate to pass leg
islation favorable to the par
ty's position. Independent
leadership is sometimes
highly desirable."
"In my opinion," one sen
ator commented, "leader
ship develops to a greater
extent in the one-house sys
tem in that in the two-house
system there exists a ma
jority leader and a minor
ity leader of each party.
This makes it more difficult
for individuals to deve lop
leadership because of t h e
tendency of the party cau
No Danger of Losing Funds
For Ag Research- Frolik
By RICHARD L. HALBERT
"We are not in any danger
of losing Federal funds be
cause of 1 a c k of matching
funds at the moment," said
Elvin F. Frolik Dean of the
College of Agriculture.
A request for $956,684 for
growth and development by
the College of Agriculture for
the 1963-64 biennium has been
cut from the University's
budget by the Nebraska Leg
islative Budget Committee.
Dean Frolik expressed dis
appointment that the Growth
and Development portion of
his budget had not been ac
cepted. "We did reasonably well on
salaries," said Frolik, "even
though they were less than
we had asked for."
The Board of Regents re
leased the following state
ment: "The budget will not allow
for dynamic leadership to
help the University meet the
future needs of the state in
basic and applied research
and in the development of ag
ricultural oriented industries.
Nor will it provide funds of
an investment nature to meet
the need of agriculture in
keeping the state's basic in
dustry comparitive with the
rest of the nation. Growth and
development programs in this
area alone totaling nearly 1
million dollars will not be pos
sible. For the past 8 years the
University of Nebraska has
had no significant state tax
funds for entering new pro
grams." The College of Agriculture
A d v i s o ry Council had ap
proved the requested budget,
said Dean Frolik. The Council
is composed of 70 outstanding
agriculural and homemaking
leaders from around the state.
quentins
A town & campus
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'O TO
n
' -sb.' f I
cus system to follow the
leadership of the majority
or minority leader."
Another senator made
this point even more point
edly when he said, "The
men with ability become
the leaders of the unicam
eral body without party in
terference and without po
litical bickering and inter
ference." A MINORITY OF 17
SENATORS took a directly
opposite view. Typical of
their comments was that of
one who said, 'There has
been no development of
leadership since the two
house syste mwent out of
existence. There is too much
individual thinking and jeal
ousy among the members,
wic'h each wanting the gov
ernor's job or some assign
ment." He emphasized his
point when he added, "No
leadership has developed
under the unicameral sys
tem." Less Responsive
A colleague, who agreed,
carried the criticism one
step further. He said, "Each
year the leadership be
comes less responsive."
One senator who was in
general agreement with the
unicameral system found
that he disagreed violently
on the point of non-partisan
Growth and Development
as submitted to the Legisla
tive Budget Committee was
to be used for:
"The College of Agriculture
staff is handicapped by a
lack of adequate support of
help at the non-protessionai
level. Too often the faculty
are forced to do such tasks
as typing, field work, labora
tory duties, and farm opera
tions because there is n o t
enough classified help to do
the work in connection with
research, extension and
teachine. Faculty people nave
no inherent objection to doing
this kind of work, however,
such kind of work can De
hired done at a considerable
lower rate than we pay facul
ty people. The faculty, m
turn, can better use then
time in actuallv teaching.
planning research, advising
with graduate students and
bring information to farmers
and homemakers."
Mead. The orderly and
planned development of t h e
University of Nebraska Field
Laboratory at Mead.
Economic Development.
Marketing and Utilization. "If
a survev were to be made
among farmers in the state
as to their number one prob
lem tbey would probably rank
in number one place the gen
eral problem of surpluses, the
low farm prices in compari
son to their expenses of oper
ation, and in general the eco
nomic problems confronting
them. We have analyzed this
nrnblem and propose to pro
vide research and education
to lead to its solution through
the following means:
increase our research and
education in rural develop
ment. More effort needs to
be directed to finding means
and showing farmers how to
adjust to the kaleidoscopic
'O OFF
n
f 1
ship and its allied develop--ment
of leadership.
