Summer Nebraskon
Tuesday, July 3, 1962
To
ht Those Weeds ---Know the Enemy
Page Two
Fig
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Tht battle of wee'l control
Is fosjght by everyone from
the proud lawn owner to the
largest crop farmer. Almost
wherever crops are grown,
weeds are present
To understand this battle
waged against weeds, an un
derstanding should be had of
what a weed is. Dr. Orvin C.
Burnside of the University of
Nebraska Agronomy Depart
ment labeled a weed briefly
and accurately by saying a
weed is a "plant growing out
of iIace.
From this, it can be seen
that an orchid could be
weed if it were growing where
it is not desired. Plants grow
lng ont of place compete with
the desired plants for mois
tare and plant nutrients. This
competition prevents the de
sired plant from approaching
Its potential in growth and
production.
"While weed control makes
an important contribution to
a lawn's appearance, it makes
an even more important con
tribution to the crop farmer
in the form of an increased
income.
National Income
Dr. Burnside said the aver
age national income to t h e
farmer from field crops is
reduced about 20 percent by
weeds. He said the national
average for reduction of crop
yields, even when crops are
ITS REAL
DIFFERENT!
cultivated, is 10 to 30 per
cent. 1 From this, it can be seen
that weeds are costly even
when mechanical means of
weed control are exercised.
And this is where herbicides
come into the picture.
With herbicides, we are
not always able to eliminate
the 10 to 30 percent reduction
due to weeds, but we are
able to approach this figure
and sometimes accomplish
it," Dr. Burnside explained.
The mechanical control of
weeds by cultivation can be
completely replaced by herbi
cides in row-crops planted
closely together, according to
Dr. Burnside. Production cost
are reduced because cultiva
tion is eliminated and only
one-half as much herbicide is
required, he said.
Narrow Bows
In narrow rows, he ex
plained, there is less area for
weeds to grow ana more area
occupied by the crop plants.
This wav. the crop growth
dominates weed growth earli
er: thus, it is only necessary
to control weeds for two
months. Both, less weed area
and less time required for
weed control, allow a reduced
rate of herbicide application.
No cultivation and less her
bicide are two main factors
that reduce production costs.
Undesired plants can De
treated with herbicides while
they grow among desired
plants without any harm to
the desired plants. This is
nnssible through the use of
selective herbicides. A selec
tive herbicide is lethal to one
type of plant while it is non
lethal to another type. For
example, there are her&iciaes
that will km nroaa-ieai
tiiants and do little or no
harm to grassy plants. And
conversely, there are herbi
cides that will kill grassy
plants and will not harm the
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Modern farming includes applications by spraying.
broad-leaf plants.
Dr. Burnside said 2-4-D is
a herbicide that kills broad
leaf plants growing among
grasses. On the other hand,
there is 4-(2,4-DB), a herbi
cide that kills grassy plants
growing among the broad
leaf plants.
Characteristics
Physiological characteristics
vary among different kinds of
plants and this phenomenon
is what makes selective her
bicides possible. Dr. Burn
side explained that the action
of 2-4-D on plants is not fully
understood. He said there are
many theories about how 2-4-D
causes death to a plant.
But nothing definite can be
said about the way 2-4-D kills
a plant.
He said it is known how
chemicals such as Atrazine,
Simazine, Diuron and Monu
ron kill plants. He explained
that these chemicals inhibit
the "Hill Reaction." The "Hill
Reaction" is the breaking of
water (H2o into hydrogen
atoms and oyxgen atoms. The
hydrogen is used by the plant
as a constituent of carbohy
drates. The plant without the
ability to make this conver
sion will die, Dr. Burnside
said.
In the case of 4-(2-4-DB),
plants such as legumes do
not possess the enzyme sys
tem or are inefficient in con
verting the 4-(2-4-Db) into
a lethal compound.
Dr. Burnside said that the
problem of dissipation of her
bicides in the soil is an im
portant one in which more
work needs to be done.
