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About The daily Nebraskan. ([Lincoln, Neb.) 1901-current | View Entire Issue (Oct. 18, 1960)
The Nebraskan Tuesday, Oct. 181960 rage c EDITORIAL OPINION Homecoming Parade I Ail Explanation Due to a situation created by an error on the part of the editor, a harassed night news editor was forced to write a last minute editorial for Monday's paper, the subject of which was the cancellation of the traditional Homecoming parade. Unfortunately, the view expressed was not that of the editor, so to make ourselves clear 5 and avoid contradicting ourselves we would like to pre- sent our stand. I , v , - i Since there has consistently been a growing lack of Interest in the parade in recent years, and 'it has not s been the spectacle that it once might have been, we f fee it was m the best interests of the campus to cancel the parade rather than hav a flop. Rather than attributing the lack of participation in the parade to apathy and no spirit, we would place the blame, if there need be any blame placed anywhere, on the fact that students don't have the time to work on both a float and a house display. In past, it might have been possible to devote enough time to both of Siese events? However, in less than 10 years the type of house decoration and the amount of money invested in the displays have changed considerably, in that they are much more elaborate and expensive and, g therefore, require considerably more time. If students want to continue putting the energy into Homecoming that they have in the last few years, they 5 will have to forget the parade and confine their ex- pressions of spirit to house displays Neither the time nor tne money is avauaoie We don't feel the alums will be disappointed with the abolishment of the parade for this year. A poorly presented parade would have caused more criticism about spirit than none at all. If the house displays are ifv . wn and if th Huskftrs 3 Ult? vallll c Liia k ui-j i ' v wvvu - play a good game, you wont hear complaints from anybody. On The Subject Of Economic Growth nom;;Vow"UwuIlcJear mTsconcepUons In I our readers' minds about just what "economic growth" is and how much we should have. This article is as un- I biased as any we have read on the subject so far and pre- sents a very clear explanation of the issue which has been raised so often in the campaign. Nixon and Kennedy have t? on ine suojeci. iixon n5 stuu wis. c ucueve uiov S the way in which government can best promote real growth is by building a sound economic framework in which private economy can operate at maximum levels. We must never forget that growth is only one I objective of national policy, though admittedly a vitally I important one." 1 i Kennedy has said this: "Last year the United States 1 had the lowest rate of economic growth of any major industrialized society in the world . . . with a really healthy rate of growth this country can have full em- p ployment for all who want a job; ... we can pay for all the defenses ... we can afford the best schools f for our children and the best-paid and the best-trained teachers. I We are not going to take a stand one way or another at this time on the issue. By leaving your mind clear of partisanship, we hope you will be able to come to your own conclusions on the basis of what you believe is best for the economy. This is an important issue I in the campaign and it is important that as many vot- ers as possible fully understand "economic growth." g Vrf If mr I Hill VFlllliy I J By Myron Papadakis . and Bob Nye The passage of time may seem to be a never-ending affair to most students. That is, until they look into their past and try to recall events of the previous years. If they try this the events of the past may teem hazy and out of focus, for if not kept accurately they fade into obscurity. Rather than allow this to happen we are going to reminisce with you about our early years. We both attended P.S. 104 and spent our forma tive years acquiring a free and liberal public educa tion. The first grade was especially hard on us. Dur ing the time when we should have been playing in the woods, and enjoying our selves generally (for as first graders we weren't ready to accept the respon sibilities of . the grown world), we were forced in to an early maturity by a very cruel and strict teacher. She didn't want us to have any fun that was considered normal for the first graders (even though when we look back it was Daily Nebraskan SEVENTT-ONE TEARS OLD Member Associated Colleriate Press, International Press Representative: National Advertisinc Service, Incorporated