PAGE 4
THE DAILY NEBRASKAN
Monday, November 13, 1950
Convo Speaker Interprets Africa;
Recalls Unjust Treatment of Natives
Students Hear
Experiences of
Bourke-White
"We are a symbol in the eyes
of the world; It is important for
other nations to have confidence
in us and follow our leadership,"
said Margaret Bourke-White in
a convocation Friday in the Un
ion ballroom.
"African Odessy" was the topic
the internationally known photo
grapher chose for her address,
Having just completed an assign
ment in Africa for "Life" maga
sine, the speaker interpreted her
xpenences for the audience.
She spoke extensively on con
ditions under which the black
people exist.
"Only men with white skins
have freedom of movement," she
oeciared.
Holds Press Conference
In a press conference before
her address, Miss Bourke-White
told reporters that the blacks
are required to carry from one to
eight passes at all times. Special
traveling permits are required
ven for natives in positions of
considerable importance.
Tax receipts also must be
shown at the request of the po
lice and failure to present them
is cause for imprisonment.
"In fact," she continued, "im
prisonment is so common that
when employes fail to come to
work employers immediately go
to the jail and bail them out."
She emphasized that white au
thorities feel that the native
needs to be protected since he
really isn't capable of taking
care of himself.
"The excuse I heard over and
over again was that the native
wasn't developed enough, he
wasn't ready for education," she
explained.
Defines Industries
Two major industries of Africa
are the mining of gold and dia
monds. "I grew to hate gold,"
said the photographer. They dig
it out of the ground, ship , it
around the world and bury it
again in Ft. Knox, she stated.
Miss Bourke-White photo
graphed the native in all aspects
of his life. One of there was the
laborers in the mines. "One of the
BMiE; Jilllll
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LIFE PHOTOGRAPHER Margaret Bourke White, who recently
covered an assignment in Africa for "Life" magazine, told Uni
versity students at a convocation Fridav of thp livincr nnnHitinnQ
of African natives. Miss Bourke White photographed the Africans
in their daily life, even going down into a gold mine with the labor
ers under the city of Johannesburg.
most interesting experiences of
my life," she said, "was my visit
to a gold mine under the city of
Jonannasburg."
In describing the experience.
she said she was lowered in a
bucket to a depth of 6,300 feet.
Here I learned the real condi
tions under which the blacks la
bor." She explained that after
four hours at this depth she real
ized that she couldn't speak and
had difficulty moving her arms.
only stayed for four hours
but the blacks work for eight
hours and spend nine to 11 hours
day underground," she de
clared.
Government Control
The Chamber of Mines, a gov
ernmental group, virtually con
trol the price of gold and dia
monds. The diamonds are so
plentiful that without a price
control the value would decline
tremendously, she said. Even with
the great profit received from
the industry, the Chamber of
Mines keeps the wages of the la
borers to a pitifully small amount.
The diamond area, on the
Skeleton coast of Africa, she said,
is so rich in diamonds that per
sons aren't allowed, to enter the
region without permission. Those
leaving the area are X-rayed to
avoid smuggling. She explained
that even tree stumps were
blasted out so that there would
be no landmarks by which per
sons could find diamonds which
they had buried. In addition to
these precautions savage dogs are
trained to attack prowlers.
"The amazing thing to me was
that in spite of the enormous
profit, nothing is put back into
the lives of the men who do the
work," she declared.
Living conditions in the mines
are terrible, she stated. Workers
are locked behind barb wire at
night. They can't bring their
wives and families into the liv
ing area because that would add
to the employer's expense.
Students Further Studies
Through German Club
Election of officers to lead
the University German club will
take place next Tuesday, Nov.
14, Room 316, Union. At the
group's last meeting they nom
inated candidates for the offices
of president, vice president, sea
retary and treasurer.
Meetings of the club are sched
uled for every three weeks. How
ever, its constitution permits call
ing a meeting whenever the need
arises.
An Austrian boy spoke about
Vienna at the first meeting. At
the second gathering of the group
a graduate student in German
spoke about his trip through
Germany and showed slides that
he took while bicycling through
the country.
Refreshments
Refreshments are served at
the meetings and entertainment
in the form of speeches and songs
is provided for the members.
The organization was formally
put on its feet last spring by
the adoption of a new constitu
tion under the Student Council
Grain Firm
To Sponsor
Essay Contest
The Uhlmann Awards Student
contest, sponsored by the Uhl
mann grain company, will begin
Wednesday, Nov. 15.
The objectives of the contest
are to stimulate a broad interest
among college students in the
marketing problems of the grain
trade and to develop a better
understanding of the functions
and operations of the Chicago
Board of Trade.
