Tn
Daily
Nebras
kan
HE
VOITXXVII, NO. 137.
MANY NA1IES GO
ON BALLOTS FOR
ELECTION RACES
Groups Adopt New Sobriquets,
Yellow Jackets' and
Blue Shirts'
BRUCE HAS NO OPPONENT
Failure to File and Low Grades
Keep several wnuiuaw.
Out of Running
(Br the Rag Man)
Generally uneventful! That is the
'dope' for Tuesday's election of mem
bers to the Student Council and Stu
dent Publication board, following the
closing of filings Friday afternoon
and the checking of eligibility by
the registrar Saturday morning.
Intense campaigns are expected to
be waged, however, for the two lower
class positions on the Student Publi
cation board, for men senior-at-large
representative on the Student Coun
cil for both men and women candi
dates from the College of Arts and
Sciences, for women candidates from
the School of Fine Arts and Teachers
college, and f or'men candidates from
the Colleges of Law and Business Ad
ministration. Coin New Name
Abandonment of the old names for
the two fraternity political factions,
and apparent concentration of the
efforts of the old South side on a
few offices, were the outstanding de
velopments of political rumor Satur-
d&y
Campaign manager lor the old
North side faction, announced at
noon Saturday that the "Blue Shirts"
with "a slate that's true blue" was
the new name of the old North sid
ers. South siders countered a few
hours later with announcement of
"Yellow Jackets" as their new name.
"Aggressors" was suggested by a few
representatives of the faction but
"Yellow Jackets" was announced
(Continued on Page 3.)
HEW BOOKS COVER
YARIETY OF TOPICS
Economic, Art, Educational, History
Fiction Work Are Received
At University Library
Many new books covering a wide
variety of subjects have been re
ceived recently by the University
library. Among the books on edu
cational topics are "Understanding
Our Children," by Pierce, "Study of
Certain Aspects of the Time Factor
in Intelligence," by Walters, "Relig
ious Education and the Public
School," by Wenner, "Student Re
lationships," by Clippinger, "Func
tion of Court in Enforcing School
Attendance Laws," by Bender
Other books are "Distribution of
Trained Teachers Among Rural El
ementary Schools," by Carr, "The
Builders of America," by Hunting
ton and Whitney, "Teacher's Con
tract and Other Legal Phases of
Teacher Status," by Anderson, and
"Egyptian Grammar," by Gardiner,
(Continued on Page 2.)
Theta Nu, Pre-Medic
Group, Holds Election
Chauncey Hager la President for
Year Sixteen Member
Are; Admitted
At its annual initiation banquet,
which was held the past week, Theta
Nu, pre-medic scholastic fraternity,
elected the following officers:
Chauncey Hager, Ord, Nebraska,
president; Ivan Rutledge, Herman,
Nebraska, vice-president, and Will
iam Ure, Omaha, secretary.
Dr. H. W. Manter, pre-medic ad
visor, Dr. H. H. Marvin and Dean
T. J. Thompson spoke. The sixteen
new members admitted were Bruce
Anderson, Harry Bastron, Walter
Btuman, Howard Chaloupka, Fair
fax Dashiell, Kenneth Grace, Zeph
Holfenbeck, B. D. Munsell, Richard
Peteron, W. G. Rasman, R. F.
SchallKudolph Sievers, Fa Smith,
William Ure, Edward Holyoke, and
Gustave Lundburg.
Hkk3 h Chosen Phi
Beta Kappa Delegate
Prof. Clifford M. Hicks, secre
tary of Phi Bet Kappa, has been
chosen by the chapter at Nebras
ka to represent it at the district
scholarship conference to be held
nndor ILe auspices of the Lwa
Gamma chapter at Irake univer
sity in Des Moines, May 2.
This conference is one of a se
ries of district conventions being
held by the Phi Beta Kappa so
city in a nationwide survey of
hota secondary and collegiate
tchools to establish aids in the
furtherance of scholarship.
THE
List of Candidates
Student Council
Seniors At Large
(Two to be elected)
Elmer W. Holm.
Joe Hunt.
Carl W. Olson.
Bruce H. Thomas.
Seniors At Large Women
(Two to be elected)
Irene Davies.
Junior Men
(One to be elected from each
college)
College of Agriculture
George Powell.
College of Arts and Science
Arthur Bailey.
