Image provided by: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries, Lincoln, NE
About The daily Nebraskan. ([Lincoln, Neb.) 1901-current | View Entire Issue (May 19, 1953)
Tuesday, Moy 19, 195? Poe 2 THE DAILY NEBRASKAN JustB etvjeen Us Q By DON PIEPER it enjoys complete freedom from editorial cen- . Editor sorship on the part of the Pub Board, or any mem Saturday after more than a year to consider ber of the Board. We are personally responsible the matter the Board of Student publications de- for what we say, or do, or cause to be printed and cided to cut The Daily Nebraskan to three days a that is the way it should be on a student publica- week. Severe salary and staff cuts were also tion. , made. The reasons, the Board said, were economic. I do not feel that, just because we were granted The Nebraskan just hasn't been making money. a subsidy, the administration would feel obliged Nevertheless, a three-day-a-week student news- to come to our offices and dictate Daily Ne- paper is an insult to the students, the members of braskan policy. It depends, to some extent, on the faculty and the people of the state of Ne- the feelings of the new Chancellor on this sub- braska. Student opinion needs to have a loud and ject. But, if he tried to change The Nebraskan's , consistent voice. The members of this staff, just tradition of press freedom, he would have a real as every staff which preceeded us, has made mis- fight on his hands. The members of the staff are takes. Without a doubt there will be mistakes genuinely proud of this tradition and would de- made by the students which run the paper in years fend it at all costs. And there are many on the to come. . faculty who would join them in this fight And, unfortunate and unpleasant as mistakes I believe, then, that a subsidy agreement could are, those mistakes have been made in the students' have been worked out, and I believe that such an struggle to express themselves. There must be a agreement would not have to include editorial , channel through which student? may put their censorship or guidance. Why wasn't this agree- oplnions both in editorial and letter columns ment made? Certainly the problem is not a before their fellow students, the members of the new one. Certainly the members of the Pub Board faculty and the administration. knew long ago that they would have to face this fr uncomfortable economic situation. The Board had The number of Issues per week was sliced worked on having the paper printed in West Stad for economic reasons. If one maintains that the lum but this was found unfeasible. The only other student newspaper must be run on a completely ideas the Board has considered concern staff, sal-self-supporting basis some drastic action had to ary and publication cuts. be taken. As it is set up now, it is impossible to A few days ago at the end of this semester make the financial ends meet. three students decided that something must be done This is an entirely student-run paper and stu- about this situation and they approached the Chan dents, unfortunately, do not have the time to soli- cellor. They went as students nothing more or cit enough' advertising to pay inflationary bills, less even thought they represented both the Pub They don't, at any rate, under the present set-up. Board and The Nebraskan. They told Dr. Gus the Because the amount of space available for ad- situation. Dr. Gus didn't like it any better than vertising is reasonably static (there must be some they did. space left for news), it would be difficult to in- The visit with the Chancellor produced the ad crease advertising revenue even if solicitors had ministration offer of $2,000 which was presented more time to solicit. informally to the Board Thursday and formally jf presented and rejected Saturday. The offer was Although tuitions could be increased so that coupled with the requirements that The Nebraskan each student could pay more for his automatic remain a seven-colum four-day-a-week student, subscription to the paper, it is not wise to push this newspaper. The Board felt, however, that even aspect too far. Therefore, it appears that the fi- with the $2,000 subsidy, it would not be possible xiancial status of the paper is reasonably static. for The Nebraskan to make money as a full-size Unless the administration should donate some paper coming out four times a week, money a subsidy. Therefore, the cuts. At first glance, a subsidy looks like a dirty -A- i word. It involves, many critics maintain, com- But, if the Chancellor had been contacted ear plete or at least, partial editorial control. But, lier, I am sure that something could have been one must remember that The Daily Nebraskan is done, to maintain the student paper at its present already available for