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INDEPENDENCE
ON THE FARM
GLENOID RESULTS FOLLOW
FARMING IN THE CANADIAN
WEST.
Americans In Canada Not Asked to
Forget That They Were Born
Americans.
Farm produce today is remunera
tive, and this helps to make farm life
agreeable. Those who are studying
the economics of the day tell us that
the strength of the nation lies in the
cultivation of the soil. Farming is no
longer a band-io-mouth existence. It
means Independence, often affluence,
but certainly independence.
Calling at a farm house, near one of
the numerous thriving towns of Al
berta, in Western Canada, the writer
van given a definition of "iiidepen
dence" that was accepted as quite
original. The broad acres of the farm
er b land had a crop and a bplendid
one. too. by the way ripening for the
reapers work. The eveuness of the
crop, covering field after field, attract
ed attention, as did also the neatness
oi iLe surrounding s. the well-built sub
fcianua story-and-a-half log bouse, and
tiie well-rounded side o! tbe cattle.
Uls broken English be was a French
Canadian was easily understandable
fend pkasaut to litten in Me bad
come there from Monti eal a year ago.
Lati paid $1'0 an aire iyr U.e J-O-acie
larm. with the little iii.riuvtn:et it
lad. He had neer lartued "ueture. yet
his crop was excellent, giving evi
dence as to the quality nt the will, and
the gjod judgment that bad tnen ns.e .
In ita preparation And brains conn
In laruilng as v. ell as "brw Aked
Low be liked it there, he biiaighiened
Lis broad shoulders, and with hand
outstretched towards the waving fields
of grain, this young French Canadian,
model of symmetrical build, replied:
"Be gosh, yes. we like him the
farmin' well, don't we. Jeannette?"
as he smilingly turned to the young
wife standing near. She had accom
panied him from Montreal to his far
west home, to assist him by her wifely
help and companionship, in making a
new home In this new land. "Yes, we
come here wan year ago, and we never
farm before. Near Montreal, me
lather, he kep de gris' mill, an de
rardin' mill, an be gosh! he run de
cheese factor' too. He work, an me
work, an us work tarn har', be gosh!
I's work for de farmer; well 'den,
aometln' go not always w'at you call
RANG THE BELL, ALL RIGHT
&
ifiW
atmtn of Yifld of Wheat in Wnrrrn Canada (or
1910 More Than One Hundred If aboa Basacb.
de right, an de farmer he say de'
mean ring, be gosh! and tell us go to
well, anyway he tarn mad. Now,"
nd then he waved his hand again
towards the fields, "I 'ave no bodder.
no cardin mill, no gris mill, no cheese
factor'. I am now de farmer man an'
when me want to, me can say to de
oder fellow! you go Well, we
"Ike him the farmin'." And that was
a rood definition of independence.
Throughout a trip of several hun
dred miles in the agricultural district
of Western Canada, the writer found
the farmers In excellent spirits, an
optimistic feeling being preralent
ererywnere. it will be interesting to
rtbe thousands on the American side
of the line to know that their rela
tives and friends are doing well there,
that they have made their home In a
country that stands up so splendidly
under what has been trying conditions
In most of the northwestern part of
the farming districts of the continent
With the exception of some portions
of Southern Alberta, and also a por
tion of Manitoba and Southern Sas
katchewan the grain crops could be
described as fair, good and excellent.
The same drought that affected North
nd South Dakota. Montana, Minne
sota, Wisconsin and other of the
northern central states extended over
Into a portion of Canada Just men
tioned. But in these rortions the
crops for the past four or five years
were splendid and the yields good.
The great province of Saskatchewan
has suffered less from drought in pro-1
l-oruon to ner area' under cultivation
than either of the other provinces. On
the other hand, instead of the drought
being confined very largely to the
south of the main line of the C. P. R.
It Is to be found in patches right
through the center of northern Sas
katchewan also. In spite of this, how
ever. Saskatchewan has a splendid
crop. A careful checking of the aver
ages of yield, with the acreages in the
different districts, gives an average
yield of 15 bushels to the acre.