Prizes to be awarded will be
given in cash: First prize $300,
second prize $150, third prize
$75 and four honorable mention
awards of $25 each. Duplicate
prizes will be given in the
graduate and undergraduate di
vision.
Undergraduate and graduate
students of all the recognized
schools and colleges in the
United States and Canada are
ligible to compete.
The contestants are required
to submit a manuscript not later
than noon, June 30, 1951. The
papers must deal with an analy
sis of some aspect of grain mar
keting activity.
The manuscripts will be
Judged on originality, use of
source of material, organization
and presentation, English and
composition.
Students desiring to enroll in
the .Uhlmann Awards Student
contest can obtain detailed infor
mation from their marketing instructors.
Drake to Decide
Value of Courses
Drake University at Des
Moines, la., is attempting to find
cut whether its courses are "do
ing the job they were set up to
do."
The office of institutional
studies at Drake is sending
standardized tests and question
naires to students, alumni and
faculty members to get their
opinion on the effectiveness of
courses they have taken.
ruling of approving group con
stitutions. This was done by the
club in order to be able to
handle money and to take part in
campus activities.
There has always been a Ger
man club on the University
campus. It began as quite an
active organization, participating
in campus theater work and oth
er activities.
The group went through a
rather inactive period and is
now beginning to function again.
Undergraduate Club
According to Miss von Kuenns
berg, faculty sponsor, the club
was organized "mainly for un
dergraduates." It strives to pro
vide for the beginning German
students "some feeling of belong
ing somewhere," Miss von
Kuennsberg stated. "We want
the students to know that we're
interested in them and want
them to be interested in us," she
added.
The organization tries to give
the students in its meetings a
change from the classroom atti
tude, "to help them to relax,"
Miss von Kuennsberg emphasiz
ed. Foster Culture
The main purpose of the club
is "to foster college interest in
not only the German language
but also the German culture,"
the faculty sponsor said.
The group is planning a Christ
mas eve party to be held in the
Presbyterian student house, Fri
day, Dec. 15. This place was
chosen for the affair in order to
provide a more home-like atmos
phere for the students.
Over 50 students belonged to
the organization last spring. At
tendance at the meetings this
fall has been quite laree. Present
official membership is approxi
mately 15 to 20.
Miss von Kuennsberg said
that they are striving to main
tain a "good, solid group of
students who will consistently be
interested in the club."
Laase to Address
Speech Meeting
Prof. C. L. Laase of the speech
and dramatic art department of
the University has been chosen
to make an address at the annual
convention of the Speech Associ
ation of America, the American
Educational Theater association,
The National University Exten
sion association and the National
Thespian society.
This convention, one of the
largest speech conventions ever
held, will be in New York City
at two hotels, the Commodore
and the Roosevelt, from Dec. 27
to the 31.
Speech educators from all over
the United States will be present
at the meeting which, in 1949,
drew more than two thousand
members to Chicago.
Prof, Laase will speak on the
"Master of Arts Program In
Speech".
Coed Honorary
Tabs 5 Initiates
' Alpha Lambda Delta, scholar
ship honorary for freshman
women, initiated five new mem
bers Tuesday night.
Marjorie Feary, Vivita Krievs,
Shirley Ellenberger MacAllister
and Barbara Young are four of
the initiates.
W. G. Dick Talks
At Wheaton Meet
William G. Dick, instructor in
the University College of Busi
ness Administration, gave the
opening address at the third an
nual business conference at
Wheaton college, Wheaton, 111.,
Friday, Nov. 10.
Dick's chapel message, "The
Challenge of Modern Business to
the Christian," was part of the
conference theme of maintaining
Christianity in business.
Dick presided at a panel dis
cussion on the theme Friday
afternoon.
Several prominent business
men were also listed on the pro
gram. About 700 business men
and women attended.
- U.S. Air Force
To Interview
NV 'Prospects'
Juniors and seniors interested
in officer opportunities in the
Air Force will be given a chance
to ask questions of a U. S. Air
Force cadet selection team which
will be on campus from Nov.
13 to 17.
Captain Robert Council and
Capt. Frank Voigtmann will ar
rive on the University campus
Nov. 13 to interview students in
terested in the officer training
programs offered by the Air
Force.
The officers will be located in
the Union and will be available
from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. each day
of the week.
This is one of many visits be
ing made to accredited campuses
this year by Air Force officers
to provide information to col
lege graduates on officer training.
According to Capt. Robert
Council, who is making arrange
ments for the team, students will
be able to get answers to all
their questions concerning officer
training. The team is also
equipped to process University
men who quality.