Published at: Room 20, Student Union, Lincoln, Nebraska, 14th K Telephone HE 1-7831. ext. 4225, 422C 4227 Eaten M mil rim matter mt .u'- . n ifx'r iifm"u m hiiihihk imr. Fon4mr. khmAj n4 rn- 3 Sm rtas ttw trtm rmar. rrrrpt Mif nntlm mm nam prrioAi. kr ataatata M the Ctfrarattr af Mranuka aaorr aathnriwNna af tk CammHtra aa Stnarat attain aa aa examalaa af ataanil aainlxa. PaMirattoa aaatr tka JartMtlrtlaa af the Baarammfttra aa Stnotat Fu Miration aha II h fne tram 5 iHartal aanaonkla aa th aart af the nabramniH ar a thr part af aav naaa aatl tka 1'alwr.ltr Ta mraibara af tka Dally Ntarukaa ataff ara I amaaaliy rrapaaatbla far ail at tkT aar. ar ao, ar eaana l ha ariatca. rabraar. a. ism. iditoeial STAFF ra R,rh prabaar 1 STK!.:::::::::::::::::::::::" i parta Eaitar Hai Bra s At Naw Kaitar .... Onait lamtonaa 5 Cart Elltara Pat Ttraa. Am M-nrr. Arrtrkra skrllham " rnrra .......... norm nrtlty. i)av W'ahlfartk Jwaia fltaff n'rftra Viu. Rrawa. Jim M(ht Sm tailor ... y iiMitrss Awiatant Bim!nro Maaacer. Daa llaMUwa Maaiwer .V.V.V.V.V.'.1V.V.V.V.V.V.'.'.V.".'.V.V.V.'." iarl aaaaaa ior own. some of it was a bit rogue I At home, too, growth like). She wanted us to be I have its uses. It has the most mature and become fashionable, to be orderly first graders in the sure, to argue that our so whole city. I cietY has become so rich We kind of thought that 1 tlat w being tempted the pressure of public opin- I mt0. ,ot of wasteful and ion was affecting her and I ioohEh consumption. But she was swayed by the f one ?.?ed4.n?t endorse vei7 principal (a very m e a n 1 "vohty that sovereign con person) who had received! ?ume.rs m democracy some complaints about have cosen t0 engge in those naughty first graders ?? how very narrow a at , P.S. 104. Sometimes I Probl.em is new puritan it was the principal that was I iSra 18 kerned with, strict and not our teacher. The average fnmfly ir On top of the m e a n c(me in the United States teacher and the question- I W,s $6,520 in 1959. the medi able principal our class was an family income (at the plagued by a hall proctor divide between the upper fa grown man) who walked M and lower 50 percent; the tightrope between staff ws approximately $5,300. and student, good and evil These are substantia in principle (meanl and prac- comes; they support a tice I standard of living that is Another thing that was f by fsr the highest in the strange: the boys were al- world. But their recipients ways the only ones in trou- probably would be s u r ble. but we remember once prised to be told that they a naughty girl was caught f are wallowing in luxury, playing on the wrong side just as they would be sur of the recess field (with the prised to hear that they are boys and she was living on the borderline of punished. 1 indigence, as some other It seemed that we were critics of our society still always the ones who got ;eem to believe. What the caught. We were always ."igures tell us is that we (Con't on Page 4) 1 have done well: but even I I I tttr mm sfflm la Lterala. Nrfcmaka. 5 S Farrpat. Run VvaHa vlm S rat Draa I sitt Frraaaoa, hip Raklla. aoka Srtiiwarr 3 About H rttaarialra Vt MrmlHlM tram Tfclak macaamt. CaayrltM 1M by laiar M aatlaaal BtutMM Machlaei Caraara- S M , By Henry Wallich If a man set out to dis- COver the oldest, the most enjurmg characteristic of economy he might u f ?0m yVe fl well find that this char- actenstic is growth, Growth, accompanied by constant change, has been conunuou.. In the old days, people called it progress, and took j pretty much for granted. Recently, growth has be- come symbolized by the up- ward movement of the GNP (gross nati0nal p r 0- h duct we nave J? rather self-conscious about it. It can now be measured from calendar quarter to quartet and examined not once but four each year. But by watching it closely, we are in danger of repeating the experience of toe housewife and her I kettle that wouldn't boil. We are in danger of be- coming overly concerned about Sh0rt-run .fluctuat- Actualiv the rate of "ons- ACiuauy, ine raie ot growth in our economy, in spite of substantial ups and downs in the short run, has been remarkably stable I over the long run. Professor Raymond W. Goldsmith, measuring jJffSft haL "f . ! " 8rowth w" 155 """f "J " J; UhTt !?e iTzlnl ir ST. ,. , r 11 ,rom 1847 10 e present at n average 3.5 percent, J . .vi.w.. Sro1"; .th"efore' m,gnj " t0 tak " granted ""f Pf'nts did nd for- get about it. Nevertheless, we do face urgencies today that put a premium on more rapid growth. Internationally, we are compelled to complete in the production of de- fense equipment with a power taht gives military output top priority. We must provide support to our al- Jes, and we must help the less developed countries grow in freedom. We must by our performance give confidence to those who have chosen our side in the international competition. Else we may see our sup- Prters drift away and try to make their own peace with the other side. without them, we know that there is always room and need for further growth. We shall have to recognize, furthermore, that a certain amount of luxury consump- tion ome may call it waste is one of the char- aCteriSUCS 01 a free econ- omv dedicated to material , . .. . . . progress and individual Wel- 1... 