Earl Wyatt.
College of Engineering
Ralph E. Raikes.
College of Law
William L. Matschullat.
George C. Ray.
College of Pharmacy
Virgil Cannon.
College of Dentistry
Donald H. Porter.
College of Business Administration
Frank Mockler.
Douglas Timmerman.
School of Journalism
W. Joyce Ayres.
Graduate College
Victor Z. Brink.
Junior Women
(One to be elected from each
college)
College of Agriculture
Ruth White.
College of Arts and Sciences
Mary Morgan.
Gretchen Standeven.
School of Fine Arts
Jane Glennon.
Faye Williams.
Teachers College
Mildred E. Cole.
Helen McChesney.
Edna B. Schrick.
Student Publication Board
Members
Senior Members
Charles O. Bruce.
Junior Members
Maxine Hill.
Ray E-. Sabata.
Willard Witte.
Sophomore Member
George R. Cook.
William Ure.
BANQUET PLANS ARE
NEARLY COMPLETED
Hainer Cup and Scholarship Plaques
Will Be Presented; Ramsey
Is Main Speaker
Indications point to a successful
Interfraternity banquet, to be held
in the Scottish Rite Temple on the
evenine of Tuesday, May 1, accord
ing to the committee in charge. Tic
ket sale is reported to be progress
ing rapidly and plans for entertain
ment are nearly completed.
The speaker of the evening will be
William C. Ramsey, Omaha attorney
and president of the Nebraska alum.
ni association. Mr. Ramsey was
graduated jfrom the University of
Nebraska in 1907 and has appeared
at university affairs a number of
times since his graduation.
The Hainer cup will be presented
during the banquet to the fraternity
whose scholarship averaged highest
in the past two semesters. Fifteen
nlaaues will be awarded fraternities
having the fewest delinquencies aur-
inir two semesters, second semester
of last year and first or tnis year.
Chancellor Will Talk
Chancellor E. A. Burnett will give
a short talk on the after-dinner pro-
gram. Ilia aaaress wui w
by an explanation of the iraiernity
awards by Professor Schramm, who
will present all awards.
(Continued on Tag z.)
Advisory Board Will
Be Guests of Y.W.UA.
Marjorie Sturdavent Is in Charge
Of Annual May Breakfast
Dated for May 6
All the advisory board of the Y.
W C. A. will be the guests at the an
nual May breakfast to be held Sun
day morning, May o. irjvi
Sturdevant and her staff of assis
tants will serve as hostesses, and
Helen Day and her co-worKers win
get the breakfast
The advisory board of the Y. W.
C A. consists of the following mem
bers: Mrs. J. P. Senninz, Mrs. R.
M. Westover, Mrs. A. L. Cady, Mrs.
Samuel Avery, Miss Margaret Fedde,
Mrs. Roy Green, Mrs. tu. a. mmnwn,
m n Brownell, Mrs. C. B. An
derson, Miss Florence McGahey, Miss
Reynoldson, Miss Mary mason, nu
Miss Amanda Heppner.
All the old and new staff mem
bers, cabinet members and any other
people who are interested are cor
dially invited. It is necessary, though,
to make reservations ahead of time
The decorations, food, ana omer n
esxary details have not as yet been
decided.
UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA,
NEWER SYSTEM.
GOVERNS RATING!
IN SCHOLARSHIP
Grade Point Average Plan Is
Substituted for Present
Index Basis
METHOD WEIGHS TOTALS
Interfraternity Council Makes
Awards on Percentage of
.Delinquencies
Substitution of the grade point
average system of determining schol
astic ratings of various groups in the
University, is being made this year.
The index number plan has been
used heretofore. The new system
weighs totals in determining the av
erage, whereas the index number
plan weighs percentages and deter
mines averages on a percentage
basis.
Many schools are now using the
grade point average method. It is
much more easily computed, requir
ing only one division for each group,
while the index number plan requires
several.
The grade point average is ob
tained by dividing the total number
of grade points by the total number
of credit hours carried by the group.
Four grade points are awarded for
each credit hour carried with a grade
of from 90 to 100. Three- grade
points are awarded for each credit
hour carried with a grade of 80 to
89, two for each credit hour carried
with a grade of 70 to 79, and one for
each credit hour carried with a grade
from 60 to 69. Zero grade points
are awarded for credited hours in
complete. One grade point is subtracted for
each credit hour conditioned and two
(Continued on Page 2.)