Qualified applicants. UDon fin-
lsning their courses, have an op
portunity to learn about all as
pects of aviation at the same
time as they earn in the U. S
Air Force.
College men may either enter
into a year's aviation cadet pilot
course or a navigator training
course. As a cadet in either
course, they will be paid $105 a
month and awarded a second
lieutenant's commission upon
graduation. Pay and allowances
will amount to about $5,000 a
year when they are ordered to
active duty.
Both men and women have an
opportunity to apply for Air
Force officer candidate school. .
Speech Courses
Clear Up 'Ain'ts9
A North Carolina state college
staff member reports that college
students learn more about gram
mer and diction from public
speaking than from elementary
freshman English.
The testing of 98 students in
dicated that 78 percent gained
more from public speaking
courses which ignored ele
mentary grammar and diction
than from the English courses
which stressed that field.
Authorities recommend that
colleges teaching the recognition
of errors in written usage sub
stitute a term in public speak
ing to replace the conventional
beginning English course.
Press Hears
Photographer
At Conference
South Africans are one of the
most persecuted groups in the
world.
That's what Margaret Bourke
White, "Life" photographer, told
interviewers Friday morning at
a press conference.
The famous photographer, who
met secretly at night with na
tives and college students to ob
tain information she wanted,
called the country "the ultimate
in suppression."
The government there, she
said, uses every means to keep
all non-Europeans from getting
togetner. kach native has to carry
about eight passes of one kind
of another every time he crosses
the street, she commented.
Miss Bourke-White, who calls
her assignment " in South Africa
"the hardest diplomatic job" she
ever had, said the natives there
looked to the United Nations as
their greatest hope for eventual
freedom.
Press Supressed
Although the press is sup
pressed also, she pointed out, the
natives keep in contact with the
United Nations through various
methods, including religious per
sons. Because the natives have
faith in the United Nations, she
said, the government hates the
organization.
In other advanced native
groups, Miss Bourke-White told
the reporters that natives are be
ginning to rebel against their
government. Just a few days be
fore the photographer left the
country,, she witnessed a great
mass meeting where blacks carry
banners opposing the police,
whom Miss Bourke-White de
scribed as "extremely brutal."
When the "Life" photographer,
wno was one of the last persons
to speak to Mahatma uandhi be
fore his assassination, spoke of
the great religious leader, tears
tilled her eyes.
She said that his death "did
what he had tried to do during
his lifetime."
Urged Peace
Gandhi continually urged peace
between the Moslems and Hindus,
"Everyone was so horrified by
his death," she said, "that it
actually did a great deal to bring
tne people together."
During her interview with
Gandhi, Miss Bourke-White said
they discussed the atom bomb.
"He thought the Americans
should stop manufacturing it,"
she said. .
Shortly after she left the
leader, he was shot.
Returning to comments about
about South Africa, where she
spent five months, Miss Bourke
White said the government uses
age old arguments against giving
Negroes equal rights.
The government maintains, she
said, that the blacks are too
ignorant to be sent to school,
never do anything for themselves
and that it costs too much to do
anything for them.
She described the shantytown
where they were required to live
because the government refuses
to permit Negroes in the white
towns. Their houses, she said,
are made of tin cans and burlap.
Unskilled Laborers
However, she further explained,
the government makes sure that
natives never are trained as
skilled laborers. If the natives
were given opportunity, they
would do more for their own
housing than the whites, she
continued.
Miss Bourke-White explained
how influential the government
was in the operation of the gold
and diamond mines. Altho it may
not own all mines, she explained,
through the minister of mines,
who also is the prime minister,
the government practically con
trols them.
The government makes sure
that Negro labor is kept at its
cheap rate of 30 cents a day for
gold mines, and 17 cents a day
for the diamond mines, she
stressed.
Miss Bourke-White is cur
rently writing a new book. Her
home is in Darien, Conn., where
she manages to spend about
seven months of the year.
Assassination
Story 'Extra'
By K State
Due to the speed of the Kansas
State Collegian staff, the college
daily was one of the first daily
papers in the country to cover
the attempted assassination of
President Truman and put it on
the streets.
College newsboys, yelling at
the top of their lungs until their
throats gave out,, were respon
sible for spreading the unbeliev
able news and selling more than
500 copies of the paper within a
short time.
At 1:15 p.m. the shooting took
place. At 2:15 p.m. page one of
the Collegian was torn apart and
the story pieced together. At 2:40
the paper was on the downtown
streets.