In Southern Alberta one-fifth of the
winter wheat will not De cut. or has
been re-sown to feed. There are ts
divllual crops which will run as high
as 45 bushels on acres of 600 and 1.009
acres, but there are others which wlii
drop as low as 15. . safe average lor
winter wheat will be 19 bushels. Tbe
sample Is exceptionally Cue. excepting
in a few cases where it has been wiin
kled by extreme heat.
The northern section cf Alberta -eaa
been naturally anxious to impress the
world with the fact that It has not
suffered from drought, and this Is quit
true. Wheat crops run from 20 to 30
bushels io an acre, but In a report
such as this it Is really Ouly possible
to deal with the provlp-o as a whole
and while the estimate may seem very
low to the people of Alberta. It Is fair
to the provibce throughout.
When the very light rainfall and
other eccentricities of tbe past season
are taken Into account. It seems noth
ing short of a miracle that the Cana
dian West should have produced 102
million bushels of wheat, which la
less than IS million bushels short of
the crop of 1909. it is for the West
generally a paying crop and perhapi
the best advertisement the countr;
lias ever had, as it shows that no mat
ter bow dry the year, with thorough
tillage, good see'd and proper methods
of conserving the moisture, a crop can
always be produced.
As some evidence of the feeling of
the farmers, are submitted letters
written by farmers but a few days
ago. and they offer the best proof that
can be given.
Maidstone. Sask . Aug. 4. '10.
I came to Maidstone from Menoml
nee. Wis., four years ago. with my
parents and two mothers We all lo
cated homesteads at that time and
now have our aients. Tbe soil is a
rich black loam as good as I have ever
seen. Wo have ha J good ciops each
year and in 1909 they weie exceeding
.V Clod. Wheat vielriin? frnm ' in .!)
- ------,-, ..v.. H -v m -0
nusbols per acre and oats from 40 to
' We ar- well pleased with the
country and do not care to return to
ur uathe state. I certainly believe
that Saskatchewan is just the place
for a hustler to get a start and make
himself a home. Wages here for farm
labor range from $35 to $45 pel
month. Lee Dow.
Tofield, Alberta, July 10. 1910.
I am a native of Texas, the largest
and one of the very best states of the
Union. I have been her three yean
and have not one dec'ri. to return to
the States to live. There is no plac
I know of that offers such splendid
inducements for capital, brain and
brawn. I would like to say to all who
are not satisfied where you are, make
a trip to Western Canada; if you dc
not like it you will feel well repaid
for your trip. Take this from one
who's on the ground. We enjoy splen
did government, laws, school, railway
facilities, health, and last, bat not
least, an ideal climate, and this from
a Texan. O. L. Pughs.
James Normur of Porter, Wisconsin,
after visiting Dauphin. Manitoba,
says: "I have been In Wisconsin 23
years, coming out from Norway. Nevei
have I seen better land and the crop
in East Dauphin are better than i
have ever seen, especially the oata
There Is more straw and it has heav
ier heads than ours in Wisconsin.
"This Is Just the kind of land we
are looking for. We are all used to
mixed farming and the land we have
seen Is finely adapted lo that sort of
work. Cattle, hogs, horses and grain
will be my products, and for the live
stock, prospects could not be better.
I have never seen such cattle as are
raised here on the wild prairie grasses
and the vetch that stands three or
four feet high in the groves and on
the open prairie.
tf OuLda
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ULACHANT
The old Indian
turned his face from
the cam n fire and
fixed bis bead-black
eyes on mine.
"Oulachan." I re
peated. "Why do men
call you Oulachan?"
He turned his wrin
kled face to the fire
again and e sat
n w h 1 1 e in silence.
Then. In the deep gutturals and short,
broken words of his native tongue, he
told me.
"Many summers ago." he paid, "the
teepees of my father's tribe stood
where we sit tonight. The white man
was not here then" he pointed up
the river toward Kelso "the woods
and the open were the Indian-. The
Indian hunted and fished and was
happy. But white men came up the
big river in canoes and they brought
with them the black death. Warriors,
klootchmen. panpooses. all alike sick
ened. Many died. Wheu the rain
and the winter came, no deer meat,
no fish nuns; beside the teepees. For
when the frost drove the black dath
away, the hunttrs were weak. They
could not go to tbe woods fcr deer,
-uid the salmon had passe! on up the
little river. The Indian was very
hungry. The Mr-otehtnen ami the
nappcoses cried Tor meat. And when
the Indian was ready to fold his blan
ket around him and lie down to the
long sleep, the Great Spirit saw and
sent food. From the north it came,
from under the frozen water. Swim
ming together. A long rope big
many suns long. Many little fish swim
ming at the bottom of the big wa
ter "the Pacific "along the bottom
of the big river" the Columbia. "They
came here to the mouth of the little
river" he pointed to the Cowllta
flowing past us in the darkness to the
Columbia "and here they came to the
top of the water. My father saw
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Sir Wilfred Laurler Talks to Amtr
leans.
