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The Daily Nebraskan
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VOL I, NO. 80
CHANGES IN DEBATE
DobatiDg Board Modifies Methods for
Choosing Contestants Pre
liminaries to bo Held
in Two Weeks.
Tho Debating Hoard which met
last evening, has taken further ac
tion to put Nebraska's interstate
debating work on a more stable tasis
than it has over been. Thje impor
tant action it took earlier in the
year It followed up last night by
ohanglog yet more completely the
method of picking out the dozen stu
dents upon whom tho University
confers tho distinction of represent
ing it in the intetcollegiato debating
contests.
TIIK NEW METHOD.
Tho new method Js as follons:
Instead of trying to do tho Impost
slblo tilings wisely to pick from
thirty or more speakers at tho pre
liminary debato, tho nine or dozen
by hearing them for only n few
minutes in rapid succession the live
Judges will select tho best fifteen.
Thcso fifteen will bo put into Mr.
Fogg's new course In debate
EngllBh 14 b which begins the Becond
semester; and according to tho skill
they exibit there in the give-and-take
of debate, ho and tho other
faculty mombers who havo uecn crit
icising tho debates in English 11 and
13, will appoint tho twelve members
of the three toaraB, taking into ac
count the opinion of the judges at
tnc preliminary. In the feeling that
this Btop waR a wise one In tho direc
tion of having the University's de
baters chosen with the greatest possi
ble oare, the board was unanimous.
A pleasing 'circumstance In con
nection with tho change is that tho
proposition that it bo mado this year
came from the candidates them
selves. They suggested it to Mr.
Fogg during the Christmas recess.
Sovoral other important motions
wore passed at yesterday's session of
the board.
THE PRELIMINARIES.
It voted to do away with tho cus
tom, heretofore in vogue, of making
public tho grades the Judges give tho
candidates appoinced at tho preli
minary contest.
Tho judges at the preliminary de
bato will bo Professor Caldwell, Pro
fessor Taylor, Professor Fling, Pro
fessor Hill and Professor Ross.
The preliminary debate will he held
at the convenience of tho judges,
oitber on Monday and Tuesday or
Tuesday and Wednesday overlings of
tho first weok of the second semestor,
February 3 and 4 or 4 and 5. Since
tho thirty-ono candidates are about
evenly divided between tho munici
pal ownorshlp and tho reciprocity
questions, tho board Voted to have
all tho speakers on the municipal
question appear the first evening,
and all on the reciprocity question
tho second.
LINCOLN, NEB., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 22, 1902.
The time allowed each speaker will
bo eight minutes, with warning at
the enu of seven. This length of
time the board thought was groat
enough for a candidate to show his
power at arguing. IT in that eight
minutes a candidate docs not satisfy
any member of the oommittec as to
his skill is rebuttal, tho members
may discover that power by asking
him a question, for Instance. Tho
order of the spcakors on to affirma
tive and on tho neaat've will bo de
cided by lot. Iq duo time tho can
didates will be assombled for thls
purpose. At the contest affirmative
undnegative speakers will, of course,
alternate.
The board voted to fix tho admis
sion fee to tho preliminary contest
at fifteen centB for one evening and
twenty-five cents for both.
STOCKMEN MEET.
The first program of the Nebraska
Improved Live Stock Breeders Asso
ciation was given last night in
Memorial hall. The meeting was
called to order by President Young
of Oakland.
Chancellor Andrews welcomed tho
association with a short address in
which he spoko or tho good results
that must como from all such meet
ings as this. Governor Savago being
out of the city was unable to fill his
part of tho program. An Interesting
as well as comical noem was recited
by A. L. Blxby. His early days on
tho farm was the theme. The poem
was so well received thut Mr. Blxby
was recalled to render another of his
rhymes. Professor Eugene Daven
port, Dean of the Illinois College of
Agriculture then read an interest
ing paper on "Tho relation of agri
cultural societies to advanced agri
culture." Ho showed that it re
mained with them to work the for
ward movement in agriculture; that
it was they alono who could take
tho initiative, for to do this, money
was required as well as knowledge,
no mado a plea for tho strong sup
port of agricultural colleges saying
that they were tho real moans of mak
ing investigation and spreading in
formation. At tho close of his ad
dress there was a general discussion
in which members of the association
participated.
Tho Board of .officers of the State
Historcial Society had a meeting last
week, and arranged for the society
work tho coming year and deoided
that E. E. Blackman, wlio started
the work in archaeology for the socie
ty last summer should give his entire
time this year.
The program of tho work of the
,titato Historical Society, for tho
coming year, will om brace tbb sub
ject cf old time steam boat traffic of
tho Missouri river. All work on this,
the coming year will bo in trying to
got all the information possible.