complete or partial adminis- size and frequency of circulation, tration control just because it is a student organi- Pub Board members feel that the cuts are un- zation existing under the jurisdiction of the Uni- fortunate but necessary. If one believes that sub- versity. sidies are bad, the cuts are necessary. Even so, I'he Nebraskan is everlastingly thankful that they are unfortunate. i WORLD REPORT By PAUL MEANS Staff Writer TODAY'S HEADINES , . . Sen Taft (R-O) says that the excess profits tax in all probability will be continued temporarily to pro vide revenue needed toward bud get balancing. . . Fewer than half the young Americans intellectually fitted for college education get one, the Na tional Manpower Council has re ported and for each who acquires a Ph.D. there are 25 or more who could . . . William Oatis returned to the United States and his wife's arms Monday from more than two years in prison behind the Communist iron Curtain . . . Here's Why GOP Is Now Optimistic (KIUTOR'g NOTKl Tae following arttel br Marault Chlldi k rt-trlni4 Iron Um Clrolaad Vnm.) WASHINGTON The rash of appraisals of the first hundred days of the Eisenhower Adminis tration largely ignore the stand ing in practical politics of the Re publican Party and the new Ad ministration in the initial trial of power and responsibility. Most of the evidence shows that President Eisenhower's popularity has held up. While the farmers are not altogether happy, they have been prosperous for a Jong time and they are taking a wait- and-see attitude. The conflict over dismissal of rareer officers has stirred Washington where there is awareness of what this can mean. But the effect In the country is believed to be rela tively minor. so the Republican goose, in the This mjppV is ihi hi? wind-un k ictincmicrinri enrv v'f " "ni;ui-"; r u rtU" the last round or classes, tne Jast;jce emblem. minitaiaiion, bum nangs mgn. big Union function, the last time ins jiioii-imiumg prospect is for tnjs c0lumn. lIJClKZe tl The Union's salute to the year's worry about '54 or '56, the practi cal boys are saying, IT'S THE RULE "Boy, what some of these frat men won't try just to see Oi' inside of a sorority house." Union Cues hnquet To Conclude Year's Union Events Mary Ann Hansen NEBRASKAN EDITORIALS 'Halt Of Those Fitted1 You students reading this represent only half students are permitted to pursue graduate work of the American young people fitted for a college prior to their military service." education. At least the National Manpower Coun- The Daily Nebraskan has been emphasizing the cil pointed out in a recent comprehensive report worth of educational deferments for several years, that only half of the young Americans intellectually This paper has long held that it is vital for this fitted for a college education get one. nation to increase its intelligensia because the And this is leading to unfortunate circum- modern world is based upon the trained mind, stances. , v All of you young men thinking about joining up There just aren't enough scientists, engineers, before graduation, think aagin. D.P. school teachers and some kinds of physicians. Somehow, the Manpower Council report empha sized, this shortage must be overcome. In a hurry. A condition, however, is at tached to this optimism. The present prosperity must be sustained at or near the pres ent level. And this means that the rush in Congress to cut back military and other expenditures must be curbed. O lend will be the Union banquet Tuesday night at 6:15 in the Ball room. The umpteenth annual event will honor this year's workers and install next year's. Besides the Union Board and workers, a num ber of faculty and administration members will be present. Jack Greer, retiring Board president, will install the new of With that condition met, this ficers. and sDecial awards will be early Republican morning has a j presented to outstanding workers. First Are First The Council listed these specific recommenda tions for improving the supply of scientific and pro fessional manpower: rosy look. There are those among tne dozen or so most-influential men in the GOP who are confi dent of a long and brilliant day to come. They base their confidence in part on a kind of pax republi-canus. The outward token of the pact was the agreement to name Leo nard Hall as chairman of the Re publican National Committee. It was taken as verification that Sen. Robert A. Taft meant to give his all to the success of the Administration. What Taft has made plain in the inner circle is that he really meant it when he said last year that if he failed to get the presi dential nomination, he would never again try for the presi dency. Within the framework of the pax republicans Senator Joseph The old Board members will re ceive