1re. n But DrOgreSS has manv rfinipncionc nm. . GimenSiOnS. 50me See KS essence In more education an more research, others iB health and stronger social securitv i,iir 4U Ome tnlDK ttiat the re- hiilldinC af nnr fiHoc la o fSSCniial part Of 0 - - ........ .j .0 W l a better jjfg come want more de- fense. Each BOint of View Can find ItS justification, .Plain Talk Economic But 1 a free society going to give up creature com forts In order to pay for all this? Some of it can be done privately, some of It would have to be through government, but all would cost money. This money, If it Is to be provided at all, probably will have to come out of a rising Income. It is not likely to come out of voluntary cutbacks of other consumption. The balance of tastes, habits and i n t e r e s t s is strong in a free society. Major reallocation of re sources is not likely, bar ring a major emergency. To have more of some things we shall have to have more of all, including luxuries. That will be a large bill which can be footed ony out of vigorous growth. One further function of economic growth should not be overlooked. In American society, growth of every body's income has largely taken the place of redistri bution - of income from . "rich" to "poor." In Euro pean countries, where be fore the war economic progress had been much slower than ours, bitter class struggles developed. Redistribution soaking the rich was thought to be the only form of better ment for those who were not rich. During the 1930's, when America for a while was beset by stagnation, a similar emphasis developed here. Since the war, the rapid advance of European livinp standards has pushed socialism into the back ground; and our own growth, too, has once more served to diminish interest in such soak-the-rich solu tions to economic prob lems. If it can be agreed, then, 6,;i that vigorous growth important, what is it is that makes for growth? How has the economy grown in the past, and how can we help it grow hereafter? One aspect of growth is, of course, the rise in the number of people at work, which in turn is related to our growing population. Be cause of the rather low level of births during the 1930's and early '40's, our labor force has grown rather slowly during the 1950'.. The high birth rate of the later '40's and there after make It obvious that during the 1960's the labor force will advance more rapidly. From an a n n u a I average of about 800,000 during the 1950's, annual additions to the labor force are expected virtually to double by the end of the I960's. This fact alone promises to increase n r rate of growth in the decade ahead. To make the promise come true, however, it will be necessary, of course, for all these additional people to find jobs. While some fluctuations in the econo my are no doubt inevitable, we have learned a good oit about what can be done to minimize them. Here is an important function the government can perform : to help create a climate of stability, through its fis cal and credit policies, in ' which business can provide the jobs for a rapidly grow ing labor force. But mere numbers are not everything. The quali ty of the labor force counts heavily Today, and in the years ahead, the clearest demand is for skilled labor and for increasingly higher skills. The unskilled are less sure of finding jobs than the skilled, as an anal ysis of the unemployment figures demonstrates. Ed ucation is the key, of course, to a more highiy skilled labor force. In the last decade, we have made great strides in improving our educational system . Ten years ago, we were -Spending $9.3 billion annual ly on education. Today, these outlays have advanced to an estimated (23 billion, a rate of increase about twice as fast to the growth of GNP The number of elfi mentary and secondary school teachers has increased by about 50 per cent, their . average com pensation by about 70 per cent, an increase more rapid than that of most groups of industrial work ers. But because there are now so