Reaction of downtowners to the
newsboys' story of the shooting
was conservative mixed. Many
who heard the first cry of "Ex
tra" thought the boys were crazy.
People just looked. Few bought
until the ice was broken. Then
the papers really beean to sell.
The boys and cirls could be 3
heard from the railroad tracks
to the court house in the small
college town of Manhattan; Kans.
Thus the Collegian pulled one
of its greatest scoops. The news
boys were the first, and want
to keep on being the first, with
the news. If an event of such
magnitude occurs again, the boys
will be there trying to give the
reading public and the college
the latest news via collegian
newsboy.
Ag Tax Course
Held Thursday
About 80 people were regis
tered for the annual income tax
course which opened Thursday
at the University Agricultural
college campus.
The course is designed for Ne
braskans who help farmers with
their income tax, problems. In
structors are University agricul
tural extension service staff
members and members of the
Omaha office of the Bureau of
Internal Revenue.
R. A. Straub and associates
from the BIR conducted Thurs
day's session. Instruction included
i n f o r m a t ion on fundamental
changes in ' the 1950 tax law.
Dr. L. B. Snyder of the Univer
sity's agricultural economics de
partment presided during the
morning session. Nebraska Uni
versify Economist A. W. Epp
conducted the afternoon meeting.
F, J. "Cye" Chase, extension
farm management specialist,
called the students' attention to
a new regional bulletin on farm
ers 1950 income tax which the
University had a part in compiling.
Library Cautions
Against Posters
Charles H. Miller, public serv
ice librarian at Love library, has
announced that students and
leaders of campus organizations
are to be reminded that all
posters and notices nosted on the
of the library must be approved.
They must have the approval
of the University Registrar and
must be stamped with the name
of the Registrar before they can
be put up.
Posters, Slogans, Balloons
Fill Dorm During Election
National elections took a back
seat last week at the Residence
Halls for Women. The coeds
there had their own races.
If the Democrats had taken
pointers from these ingenious
girls, they might have won the
election by campaign methods
alone. If an unexpected caller
walked up the steps outside of
the dorm, "Moyer for president"
or "Lear for vice president"
would meet his eye before every
step.
The first thing he would see
when entering the dorm was a
huge picture of a candidate
reading "Although she's on the
heavy side, and maybe just a bit
too wide; you'll be doing right if
you vote for Gorton on Wed
nesday night."
Bedlam Everywhere .
The poor boy hadn't seen half
of the bedlam yet. Balloons were
everywhere, and signs such as
"Hadacol, yes, had a call for
Armstrong for president." Also
seen were baseballs reading "Get
on the ball, vote for Ball."
If the young man looked up,
he saw little birds. The birds
were watchbirds "watching to
see if you'll vote for Pat Lind
gren for secretary." That's all
the boy could see of the cam
paigning, because he couldn't
leave his strictly restricted area.
On every door in Love hall
was a hand with a finger tied
with string to remind the voter
to "Vote for Jackie." Further
down were lions paper that is
"Phyl Lyons for president of
Heppner." The high mirrors on
every floor were completely cov
ered by lipsticked tales of can
didates' virtues.
Rosters Everywhere
Telephone booths (very popu
lar places there) were plastered
with: "For more men in the foy
er, vote for Moyer."
In the closing moments of the
campaign one candidate passed
out suckers, and another passed
out perfumed blotters. Read the
blotters, "You won't be stink
ers if you vote for . . ."
Now the elections are over. A
torn sign or lipstick on a mirror
are left to remind the residents
of campaigns.
NEBRASKA
Stationery
10c, 89c and $1.50
Goldenrod Stationery Store
215 ISorth 14th Street
DANDEE DIAPER
SERVICE
"DOUBLt PROTECTION"
Baby talk magazine free
each month. For informa
tion call the "Double Pro
tection" diaper service.
1920 So. 12th St. Ph. 3-8853
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WITH A YEAR
OF THE WORLD'S FINEST
AVIATION TRAINING IN THE
U. S. ADR FOQCE
Yes, sir it takes a full year's training as an Aviation Cadet
to earn your commission as an officer and pilot in the U. S.
Air Force. But that commission is worth its weight in gold.
And when you strut those wings and bars for the first time
you can be sure that you've had the finest instructors and
training equipment that any flying man ever had . . . that
you are ready and able to carry out any mission assigned.
For the Air Force believes being a good pilot is just one
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In jet-pilot language that means . . . GET
GOING AND GET GOING FAST! Your take
off point is the Aviation Cadet Selection Team
which will soon visit your own college campus.
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Student Union
LOUNGE
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GDo So MM mmQu
