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About The daily Nebraskan. ([Lincoln, Neb.) 1901-current | View Entire Issue (Feb. 6, 1935)
'3' Thf Daily Nebr ASKA "Read the Nebraskan" "Be campus conscious" 52 T t Official Student Newspaper of the University of Nebraska LINCOLN, NEBRASKA, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1933. PRICE 5 CENTS. VOL. XXXIV NO. 81. N MORRIS WILL FLY INTO LINCOLN FOR FRATERNTY BALL Playmore Orchestra Leader Brings 13 Piece Band Here Feb. 9. HOUSEMOTHERS GUESTS Party Decorations Include Colored Replicas of Chapter Badges. Flying to Lincoln by plane for their one night engagc mont, George Morris and his million dollar Playmore orclies. Ira, featuring Alone O'Pay and Jimmy Atkins, will play for the annual Interfraternlty ball from 9 to 12 o'clock on February ninth at the Coliseum. Morris and his thir teen piece band has been featured for five months at the popular Playmore ballroom in Kansas City. The orchestra was engaged after members of the Interfraternlty ball committee made a special trip to Kansas City last week to hear the band, and council members feel fortunate in obtaining litem for the party. Since the Playmore ball room is the same size as the Coli seum, they pointed out, the or chestra will be well adapted to the large hall, which has reduced the effectiveness of many visiting bands. Illuminated placques bearing col ored replicas of fraternity pins will be part of the decorations planned for the ball. The placques were drawn by Morris Gordon. Elabo rate wall and ceiling decorations are planned in addition. The orchestra has appeared on the programs of both the National and Columbia broadcasting net works, and plays regularly over WDAF. Members of the ball com mittee who have heard the band recommend it highly, and assure party-goers that it will come up to the standard's set by other large party bands. Housemothers of all fraternities have been invited to the ball as special guests, and will assist in chaperoning. Other chaperons are Chancellor and Mrs. E. A. Burnett, Dan and Mrs. T. J. Thompson. Dean Amanda Heppner, Col. and Mrs. C J. Franklorter, . Dr. an J Mrs. G. E. Condra, Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Harper, Prof, and Mrs. Charles B. Nutting. Prof. E. F. Schramm, Judge and Mrs. Paul Bek, Judge and Mrs. Eberly, and Judge H. D. Landis. A public amplifying system will be used, and a special wax prepa ration will be used to insure slick floors. Other special preparations are under way. according to com mittee members, to make the ball the most successful party of tha season. Tickets may be obtained from all interfratefnity council repre sentatives a lid alternates, or Long's Bookstore, Buck's Coffee (Continued on Page 4.) IE Would Have 42 Members in Nebraska's New Form '37 Legislature. Explaining his "nearly perfect" forty-two member plan for the state's first unicameral legislature in 1937, Dr. John P. Senning of the department of political science of the university spoke before a meeting of the senate and house unicameral committees early this W Dr. Senning s plan, worked out after a careful study of popula tion distribution, local conditions, and interests, provides for forty two members equally distributed over the state. He has reached this conclusion, he stated, after applying a number of different combintions of numerals and dis tricts to the problem. The 1935 legislature has the task of setting up a one-house legislature of thirty to fifty mem bers elected on a non-political bal lot, as a result of the adoption by the people last fall of the Norris amendment. WOME.VS S WIMMIG SCHEDULE RELEASED Times for Recreational And Instructional Bathing Made. Opening dates for women's re creational swimming in the uni versity pool have been announced by the physical education depart ment The pool will be open to women for recreation Wednesday, Feb. 6, at 4 o'clock; Friday, Feb. 7, at 4 o'clock; and Saturday, Feb. 8, from 1 to 3:30 o'clock. The pool will open for women's classes Feb. 11. with classes being: held on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday from 8 to 11 o'clock, and on Tuesday and Thursday from 9 to 10 o'clock. After the opening of the women's swimming classes, regular recreational swimming hours for women will be held on Monday. Wednesday, and Friday from 4 to li o'clock. Monday from 7 to 8 :30. p. m., and Saturday from J. to 3:30 o'clock. PERSUISG RIFLES TO HOLD TRYOUTS FED. 7 Captain Standeven Says There Are Vacancies For 20 !'ew Men. Pershing Rifle tryouts will lie held Thursday afternoon Feb. 7, from 4 until 6 