ENGINEERS PREPARE
FOR DEMONSTRATION
Electric Generator Is Erected on
Campus to Advertise Annual
Mechanical Exhibit
An electric generator, eight feet
in height, and twelve feet in length
with a rotor of six feet, a model of
the one used in the power plant, has
been stationed on the campus just
east of Administration building, by
engineering students in preparation
for the sixteenth annual Engineer's
week program, April 30 to May 5.
The generator model is painted a
bright red, to catch attention of vis
itors and students, and advertise the
College of Engineering and Engin
eer's week. Last year the college
got considerable publicity with their
dirigible model and the subsequent
Engineer-Law brawl.
Activities start with a convocation
and pep rally in Temple theater,
Wednesday morning at 10 o'clock.
(Continued on Page 2.)
Co-Ed Diamond Teams
Play in Tournament
Kappa Delta and Gamma Phi Beta
Win in Saturday Games; May 12
Marks Finish
Crowds of university students have
witnessed the five games which have
been played so far in the co-ed in
tramural baseball classic in which ten
teams are entered. Strong wind Sat
urday interfered with the playing
somewhat but the girls managed to
complete the games between gusts
of wind.
In Friday's games Zeta Tau Alpha
defeated Phi Mu, 23-11; Alpha Xi
Delta won ovsr Delta Zeta, 25-18;
and Alpha Delta Theta nosed out
Alpha Delta Pi, 21-18.
Saturday, Alpha Xi Delta, trium
phant in the first round, met defeat
at the hands of Kappa Delta, 18-14,
and Gamma Phi Beta conquered
Zeta Tau Alpha, 8-4. At the wish of
Delt Gamma their game with Phi
Omego Pi was postponed until Tues
day.
Next Friday the winners of the
postponed match will meet Alpha
Delta Theta. Other games are sched
uled for the week following and the
tournament will close May 12 when
the consolation and main tourna
ment finals are held.
Umpires for the games are still
urgently needed and the services of
the university men in this capacity
would be greatly appreciated.
Geography Tests Are
Now Being Compiled
Prof. E. E. Lackey of the de
partment of geography, js -preparing
en extensive series of geography
tests which will be used in the high
schools of Nebraska this spring. In
this work he has the cooperation of
about one hundred of the high
whools of Nebraska.
LINCOLN, NEBRASKA. SUNDAY, APRIL 29, 1928.
Call 1$ Sent Out for
Publication Applicants
Applications for the following
positions will be received by the
Student Publication board until
Thursday noon, May 10:
1929 Cornhusker: editor, two
managing editors, business man
ager, two assistant business man
agers. The Daily Nebraskan (first se
mester, 1928-29): editor-in-chief,
contributing editors, managing
editor, two assistant managing ed
itors, four news editors, three as
sistant news editors, business
manager, two assistant business
managers, circulation managers.
Awgwan (first semester, 1928
29) : editor, two associate editors,
business managers, two assistant
business managers.
Applications may be got at the
Student Activities office in the
Coliseum or at the office of the
School of Journalism, U 104.
Prof. C. C. Engberg, Chairman,
Student Publication board.
Mob Scene of
'The Poor Nat'
Is Nearly Real
" 'The Poor Nut' is supposed to be
singular, but it looks like we have
about fifty-one 'poor nuts' here,"
muttered the director of Liberty
players Friday afternoon during a
rehearsal of university students for
the "mob scene." Kosmet Klub se
lected fifteen co-eds and thirty-five
university men to sit in the stands
and make noise during the famous
track meet which is featured in "The
Poor Nut."
This track meet is reported to be
more thrilling, more exciting, and
much safer than the chariot race in
"Ben Hur." In looking over the
stands one gets more variety than
in "The Gorilla." Considering every
thing "The Poor Nut" should be the
outstanding hit of the theatrical sea
son in Lincoln. .
Firei Benefit
Kosmet Klub is assisting in the
presentation of "The Poor Nut" as
a means to bigger and larger fire
benefit. "I hope this place waits
until we get ouc before it bums
down," whispered a member of the
Klub Friday afternoon. The entire
Liberty cast will appear in the show,
assisted in certain "mob scenes" by
university students.