keys, and one person, ex- Bob LaShelle, past activities chairman, will present the year's activities in review. During the banquet, LaShelle' will receive a special award honoring his four years of out standing Union work. In the last two years he has won the service awards usually given. Thus a new award was created in recognition of his continuous service. Although the work of the Union committees will be finished and the faces of most of this semester's workers will have disappeared, Union activities will carry on ceptional in Union activities, wili;thro.uehou.;u the summer school NUBB TUESDAY, Student Union Board of Mana gers meeting at 5 p.m. in the Faculty Lounge, Union. Adelphi meeting at 6:30 p.m. in the Faculty Lounge, Union. Rush Week Regulations Are Definer By KAY NOSKY Staff Writer With school nearly over, soror ities and fraternities have been making tentative plans for Rush Week, the first major- event o& campus next year. Following Rush Week list year. several fraternities were fined for violating Interfraternity Council rushing rules. The purpose of this column is to review briefly soma of the rules set down by the In terfraternity Council and Panhel- lenic. In case of fraternities, no rushee may in any way accept or wear a pledge button until he is duly pledged by a fraternity during a rushing party or from 9 a.m. to noon the day following rush week. All sorority bidding Is done through the Panhellcnle office. No sorority may extend Wda to girls before the dale set. All rushers are required to keep dates which they have registered. Fraternity rushees may break; dates following their first data with each fraternity with which he has dates registered. No fraternity man may com municate with rushee- other than by phone, except during "rush parties. Sororities are to avoid commu nication of any kind with rushees during rush week. No flowers can be sent to rushees or any similar attention paid to thm. Spiking, defined by ranhel lenic as persistant persuasion on the part of a sorority (or fra ternity) to secure from a riuhee some commitment of prrferencs for Its gronp, Is prohibited, by both Panhellenic and the Inter fraternity Council. No rushce may remain in any fraternity or sorority house at any time other than during rushing oarties. Interfraternity rules state that a rushee shall not use a fra ternity house as his place of resi dence during rush week, or tha preceding two weeks. Sororities may not rush pros- f ) pective members at any time dur ing the summer. They may send one letter and one pamphlet to eacn gin on inetr ruan ui tween June 15 and August 29. These may not be sent special de livery. The Interfraternity Council re cently decided to eliminate open 0 available for hot weather students, house, which was previously held An nrien house June 12 willlauneh the first day of fraternity rush At last justice triumphs. Having been penalized all year, the student who has carried heavy scholastic loads during his col- McCarthy of Wisconsin has his lege semesters at last has received a little of the;Plac; j crem userwness m the congressional campaign next the summer schedule, followed bjr a square dance June 15. Regular events will include a summer series featuring local and outside talent every Wednesday night, and bridge lessons given by Jim Porter every Wednesday aft ernoon. A discussion series, "What T 1 , IT,. t : j ,, : n ... ,ft vt iriK "ve Thursday afternoons for in health problems. The craft shop activities will 1. Creation of a presidential commission "to glory he deserves. review the impact of governmental research and First, the student with more credit hours than development contracts" tipon colleges and univer- his regular classmates was listed in the honor roll ities. in the wrong class. If he surpassed the 52-hour 2. Increased financial support for colleges and limit on sophomores,-he was ranked among the universities by state and local governments, alumni, juniors. If he had gone over the 88-hour junior business, labor "and other interested groups." maximum, he was labeled a senior. 3. Continued public support of "the present pro- Second, the overrated juniors were expected to gram of deferring qualified students in order to sit on the stage during the honors convocation enable them to continue their education before in cap and gown. j they discharge their obligation to military serv- Third, the hour-carrying sophomores were the greatest assets in our nartv?" ice . . forced to vote for senior class officers, while the! . .s is Pliucs ot a hard-boiled A A nvAa4aTi f-1 M4.. 