THE DAILY NEBRASKAN
THREE
THURSDAY, JULY 9, 1936
Dr. Earl H. Bell Publishes
Article on Excavated Gty
Discoveries at Lynch, Nebraska Progress Slowly at
First, Then Rapidly After Finding Traces
of Ancient Indian Civilization.
DR. EARL H. BELL.
ITnl versify of Nebraska Archaeologist.
LYNCH. Neb. Before we can more accurately estimate the
age of our ancient tmried village near Lynch, Neb., many more
tons of earth must be removed. The work, however, of excavat
ing this old Indian settlement is progressing rapidly, and we
have every reason to believe that much needed scientific in-
t : Via V-vf nin fwnr0 11 - - - --
loruiittiuu win ""'" or,,, r,,te WpthPr.-
this site before
over.
This is the first time that any
University of Nebraska excavat
ing party has ever worked in the
eastern Niobrara region, and I owe
the good fortune of finding this
site to one of my graduate stu
dents, George Wilcox, also a mem
ber of the excavating party, who
brought me several boxes of ar
row points, pieces of pottery and
other artifacts which he had ob
tained near Lynch. Even a cas
ual look at the pottery convinced
me that this matiial was different
from anything I had ever seen be
fore. A few weeks later we drove
to Lynch and I was amazed to see
a site of such promise and in less
than an hour I decided to bring a
field party to this vicinity during
the summer months.
Prepare for Work.
Days of preparation followed.
The eight boys whom I planned to
take had to be selected with care.
They had to be able and willing to
work, and above all to be intensely
interested in the work of the expe
dition. On the morning of June 11,
we established camp near our
present site and began digging the
bame afternoon.
For a week things did not go
well. The field was covered with
surface material, and artifacts
were found as much zs eighteen
inches below the surface. Neverthe
less everything looked wrong. The
plow had disturbed the soil and I
had understood that in some places
on the bluffs cultivated fields had
eroded as much as six inches in one
year. By the end of the week I had
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fore decided to sink a test pit into
an uncultivated field nearby but
again nothing showed up. I went
deeper and the spade grated
against something hard. I took out
my trowel and found the bottom
of the hole almost completely
paved with pottery and flint chips.
My first thought was that I had
found an ancient house. We dug
another pit farther up on the slope
but found nothing but undisturbed
soil. Then I felt sure the first pit
had gone into a house.
Party Pursues Findings.
Our next move was to start a
trench from my first pit and dig
in the direction of the second. To
my surprise, instead of ending, the
stratum of dark earth not only
continued but thickened and went
deeper, that is, it became covered
by an increasing thickness of clean
undisturbed material. By now I
could hardly wait for the progress
of the trench. We then began to
enlarge the second pit. As I dug
deeper m this second hole my snov-
el uncovered fragments of pottery
far below the clean yellow sand
which I believe no man has ever
disturbed. Undoubtedly the pieces
of pottery were there before they
were coverd by unaisiuroa son. u
ton of this clean yellow sand were
twelve inches of soil somewhat
darkened by long years of vegeta
tion.
Discover Ancient City.
There was no recent accuraula
t inn These remains have been
there long before white men came.
I wrote Dr. Willem Van Royen,
physiographer of the University of
Nebraska, with whom i nave col
laborated on archaeologicai-pny
siogrraphic problems for the past
five years, and asked him to come
out. Dr. Van Royen ana i wnue
making surveys in other parts of
the state had found oia son zones
. j . . i
, m low stream terraces anu uhuc-i
accumulations of windblown sand
It is important to note that most
of Nebraska's sand dunes are
now "dead.' that is, they are cov
ered with grass and other vege
tation except where man has dis
turbed them by building roads or
making trails or by over grazing.
Obviously climatic conditions must
have been drier many centuries
ago when the sands on top of our
.
uv
then change to
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STUART
San Francisco
LINCOLN
Poppy
ORPHEUM
"Let's Sing Again" and
"Desire"
SUN
"Voice of Bugle Ann" and
"Cleopatra"
VARSITY
"You May Be Next"
main culture horizon were de
posited. Climatic Changes Help.
Other scientists, notably Paul
Sears of the University of Okla
homa, have looked at peat bogs
through microscopes and found
grains of pollen preserved there.
Strangely, Sears found that these
peat bogs carried a story of four
major climatic periods since the
waining of the last continental
glaciation. Each of these periods
lasted several thousand years. The
pollen told the story, since during
the different kinds of climate dif
ferent kinds of plants appear. We
find conditions in the terraces and
sandhills which can best be inter
preted as being the result of these
post glacier climatic changes.