Sir Wilfred Laurler. Premier of
Canada. Is now making a tour of
Western Canada and In the course of
his tour he has visited many of the
districts in which Americans have set
tled, lie expresses himself as highly
pleased with them. At Craig. Sas
katchewan, the American settler
joined with the others in an address
of welcome. In replying Sir Wilfred
said In part:
"I understand that many of yon
have come from the great Republics
to tbe south of us a land which is
akin to us by blood and tradition. I
hope that in coming from a free coun
try you realize that you come also to
another free country, and that al
though you came from a republic yon
have cjime to what Is a crowned
democracy. The King;, our sovereign,
has perhaps not so many powers as
the President of the United States,
but whether we are on the one side
of the line or the other, we are all
brothers by blood, by kinship, by ties
of relationship. In coming here as
you have come and becoming natural
ized citizens of this country no one de
sires you to forget the land of your
ancestors. It would be a poor man
who would not always have In his
heart a fond affection for the land
which he came from. The two greatest
countries today are certainly the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland and the Republic of the Unit
ed States. Let them be united to
gether and the peace of tbe world
will be forever assured.
"I hope that In coming here as you
have, you have found liberty. Justice
and equality of rights. In this coun
try, as in your own. you know nothing
of separation of creed and race, for
you are all Canadians here. And If
I may express a wish It is that yon
would become as good Canadians as
you have been good Americans and
that you may yet remain good Amer
icans. We do not want you to forget
what you have been; but we want you
to look more to tbe future than to the
past. I.et me. before we part, tender
you the sincere expression of my
warmest gratitude for your reception."
trsiy rJrt'&fiffitrrtr
Serving Two Masters.
"Can a man serve' two masters"
excialmed John M. Callahan, candi
date for the Democratic nomination
fof secretary of state, at a meeting
In Eagles' hall the other night "I
say he cannot, and that reminds me of
tba answer I got from an Irish friend
of mine when I askea him the same
question.
"Kin a man serve two masters. Is
t." says ay Iriah friend. "01 only
knowed waa man that could do ut. and
In the ind they seat him to Jail fer
uramyl" Milwaukee Wisconsin.
The Right Way.
William Muldoon, tbe noted trainer.
! was talkin. apropos of the Jeffries-
Johnson fight, of training.
"In training." he said, "the strictest
obedience is required. Whenever I
think of the theory of training I think
of Dash, who, after 18 years of mar
ried life. Is one of the best and hap
piest husbands in tho world.
"'Dash.' I once said to .him. wclL
Dash, old man. how do yoa take mar
ried lifer
"According to dlractloaa,' a re
oiled."
them and shouted. 'Oulachan.' Hunters and
klootchmen went into the water and caught the
oulachan with their hands. 'Oulachan.' they
shouted. They made potlach and were filled. In
that hour was I born. My name is Oulachan."
Tbe oulachan btill runs in the Cowlitz and
every year there is a feast, but it is a feast for
white men; the Indian tribes have vanished
from the river. During the early months of win
ter Portland and all the cities and towns within
reach of the fishing grounds look forward to the
feast In the old days when Portland was the
only market fishermen scrambled for the first
of the run. A wild race of the deep-laden boats
tup the Columbia followed, and tbe first boatload
to reach the market sold, smelt for silver, weight
for weight But since railroads and refrigerator
cars have put smelt fishing on the basis of a
practical Industry, the first run of the oulachan
does not bring more than 20 cents the pound in
the northwestern retail markets, though the very
first to arrive are eagerly sought at prices some
what higher.
Known commercially as the Columbia river
smelt, the king of pan fish has several names.
Ichthyologists classify it as thlelchthys pacificus,
of the smelt family. The Indians of tbe Colum
bia river region knew it as oulachan and the pio
neer fishermen called it tbe Eskimo candle fish.