many more young people, further increases will be needed, particularly at the high school and col lege levels. Business can Growth share in providing more and better educational op portunities by expanding its - job training programs. The upgrading of our labor force that should result from such efforts will be a second step in attaining higher growth. Large research and de velopment expenditures arc a third step toward accel erated growth. The history of our past growth has been not so much doing more of the same, but do ing something new, or do ing the same by new and better means. Funds for re search and development, public and private, have ex panded enormously in re cent years, from $5.2 billion in 1953-54 to $12.4 billion in 1959-60, an increase of about 140 percent. More ad vanced techniques and a more highly skilled labor force will thus go hand in hand. One further ingredient needs to be added to this growth formula: more cap ital investment in business plant and equipment, in in ventories, in residen tial construction, in high ways and other public con struction. It is through in vestments like these that we can add to the tools that are needed to produce a larger GNP. New invest ment provides the oppor t u h i t y for applying the fruits of research. It sup plies the jobs that the grow ing labor force needs. It ties together and brings to fruition, in effect, all t h e other factors that contrib ute to growth. Total expenditures for private investment, includ ing replacement of worn out machinery and struc tures, have been running at an annual rate of $70-80 out of a GNP of over $500 billion. It is not easy to in crease substantially a total that Is already very large. But a good deal can never theless be done. The tax s y s t e nv is important. It should encourage saving and investment and facili tate the timely replacement of outmoded machinery. . Credit policies also have a role to play. They must be designed to avoid the dis ruptive effect of inflation and also to facilitate the free flow of funds into pro ductive uses. A wise choise among public expenditures is essential. We must hold down expenditures that con tribute little to productivity but do take away funds from more constructive public or private use. We must emphasize thos that improve our physical plant, our technology and the quality of our labor force. Finally, over-all fiscal and monetary management de signed to avoid unsustaina ble booms and wasteful re cessions is, of course, an essential condition of stable and rapid growth. Policies of these kinds hold out the promise of a higher growth rate than we have had in the past They promise no miracles. The rate of growth of the Amer ican economy, as I said earlier, has been very steady over long periods of time. WTe can improve it, but we have no reason for t h i n k i n g t hat we can change it fundamentally within the existing frame work of a free economy If we have to take stronger measures. We would have to do as we did in cwo world wars. We would re- , strict consumption, reorient the flow of production and, under government control, devote the resources tiius set free to enlarging pro ductive capacity. That is the method, in effect, that Soviet Russia is using to build up her economy at the expense of current con sumption. It is a system that requires 6trong gov ernment compulsions n 3 compatible with a free soci ety except in wartime. It would mean to buy growth at the expense of freedom. If we value freedom, we shall be well advised to avoid extreme measures not demanded by our situ ation, and to torego tiie ex tra margin of growth they might yield as the cost of this freedom. Henry C. Wallich is a member of the President's Council of Economic Ad visers and a professor of economics, Yale Univer sity, on leave. He is also author of the recently pub lished "The Cost of Freedom" Straivs in Sting American Cheeks By Eric , Sevareid London As tne British Labor Party conference ended after voting for a Neutralized Britain, the London columnist, "C a s- s a nara, wrote that "One of the uglier by-p rod ucts was the con tin jous rumble When speakers were Sevareid b!iort oi jibe, they were fairly cei tain of a growl of approval if they sneered at the Unit ed States as a grossly ma terialist society with a taste for total war." One of the ablest British correspondents in the Unit ed States informs his read ers that "The United States is just another country." An English novelist, popular in New York and Washington saloons, exclaims at Lon don dinner parties, "Amer- ' ica is finished." These are the straws in the European winds that repeatedly