"In this one respect," he
said, "I agree with the op
ponents of the system. In
my opinion, this has re
sulted in a loss of leader
ship that the partisanship
feature would probably pro
vide. Effective leadership
has not, in fact, developed
in the Unicameral ... I
think the answer is that
leadership develops better ,
in a partisan legislature.
This is, of coiu-se, based
upon the assumption that
men capable of leadership
will be elected to the Leg
islature in the first place."
At least a half-dozen of
the senators who opposed
non-partisanship because
they felt it discouraged
leadership used a similar
descriptive phrase. One put
it this way, "It ft often said
that out of 43 members
there are 43 governors.'"
Another said, "I believe
partisanship would be pre
ferable. Organization would
hew to one line of thanking
and approach. As it is now,
we have almost 43."
"EVERY ISSUE HAS 43
solutions all ignored," a
collegaue added.
Some senators agreed
that there might be 43 lead
ers, but found this an ad
vantage.
changes taking place on the
farm which, in turn, affect
the community. Rapidly oc
curring changes may result
in extensive hardships to in
dividuals and communities
unless the adjustments are
worked out on a sound and
orderly basis.
Plant Diseases and In
sects. The addition of re
search and educational facil
ities. Home Economics. In
crease staff.
Outstate Work. Expand
and add experiment stations.
Wildlife Management.
'Based on conferences with
authorities in the field, it is
felt that a satisfactory cur
riculum can be provided only
if there are specialists in the
field of game birds, including
water fowl and fish manage
ment.1' The following from a re
lease by the Legislative Budg
et Committee explains what
the College of Agriculture will
receive if the present budget
bill is passed:
"Agriculture Experiment
Stations. The budget request
was for $1.25 million, more
than is estimated to be ex
pended during the current bi
ennium. The College asked
for additional part-time and
full-time staff for a variety of
experiment station programs
and for substantial salary in
creases for all staff. The
Committee did not allow any
additional staff but provided
for 7 percent annual salary
increases for present profes
sional staff and 3.5 annual
increase for all other staff.
'The Committee also allowed
j $134,6(10 for vegetable re
search programs formerly
budgeted through the Depart
ment of Agriculture."
! "Agriculture Extension
I Service. The budget request
for this program involved ex
tension of existing activities
I and requests for substantially
: increased staff to permit ex
pansion. The Budget Commit
tee did not find the evidence
presented in support of the
(Continued on Page 4)
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"I feel that we are de
veloping leaders to a cer
tain degree," one of this
group said. "Beyond this
point, I do not feel any leg
islator should be considered
to be more influential than
any other. We are here to
consider issues and not be
blindly led by some popular
leadership."
Another legislative veter
an said that "'because of
n o n partisanship, leader-'
ship is fragmented in the
Unicameral. It is every man
for himself in the Unicam
eral. (I enjoy it for that
reason. n
This senator added that
while leadership does not
develop as well under this
system, "each legislator
thinks more independently."
As all of these senators
presented their viewpoints,
a picture or more accur
ately several pictures of
leadership in the Unicam
eral Legislature began to
emerge.
EXPERIENCED LEGIS
LATIVE observers have
said for perhaps two dec
ades that leadership in the
Univameral Legislature is
a shifting, part-time phe
nomenon. They meant that
a man might develop a fol
lowing in a certain legisla
tive area. For example, a
Otto, Burney Discuss
Non-Partisan System
By GEORGE HOAG
It has been said, and prob
ably rightly so, that leaders
develop themselves. However,
it has also been said that a
leader without somebody to
lead is a very handicapped
individual, if not an extreme
ly frustrated one.
Assuming the latter state
ment to be true, is it possible
that this situation exists in
Nebraska's Unicameral Legis
later under the non-partisan
system?
The question: Are lfliere
all chiefs and no Indians, or
vice versa, in the Unicamer
al," is not a mew one, how
ever it is an important one
and we interviewed Lieuten
ant Governor Dwight Burney
and Mr. Norman Otto, ad
ministrative assistant to the
Governor, for their opinions.