4a JnJ..mr DO -.1... J 4U. .i.U. . - s IkinQ. Iuu.. u. lJ . IO tlJ Villi year, when such liberal Demo crats as Senators Humphrey, Murray, Douglas and Neely are up, has been urged on the President as sufficient reason for keeping a public semblance of peace with McCarthy. To a long-time friend who had attacked the Wisconsin senator, Taft put it this way: "Don't you know that Joe McCarthy is one of except in cases of hardship, as a ground for de- class officers. ferment in order to insure that postponement of X service does not turn into exemption." But this week the martyrs got their revenge. 4c When it came time to register, students with 5. A directive that the various armed forces greater hours were accepted into the assignment "provide sufficient flexibility in their policies gov- committee before their vote-possessing peers. erning the calling to active duty of students en- The worm had turned. And the 88-plusers rolled in ROTC programs so that the well-trained turned to sneer at their "normal" friends. K.R. Yesteryear HtNU ... 6:30 p.m. in room, Union. Union Worker's smoker at 7:30 p.m. in room 315, Union. Kosmet Klub Fraternity rep resentatives for fall revue meet ing at 8 p.m. in room 315, Union. Sinfonia rehearsal at 4 p.m. in the Ballroom, Union. Union Board Annual Dinner at 4 p.m. in the Main Dining Room, Union. Eta Kappa Nu Luncheon at 12 p.m. in parlor X, Union. Adelphi Dinner at 6:15 p.m. in parlor X, Union. be continued, meeting Tuesday afternoons and Thursday eve nings. Although many types of craft work are offered, the em phasis will be on leather tooling. To attempt to review all the Union activities of the past year would be a big undertaking, but some of the highlights might be mentioned. Big production" events, which week. Sororities cannot sect courtesy bids to any rushee. All rushinf parties must be given at tha sor ority house. Rushing expense must not exceed $275. MIAMI O nearly all the committees worked Gamma Lambda . Luncheon at to put over, took the spotlight 12 p.m. in parlor Z, Union. four times the Longines Sym- School Administration Dinner at phonette, the Biggest Show of '52, 6:15 p.m. in parlor Z, Union. Inter-Varsity meeting at 12:30 p.m. in room 313, Union. Corn Cobs meeting at 5 p.m. in room 313, Union. Alpha Lambda Delta meeting at 4 p.m. in .room 315, Union. Kosmet Klub workers' smoker at 7:30 p.m. in room 315, Union. Kappa Epsiion meeting at 5 p.m. solidated in kev states, rtntahlv New York and California, and the'in room 316 Union. Democratic organization is still deteriorating in these same key centers. No wonder Republicans are optimistic. WORDS OF WISDOM . . . Patriotism is taking your hand from around your girl to clap for the ROTC as it marches by. the Vaughn Monroe Show and Fred Waring and his Pennsylvan ians. Regularly scheduled events as weekly dances, convocations, a seminar group, teas, music events, a talent show, and Sunday night movies gave continuous enjoy ment throughout the year. Annual and monthly events and parties, weekly programs, special programs, instructional series tournaments, clubs and a variety of services rounded out the busy program and brought to a clcse another school year. Q SECOND PLACE doni By DICK RALSTON est idea what Communism is. . . Staff Writer "Therefore The Nebraskan has little to say The. 1933 Nebraskan was continually cam- about the foolish charges either that Communism palgning against compulsory military training for i rampant in the faculty and at the University college students. "We have always felt that be- s Mr. Armstrong claims, or that at least one stu- sides being morally objectionable, it would be dent is having 'all his expenses paid direct from that the intense struggle for and difficult to prove that this expenditure of the fed- Moscow,' according to Mr. Armstrong, or that; against freedom, of which we read eral government brings any real return for the every idea of pacifism is inspired by Russian money spent," said one editorial writer. propaganda and paid for out of Mr. Stalin's treas- It is not surprising, therefore, that the follow- ury . . . It is entirely probable . . . that Mr. Arm strong knows a lot more about the number of Communist conversions which are being made on the campus every day than does The Daily Ne- (KDFTOR'S NOTKi The fxllo-bw (rtkU kr Klrlui Ktltoa ClemM. X Krmnkll. mod Marshall Collwa. Lananler. P.. wn Mcond plact la as nny emitrttf on aead-mtc fracdoia. aoMorxl br tb Katlmai Ao cialtoa of Jewisa Waaua.) . . . We lose a sense of calm- jness if we countenance the idea is a in lng editorial came into existence. "The agitation against military training colleges and high schools is a part of the general braskan . . . Since he is so sure of all these vicious Communist agitation,' said Robert M. Armstrong, practices being carried on at this institution, we state commander of the American Legion, in an shall not gainsay bim. address before the Omaha Kiwanis club Friday. . . "But if it will