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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 9, 1910)
kx S W?" "T V FRISCHHOLZ BROS. SHOES CLOTHING Gents' Furnishing Goods RELIABLE GOODS AT RIGHT PRICES. FRISCHHOLZ BROS. 405 11th Street, ITEMS OF INTEREST IIOWKI.I.S From tho.lournul. Mre. James Hughes, one of the pio neer women of northeastern Oolfax co unty, died at the family home at Schuy ler on Saturday Inst. The deceased was seventy yeara of age and hud been u resident of this county since the spring or 1S72. She waB a noble woman anil theuewBof her deatli brings genuine sorrow to the heurtn of those who knew her. Anions a bunch of cattle that J. K. Seinerad of Maple Creek irecinct had on the South Omaha, market on Tuesday wore twelve high grade hereford Bteers, two year olds, that had been on a feed of alfalfa and corn for only eighty-six days that showed au uverngo weight of 1,133 poundrt. The twelve brought Joe $77i. 70, anil ho is more than ever convinced that it pays to raise and feed good stock. ST. KDWAUD From tbi Advance. Mrs. Chus Kendell left yesterday for Columbus to visit her parents, Mr. and Mre. II. Weisentluh. Mrs. Leo Mullen of Columbus return ed home yesterdny after a brief visit to her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Farrow. Mrs. Shell Clark and daughter. Miss Kntli Clark, left Tuesday for Fremont where they will visit Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Freeman. Mrs. Frank Bruno left Tuesday for Columbus where she will enter St. Mary's hospital to prepare for a surgical operation. Word comes from Geo. lleeder who was taken to St. Mary's hospital, Colum bus, last Thursday, that he is at present much improved in health. His riiht foot was amputated the fore part of the week and for a few days his condition was considered very critical. Ilis phy sicians now believe that his chances for recovery are good. PLATTE CKNTEK From the Signal. Henry Johannes, of Grand Prairie, hauled oleyen pigu to this market Mou day that weighed ::1S pounds each. They were Duroc Jerseys, and but ten months old. Frank Coupons and Miss Catherine J'orman were married Monday morning at St. Joseph's church in Platte Center. Kev. Father Angelus olllcinting. These young people live in this neighborhood, the bride being a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Forman, and the giooin a son of Mr and Mrs. Peter Coupons, of Shell Creek township. They will reside on the groom's farm, 7 miles southwest of town. Will Hipp left lust Thursday Tor hi? now home at Cedar Knpide, .vhere to- THROUGH SERVICE To Portland, Tacoma and Seattle via Union Pacific "The Safe Road To Travel" The Oregon-Washington Limited Carries a Tourist Sleeping Car From Omaha to Seattle via Portland and Tacoma. Leave Columbus 3:05 p. m. Today Ar. Portland. .8:00 p. m. 3rd Day Ar. Tacoma .5:30 a. m. 4th Day Ar. Seattle 7:30 a. m. same Day Electric Block Signals Dininc Car Meals and Service "Best in the World." For information relative to fares, routes, etc call on or address E. G. BROWN. Agent, Colnmbus, Nebraska THE JOURNAL Columbus. ABOUT OUR NEIGH BORS AND FRIENDS CLIPPED FROM OUR EXCHANGES gether with his brother Ileury M. and Fred Goering. he takes possession of a stock of general merchandise. Will's face will be missed from behind the counters in the Bruckner store, where he has been u familiar Ggurc for many yours. Mrs. Hipp and the children will remain with her mother, Mrs It. W. Perkinsnn, for a few weeks. ntiMrauRV. From tin Doiiioomt Mre. Frank Theewen submitted to a surgical operation at St. Mary's hospital in Columbus last Friday morning and late reports from her bedside are to the effect that she is getting along nicely. Mr. Theewen was at the bedside of his wife until Sunday evening. Mis. W. H. Tieskoetter. accompanied by her son Frank went down to Omaha Sunday and entered St. Joseph's hospi tal to receive medical treatment. We are sorry to report that Mre. Tieskoetter'a health haB been quite poorly of lata and we hope that after a short stay in the hospital she will be restored in good health. Chas. Magsamen loaded a car with stock, farm machinery and household goods and shipped them to Kit Carson, Colorado, on Tuesday of this week. Henry Uoverland accompanied the shipment, and Mr. Mageumen and his family will follow this week The many friends of the fnmily hope they will pros per and enjoy good health in their new home. Mr. and Mrs. Theo. Meyor and family left Tuesday noon for Denver, Colorado, to visit their son, George, and hunt up a location. Mr. and Mre. Meyer expect to reside in some small Colorado town, and later on Mr. Meyer says he and his wife will take a trip to their old home in Germany. The three boys will locate in Denver providing they find suitable positions. Mr. and Mrs. Meyer are old residents of this community and have many friends here who regret to see them leave. F. W. Wilkening who has spent the greater part of the past eight months in Europe