Gov. Burney gave his opin
ions as follows: We asked
Burney if the Unicameral was
literally without leadership
because of non-partisanship.
"No,." he said, "but the
leadership is split with many
different leaders for different
things.1' We then asked Gov
ernor Burney if defined lead
ership is or should be a neces
sary part of a legislative
body.
'"Yes ." he replied, As our
legislature is now it is too
divided. However, there are
people wo believe too much
power in the hands of the
executive is not good and
these people have a point that
should be considered.
Burney was then asked if
he thought the Senators have
suffered careerjwise under
the system?"
"Yes, they need the back
ing of the party to progress
up the political ladder. This
party influence is lost while
serving in the Unicameral,"
he replied.
We asked Governor Burney
if personal party feelings re
main with the Senators after
they take office and if the
political parties try to influ
ence them while they are in
office. Burney said they did,
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Lincoln, Nebr.
senator might be considered
a budgetary expert or an
agricultural expert or an
educational expert. In these
a r e a s his fellow senators
might look to him for lead
ership. Seldom, these ob
servers said, did one man de
velop as a leader in all
areas. This survey bears out
the observers' conclusions
to a degree. No other issue
brought more comment or
a wider variety of opinion.
One explained it this way:
"It develops as you go
along, as the Legislature
progresses, irrespective of
party affiliation."
Etiher System
Another senator said that
leadership could be devel
oped either under partisan
s h i p or non-partisanshoip.
However, he added, "In the
nonpolitical legislature a
"leader' may have a few
followers in a party he
may have a following."
When senators make de
cisions in a committee, they
occasionally submit two re
ports. One is called a ma
jority report and the other
a minority report Any ef
fort to summarize the opin
ions of the senators who
participated in this survey
would have to be called, on
the subject of leadership, a
summary of minority reports.
however in certain individual s
it was much stronger than
others. He also felt that un
der a partisan system his in
fluence would be much great
er and that he would be more
responsible to the legislature.
Commenting generally on
partisan versus non-partisan
systems, Burney said, "Un
der the non-partisan system
each Senator votes what he
believes," said Burney. ""Also
lobbying is more effective,"
he added.
Burney continued: Under
the partisan system more con
passed. I believe in the two
party system; when we get
away from that, it tends te
weaken the state.
Otto, in commenting on
leadership said:
"'The Nebraska legislature,
when in session, reminds me
of King on The Mountain,"
a game we used to play when
we were kids. Everyone is
trying to get on the mountain
and everyone else is trying
to get him off."
"'I dont think that leaders
are nurtured very much, let
along born in the Unicamer
al," said Otto. "A man win
rise to leadership in the leg
islature due to his natural
ability, and the unicameral
is dependent each session on
these natural leaders for its
leadership," he added.
We asked Otto if he felt
that defined leadership is or
should be a necessary part
of a legislative body. The
answer was: '"Yes, yon
should have leaders, things
would run smoother. Much
time is wasted voting down
bills and reviving them. A
great deal of confusion could
be avoided.""
Have the Senators suffered
career-wise under this sys
tem was out next question.
"I think the answer should
be yes on that," Otto said. 1
believe the record will show
that the senators havent been
very successful, after serving
in the unicameral, of moving
up the political ladder. I be
lieve a career politician could
go further, faster, if he by
passed the unicameral!"
We then asked Otto if per
sonal party feelings remain
after Senators take office -and
if the political parties tried to
influence them daring their
tenure of office.
-Tes," lie replied. "There
is partisanship to that extent
and probably always wEl be,
however, the parties havent
been very effective."
"Would your job lie easier
or more difficult under a par
tisan system?" Its difficul to
ten," he answered. "'It would
certainly effect tts because we
are in the minority party.
We then asked Otto if he
would care to comment
generally on partisan versus
non-partisan systems. ""We
favor the non-partisan sys
tem. It is my opinion that
with the small number of Sen
ators, we have a proper bal
ance of representation, and
this could not he obtaianed
with a partisan legislature.
EAST HILLS
FRIDAY, JUEY 19
2:30 -12:30
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