Lttlv < - Afff * ' ' , \'J7 '
Conservative * u
West generally. Tlieso articles will
consist as far as possible of the lan
guage of the travelers themselves , and
will bo sufficiently copious to Rive an
idea of the personality of the writer ,
as well as of some important episode
in his western career. They will he
accompanied by such notes as are
deemed needful to put the matters
dealt with in a proper light.
We entertain a hope that this series
may prove of value to people who feel
an interest in the story'of the last
hundred years in the West , but who
have not access to the authorities ; to
people who are just beginning to take
notice of the great drama of the pioneers
neers , as the first of its centennials
draws near ; and to the schoolchil
dren , who may , wo hope , bo led to
study the history , as yet but little
prized , of their own race and country ,
in preference to that of other and dis
tant lands and peoples.
SUGAR STATISTICS.
"The World's Sugar Production and
Consumption , 1800-1900" is the title
of a monograph just issued by the
Treasury Bureau of Statistics. It dis
cusses the sugar production and con
sumption of the world during the
past century , and especially during
the last half century , in whidli the
burden of sugar production has been
transferred from cane to the sugar
beet , and in which the world has so
largely increased its consumption of
sugar. The world's sugar production
has grown from 1,150,000 tons in 1840
to 8,800,000 tons in 1900. During the
same period the world's population
has grown , according to the best es
timates , from 950,000,000 to about
1,500,000,000. Thus , sugar production
has increased about 650 per cent ,
while population was increasing about
50 per cent. Coming nearer homo
and considering the United States
alone , it is found that the consump
tion of sugar which in 1850 was only
22 pounds per capita , was in 1901 over
68 pounds per capita.
One especially striking fact shown
by the statistics presented in this
study is the rapidly increasing pro
portion of the world's enlarged sugar
consumption which is supplied by
beets. According to the figures pre
sented by this study , beets which
supplied in 1840 loss than 5 per cent
of the world's sugar , in 1900 sup
plied 07 per cent of the greatly in
creased consumption ; while cane ,
which then supplied 95 per cent of
the world's sugar consumption , now
supplies but 33 per cent. Stated in
quantities , it may be said that the
world's cane sugar supply has grown
from 1,100,000 tons in 1840 to 2,850-
000 tons in 1900 , an increase of 160
per cent ; while that of beets has
grown rom 50,000 tons in 1840 to
4 * - > w
5,950,000 tons in 1900 an increase of
11,800 per cent.
The figures above quoted include
hat portion which enters into the
world's statistical record of sugar
production , and does not include the
largo quantities of cane sugar pro
duced in India and China exclusively
for homo consumption , and in a con
siderable number of the tropical coun
tries does not include that portion of
the sugar consumed at home. Even
if these figures of cane sugar produc
tion for homo consumption wore ob
tainable , the production from beets
would still show a much more rapid
growth during the last half century
than that from cane. This apparent
ly , is due to two great causes : (1) ( )
the elimination of slavery in the
tropics , the seat of the principal sugar
production ; and (2) ( ) the intelligent
study of and government aid to the
production of beet sugar in the tem
perate /.one especially in European
countries.
One effect of this enormous increase
and the competition which has ac
companied the developments above
alluded to has been a great reduction
in prices to the consumer. The fig
ures of the bureau of statistics ob
tained from statements supplied by
importers of the cost in foreign
countries of the sugar which they
import show time the average cost of
the sugar imported in 1871-2 was 5.37
cents per pound and in the year 1899-
1900 , 2.49 cents per pound.
The sugar production of Franco has
grown from 23,000 metric tons in the
sugar year 1889-40 to 805,000 tons in
1899-1900 ; that of Germany from
12,659 metric tons in 1839-40 to 1,875-
000 tons in 1900-1901 ; Austria-Hun
gary , from 25,000 metric tons in 1853-
54 , the earliest date for which fig
ures are obtainable , to 1,120,000 tons
in 1899-1900 ; Russia from 19,000
metric tons in 1853-54 to 900,000 tons
in 1899-1900 ; Belgium from 12,000
metric tons in that year to 300,000
tons in 1899-1900 ; Holland , from 1,000
metric tons in 1860-61 to 180,000 tons
in 1899-1900. Turning to the cano
sugar production areas , in which the
statistics are not available for so long
a period , it is found that the exports
from the Philippine Islands increased
from 23,416 metric tons in 1849 to
283,000 metric tons in 1896. From
Cuba the exports in 1860 were 587,491
tons and in 1894 , 968,750 ; in Hawaii
the production lias grown from 11,200
tons in 1875 to 248,470 tons in 1899.
Java produced in 1884 , 888,866 tons
and in 1901 , 765,000 tons ; and Bra
zil , which in 1884 produced 268,885
tons , produced in 1901 , 215,000 tons.
The table which follows shows the
world's production of sugar from cane
and beets , respectively , at decennial
years from 1840 to 1900 , and the per
centage supplied by beets :
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