where he represented an Ameri -can wholesale lumber company, of which he is a member, was calling on his num erous Humphrey friends on Thursday and Friday of this week, having arrived from Germany the fore part of Januarys He is looking line and he says he is glad to get back to America, although he has no regrets to offer on his sojourn across the water. After two or three weeks' stay in Nebraska, Mr. Wilkening will go to Now Orleans where he will establish permanent headquarters, and irfstead of sending a representative to Europe to make sales in the fnture the company will deal through the commission honees over there FOR PRINTING 1 1 KgBsgflUr THE BIG GOVERNMENT DAM COMPLETED. The Highest Masonry Dun in the World. On Sunday, January 16th. at 2.-00 p. m., the United States Government com pleted the highest masonry dam ever built anywhere at any time. This dam also has the smallest spread, from base to top, any dam of a considerable height ever built. The dBm is in Rattlesnake and Cedar mountains in the northwestern part of Wyoming, seven miles west of Cody and about sixty miles east of Yellowstone Park. The dam is 70 feet across at the base of the fonndation, 108 feet wide at the river level and 170 feet wide at the top. It was started in 1905 and has been five years in building. Almost 200,000 barrels of cement and 90,000 tone of granite were required to comAfte the masonry work. It is built intone channel of the Shoshone river for the purpose of impounding the waters of that stream to conserve the waters of that stream to conserve them for irrigat ing what is known as the lands of the Shoshone Irrigation project, comprising 150,000 acres of land lying along the banks of the Shoshone River and along the Burlington railroad to the east of Cody. When the waters are impounded, they will form a lake of ten square miles with an average depth of 70 feet and a capacity of 148,588,512,000 gallons, or enongh water To cover 450,000 acres with water one foot deep enough water to irrigate more than twice the acreage of the Government Project. Upon this dam and other engineering works of this project, which include an outlet tunnel through the solid rock, a diversion dam at Corbett and a tunnel therefrom 3) miles long through the solid rook, the Government is spending about $7,000,000, or almost one-seventh of the total amount $50.000.000 thus far expended on the various Government irrigation projects scattered throughout the country. During the past year hundreds of set tlers have taken up lands under this project and have done exceptionally well, even for a llrst year. The lands of the project are reached by the Burlington Route, which is spending millions of dollars in the con struction of new lines through this rich nnd fertile country known as the Big Horn Basin of Wyoming. BELLWOOD. From the tiazetta. Geo. Allen, formerly of Alexis town ship, passed through Bellwood Tnesday to David City with the dead body of his wife, who died at Belgrade the latter part of last week. Grandma Ldllie is reported very ill at the home of her son Henry at Cohen, Neb. Her daughter, Mrs. W. H. Grant and grandma Gerard left Thursday morn ing for her bedside. After about a week's illness with ap pendicitis Waller Mark died on Friday morning lust at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Barley west of Bellwood, where he had been working. Clyde Perine, after about a wevk's illness with appendicitis, died Thursday morning about 8 o'clock at the home of his father-in-law, James Jerdon, who lives just across the line in Polk county. He was married only a few months ago to Miss Cora Jerdon, therefore leaves a young wife to mourn her loss. Deceas ed was about 24 years of age. A farmer near our town recently hired a lad to help him do chores. One morning he told him to take some salt and salt a calf out in the pasture. The boy took a quart of salt with him and thoroughly rubbed it all over the calf, working it into the hair. A gang of colts in the pasture scented the salt and got after the calf. They licked all the hair off the calf and nearly took the hide off too. MONROE. From the Kepnblican. Gordon and Miss Maude Hill came up from Oolnmbas Saturday to spend Sunday with their parents. Vestal Moore bought the livery busi ness Tuesday of Frank Dickinson. Mr. Moore began his duties Wednesday morning. Monday of this week revival meetings were began at the Methodist church, and will probably continue for several weeks. Rev. Rose, the pastor, has charge of the meetings. A number of friends gathered at the home of John Kelly Monday evening and helped him celebrate his seventy-eighth birthday. An oyster supper was enjoy ed by all late in the evening. S. Bordy of Columbus who has been selling a stock of clothing in the Munter building, moved his stock of clothirg back to Columbus Tuesday. He has on ly been here for the past month. That the independent elevator is a good thing for a town has been amply demonstrated here this