cheer Mr. Armstrong and his "If The Nebraskan thought that any of the patriotic followers any, The Daily Nebraskan can people who believe this sort of tripe could be con- honorably say that it has never been given a vinced of its absurdity, we should attempt to ar- Russian rouple. In view of the struggle which gue against it. But the task is a hopeless one. The Nebraskan is having to make both ends meet Tacking the Communist label on -anyone or any this year, however, we shall not promise that if idea damns it hopelessly in the minds of a large Joseph Stalin should send us enough rouples, we number of people, most of whom haven't the faint- shouldn't take them. Tho Daily Nebraskan FIFTY-FUST YEAR Member: Associated Collegiate Press Intercollegiate Press Advertising Eepresentattve: Nations! Advertising Service. Inc. 429 Madison Ave, New Tor 17. New ion Tka Pftitf KctaMhaa b ankffeat kr On emu at SM I'aa- mnt MelmaV a mmwt f ataaVtHH am an aalntiiaa mtif. AacaraMt M tl af Ika fcr-Lawi tmarwina axwleal .,iilr!ioM and aatm(nirtd fcf dw Umn4 af Paitlltatiaaa. "II hi i- awr aHo ai la Sow Out aartteaMeas aadar k n -i.-i Mit h trea tnm aauartal taiwitu aa Sw pari at la 't a h ai aari at aai mnaltu at Ot tseaitr af taa t.wt(, tnm tat nwmatra nf MT at f Dattr Ba knua r aermwtlf naWHtiiul lot araat lbF at t .: ta fee maarrw-.toa rua m Hi Mawmiw, tt-t amPtl ar SS tha atl't ?Mtr, St arauiaa. Stasia aaar ia. faaUaaadj 4UU ei'.iH Haiunlar. Soadar. Monday, VBeatiaa aoS JULailmfciloa aa rtx. ma ttao aaMlsbrd dartaf AagaM aaaa jraar af tta) l.fwi 0f ebrxjua nwlff tta) aonervtahui af Ida CoaaaNt f an Mvi'iiit !-nti:!?!.ln. Entered aa mm4 rlMa ana-tar at kba f"wt l.'-a a Unmln. NakrtMka, aadar act at Caitfr-aa, Mama" S. ., at mtrM rata af amt ravM4 far ia Strfca It. i4 at CNpaa at UcwW a. lull, avsaaraat Sajaaaaaar la, IMS. EDiToaui, MTarv FMtot ...... , Oaa Mrpaa .S.4 m luaf RdinwtBl Pa Kdnar Manasina Mttat Copy agitata.... dauy in our newspapers, unique situation . . . . . . Those who would teach anen to think for themselves seem always to be confronted by those who preach the same old gospel that "an undisturbed life is worth everything." ... ... The United States, hav ing fought two world wars in a single generation, conscious of the seemingly uncontrollable terror she has unleashed iu the atom bomb, tired and tense from some vague kind of "battle for men's minds" called the cold war, startled by "disclosures" of spies eome real and some not so real and despairing from the tragedy of Korea, Is probably more susceptible to attacks on individual liberty, more ripe for hysteria than any nation in his tory. It is in such a context that we must view the plight of academic freedom today the loyalty oaths in three-fourths of our states, the dismissals ot able teachers on the basis of guilt by association, the Awt Sawn Eittm Ftatara fcdttar ......a- KtB RyrtPMit .iw wwr. -a. Tri!rriSS:attenipts of legislatures and nu atarura tnm. Nam oamunar merous private "committees" and "aaaa neaMai,'nr,1inniictt oaneni1 tovtlvinlrB nnrl loyal, one-h u n d r e d-p e r-c e n t the critical examination of subse American or dirty Communist" Since the failure of the House Un-American Activities Com mittee in its attempt, in June 1949, to censor textbooks used in colleges and universities, the surveillance of education has become a prized province of the legislatures, and those state supported institutions which struggle under the power of the purse and the investigating power of state legislators, have become the most Vulnerable to attacks upon academic freedom. It is here we most need to fear that stultifying "kind of natural quent knowledge, gleaned from every possible quarter of human experience . . . . . . Unman personality is the highest value which we are given to know In this universe; ultimately, then,' all human en deavor and all Institutions must receive their final evaluation and justification by the degree to which they satisfy the needs and fulfill the capacities of hu man personality. The dynamic theory has pro. duced in the field of natural science almost inexhaustible stores of knowledge which have been selection by which the safe, the used, to a small extent, for the timid, the orthodox or the man- ummaie ena, numan weuare Vi Me Caftar RKPOKTZKS Martaaa Ranana, Kar- Notkr, Cynthia Hmdcrann, Martini Hattaa, WUUa DmoIi. Marilyn MlUibdi, Btk Robwer, Graoe Harvey. Don HUkemrtrr. Nancy Odiim, Marrla Mlekelurn, Nata lia Katt. Klalne Smlthb-rtar, PhylHa Hanhberrer, Dorl Ahl tekwrd. Runry Bano, Krnta Enfca, ITank Srobnda, I)aa Jaekann, Ona Khaftna, Soger Wait, Dick lUdleeek, J tin Purrtifc w Martin Urea. U'MAESa STAPV Bertaria Maaaaar AranM Stara Awl HmttMtm Maaaaan U4 an Curaiatmi Mamma- Pat ftenaaan. taa Stan Aid hi nw kWuar.... ..Aaaejr