In shape it resembles the smelt of the eastern
Ftatcs and Europe, but its rich yet delicate and
sweet flavor places it far above tbem in tbe esti
mation of the epicures. Indeed, enthusiasts Insist
that as a pan fish it is superior to trout of any
kind.
For unnumbered years the oulachan has made
the Cowlitz river its spawning ground and of
course the Columbia river Indians were the first
to use it for food. During the runs they caught
the fish in vast quantities drying and smoking
them, and dried, actually used them for light
fn their teepees. For so much is the oulachan in
oil that, with a strip of bark run through it, the
dried fish will burn with a clear flame from nose
to tall.
In the early months of the northwestern win
ter the oulachan gather In uncountable millions
at some unknown Fpot In Bering sea and begin
their southward swim. Always close to the ocean
bed, traveling in the form of a monster rope miles
In length, they pass all the river and ficrd open
ings along tbe coast until the mouth of the Co
lumbia Is reached. Then, so closely hugging the
river bottom that kill nets are all but useless,
to reach them, they make for the Cowlitz. A
few miles up from tbe month of that river they
strike the shallower water, and come within easy
reach of the waiting fishermen.
From Indian times until the great catch of
last season the method of fishing has been the
same. A boat or a canoe to fish from, and a dip
net with a long handle for fishing tackle, are all
that Is necessary. One
does not even need the
dip net to catch a
"mess." for the river "is
literally alive with ou
lachan and children oft
en bail them out of the
water with tin cans, get
ting hair fish and half
water. Where the wa
ter is shallow enough
they can even be caught
with the bare hands, as
their skin is not slimy
when In the water.
The run is always
heralded far down the
Columbia by flocks of
eagles, gulls and hawks, following in the wako
of the living rope of fish and picking up the
dead as they come to the surface. Then the fish
ermen gather by hundreds in their boats along
the fishing grounds and feel along the bottom
with the iole ends of their dip nets. When the
pole strikes the small, wriggling bodies swim
ming along the river bottom in solid phalanx,
it is simply dip and fill, empty the net into the
boat, dip and fill again, until the boat can hold
no more. There is not much sport about it. It
is just about as exciting as clam digging and
requires no more skill. Quantity caught, and
quickness in dipping one's boat full to the gun
wales of flapping little fish are the smelt fisher
man's ideals of sport And during the runs fish
ermen, fish eaters and even the eternally gob
bling seagulls alike become sated. When the
gulls are at all hungry the fishermen amuse
themselves by tossing up smelt for the gulls to
catch in the air. A seagull on the wing will grab
a fish by tbe middle or tall, toss and reverse It
in air. and gulp It down head first in the wink
of an eye.
Most of the fishing is done at night Daylight
seems to scatter the fish, but even In daytime
during the height of the season tbe fishermen
keep at their work with good results. As a rule,
there are two men to each boat and the craft
are filled in an Incredibly short time. One night
last season two Kelso men filled a power launch
to its capacity of 2.250 pounds in 45 minutes, or
at the rate of 50 pounds a minute, and catches
of 10.000 pounds in one day and night were fre
quent White the Cowlitz river Is the only constant
spawning ground, the oulachan has been known
to run up the Lewis and the Sandy. At the time
of the run up the Lewis. 14 years ago. tliere was
only a small run of male fish In the Cowlitz, and
the fishermen made their season's catch In the
Lewis. About once In eisht years there Is a run
up the Sandy, apparently Independent of the
Cowlitz run. as the number in that river Is not
lessened. At the time of the last run in thu
Sandy a party of Portland men went out with dip
nets. One man lost his dip net but found an
old, rusty, discarded bird cai;e. He tied it to
the end of a pole and scored an equal c-itch with
the others. Ditrlng the same run famers d;ove
their wagons into the stream, dipped them full
tif fish and hauled load after load to their or
chards to use as fertilizer. Pork sold in ' the
Portland market some months later had a dis
tinctly fishy flavor and revealed the fact that
some of tbe thrifty agriculturists had fed smelt
to their hogs.