o'clock, in Nebraska hill, according to Cadet Capt. Bud standeven, sponsor or the group, He stated that there is room for about twenly new men, and urged all basic drill students who could possibly do so to try out. Captain Standeven stated that, among other things, the tryouts would include questions and tests on military courtesy, the requisites of the true 60ldler, first aid, the manual of arms, and a few ques tions on the school of the squad. FEDERAL GRANT Burnett Heads Delegation in Omaha Conference With PWA Engineer. In the hope of obtaining a part of the $4,880,000,000 of PWA money that has been appropriated for re-employment in the United States, for the use of the univer sity, Chancellor E. A. Burnett headed the delegation that con ferred on the building needs of the university with the PWA engineer, John Latenser, jr., In Omaha last week. Other members of the group were: L. E. Gunderson, finance secretary; L. F. Seaton, operating superintendent; and Dean O. J. Ferguson of the engineering col lege. The Nebraska planning board, which is headed by A. C. Tilley, state engineer, will make all re commendations to the federal au thorities for the financing of the projects that it selects. The board is asking that communities, mu nicipalities, or others who want projects financed by this fund should file their demands with tne board. Among the projects that are considered as possible recommend ations were the new library build ing, engineering building, Univer sity hall, and clinic building for the Omaha campus. These four (Continued on P.age, ?j Y.W.C JL GROUP HEARS Maintains That an Attractive Personality Is Aim of All Young Women. Speaking against "Private Profi teering for Personal Gain," Mrs Meredith Nelson, former mem'ier of the ttniversiy Y. W. C. A. cab inet and of the regional council, ap peared before the vesper service Tuesday at 5 o'clock in Ellen Smith hall. She was introduced by Ruth Haggman, who also led the devotions. Coinciding with the special aim of the Y. W.. universal friendship Mrs. Nelson spoke on the personal and social relationships or unlver sitv students and the necessity of their proper development. She es pecially emphasized the relation ship between different groups on .. . 1 1 At J me campus ana oeiween tne uii' ferent races represented at the unl vrsitv. Against the idea of private profi teering, she presented arguments based on tne desire for the achieve' ment of an attractive personality which, she maintained, is the amni tion of almost every young woman. She pointed out that no personal itv could be well-rounded if those personalities with which it came in contact were not normally develop ed. The exploitation of others for personal gain would injure tne per sonalities contacted and thus de feat its own purpose, she ex- Dlained. Mrs. Nelson rceived her M. A. in psychology last year. While a uni versity student she was an active member in the Y. W. and other campus activities. Special music for the vesper service was furnish ed by the vesper choir, under the direction or vioiet vaugnn. OFFICIALS SEEK FOR UNIVERSITY Ralph Menke, Hebron Youth Who Built Own Telescope, Comes to University To Make Study of Stars His Vocation His bovish hobby of "looking at the stars'' will become the lifetime" vocation of astronomy for Kalph Menke when he is graduated from the University of Nebraska in 1937. After nnT his little observatory in the nt'tiiui "i backyard of his home at Hebron to look tnru us telescopes. AiLtriy graduation he expects to carry tin rp.parrh nr teach astronomy. It was some four years ago that Ralph Menke was ready to use for the first time a telescope he had built for himself. An article inthe "Scientific American" had been the beginning of his idea and given him instructions, and he had studied it word for word. For more than thirty hours he had rubbed discs of glass together until they had rounded Into lenses. Proud of his work, he carried the prepared glass out to his skeleton telescope tube that he might see how perfect his grinding had been. He fitted the lens into the end COCHRAN BUDGET ES UNIVE THIN PURSE Governor Asks Legislature To Continue Policy of Retrenchment. INCREASE LIBRARY FUND $10,000 Additional Sum to Extend Circulating Book Service. ('iinfmnntioii of the drastic retrenchment policy of the past t-n venrs iluriim the coming bicnnium seemed probable for sitv ns Governor Cochran announced his state budg et for the period ending June 30, 1937. Altno SUll tagging $600,000 behind the board of re- m,mt fnr S4. 