tiardiiwr destroy character, the sinister at tempts to engender mass distrust of the "intellectuals" by branding them as "pink" or subversive." j . . . We are fast approaching in the realm of education a point which. I fear, we have already reached in other realms of our na tional life, a situation aptly de scribed by Francis Biddle as "the new and simplified world" where "all is black or white, loyal or dis- ferent survive." In small private colleges, usually dependent for funds on business interests or small groups of influential alumni, the power of the purse can also become the power to stifle free thought. i The bulwarks of academic free dom, from which must come the inspiration in the'struggle, are the large, heavily-endowed private in stitutions with strong traditions of freedom based on financial se curity and pride in intellectual achievement . . . Obviously academic free dom Is a necessity for guarding the integrity of the teaching pro fession just as codes of practice are necessary in any profession to insure its integrity and to sepa rate legitimate practice from quackery ... . . . The justification of acade mic freedom rests on what we may call a dynamic theory of truth, in which truth is not a product but a process. By what ever method knowledge is ob tained, sense experience, reason, intuition, it must be subjected to Their full utilization is prevented only by the backwardness of those areas of knowledge which deal with human relations, areas in which the dynamic theory has not yet come Into vogue. It is an ironical fact that in these very areas, the fields we call the humanities and social sciences ethics, literature, history, polit ical science, economics, sociology, psychology, where the problems are the most complex and the most vital, where "facts" are scarce and all -statements indeed hypothetical, where freedom of inquiry and discussion m most necessary, academic freedom is in the most precarious situation, pre cisely because, in these areas, not only men's beliefs are at stake, but their emotions and often their pocketbooks. He who would limit academic freedom is thus acting in the same maner as one who would have at tempted to stop the study of phy sics with the conclusions of Galileo or the study of biology with the observations of Aristotle . . . . . . Many of the "self-ap- Can Youth Pan B Face The Future? (From the Miami University Hurricane) The future has always beeaj man's salvation. If the past ia dreary and the present is dark, he can always turn an eye toward the things-to-be and plan, or dream, of better days ahead. The college student who work! and struggles to give himself an education has always solved his troubles with thoughts of the fu ture; thoughts that foretell a job, marriage, a home and a reason able amount of security. But what is the future of today's student, ss he fights tm keep his head above the col. lege whirlpool? Can he plaa for better days? Can he care fully map his future, with se curity as a focal point? The answer is simple. Today's youth is not even given th chance to plan. Youth faces uncertain terms or. military service, the hell of war and always death lies in the background, despair lies jus around the corner. Youth shakes off its frustrations by living with a devil-may-care frenzy, by try ing to wrench happiness out of every minute. Youth refuses to admit defeat But what is it they are looking for? The answer to that ques tion is uncertain. But whether they find it depends upon the caliber of today's youth. Youth has always been accused of being the unstable portion f society. The present uncertain state of affairs is forcing age upon us faster than the usual job of time. We are hurrying toward a void. The future isn't rosy. We're walking right into it. n will soon, too soon, be our proD lem. Can we face up to it? Fraternity man: "Boy, was th Plamor crowded last night" Brother: "Why, what .hap pened?" Fraternity man: "I scratched mf leg, and three girls slapped me." Nellie the laundress felt hurt. As she labored and washed out the shirt, By the time it was starched, n. Poor Nellie was parched J) So she quit and got stiff af. th shirt. pointed thought police" who at tack academic freedom act en tirely out of regard for their own economic interest. Many however, have a genuine con cern for the security of our na tion In this time of international crisis. What such nersons do not real ize is that they, like their avowed enemies, work on the assumption that the democratic way of life really is inferior to, say, the Com munist state. For only on such an assumption could free inquiry, free discussion, and complete knowledge of alternative wan of fi life be regarded as a threat to our V' nation's secu: Ity . . . r ", an- nmywii a.'ir.-y,ty'