Last season the Cowlitz river was the spawn
ing ground of the greatest run of smelt ever
known by fishermen who have been in the busi
ness over twenty years. At the season's close
the river had yielded over 10.000.000 pounds, or
5.000 tons of oulachan. and as the fish average
about eight to the pound 80.000.000 of them went
the way of the market and tbe frying pan.
The fishing grounds of the Cowlitz are prac
tically the only ones where the oulachan can be
caught in paying quantities. On the Columbia
some few are caught by gill netters. But tbe
river is deep and for the most part the fish swim
beyond the reach of the widest net Even when
caught they have to be picked one by one out
of the meshes, so putting the gill netter out of
competition with the Cowlitz man and his greedy,
long-handled dipper. The grounds extend but
eight or ten miles in the Cowlitz. Before Kelso
was on the map the best location Is said to have
been directly opposite where the Northern Pa
cific depot now stands, but the growth of the
town has driven the fish farther up and the best
catches are now made two miles above this point.
Between the small floating docks of the town
and the fishing grounds boats ply day and night
during tbe runs, going upstream empty and re
turning laden with fish. Over 500 boats are em
ployed in the industry, about 75 of them power
boats.
It seems strange that the oulachan. so far
superior to the eastern smelt has never reached
the eastern markets. The fish are packed in
50-pound boxes for shipment and tbe earlier
catches sell in the wholesale market at from
$2.50 to $5.00 the box; but in the height of the
season the ordinary fisherman gets only about
$50 for 200 boxes 10,000 pounds. On the river
are several men who buy at these prices from
other fishermen, maintain boats of their own
and ship direct to retail markets. Portland has
wholesale buyers on the ground, and probably
the greater part of the retail trade is supplied
through them. At Kelso smelt have been shipped
as far east as Wisconsin. The fishermen say
that with cold storage facilities the output could
be greatly increased. Canning in tbe form of
sardines has never been tried, though in the
opinion of experts tbe fish so treated would dis
count the Imported sardine. The market is usu
ally demoralized early in the five months' sea
son by schoolboys, who go out load up a few
boats with fish and become an easy mark for
buyers. Often, too. Greeks and Italians come up
the river in boats, stay a day or two and sell
their fish fcr whatever they can get. and the men
regularly engaged in the trade want to make it
a licensed one, on this account.
Tbe growing output of the oulachan would
seem, on the face of it. to dsmand a Gilford Pin
chot on the fish commission. But the supply
Increases year after year with the demand and
apparently knows no limit. Last year's run
broke all records and the Cowlitz smelt fisher
is looking forward In happy confidence to the
coming winter, when the deeps and shallows of
the streams will again be filled with oulachan.
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Smudge He calk kto :
a -"-noiseless autoavobOe."
Grudge Noiseless? It:
fernal clatter.
Smudge He claims that the
nees of the smell drowns out the kMsV
ness of the noise, and Tics versa.
Opportunity of Suffragist.
Baroness Aletta Korff tells la eaa
of the magazines how the womea sC
Finland came to vote. The fact is
that womea had tg show that they
could meet an emergency before tfc
vote cams to them. They have aet
had many opportunities to take taw
Initiative In the world's history aa4
they have not always responded waea
the opportunity came, but whea a
crisis, such as that In 1904. whea the
strike and the revolutionary outbreak
in Russia took place at the same time,
occurred, they proved they coaU
make peace by doing It Not until
England and the United States fins',
the women helping them to bear some
great trouble will they give them tkw
right to vote.
Globular Lightning.
Yesterday the Inhabitants of Lewis
ham were provided with a speclrasa
of that curious phenomenon known as
"globular lightning.- It la what la
commonly called the "fire ball.- sa4
as it persists for several seconds it la
obviously of a totally different char
acter from aay other form of llgkS
nlng. It la muck less brilUaat than
ordinary lightning, aai lta brightness
appears to be that of Iron at the "red
hot" stags.
It la not, as ssas accounts might
lead one to Infer, a solid missile, but
It Is always spherical and appears to
fall from a thunder cloud by Its owa
gravity, sometimes rebounding after
striking the ground. London Globs.
Try ts Corns Back.
Not long ago Lord KInnalrd. who Is
always actively Interested In religious
work, paid a surprise visit to a mis
sion school in the east end of London
and told a class of boys the story of
Samson. Introducing bis narrative,
his lordship added:
"He was strong, became weak, and
then regained his strength, enabling
him to destroy his enemies. Now,
boys. If I bad an enemy, what would
yon advise me to do?"