WILL GO TO COSTARICA
Professor Bruner to Study Insect and
Bird Life in Central Amorica
Will bo Absent
Two Months.
Professor Lawroneo Brunor, lioad
of tho department of entomology and
ornithology, has been gra ted a two
month leave of absence to go tn
Central Amorloi for scolntlflo re
search in tho interests of his depart
ment. He intends to leavo about
February 1.), going olrootly to Costa
Rica. This country has neon recogniz
ed as an open Held for investigations
along entomological lines and Profes
sor Bruner believes that much valua
ble material can bo obtained particu
larly In the matter of collections of
specimens.
Professor Bruner has mado several
of thcso long Investigatinc trips, tho
most notable of which, was In 1807
when he went to South America to
study tho urasshopper. MoBt of his
timo was spent In tho Argentine Re
public which was badly infected with
these Inseota. nis work whilo in
that country, won for him a nation
al reputation and ho has since been
recognized as one of the leaning men
of this country along entomological
and ornithological lines.
Besides this work in South America
he as made similar study in Mexico,
having visited that country twlco for
scientific research. Tho highly satis
factory results which Professor
Bruner has obtained, havo caused
a great deal of confidence to bo plac
ed iu him. Such an interest has
been shown in his work that a part
of the expenses of tho trip will do
borne by tho private subscriptions
or men who are in sympathy with
tho movement.
Profebsor Bruner will spend most
of his time In the region lying be
tween tho two proposed Isthmian
canals.
Ho will make a collection of in
sects, birds and animais for tho Uni
versity of Nebraska and other unl
veristles. Ho will be accompanied by two
University students, M. A. Oraiker,
and M. Cary who will assist him In
his work. Mr. Cariker is at present
an assistant in Professor Bruner's
department. Mr. Cary aiso assisted
In that department last year. Owing
to ill health he has not been in
school this year, but has been doing
active field work.
J. C. Crawford will have charge of
the work in Professor Bruner's de
partment during the letter's absence.
EARLY HISTORY OF CALI
FORNIA. Tho early history of California was
told in brief by Piofessor Caldwell at
convocation yesterday.
After reviewing the explorations
and early settlement of the territory
Professor Caldwell continued.
THREE CENTS
Tho first Pueblo in California was
built In 1777 nt San Jose and agricul
ture was begun. By tho year J800
eighteen missions had been estab
lished by tho friars, in 1822 Mexico
became indopondent and In tho some
yoar tho province of California was
organized under tho Mexican govern
ment. It was then that American
traoo began to establish itself, al
though tl'o Otter had touched at San
Francisco twenty-eight years boforo.
Overland connection between Call
fornia and tho east was established
in 1826 by trappors and hunters from
Missouri.
Tho names of threo men are to bo
considered as very Important in the
development of California, namely
Thomas O. Larkin, J. A. Sutlor, and
John C. Fremont. These men played an
important part In tho acquisition or
California, tho main reasons for which
wero given by American statesmen
thus; first, to keep England from ab
sorbing the territory; second, a desire
to extend slavery In the south: third,
tho American pcoplo believed that
they wero dcBtined to extond from
tho Atlantic to the Pacific.
Tho United States was willing to
buy California but Mexico refused to
sell, so tho advocates of territorial
cxpanlson began to think of plans oy
which thoy might get California.
One scheme was to got up a war with
Mexico and take tho territory by
force. Another was to colonize Cali
fornia. Still another was to got the
Spanish citizens of California into
tbo idea of separating from Mexico.
This was considered easy as tho pop
ulation was only ton thousand people
and thcso were divided Into two par
ties. Neither plan could bo carried out,
however, for John C. Fromoot took
things into his hands by secretly or
ganizing tho Bear Flag Republic. It
waa then reported that Goneral Cas
tro of the Mexican army wis coming,
and under pretext of acting for his
own safoty Fremont proclaimed him
self in favor of the republic and used
his power to take California from
Mexico.
While it is goncrally thought that
John C. Fremont was tbo hero in tho
affair, Professor Caldwell thinks that
Fremont endangered tho cause. He
brought matters to a focus at that
time when Admiral Seymour of tho
British navy, who was at San Fran
cisco, could easily have defeated his
plans, If American forces had nob ar
rived just then. Rut upon tho decla
ration of war against Mexico forces
arrived by sea and precluded the pos
sibility of Seymour's interference.
Fremont claimed to have been
authorized in his actions by Con
gress, but recent investigations by
examination of goverment docu
ments, show that Larkin was tho
one authorized , and that California
was almost ready to como into the
union by an act of her own people.
California remained under military
(Continued on 4th page '
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