winter, as more grain has been marketed in Monroe this winter than in a number of years. And then the fact of having an independent elevator is also a big advertisement for the town, as farmers know that they will get all their products are worth. Emigrant Potatoes. Irish potatoes, like Irishmen, do bet ter abroad thau they do at home, and just as the average Irishman when he gets to the colonies becomes a gov ernor general, like Lord .MacDonnell or Sir Gavau Duffy, so the average Irish seed potato planted in England knocks spots out of the average Scotch or English seed. Irish Homestead. Ready, as a Rule. "Woman," observed the epigram matic boarder, "is a puzzle without an answer." "Huh!" snorted old Grumpley. "1 never saw a woman without one yet. Boston Transcript. Electric Light Always Ready Brilliant Clean Safe Have your house wired Columbus Light, Heat dc Power Co COLUMBUS MEAT MARKET We invite all who desire choice steak, and the very best cuts of all other meats to call at our market on Eleventhstreet. We also handle poultry and fish and oysters in season. S. E. MARTY & CO. Telephone No. 1. - Columbus. Neb. The Noise Habit. A personal experience first showed the writer the possibility of a state of affairs where the habit of noise could become as fixed as the habit of a drug. Waking one night In the quiet of a country bouse far from other habita tions. I suddenly beard the starting ol the hot air engine which pumped the water chug, chug, chug, chug. I lay listening to its monotonous vibrations and wondering at the unusual hour for pumping until I fell asleep. The next night the sound was repeated. On mentioning the matter to my host he confessed that be could not sleep In the quiet of the country; that the sud den change from the roar of a great city to the silence of the woods was so great as to cause him real suffering. As his only way to rest be would leave the house in the middle of the night, start up the pump and. lying down In a nearby hammock, find sleep brought him by the lullaby of the hot air en gine. That mau recognized that he had the noise habit and finally conquered it Hollls Godfrey in Atlantic. Oddly Named. A Mr. Hudson, who bad made a large fortune as a dentist, had built a very expensive- country bouse near Dublin, but of such an extraordinary construction as to bid defiance to the criticism of the architect One day after dinner at Curran's this singular mansion became a subject of merriment for his guests. The question for their satirical inquiry was, "What was its order of architecture?" One said it certainly was Grecian, another contended it was Saxon and a third that it was oriental, wbeu their host thus Interposed: "Excuse we. gentlemen, you are all wrong. It is Tusk-un. From the Ir regularities of the mansion and from Its proprietor being u dentist the Irish cailitSnaggletooth Hall." London An swers. Something Left Brown (at the club) Yes. by Jove, there's very little you can teach me. I've been everywhere, done everything, seen everything. The Scotch Member Young man. did ye ever have D. T.'s? Brown-D. T.'s! Great Scott no! The Scotch Member Then ye've seen nowt Sketch. Reckless Driving. "What Is the matter with your wife? I see she's got her hand In a sling." "Reckless driving." "Horse?' "No: naur Where Her Thoughts Were. Daughter To tell the truth, pa, I didn't think much of the close of the sermon. Father Thought more of the clothes of the congregation, eh? The right party can secure an excellent poeitiou, salary or commieeion for Cohimba and vi cinity. State age, former occupation and give reference. Address LOCK BOX 438, Lincoln, Neb. UNION PACIFIC TINE TULE WEST BOU3D. No. 11 Sudani No. 13 1:45 am No.l 10:15 am No. 11:11 am No. 17 3:05 pm No. 15 6:23 pm No. 3 6:50 pm No. 5 635 p m No. 21 8:15 pm No. 19 11:20am EAST No. 4 .... No. 12.... N. 14 No. 6 .. No. 16.... No. 10.... No. 19.... No. 2 .... No. 2!.... No. 20.... BOCMP. .... 4:43 am 1027pm .... 5:35am .... 2:46pm .... 2:16 pm .... 36 pm .... 6:0 pm ... H0 p m .... 7:12am .... 1:90pm BBAXCHXS. NORFOLK. SPALDISO AXBIOST. No. 79 mzd..d 60 am No. 31 pas ..d 1:30 pm No. 32 pas ..al2:30pm No. 00 mid. .a 70 p m No. 77 mzd. d 7:20 a m No. 29 pas ..diHlpm No. 30 pas ..a 1:10 pm No. 78 mzd. .a 6:10 pm Daily except Sunday. note: Nos. 1, 2, 7 and 8 are extra fare trains. Nos. 4. 5. 13 and 14 are local passengers. Nos. 58 and 59 are local freights. Nos. 9 and 16 are mail trains only. No. 14 due in Omaha 4:45 p. m. No. 8 doe in Omaha 50 p. m. C. 1. 