200.100. the $3,584,600 budget recommended by Cochran represents an increase ui 420 over the "starvation" ap propriations of the last legisla ture. r'A.mmnr Cnphran's estimate corresponded closely to that of re tiring liovernor rsryan which w..i nnhmitted at the Close Of the lat- ter's term, Cochran's figures call ing for but $b,uuu aauiuonai. me bulk of the proposed budget is des icmntpH fnr ireneral maintenance, including the two Lincoln camp uses, the medical college at Omaha, and the various other branches of the university. Boosts Library Fund. a hnnst- nf $10 000 in library ap propriations over what the regents requested, was inciuaea among uie other items in the remainder of the budget. The extra amount would be used in extending circulating li bra ru sprviee to those counties that do not now have such facilities. The balance of the budget inciuaea (Continued on Page 4.) ILElNGElNE OF HEAVY PRACTICE Umversitv Marksmen - Have Full League Schedule to Finish Soon. Intensive firing has started on the rifle range as the university marksmen, under the tutelage of Maj. Charles E. Speer and Sgt. Richard McGimsey. prepare for their heavy schedule in the Mis souri Valley league of the Nation al Rifle Association. There are five members of the league of which one is Washington States which has been substituted because of failure of some of the Missouri Valley schools to enter after signifying their intention. Be ginning with the week ending Feb. 16 when the Scarlet and Cream rifle team meets Kansas, they will engage Iowa, Washington State and Wyoming on the following weeks in telegraphic meets. On April 6 all the teams will meet here at the range in the base ment of Andrews hall to fire in a final tourney. In the telegvaphic meets each team shoots on special targets each week and sends them to the league manager wno ap proves them and decides on the winner of the match. This week the squad is firing the first two stages of the corps area rifle matches in prone and sitting and prone and kneeling positions. WEAVER ARTICLE IS ECOLOGY MAG All ME University Graduate and Professor Write For Paper. Dr. J. E. Weaver, professor of Plant Ecology, and William Noll, graduate student of Ecology, con tributed the lead article to a recent issue of Ecology, an official pub lication of the ecological society of America. The article is entitled. "Measurement of Run-Off and Soil Erosion as Applied to Prairie and Cultivated Fields." and is the re sult of investigations carried on near Lincoln during 1933-34. . t he has enme to Ihe Lniversity of the tube and tried to tilt the instrument enough to see the sky. That wouldn't do, so he carried the equipment over to his, tripod ar rangement of pipe and cement, be gan to attach the telescope. But he hod forgotten to cover the lens. Before he realized his mistake the glass had fallen out of the tube, struck the tripod, and shattered. "I still think." he says, "it was the best lens I have ever ground. I took more pains and time with that one." It was a disappointing beginning for a young fellow who has a hobby and the patience to carry it (Continued on Page 2.) RSITY AGAIN Charter Day Speaker ,.i.iili.iai)iMiil!li.;i,-iM'iwiiiii. i p .' I riii: wSwr : I" 1 WW ..t!,l,1'nv!i!!VI,''':','M , 5 . i Court y The Journal. SENATOR G. W. NORRIS. Who will deliver the address for the sixty-sixth annual charter day celebration of the university Feb. 15 at the coliseum. T BONDS FOR JOBLESS Tourney. Open to Fraternity And Barb Contestants, Begins in March. Intramural debaters this sea son will arp-nn the. Question: Re solved, that the federal and state governments should co-operate in some adequate plan for unemploy mpnr. insurance for rtersons under 60 years of age, was the announce ment made Tuesday oy ueua aig ma Rho. forensic fraternity, and the intramural athletic office. This year these contests will be . . . . i ; 1. - under tne auat supervision oi me nthioric nffiee and the debate hon orary organization and will be conducted on the same basis as other intramural competition. The athletic office will manage the. ortt-nn schedules, and other de tails of the tournament Delta Sig ma Rho will provide lor me judges from among those inter-collegiate debaters, past and present, who qualify and are willing to serve. John F. Stover, secretary of the forensic fraternity, will act as manager for that group and Har old Petz will complete arrange ments for the intramural office. According tn.