Fifteen Kappas were selected as
the best bets for a cheering section.
They are assisted in their cheering
by thirty-five men from the campus.
"Chick" Dox is teaching Jerry Bow
man, of Liberty players, how to lead
Nebraska cheers. One of the most
exciting scenes is where John, the
hero, drops the baton four or five
times in the decisive relay. Most of
the cheering section is hoping that
he may see his way clear to bounce
if off the drummer's head, but noth
ing has been promised.
School Will Receive
Indianapolis Guests
Dr. H. O. Pritchard and Generieye
Brown Will Be Entertained
By Christian Foundation
Dr. H. O. Pritchard and Miss Gen
evieve Brown, both of Indianapolis,
Indiana, will visit the University
Monday and Tuesday as the guests
of the Nebraska Christian Founda
tion. Monday evening Dr. Pritchard
will be the speaker at the Disciples'
Student banquet at the First Chris
tian church, Sixteenth and K streets.
Dr. Pritchard is a Yale graduate
and a former Butler college football
man. He has served as president of
Eureka college, Eureka, Illinois.
From 1907 to 1909 he taught debate
at Cotner college and later accepted
the pastorate of the Bethany Chris
tian church. At present he is sec
retary of the board of education of
the Christian churches. Miss Brown
is a graduate of Iowa university and
has attended Simmons college at Bos
ton. Both Dr. Pritchard and Miss
(Continued en Pago 2.)
KNOW YOUR
KAMPUS
Do you know that?
The wireless antenna that is su
spended from the top of Brace lab
oratory to the brick smoke stack of
the power house was formerly used
for broadcasting by station W. F. A.
V., the University's old broadcasting
station. W. F. A. V. had a daily
broadcasting schedule from 1922 to
1925 ind an irregular schedule from
1925 to 1927.
The present antenna replaced one
whjch hung from the east steel tower
of the power house to the tower of
U hall before the top of that building
was torn down. At the advent of
the Federal RalMo Commission the
University released its license and
since that time th antenna has been
used for experimental purposes, and
is invaluable in that CR to lay.
BUSKERS TAKE
PAIR OF FIRSTS
AT DES MOINES
Andrews Leaps 23 Feet 3 3-4
Inches to Take Event
From Jayhawker
TRUMBLE WINS HURDLES
Nebraska Two-Mile Relay Four
Lose Out to Illinois,
Placing Second
Two first places in the special
events, a second, and a tie for fourth
in the relay races were the points
scored by the University of Nebras
ka track athletes at the Drake Relays
held at Des Moines, Friday and Sat
urday, April 27 and 28. Coach Henry
F. Schulte, Husker mentor and Olym
pic coach, served as referee of the
meet.
Ralph Andrews leaped 23 feet
3 3-4 inches for a first in the broad
jump, beating out Spangler of Kan
sas by 1 3-4 inches. Harold "Timber"
Trumble, Husker hurdle mainstay,
after following Pahlmeyer, Wisconsin,-
displayed a brilliant finish and
won by two yards in the 120-yard
high barrier event, taking the tim
bers in 15.1 seconds, after running
his preliminary race Friday ia 14.9
seconds. A stiff wind hampered the
Husker star in the finals competition.
Places Second
Dexter, Janulewicz, Chadderdon
and Johnson, the Husker two-mile re
lay quartet, lost to the Illinois team
by a scant margin to take second,
place. The Illinois anchor man
sprinted to the tape for a thrilling
victory from Johnson who ran last
for the Husker team.
Nebraska's mile relay team, com
posed of Davenport, E. Wyatt,
Campbell and P. Wyatt, tied for
fourth with Texas. Iowa won tMs
eveiit.
Fleming qualified Tor the finals of
the high and broad jump, but failed
to place in the finals of either event.
Easter, Husker sprinter, was elimin
ated in the semi-finals of the hundred
yard dash Friday. Nineteen men
from Nebraska competed in the
Drake games.
TEXT BY WESEEN IS
APPROVED BY MANY
Authors and Critics Make Comment
On Handbook of Usages by
Nebraska Instructor
Reviews of commendation and ap
proval have come to the new dic
tionary of English grammar and
handbook of American usage by
Prof. Maurice H. Weseen, associate
professor of business English in the
University College of Business Ad
ministration. Professor Weseen is hailed by one
reviewer as "the American Fowler."