A little boy. after meditating oa tba
secret of that great giant's strength,
shot up his band nd exclaimed: "Get
a bottle of 'air restorer."
Scandal.
Mrs. Slmmonds glanced at tie scare
headline: "Bank Robbed! Police at
Sea!" and laid down the sheet
"Naow, look at that Ex!" she ejac
ulated, repeating the headline afoul
"Here's a big city bank broke Into by
burglars, and tk' city police force all
off flshia' somewhere! What a
dair Judge.
Mere Men.
He I dreamt last night that your
mother was 11L
She Brute! I heard yoa laugh la
your sleep. Life.
"NO FRILLS
Just Sensible Food Cured Him.
Sad Blow.
"W.n3 she overcome by her husband's sudden
death?"
"Oh. yes. She had Just bought half a dozen
new ball gowns." Birmingham Age-Herald.
Scaring.
"She married an old man who Is very rich."
"I went one better on that. I married a young
aviator who is a millionaire. Pele Mele.
Hard to Convince.
Little Tommy (eldest of the family, at dinner)
Mamma, why don't you help me before Ethel?
Mamma Ladies must always come first
Tommy (triumphantly) Then why was I bora
before Ethel ? Tit-Bits.
DUTIES OF JUST ONE DAY
Some of the Numerous Burdens Which
the President Is Called Upon
to Bear.
The private burdens that are un
loaded on the president's broad shoul
ders are enormous, writes William
Bayard Hale. An army lieutenant who
has had a fall from his horse and who
contracted fever la the Philippines
has come to a moment when he must
be examined for promotion. He could
never pass an examination. Personal
friends of every friend of President
Taft bring in the officer's mother and
make a plea for action !n bis behalf.
A youth prospering at West Polat has
developed suspicious heart symptoms.
His father, eon of a former pre.-idem
of the United State, speed to tbe
White House and lays the case before
the commander-in-chief. A letter is
written directing the army depart
ment to take no action until a Johns
Hopkins specialist has reported. A
modest colonel, ranking first in senior
ity and third In rank In hi "-fth
recommendations from every brigadier
under whom he has beived. u l.ot.
been recommended for promo ion. Th
son of an old crony of Mr T.ift turn?
up with a pea. he widow of a civil
servant who committed imlcide. leav-
looked after. But there is. not a single
vacancy outside of the classified serv
ice. Of course these things ought never
to come to tbe president at all. But
what is to be done when a senator or
a near friend brings them up? A presi
dent's day Is thus "orvled with a mul
titude of private jnrrowg and needs.
Perversity cf Finny Things.
"Rivers, did you find the fish biting
well?"
Inj his Jatnily in poverty, taut be "Not well. Brooks, but too vecly.
Sometimes a good, healthy commer
cial traveler suffers from poorly se
lected food and Is lucky If he learns
that Grape-Nuts food will put him
right
A Cincinnati traveler says: "About
a year ago my stomach got in a bad
way. I had a headache most of the
time and suffered misery. For several
months I ran down until I lost about
0 pounds in weight and finally had to
give up a good position and go home.
Any food that 1 might nse seemed to
nauseate me.
"My wife, hardly knowing what to
do, one day brought home a package
of Grape-Nuts food and coaxed me to
try it I told her it was no use but
finally to humor her I tried a little,
and they just struck my taste. It
was the first food I had eaten In near
ly a year that did not cause any suffer
ing. "Well, to make a long story short. I
began to improve and stack to Grspe
Nuts. I went up from 125 pounds la
December to 194 pounds the following
October.
"My brain is clear, blood all
right and appetite too mack for aay
man's pocketbook. In fact. I am thor
oughly made over, and owe it all to
Grape-Nuts. I talk so muck aeoat what
Grape-Nuts will do that some of the
men on the road have nicknamed ma
Grape-N-uts.' but I stand today a
healthy, rosy-cheeked man a pretty
good example of what the right kind
of food will do.
"Yoa can pitb!!?h thta If you want to.
I It is a true stale-meat without any
iriliK."
Read tbe little book. "The Road to '
Well ville." In pkgs. "There's a Reason."
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