-Potz all organ ized men's groups, fraternities and non-fraternity organizations of definite standing, are eligible to participate. The contests will be arranged in two brackets, one for the Greeks and the other for the un-affiliated men. The- winners of these two divisions may stage a final contest if they so desire, but this verbal battle will not be sup ervised by the intramural office, Petz said. The winners of the barb tourney will receive medals and the winning Greek team will earn for its organization the privi ( Continued on Page 3.) SPRING PLAY SCRIPTS Klub Manuscript Committee Will Choose Play by Feb. 15. Selection of the play manuscript for Kosmet Klub's annual spring musical comedy to be presented at the Temple theater from April 1 to 6. will be made from six plays sub mitted to the Klub un to Tuesday night. A special committee has been chosen to mane tne seieuuun, which will be announced at the next meeting of the club, on Feb. 12th. Members of the manuscript com inittre nr Charles Gallowav. Owen Johnson, Henry Kosman, and Charles Steadman. ine piay e lected by the committee will win (nr it pnthnr the $50 Drize offered by the Klub at the beginning of the contest. Organization of songs, cast, and production committees will begin immediately after the selection of the winning play next Tuesday, ac cording to Tom Davies, Klub persl dent. Tryouts for male students ,.,Mnr niirtl in trip ShOW Will be held during the second or third weeks of February. WINSLOW PRESENTS VIOLIN CONVOCATION Th fnuHppnth Musical Convoca tion will be presented by Emanual Winslow, violin instructor of the University School of Music, at 4 o'clock Wednesday, Feb. 6. in the Temple theater. Earnest Harrison will be at the piano. The program will include i-ianoei s sramm Major, Chausson's Poem, Op. 25. Rirvh's Nimin. Debussv's La fille aux cheveaux de lin, and Saras- ate's Romanza Anda Anoaiuza ana Zapateado. tSebraskan Issues Call For Student Reporters Student interested In hold ing positions on the Daily Ne braskan reportorial staff ar asked to report to the publica tion office in the basement of University hall Wednesday aft ernoon. Special beats and as signments will be made In Feb ruary to those who show the greatest interest and ability. THE MANAGING EDITORS. QUES NORRIS TO SPEAK F .15 Nebraska Senator to Talk on Matters of Public and Political Interest. BANQUET HONORS AVERY Other Events in Nebraska Towns Mark Birthday Of University. Bfinutni- rSonrca W. Norris. Bar- ticipatlng in the commemoration Of tne sixty-sixin cnarier uay celebration or tne university, win deliver an address in the coliseum, Feb. 15 at 10:30 o'clock in the morning, according to a statement mmlA reepnt.lv hv Prof. JOVCe C. Hertzler, chairman of the convoca tions committee. The talk will contain matters of nnlitiml and nttblic interest. Hertz ler stated, and all classes will be dismissed for the event. Meanwhile, plans are rapidly hoino- formulated and arrange ments made for the completion of details enaming tne comnmiee m charge to conduct the affair in a highly successful manner, it was revealed by otnciais. Aiumni oi the school will be present as spe eini e-iiests at various affairs of the anniversary program. In connection Wltn tne ceieura tion, a banquet honoring Chancel lor Emeritus Samuel Avery, will be held at the University club at 7 o'clock that night. Other events in Nebraska towns and several cities over the state will mark the university's birth day. Prominent aiumni ana iac uitv members will speak at the various ceremonies. Charter day celebration nas long been an outstanding event on the onrtnr Alumni of the school and those interested in its welfare come to the campus ior the yearly program. PHI BETA KAPPA WILL First "invitation" Is Given to Undergraduates by Group. Special invitations to attend the next meeting of Phi Beta Kappa have been sent out to the high ;n Qtmtonts from the university honor roll of 1934 on first year work, according to an announce r,t mnlio Tiipsrlav bv Prof. Clif ford M. Hicks, who is secretary of tho Inriil rhanter. ThP npxt regular meeting of the organization will be held at the University club Monday, reD. u, at 6:15 o'clock. An illustrated lec on "Oiilture and Agriculture in Central America," wUl be the principal address, given Dy vi Nels Bengston. About a hun dred members and guests are ex- nttntiyrt tn attend. Explaining that this invitation was tne rirst or na kuiu cvci ia tonrlpH hv the chanter to under graduates, Prof. Hicks said that it is hoped to prove so attractive io the students that it will become a egular feature of the chapters Tirncrrflm. I " . . .. A meeting for tne puonc ai large, given jointly unoer tne aus niep.q nf Phi Beta 'Kappa and Sig ma Xi, in accordance with their long tradition, is being planned for