The Conservative. 3
tion is carried out. In all England and
Wales , for some years previous to 185J3 ,
the proportional mortality by smallpox
was 21.9 to 1,000 deaths from all causes ;
in London it was but li ( to 1,000 ; in Ire
land , where vaccination is much less
general , it was 49 to 1,000 , while in
Connaught it was ( iO to 1,000. On the
other hand , in a number of European
states where vaccination is more or less
compulsory , the proportionate number
of deaths from smallpox varies from 2
per 1,000 of all causes in Bohemia , Lombardy -
bardy , Venice , and Sweden , to 8.JW per
1,000 in Saxony. Although' * ! ) ! many
instances persons who had been vacci
nated were attacked with smallpox in a
more or less modified form , it was not
iced that the persons so attacked had
been commonly vaccinated many years
previously. It would seem that the
mere lapse of time in many cases is suf
ficient to destroy the protective influ
ence of vaccination. The question very
naturally arises : For how long a period
does the protective influence last ? To
this it is impossible to give a definite
answer : it varies with different individ
uals. The same thing happens with re
gard to the protective influence of an
attack of smallpox itself ; in most per
sons it lasts for life ; many , after a per
iod more or less prolonged , are liable to
a second attack ; while cases have oc
curred in which a third attack has
proved fatal. The period of puberty is
generally thought to produce such
changes in the system as to destroy the
protective influence of vaccination. In
all cases revaccination would seem to be
a test of the loss or presence of the pro
tective influence ; to render this test cer
tain , where revaccination does not suc
ceed on first trial , it should be a secom'
time carefully performed. In the Prus
sian army in 1848 , 28,85 ! ) individuals
were revaccinated ; among whom , how
ever , in 657t5 ! the cicatrices of the pre
ceding vaccination were indistinct 01
invisible. Of these , 10,862 had regular
vesicles , 4,404 irregular vesicles , and
in 7,755 ! cases no effect was pro
duced. On a repetition of the vacci
nation in these last , it succeeded ii
1,579 cases. Among the whole iiumbei
successfully revaccinated either in 1848
or in previous years , there occurred bin
n single case of varioloid , and not one
case of smallpox ; while seven cases o :
varioloid occurred either among the re
cruits or among those revaccinated with
out success.
numbers of the
* .
AND > isw.
magazines are out
and one is struck with something unfa
miliar in their appearance ; they present
sent novel combinations , corresponding
perhaps to a change in our interests as a
people. The mother and child are stil
there , but alternating with generals o
admirals in uniform , whose names were
not known to us last Christmas ; the
V
shepherds keeping their flocks by night' '
re therebut in strange proximity to pic-
ures of battles in Cuba or the Soudan ;
and theangelio song of peace on earth to
nen of good will is mingled with , if not
overborne by , stories in English of victor-
ous warfare. The angels still have the
'rontispiece , the post of honor , in most
of the magazines , but in one they are
elegated to the back pages , among the
heatrical people , while The Cosmopoli-
an has neither angels , shepherds ,
Wise Men nor any other allusion to the
; raditions of the season though it has
plenty of war matter. Altogether it is
lalf ludicrous , half sad.
WHY ANOTHHIl T'AKTV ?
J. Sterling Morton thinks the country
iceds a new party. But it seems to
iave two already. If the present repub-
ican party and the present democratic
: wrty are not new parties , what are
; hey ? Louisville Courier-Journal.
Tlici/ are drunk !
Education which will make men and
women capable of living most completely
in this world is not always to bo secured
in colleges. That knov/ledge which is
most useful is not always the most orna
mental and that which is most ornate is
not generally the most useful.
Some no w s-
CIASS 1,120-
papers and some
orators protest
against class legislation in one sentence
and in the next tell what the state ought
to do for the poor man. Tin : CON-
SEKVATIVE can see no reason for legis
lating in behalf of either the rich or the
poor. In a government like this the
poor may soon become rich. And the
rich may with equal celerity become
poor.
All that the government ought to do
is to give every man , woman and child
an equal opportunity to get wealth by
industry , economy and intelligent man
agement and temperance.
There should be no laws discriminating
against corporate capital. All that legis
lation can do legitimately is to protect
every class of citi/ens equally in their
property , their pursuit of happiness , and
their civil and religious rights.
Social advancement and exaltation
must be a normal growth. The arts and
sciences and all well-directed efforts foi
intellectual and industrial development
are paving the way for higher and
better living by all the people of the
United States.
The wealthy citi/.on of one hundred
years ago did not and could not , with
all his money , have one-half the com
forts in his house , one-tenth the con
veniences in traveling that a thrift j
day laborer in Nebraska City enjoys ii
18 8. In cottages owned by factory
employed men and women in Nebraska
City , the comfort of gas light , electric
light and pure water is always present
But in 1798 not oven the Asters and i
Girards could have such luxuries.
The best cabin passage across the At
lantic a hundred years ago did not fur-
as much of luxury and satisfactions as
the steerage in one of the first-class
steamers of today.
The inland traveler of the United '
States one hundred years ago paid more '
than ten times as much per mile for trans
portation as is now paid to a palace car , j
and twenty times as much time was
then consumed in making any journey.
The improved transportation of our day
by which "the poor and the weak , "
in whoso behalf persons pursuing office
so often talk , are carried from crowded
populational centers out into the pure
air of the country and to fresh lands
where labor is needed , is the result
of incorporated capital , which has done
more for humanity than all the social re
form societies on earth.
Thoughtful men do much more for
the race than talkful men. The former
help men to help themselves. The lat
ter teach men to look for help from oth
ers , especially from legislation and the
government.
"If words like wise and foolish ,
thrifty and extravagant , prudent and
negligent , have any meaning in lan
guage , then it must make some differ
ence how people behave in this world ,
and the difference will appear in the po
sition they acquire in the body of so
ciety , and in relation to the chances of
life. They may then be classified in
reference to these facts. Such classes
will always exist ; no other social dis
tinctions can endure. If then , we look
to the origin and definition of these
classes , wo shall find it impossible to
deduce any obligations which one of
them bears to the other. Glass dis
tinctions simply result from the differ
ent degrees of success with which men
have availed themselves of the chances
which were presented to them. "
"Instead of endeavoring to redistrib
ute the acquisitions which have been
made between existing classes , our aim
should be lo incmixe , nniltli/ ! tint ! c.r-
ifnd Hie cJntncca. "
This is the work of civilization. Re
move old errors , abolish old abuses.
Thus make new chances for new de
velopments in the social and industrial
world.
Every improvement in education ,
science , art or government expands
maii's jhances on earth. Exit this ex
pansion does not guarantee equality.
Some will profit , some will neglect. The
greater the chances the more unequal
will bo the fortunes between intelligent
and industrious men on one side and
ignorant and idle men on the other.
And this is just , this is right. Legisla
tion could not change it if it would and
would not if it could. The decree in the
great contest of life , uttered by nature
and inspired by logical truth is , may
the best man win I