sting the cheeks of those Americans abroad who dwell deeply enough in : European thought and soci ety to feel the currents of change. Week after week the attitudes reflected by such remarks as these &re projected in the press are broadcasting of Britain and France, from sociological . studies to the snide pin pricks of the quick-t r i p writers who incessant ly portray America in . terms of New York's ju venile thugs, Las Vegas stripteasers, race riots and Hollywood scandal There is nothing new in all this. What is new is that this saturation has fi " n a 1 1 y produced a sea of change in the minds of mil lions of Europeans, who no longer think of America as one with them, as an in tegral part of the Western mosaic of life, the chief protector of their liberty. They now think of America as a third party, almost as alien in spirt as Russia, almost as reckless a threat to their lives. It is little wonder that Prime Minister Macmillan acts like an intermediary between East and West as often as he acts like ICA's partner indeed he wins more home applause in the former than in the latter role. It is little wonder that Charles de Gaulle can drive American bomb ers off French soil and threaten the American dominated NATO command structure while experienc ing only murmurs of spe cialized cirticism on his home grounds. And it is little wonder that Khrushchev does all in his power to make the world believe that his quar rel is with America, and America alone. It is in this sense that his barbaric propaganda onslaughts are serving his purpose, far more than is understood by those now pleased by his rebuffs at the United Na tions. He is not concerned with the waves, but with the current. When high minded Englishmen tell their people that "America is finished" or that "Amer ica is just another coun I37HM f 1 V I the W inds try," they mean that the American dream has died, that the vision and pronv ise of the new world have withered away, that Amer ica is no longer the haven of the poor, the strong and simple defender of the op pressed abroad or even at home, that we have run our course and are no long er the last, best hope of man. This Is what they truly believe, and so one con stantly buffeted by this cur rent is astounded to hear , Vice President Nixon pro claim that American pies tige in the world "Has nev er stool so high." An af fronted American can tell himself that "gross ma terialism" has taken full possession of nearly every European society, that the beginning and the end of British foreign and domes tic policy often seems to bo the preservation of its pres ent affluence, that the French are profoundly ma terialistic in spirit, that the Germans are in full lust for the fleshpots of affluence, that every contemporary American curse from ju venile thuggery to sex mag azines afflicts Europe, too, from Athens to Oslo. One can tell himself all this, but it is not enough. An American must believe that new springs are coil ing within his country, that strong voices are at hand to declare again the etern al meaning of the freest, best-hearted and most ex citing human experience on this earth and to make the message convice those wha were once convinced. He must believe with one rare and lonely British writer, Peregrine Wrosthorne, that an American cycle, not of - smug complacency but of incubation, is now ending and that history will see President Eisenhower "as the model broody hen, sit ting patiently, vacantly, but nevertheless indispensably on the eggs which are now about to be hatched." An American wants to be able to remind European critics that the time Wal pole said, "Europe is fin ished! When Voltaire dies, we may say goodnight" that, at the time he said that, Europe was about to enter upon its greatest flow ering in power, in the aris, in the humanitarian con cerns of man to man. Dw. 19M. Hall SjiKlicate. ine. Seacresl Fund Receives Gift The Seacresl Loan Fund' has received a second gift of $8,000 from the J. C. Seacrest Trust, according to Perry W. Branch, director-secretary of the University Foundation. The loan fund was estab lished through the foundation last year by Joe W. and Fred S. Seacrest, trustees of their late father's trust. The student loan fund will be used to supply bans for juniors, seniors and graduate students who are residents of Nebraska, have good moral character, have proven abil ity in their fields and are worthy of financial assistance. The loans will not exceed $400 in any single year or $800 to any one individual. The selection of the recipients will be approved by the Gen eral Student Loan Committee of the University. rf"-. i 1 1 i r i 1 1 1