March. BIG SISTERS TO MAKE PLASS FOR CARMVAL Members Will Begin to Arrange Events for Penny Circuis. Arlpne Rors. Bie- Sister Board president, has announced a mass meeting or an tug aisters anu board members Thursday at 4 nYlnrk at Ellen Smith hall. Plans for the annual Big Sister Board 'Penny Carnival, ' wnicn win oe held two weeks from Saturday, will be discussed. Miss Bors an nounced. lngehorg Oesterlin OR CHARTER DAY PROGRAM FEB HONOR HIGH STUDENTS With Romantic Beauty ot Old boutn During Vacation Journey to Florida BY LORRAINE CAMPBELL. Mitor'i Note: Thin It th flint in part ot the I oiled Stte taken bjr Ml muroori ueaieriin, Z,l, the nnlver.lt. and her two comp.ntonl who eumplled their Impression, of the eonntry Miss Ingeborsr Oesterlin, German exchange student who is working on her Master's degree in chemistry, went to Florida for the Christinas holidays in company with the two exchange students from the universities at Lawrence and Iowa City. Eaeh day, the impressions of the three were reviewed and discussed. MISS Oesterlin nas just, reteiveu m; ... ..... I htviklet containing a map of the country thru which they passed and the diary in typewritten form. The following is a resume of the contents of the booklet: "We all met in St, Louis at the German Consulate for dinner on the night of the 20th of Decern ber. St. Louis made a very busy impression and we diJ not like it so very much T'-e Mississippi was just a dirty, s'ow river and it did not look like the Father of the streaaas. So much traffic bothered DELIAM UMOS HOLDS llAMQUET, IMTIATlOy Mumni and Actives Will Attend the Annual Dinner at Y.W. Delian-Union Literary society will hold its annual banquet Sat urday evening, Feb. 9, at the Y. W. C. A., it was announced Tues day by Alvln Klecb, president.. Both active and alumni members are expected to attend. Formal initiation of Ruth Grif fith, Tryon; Nan Mumford, Council Bluffs. Ia.; and Emory Johnion, Ceresco, was held Monday evening, Feb. 4. Second semester officers of Delian-Union are: Alvin Kleeb, president; Howard Mock, vice president; Opal Louthan, secre tary; and ueno uatoy, treasurer. L TO P Committee Planning Party To Consist of Six Men And Six Women. .Tiinlnr-Kptiior Prom committee nr tu'pivA mpmhprs will he chosen from a list of thirty applicants at a special meeting or tne siuuem council Wednesday afternoon at 5 vinrir tn TTniversitv hall, accord ing to Jack Fischer, president of the council. oixieen men mm fAiirtppn wnmen andied for the committee positions. The junior class president is aiuomaucauy included on tne commii-i.ee. The student council at its Wed nesday session will name a chair man and a co-chairman to head tvia nrr,m rnmmittpp. Five men in addition to the junior president and six women win consuLum we committee. The group will probably meet the day following their selection to organize the work and to appoint sub-committees who will start ac tual preparations for the ball. The Junior-senior rrom wmcii hvino-a tn a close the university formal season, will be held in the coliseum Friday, March 8. The ball is planned and presented ny the Rtudent council thru the work of the Prom committee. L 'FRATERNI Article Relates Supervision Of Greeks by Alumni Organizations. Appearing in the January issue of The rraternuy munui nntrihlltinn hv BfUCe NiCOll. fOf- tv,pi- onitnr nf the Dailv Nebraskan and now president of the Inter fraternity council. The article, which deals with the Nebraska plan for Greek letter societies, is entitled "The Old is Dead: Long Live the New." Nicoll describes the new deal now in progress at the University of Nebraska which is concerned prlmarilv with economic retrench ment. He refers to the alumni supervision of undergraduate af fairs and the newly organized alumni organization, which is the only one of its kind in the nation. "Now alumni and undergradu ate Greeks are fully aware that the panacea for the fraternity man's troubles does not lie solely In the establishment of an organi zation. So it has been a matter of some speculation and campus wide interest to measure the ac tual progress of the alumni board of control. An impartial apprais al of the board's work thus far re veals a fair degree of success," the article states. Nicoll credits the success ot the university's action to the sweeping powers granted the board of con trol in the case of any recalci trance on the part of the local chapters. He concludes with the statement that this power was .r.ntH hppnusp of the antagonism of the business men of the city and the fear of adverse action oy the legislature of Nebraska. Much