According to the peat bogs,
previous to the present climate
there was a long period of drier
climate. We think the Nebraska
terraces and sandhills tell the
same story, and we may add it is
possible that the village on Ponca
creek was buried by the shifting
sands which resulted from the
more arid conditions which prob
ably prevailed thousands of years
ago. We suggest this only as a
working hypothesis. We do know,
however, that even now, dry as
it is at the present time, where
man has not interferred the soil
is held beneath a blanket of vege
tation. Such could not have been
the case when our village was
buried. Regardless of what we
may discover to be the true age
of the site, we know that it was
buried during a much longer and
much more severe 1routh than the
present, and that it was before
the invasion of the prt-sent Indians
known as the Ponca. We also know
that the covering on the top of
the hills where we are digging
has been there long enough that
growing vegetation has stained the
soil dark for a depth of ll inches
MISS SHANAFELT GOES
TO PUPPETRY MEETING
(Continued frofn" Page 1.)
will be held in the Institute of Art
building at Detroit. Enroute home
Miss Shanafelt will visit the Uni
versity of Chicago, the Kellogg
bird sanctuary at Battle Creek,
will stop at Chicago and will also
visit the Milwaukee museum and
zoo.
LUTHERANS TO HOLD
SECOND PICNIC FRIDAY
The second all-Lutheran student
picnic will be held Friday evening
at 5:30 at Van Dorn park, Rev. H.
Erck, Lutheran student pastor, an
nounced. Students from all Luther
an synods are inviU'd to meet in
front of the Temple theater at 5:30.
Those possessing cars are asked
to bring thm.
Chaperon for the affair will be
Rev. and Mrs. Kick and Rev. and
Mrs. R. K. Rangeler.
RENT-A-CARS
AT THE LOWEST RATES
1120 P St. B6819
Alway our rental department for
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l.UN in: . . 3W to
fcpf.ci..l T.-iblr f'r prefcttort
MR. C. BOCKE
HIGH SCHOOL SUMMER
PUPILS TO PRESENT
CONCERTS AS FINALE
(Continued from Page 1)
these final performances: "The
concerts will be the most artistic
that have ever been given by the
groups."
The program for the band con
cert: Part I.
March, H. S. Pride, Pinard.
Overture, "Safari," Holmes.
Cornet Duet, "The Solo Flight,"
Chenette.
Suite, "Atlantis," Safranek; I.
Nocturne and Morning Hymn of
Praise; II. A Court Function; III.
" Love Thee"; IV. Destruction of
Atlantis.
Children's March, Goldman.
Part II.
Overture, "Mirella," Gounod.
Selection "Beauties of Erin,"
Arr. by Lake.
Suite, "Ballet Egytien," Luigini;
I. Allegro non troppo; II. Alle
gretto; III. Andante sostenuto; IV.
Andante espressivo, Allegro non
troppo.
Marche Triumphale "Huldi
gung," (Jorsalfar) Greig.
Program for the all-state chorus
concert:
Prelude to Act in, "Kunihild,"
Kistler.
(a) Up! Up My Heart, Bach.
(b) Jesu dulcis memoria, Vit
toria. (c) Exaltate Deo. Palestrina.
(d) I Sat Down Under His Sha
dow, Bairstow.
(e) Easter. Gibbs.
Duet fjr Flute and Horn, "Ser
enade"; Babs Cheney, flute; Roger
Manners, horn; William Gant, at
the piano.
(a) Reverie. Fouconier.
(b) Sarabande, Handel.
String ensemble conducted by
Emanuel Wishnow.
Solo for bassoon, First Move
ment of Concerto Mozart, Mueller,
(small orchestra accompaniment.)
Overture to "Merry Wives of
Windsor," Nicolai.
(a) The Farmer's Daughters,
Arr. Williams.
(b) The Wind-Brinde, Brahms.
(c) Rantin' Rovin' Robin, Arr.
Samsel.
(d) On the Plains, Weelkes.
(e) Szecho-Slovakian Dance
Song, Arr. Manney.
Marche Slave, Tschaikowsky.
SUMMER SURVEY CAMP
TO ENTERTAIN SUNDAY
(Continued from Page 1.)
and Red Cross life saving classes.
Each student is required to pass
a swimming test before credit for
the surveying course is given.
Camp Nebraska is reached by
highway No. 6. Visitors who wish
to view the results of the practical
field experience of the twenty
eight student engineers will turn
north from highway No. 6, ap
proximately two miles northeast
of the Lincoln waterworks pump
ing station, east of Ashland.
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