J :
Conservative *
iu his labors amoug the Quiviras. They
loved him as a father. "Wishing to ex
tend his field of labor and the sphere of
his influence he wanted to go to the Guas
Indians , who are the enemies of the
Quiviras. He left with a small escort
against the will of the Quiviras , who
did not like it that he should transfer to
some other tribe the blessings which he
brought them. On his way he met a
war party , and knowing their evil in
tention , , he urged the Portuguese , who
was mounted , to flee and to take with
him the "donadas" and boys , these be
ing able to run , and save themselves.
They all fled as he desired. Kneeling
down , ho received the death blow , offer
ing his life for the good of others. The
murderers allowed the Indians who
were with him to bury him. His grave
was covered with "innumerable stones. "
Meta Padella tells us that he was
pierced by many arrows.
Tkns the first religious martyr luithin
ike limits of the United States expired.
Thus the fn-st white man's blood was shed
on the soil of Kansas.
The date of the death of Friar Juan
do Padilla is given by Vendacurt as No
vember 80 , 1544 , while Castaneda and
Jaramillo in a general statement seem
to imply that it took place in 1542.
Mr. J. V. Brewer thinks he found his
death west of Reckon Springs in Dick
inson county , Kansas.
E. A. KILIAN.
Alma , Kaus. , Aug. 28 , 1901.
MASSACHUSETTS TREES.
Mr. John P. Brown , secretary of the
International Society of Arboriculture ,
who is visiting New England iu the in
terests of forestry , has given the Tran
script the following conclusions and val
uable suggestions , based upon his ob
servations thus far in Massachusetts :
"I have seen no real forests in this State.
There are very large areas of second-
growth pine , and abundant fieldscov ]
ered with worthless gray birch and other
trees of little character. It will be many
decades before these growths become of
any material benefit to the ownersor to
the State for taxation without extensive
changes in the character of the wood
growths. Valuable trees may be intro
duced and gradually the entire 'forest '
growth improved , if laud-owners will
make the effort. Where white pine pre
dominates it should bo protected , and
where too thin on the ground other
small trees should be transplanted to
give a proper stand.
"So long as the value of the forest
growth is estimated by the cord-wood
which it will produce , and owners are
satisfied with cord-wood profits , just so
long will the land bo considered unprofit
able. "When the owners desire a greatei
income i and are willing to make propei
efforts to secure it , it will be a simple
matter to have trees which will produce
lumber of highest value instead of cord-
wood profits. Nature never planted a
corn field or a wheat field , nor yet a
Baldwin-apple orchard. Here and there
were strewn a few grains , with many
weeds. Wild apples were planted with
other forest trees. Only by man's ef
forts were the grains separated from the
weeds and made to become productive.
Only by man's exertions were orchards
of Baldwins , Greenings and Belleflowers
grafted and collected in orchard form.
Et must be by man's labor and intelli
gence that your worthless , low-grade
wood lots become of value by planting
valuable sorts of trees and gradually de
stroying the tree weeds.
"About one hundred and seventy
grown trees may succeed upon an acre
of ground , sixteen feet each way. If
more are on the ground it will take Na
ture many years to kill off the surplus.
Intelligent men can accomplish this in a
few mouths. By cutting narrow , open
lines about sixteen feet , apart through
the young growths , and planting young
trees or even seeds in their furrows ,
they will gradually overcome the infer
ior brush , and take possession of the
land. White pine is a most valuable
native tree to use in this work. Larch ,
American or European , will succeed in
any portion of Massachusetts.
"Chestnut is of quite rapid growth , is
a valuable tree for lumber , for telegraph
and telephone poles , railway cross-ties
and fence posts. It will grow in almost
every portion of the State.
"Black walnut grows well here , and
is one of the truly valuable and quick-
growing trees. Black walnut lumber
will never be out of fashion , and will be
come quite profitable in twenty-five
years. The seeds should invariably be
planted where they are to remain , being
very difficult to transplant. Most other
trees should be grown in seed bed or
nursery a year , pines longer. It is bet
ter to buy pine trees a few inches high
than undertake growing them from
seed. There is no place in New Eng
land , except possibly upon bare rooks ,
were valuable trees will not grow ; some
kinds may be found suited to every lo
cality. It is totally unworthy of serious
'consideration , that because nature did
not plant valuable trees in a certain lo
cality , they will not succeed there.
Squirrels , birds and the winds are prom
inent factors in seed distribution. Trees
have simply adapted themselves to their
environments. The Arnold Arboretum
has proven that ten thousand kinds of
plants may succeed on Massachusetts
soils , which never were there until man
planted them.
"I have found a large number of catalpa -
talpa trees in New England , and iu every
case they are doing well , as imioh at
home here as in the Wabash valley oJ
Indiana , whore the tree originated. Al
Salem , Wellesley , Lawrence , Lowell
and other cities of Massachusetts , Man
chester and Concord in New Hampshire
are large numbers. On Boston paries
are several fine specimens. Of course
the worthless variety from the South is
also present ; perfectly hardy , but value
less. Some fifteen years ago quite a
number of trees (0. ( speciosa ) , were sent
'roin southern Illinois to a gentleman in
Manchester , N. H. These are now twelve
inches in diameter and twenty-five feet
in height , proving them to be almost as
rapid in growth as iu the West. There
will never be a time when good timber
trees will not be in demand. And too
many cannot be grown.
The manufactories demand good lum
ber. Railways require immense quan
tities of ties and other lumber , and five
hundred dollars or more per acre may be
obtained in twenty years jiist as well
as cord-wood prices. Yankee wit and
enterprise ought to stimulate New Eng
land farmers to the reproduction of
something better than gray birch and
aspens. If land is worth paying taxes
upon it should bo made to produce the
highest interest possible upon its capital
value. " Boston Transcript.
FROM THE BOTTOM TO THE TOP.
In a recent number of THE CONSER
VATIVE , Mr. Morton prints a sympo
sium the text "The '
, being Young Men's
Chances. " The contributors were all
men who had climbed from the bottom
to the top round in their respective pro
fessions , and the conclusion of all was
that there is greater demand for in
dustry , brains and honesty than ever
before. Certainly , the man who stands
around and growls and waits for fortune
to come to him , will wait a long time.
The fellow who knows what he wants
and goes after it , is the individual who
will perch upon the top round. The
men who occupy the best positions and
command the best salaries today will
have to retire , and will make room for
their successors before the young men
are prepared to take hold of the respons
ibilities , if they do not apply them
selves industriously. The symposium
was well worth a perusal and makes
that number of THE CONSERVATIVE of
special value to young men. Gage
County Democrat.
A VALUED EXCHANGE.
The "Conservative , " a weekly west
ern review edited by J. Sterling Morton
of Nebraska City , published on Aug. 15 ,
a symposium upon the subject : "What
Are Young Men's Chances ? " This was
of itself worth the subscription price to
any young man of spirit aspiring to a
name and place in the world. The Con
servative is unique among publications ,
daily , weekly , or monthly. It is a re
pository of history , literature and
science. It is edited by one who was
one of the strongest characters in Mr.
Cleveland's cabinet ; ho has established
his paper on its merits ; it has attained a
large circulation and each succeeding
number is a guaranty that the circula
tion will increase. We do not agree
with it in all of its utterances , but it is
such an excellent paper that we never
take into account that which we do not
agree with. It is a paper for the fam
ily , the office , college and the farm. Its
tone is healthful and inspiring , teaching
the highest morality and the most ele
vating ideas of citizenship. Ottumwa ,
V 9-
( la. , ) Independent.