His book is "an invaluable work,"
writes A. Burstein, literary editor
of New York. "Here is an English
scholar more concerned with the liv
ing tongue than with the obscurities
of eighteenth century poetasters. We
bow to him and to his book."
The new dictionary attempts to
give a concise and accurate account
of everyday American speech, with
the aim to approach the idiom of the
people rather than the written lan
guage of the academicians. Edwin
Bjorkman, author and critic, writes
This is the reference book of my
heart's desire. To students and
teachers, to editors and writers, to
readers of copy or of proofs it should
be a godsend."
Dr. BrenkeWill Head
Nebraska Scientists
Brunig, Slaymaker, and Swenk Are
Elected to Offices at
Fremont Meeting
Dr. William Charles Brenke, pro
fessor -of mathematics, was named
president of the Nebraska Academy
of Sciences, Saturday at the close of
the thirty-eighth annual conference
held at Midland college, Fremont,
Nebraska.
Other University of Nebraska men
who were elected to offices were:
secretary, Prof. M. P. Brunig; trea
surer. Dr. P. K. Slaymaker; counci
lor,. Prof. M. H. Swenk. It was de
cided that acadeuiy meetings will
henceforth be held at the University
of Nebraska. Dr. A. L. Lugn and
Dr. H. M. Marvin spoke during the
final session.
Business Is Topic of
Talk by Professor Robb
Prof. P. Bruce Robb will address
the regular discussion hour meeting
of the University Club, Sunday af
ternoon, from 4 to 6 o'clock in the
club rooms.
His topic will be "Business Con
ditions." A general dfacuiwloni of
the subject will follow the talk.
New Director
I'Mf -
I '' . ;
If Hi
f . A,..:,t,
R. D. Moritz who has accepted the
offer of the board of regents to sue
ceed Dean W. E. Sealock as director
of the summer school. Dean Sealock
will instruct in Columbia this sum
mer.
COTNER INSTRUCTOR
WILL LEAD MEETING
'Raw Materials and Diplomacy'
To Be Subject of Institute
Address Monday
Prof. Vernom Cooper of the Euro
pean history department of Cotner
college, will lead the Institute of In
ternational Relations in its meeting
Monday evening at the First Chris
tian church. His subject will be
"Raw Materials and Diplomacy."
"All students are invited to attend
the Institute meetings," announced
one of its leaders. "We have been
very agreeably surprised by the
number of University of Nebraska
students who show themselves inter
ested in these important topics." The
meetings are held in the first Chris
tian church, located at Sixteenth and
K streets.
The speaker and discussion leader
for the next meeting has made
very close study of the problems
which are concerned in his topic
Professor Cooper's talk will start at
8 o'clock.
MAY DAY' BANQUET
IS COMING AFFAIR
Scholastic Standings Will Be Given
At Annual Sorority Event;
Program Arranged
The "May Day" Pan-Hellenic ban
quet which is scheduled for 6 o'clock
May 1, at the Coliseum will be one
of the most colorful formal dinners
of the year. The revealing of the
scholastic standing of the sororities
on the campus will be one of the
features of the evening.
Tables will be laid for the active
and alumni members of the twenty'
one national sororities represented
on this campus. It has been the cus
torn of the Greek letter organizations
to close their tables on the night of
the banquet and attend it one hun
dred per cent.
Mrs. J. J. Kiftler of Lawrence,
Kansas, will give the address of the
evening. Mrs. Kiftler received her
A. B. degree in journalism from the
University of Kansas in 1921, and
(Continued on Page 2.)
Blue Print for April
Has 45-Page Content
Campus Magazine Has Engineers'
Week Feature and Summary
Of Work of Year
With a forty-five page content the
Nebraska Blue Print, April number,
appeared on the campus as the larg
est issue ever published in the his
tory of the magazine.
Featuring the recent issue are ar
ticles written by both students and
professors. A brief survey and an
nouncement of the 1928 Engineers'
week, written by John M. Clema, E.
E., '29, appears on the introductory
pages of the magazine. The depart
ment heads of the college have com
bined their efforts in a summary of
the' year's work in each department.
Discussion of the recent Chicago in
spection trip is outlined by the ed
itors. (Continued on Pag 8.)