Impressed wnn oi mrir. n -r.i. - . " us, also. We started that evening on4 Hrnvo t n Vinrennes. Indiana. TVir v:a alreadv no snow more. Friday 21. To Louisville. After TyMitviii there were very nice mountains. You came just over the top of mountain ana you were breathless at tne signt oi rnmn tn. mr far hplnw. There were old fashioned, waterwheel boats on the Kentucky river. Frankfort made very forcing impression. It seemed as tho we had amvea in a uuier (Continued on Page 2.) . STUDENT COUNC! CHOOSE i GROUP MEIERS NEBRASKA VOTES E Balloting Close on Question Of U. S. Joining League Of Nations Pact. DEFEND FROM INVADERS Conscription of Capital and Rescources Favored by Great Majority. More than one thousand Me bniska sttulents would refuse to bear arms for the United Slates if their country was the iuvatler, while 20 percent, nr 294, voiced their conviction that they would aid in an attack, ac cording to the 325,000 ballot Lit erary Digest peace poll covering 119 colleges and universities. League Question Close. The only question of policy on which the vote was close both at Nebraska and throughout the na tion was the entrance of the United States into the League of Nations. Although the 65,000 vote totals showed a 100 vote majority for entrance, Nebraskans rejected the idea by a vote of 745 to 623. Missouri and Oklahoma followed Nebraska's rejection policy, but Kansas, Iowa and Iowa State cast majorities in favor of entrance. The largest majorities favoring entrance Were found in large east ern schools, and sentiment against in the south and middlewest. Eighty-six percent of Nebraska students would defend their coun try in case of foreign invasion, compared with the close eighty three percent vote of the entire college group. The Nebraska vote on the possibility of staying out of war also tallied with the national vote, each poll giving two-to-one chances to "the United States stay ing out of another great war." Favor Conscription. Universal conscription of all capital and labor resources was favored by an overwhelming forty thousand vote majority by all col leges, and by ninety percent of Ne braska voters. Control of muni tions manufacture to eliminate private profit received even a greater affirmative vote, com pared with the agreement of ninety-three percent of British stu dents voting in a similar peace poll. Whether or not United States should be prepared with an navy and air force second to none re ceived 560 ayes from Nebraska voters, and 817 votes against. A greater divergence was seen in the national vote, in which 41,048 neg ative votes outnumbered the 24,129 ballots for preparedness. Again a parallel was seen in the British vote, where an all-around abolition of armaments was advocated by eighty-seven percent of the voters. AG COLLEGE Y.MIA. Voting Will Take Place in Ag Y Rooms Monday Morning February 11. a a a result of the selections made by the Ag college YMCA nominating committee. Ward Bauder and John Wagner will be the only candidates for the offices of president and vice president, respectively, of that organization in the coming election. Milton Monson and Howard Peterson are thP two nominees for the remain ing office of secretary. The nominating committee was comprised of Dr. C. E. Rosenquist, nf KP-rienltural botany. and Raymond Kinch, Carl Beetes, and James Warner, wno are mm se nior members ot the v r"-t. The voting will be held on Monday, Feb. 11. trom 8:30 m tne tno..i. - until 12:15, in the Ag Y room, 303 Ag hall. Retiring officers are Raymond u-inph nresident: Ardelle James, vice president; and Keith Newton, secretary. FORTY STRICKES BY MEASLES EPIDEMIC Outbreak Puts Ticelve in Infirmary; Expected States Lyman. About forty cases of German measles have been discovered among the university population during the last few days, accord ing to a statement of Dr. Rufus A. Lvman, dean of the College of Pharmacy and director of student health service. Twelve students having measles are confined in tho university infirmary. There is also one student suf fering with mumps and two with scarlet fever in the infirmary. German measles are not aerious, according to Dr. Lyman, and usu allv last about ten days. "It's about Ume for another laeasles epidemic," Dr. Lyman stated, "since we haven't had one for several years. I am urging the students who have come down with measles to go home because we don't have room here to take care of all the cases." The epidemic is not only In the university but also In the entira state ard even ia Kansas. AN A IN IN NATIONAL POLL NOMINATES OFFICERS 8 ' t . v 0.- K 1 , ' v ,1 - ; 1 L..