He explained that some
herbicide residues remain in
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Union Gallery To Exhibit Studies
the soil for as long as two
years. Land treated lor era
dication of a broad-leaf plant,
for example, could not be
used for growing a broad
leaf plant the following year.
"Now, the only solution is
to plant the same crop the
following year or summer fal
low," Dr. Burnside said. He
said finding a chemical with
a shorter residual effect
would be the answer to this
problem.
TYPEWRITERS
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323 No. 13 HE 2-5258
Fifty studies for Jose Cle- drawings actually traced on
mente Orozco's murals at the wall itself, studies for
Nebraskaii
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S cents a word: $1.00 mini
mum. Ads to be printed in
the Summer Nenraskan must
be accompanied by the name
of the person placing said
d and brought to room 306
Burnett.
Dartmouth College will be on
view in the Gallery of the Ne
braska Union from July 1 to
July 29, as part of the Uni
versity's Summer Session
Program.
Shown for the first time in
November 1961 at the Muse
um of Modern Art, New York,
the exhibition is being circu
lated by the Museum with the
aid of a grant from the CBS
Foundation Inc., the organiza
tion through which the Col
umbia Broadcasting System
makes contributions to edu-
cational and cultural institu
i tions.
The drawing?, in ink, pen
i cil, gouache and crayon, were
I selected from the collection
of the late artist's son, Cle
; mente Orozeo, by Elaine L.
i Johnson, Assistant Curator of
Drawings and Prints at The
; Museum of Modern Art.
I Commissioned by Dart
, mouth in 1932, the murals
cover 3,000 square feet of wall
space in the college library.
In two sections, one represent
each of the 14 panels of the
murals are shown.
The first half of the mural,
called "The Coming of Quet
zalcoatl", depicts the migra
tion of ancient tribes seeking
a promised land; their bar
baric culture; the develop
ment of militarism; the ar
rival of Quetzalcoatl, the leg
endary white messiah who
banished false gods and
aroused people from intel
lectual and spiritual torpor;
the golden age that followed;
and the departure of the be
trayed god. who prophesied
his return 500 years later to
destroy corrupt civilization.
Protest
The second half of the
mural, ironically called "The
Return of Quetzalcoatl," re
cords the effect of the arrival
of Cortez and his followers in
America. Remarkably, they
came at the exact time pre
dicted for Quetzalcoatl's re
turn. The final scene is a protest
against intellectual, political,
at ROYAL CLEANERS
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352 No. 27th
HE 2-1 339
ine aboriginal culture, the
other, the machine age, Oroz-iand spiritual bondage, and the
co interpreted the forces that prophecy of a future without
have molded American civil- j violence or hatred.
izatinn Although thpv ! Urozco was a leaocr in me
one theme is humanity. My
one tendency is emotion to a
maximum."
Born in Jalisco, Mexico, in
1883, Orozeo grew up in Mex
ico where he often watched
the popular printmaker, Posa
da, at work.
He began his advanced ed
ucation at the Agricultural
School at San Jacinto. In 1908,
he entered the Academy of
San Carlos, where he spent
six years. Until his death in
1949, he was exclusively a
painter and graphic artist.
He made extensive visits
to the United States where,
in addition to the Dartmouth
Frescoes, he executed murals
lor Pomona College in Clare
mont, California (1930), and
the New School for Social Re
search in New York (1931).
In 1940, he painted six mov
able, exchangeable panels for
The Museum of Modern Art.
Read Nebraskaii
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aroused controversy when
completed in 1934, the fres
coes are considered one of
the most outstanding exam
ples of mural art in this
country.
14 Panels
renaissance of modern Mexi
can painting and was active
in the revival of the ancient
art of fresco. He helped forge
this native artistic heritage
into a vital humanistic idiom.
Noted for the intense expres-
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Ranging from quick siveness of his painting, oroz
sketches to final working eu, himself, once wrote: "My
queiv
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