Co-Ed Tennis Tourney
Marks May Athletics
W. A. A. Points Will Be Awarded for
Participation Tournament
Eit Weiaeoajr
Tennis doubles and singles tour-,
nament will occupy most of the co
ed athletic calendar for the month
of May. W. A. A. points will be
awarded for participation in the tour
naments and five individual practi
ces muzt bs registered In the W. A.
A. office befor girl csn ntir
(Continued on S'z 3)
PRICE 5 CENTS
MORITZ WILL
TAKE POST OF
DEAN SEALOCK
Present Assistant Director
Will Act As Head of
1928 Sessions
HAS SERVED AS INSPECTOR
Nebraska Summer School Is
' In Ninth Position for
Number Enrolled
R. D. Moritz, director of the de
partment of educational service, will
succeed Dean W. E. Sealock as di
rector of summer school session this
imn t ratonoa rf TVia 10(Z10nRf li"lf1 AT
Dean Sealock from that position. '
At a recent meeting i the board
of regents, the position of director of
the summer school was offered to Mr.
Moritz, who has been the assistant
director of the summer session for
the last two years. Dean Sealock who
has been director of the summer
school session since 1922 has re
signed his position to accept a teach
ing position at Columbia university
this summer. He will teach two edu
cational courses, one graduate and
one undergraduate.
Former Superintendent
Mr. Mnrif-r 4o n rriHuatn of Hat-
ings college and has taken graduate
work at Columbia university. He is
former superintendent of schools at
Red Cloud, Nebraska, and inspector
of secondary educationary schools of
the state. He resigned as superin
tendent of schools at Seward in 1926,
to accept the appointment at the
University of Nebraska as director
of the department of educational
service and assistant director of the
summer school. He has three child
ren, the oldest, Dr. Allan Moritz, is
a graduate of the University, re
ceiving his A.B. in 1920, his M.A.
in 1921, and his M.D. in 1924.
With a total summer school en-'
rollment of 3401 last summer, Ne
braska ranked ninth among the larg
est universities in the United States.
Columbia ranked first with 13,687,
Minnesota, second with 7,123, Cali
fornia, third 6,839, Chicago 6,474,
Wisconsin 5,165, New York 4,453,
Iowa 4,095, Michigan 3,811, and Ne
braska 3,401.
Last summer, 684 students were
enrolled in the graduate college, 919
in liberal arts, 26 in dentistry, 2390
in education, 59 in engineering, 24
in law, 54 in medicine, 39 in pharm
acy, and 293 in other departments.
Since 1891, when 78 were enrolled
in summer school, the enrollment has
grown rapidly. Last summer the to
tal enrollment was 3,401. Directors
of summer school sessions who are
still actively connected with the Uni
versity are Professor Paul H. Grum
mann, Professor A. A. Reed, Dean
William E. Sealock, and the newly
appointed director, R. D. Moritz.
UNIVERSITY IS HOST
AT ACADEMIC I1EETS
High School Contest for Scholastic
Musical, Forensic and Athletic
Honors Is Next Week
Nebraska high school students will
turn towards the University next
Friday for the annual series of con
tests in scholastic, musical, forensic
and athletic fields.
The sixth annual interscholastic
academic contest will be held next
Saturday, and the fifth all-Nebraska
music competition on Friday and
Saturday. In the important academ
ic contest students from all parts
f the state, having won over others
in
preliminary competitions, will
contest for gold, silver and bronze
medals in twenty-one subjects rang
ing from spelling to trigonometry
and modern European history.
Last year more than 600 high
(Continued on Page 3)
hi Chi Theta Makes
Pledge Announcement
Phi Chi Theta, national commerce
sorority, announced its second semes
ter pledges yesterday. Irene Schaaf,
Lincoln; and Irene Jackson, Lincoln,
were pledged to the commercial sor
ority. Koimnt Klub Benefit
Bridge Nets Neat Sum
Eighty dollars was cleared at
the Kosmet Klub benefit bridge
sponsored by the Kppa Delta sor
ority Saturday. There will Pos
sibly bsJ ft few dollars more as
some of the houyss Lava not yvt
reported. Sixty-four dollars and
fifty cents was made from the tic
kets and 111 from candy. A
statement of the houses who sup
ported the bridge will be r.'vcn
the Kosmet Klub with t!.t 1
Monday rwd'ijf.