A" , VI.
, " " "XW
10 Conservative *
THE ADAPTATION AND IMPROVE
MENT OF WINTER WHEAT.
| By T. L. LroiV , of the Nebraska Agricultural
Experiment Station. ]
The present northern limit of winter
whcnt production in the trnns-Missouri
region lies in the state of Nebraska ,
thus limiting the output to a portion
only of the nrable land in the state.
The spring wheat region protruding
south from the Dakotas overlaps the
winter wheat region to some extent ,
and thus winter wheat and spring
wheat are raised side by side.
The chief condition that discourages
winter wheat production in northern
Nebraska is the dry , cold , winter
weather. Spring wheat suffers from a
number of adverse conditions , due
mainly to its late ripening. This habit
increases the liability to injury from
chinch bug and grasshopper depredations
tions , and especially to injury from
dry , hot weather.
Winter wheat , as a crop for Nebraska ,
has enormous possibilities. Not only are
the large yields of this wheat such as to
recommend its culture to the farmers of
the state , but the quality of Nebraska
winter wheat gives it a high standing
among buyers and consumers. The con
ditions of climate that produce a mill
ing wheat of superior excellence are
found in the region of country border
ing on the semi-arid. It is worthy of
note that the great spring wheat produc
ing region borders on the semi-arid
belt in the north , while the region that
is fast becoming the center of winter
wheat production occupies a similar po
sition. farther south. It is very notice
able that the quality of hardness in
wheat improves as its culture approaches
preaches the semi-arid belt. Its ad
vantage over spring wheat is evident in
its larger yield , when not winterkilled ,
in its comparative freedom from insect
depredations , and in the protection it
affords the soil during a considerable
portion of the year. All these consider
ations make it highly desirable to im
prove our winter wheat in hardiness
and quality , so as to extend its growth
more widely throughout the state and
to increase its productiveness. Improve
ment in hardiness may be looked for
*
either by the introduction of hardy
varieties , by rendering hardier by selec
tion varieties already grown , or by a
combination of these processes. Improvement -
. provement in quality and productive
ness is to be sought in careful culture ,
fertile soil and rational selection of
seed.
To these ends this station has tested ,
during the last five years , one hundred
and eighteen varieties of winter wheat ,
many of which are foreign varieties ,
chiefly from eastern Russia. These
tests have thus far resulted in selecting
a few American varieties as especially
suited to Nebraska by reason of their
hardiness. Two of those , Turkish Bed ,
a bearded wheat , and Big Frame , a
smooth wheat , have boon pushed north
and west by distributing packages of
twenty pounds of seed to each of nearly
four hundred persons living north of
the Platte river , or west of the 100th
meridian. Reports from these attempts
have been very encouraging , the great
majority of trials having been success
ful.
ful.A
A number of Russian varieties have
shown themselves to bo very hardy , and
it is possible that some of these will
furnish the foundation for varieties
adapted to the northern portion of the
state. These Russian wheats are gen
erally late maturing sorts , which is a
considerable disadvantage in southern
Nebraska , but farther north this quality
is less objectionable , and when a variety
is sufficiently hardy to endure the
wiuteis , its advantage over spring
wheat is proportional to the difference
in the time of ripening.
Wheats from different sections of the
country have shown decidedly different
qualities when sown here from seed of
the same variety grown at the Experi
ment Station. Seed from more humid
regions , but from approximately the
same latitude , matured later and did
not yield so well as native seed , while
seed from central Kansas matured
earlier , and yielded slightly better than
native seed. The relative hardiness of
these alien wheats has not been thor
oughly tested , there having boon but
two severe winters since they have been
grown hero. In the winter of 189i-97 ( ,
and again in 1898-95) ) , Turkey wheat
from Kansas winterkilled almost com
pletely , while Turkish Red from Iowa
and Nebraska survived the winter
creditably. Judging from this it would
not always be safe to use Kansas-grown
seed.
IThefirst
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Cnrronondcncc School * ,
Bos. laiMf herimton , I'u.
PROBATE NOTICE.
In the mutter of the estate of Donald Mac-
Cuaig. deceased.
Notice is hereby given , that the creditors of
said deceased will meet the executrix of said
estate , before mo , County Judge of Otoo
County , Nebraska , at the county court room ,
in said county , on the 4th day of Juno , 1002 , on
the 4th dcy of August , 1902 , on the 4th day of
October , lOOi , at 2 o'clock p. m. each day , for
the purpose of presenting their claims for ex
amination , adjustment and allowance.
And the executrix is hereby ordered to post
a copy of this notice at the following places in
said county , to-wit :
One at the court house in Nebraska City ,
one at office of National Starch Company , one
at Merchants National Bank , one at Otoe
County National Bank , and file duo proof of
the same with the County Judge , on or before
the first day of hearing above given.
Six months are allowed for the creditors to
present their claims , and one year for the exe
cutrix to settle said estate , from the Urd day of
April , 1902.
This notice will bo published in The Con
servative for four weeks successively , prior to
the 4th day of Juno , 1902.
Dated at Nebraska City , Nob. , April ' 8rd ,
1902. WM. HAYWARD ,
Apr 10 4w County Judge.
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