1 Q. Tim Table BBB No. 22, Pass, (daily ex. Sunday) leave.. ..735a m No. 3J. Frt. X Ac. (d'y ex. Saturday) lv.r0 pin No. 21, Pass, (daily ex. Sunday) arme..9:20 p m No. 31, Frt. & Ac. (d'y ex. Sunday) ar. ..645 a m hiAUTr-nl avrriXfl 1 a Ji vw 'Z&Zzz&i&jXi ;'tjiJuAJiia. MICROBES IN THE SCALP. The Latest Explanation is Uhat Mi crobes Cause Baldness. Professor Unna of Hamburg, Germany, and Dr. Sabourand, of Paris, France, share the honor of haviog discovered the hair microbe. Baldness is not caused through a few weeks' work of these hair microbes, but is the result of conditions brought about by 'their presence. Baldness may not occur until years after the microbes began work, but it is certain to come sooner or later. The microbes cutoff the blood supply. They feed on the fatty matter about the roots of the hair, through which the blood is absorbed. Finally the fatty matter is consumed, the food supply of the hair is gone and it Btarvesand Anally dies. Keeotcin is one of the most effective germ destroyers ever discovered. Beta Napbthol is a most powerful, yet abeo Intely safe germicide and antiseptic, which prevents development of germ matter, and creates a clean, healthy condition. Pilocarpine, although not a coloring matter or dye, is au ingredient well established for its power to restore natural color to human hair when loss of color has been caused by a disease. Borax, because of its well-defined soft ening and cleansing properties, is most useful in the treatment of scalp and hair disease. Glycerine acts as a stimu lant to the hair bulbs, and has a soothing, bealingand nourishing influence. Alco hol is indispensable in medicine because of its antiseptic, stimulating and preser vative qualities. We want every one who has scalp or hair trouble to try Rexall "93" Hair Tonic, which contains r.ll these ingre dients. If it does not give you complete satisfaction in every particular, we will return every penny you paid us for it, for the mere asking and without ques tion or formality. Of course you understand that when we say that Resell "93" Hair Tonic will grow hair we do not refer to cases where the roots sre entirely dead, the poree of the scalp closed, und the head has the the appearance of a billiard ball. In cases like this there is no hope. In all other cases of baldness Rexall "93" Hair Tonic will grow hair, or cost the user nothing. Two sizes, 50 cents and 91.00. Bememberyou can obtain Rexall Reme dies in Columbus only at our store. Pollock & Co.. the druggists on the cor ner. England's Old Common Field System. A "common lield" is quite distinct from a "common." It is a field be longing to numerous owners. The land consists of long narrow strips, perhaps not more than ten yards wide and run ning parallel with one another. What are the exact rules of cultivation that obtaiu In Kent today we do not know, but of old it was usual to have a regu lar rotation, such as wheat one year, barley or oats the second and fallow the third. When the crops were har vested, each member of the community getting his or her share, all could put lu their cattle, which roamed over the whole Held, feeding on the stubble, etc. Aud this was termed the "right of sack." The "common field" system was gradually done away with by statutes in the reigns of George III. and William IV. London Express. A Famous Temple. The most magnificent work of ar chitecture In the world Is the Taj Mahal. In Agra, Hindustan. It was erected by Shah Jehnu to the memory of his favorite queen. It is octagonal in form, of pure white marble, inlaid with jasper, carnelian. turquoise, agate, amethyst and sapphire. The work took 22.000 men twenty years to complete, and, though there were free gifts and the labor was free, the cost Is estimated at $10,000.000. Exchange. Real Good Steak. "We can't eat this steak; It's not good!" complained a young man who was spending his honeymoon in a Scottish village. Ye're surely jokiu', sir." said the laudlord of the inn. "It maun Indeed be guid. It's a bit o' the minister's auld coo!" Higher. "But our ideals'." "What of theni?" "Are they higher than they were a generation ago?" "Sure. Everything Is higher now." Louisville Courier-Journal. His Blunder. "IIow did you enjoy the rausicale?" "Oh, I applauded at the wrong time, as usual: thought the orchestra tun ing up was a classical number." Kan sas City Journal. Easily Timed. Read Have you ever timed your automobile? Greene Oh. yes! It stood perfectly still for forty-eight minutes on the road today. HK I?!?: Used the World over P wannn Bakino Royal has always received the higbesf award wbem exniMiea or tested in competition A Fish That Gives Paint. The well knowu brown pigment call ed sepia Is obtained from a ten armed octopus found principally in the Med iterranean and more especially at the head of the Adriatic sea, where it is caught by the natives for food. The sepia is contained in a bag and is really the black fluid of which wc have all read as being discharged by the creature to cover Its esrapc. Some naturalists say that the fluM Is brown ish, which becomes more credible when we know that this is the source of sepia. The pigment Is really a powder which dissolves in water. Its strength maybe estimated by the fact that it will color 1.000 times its own bulk. When the octopus has been killed the sack or bag is removed and dried to prevent putrefaction. The sepia is treated with ammonia or caustic soda, washed and dried. It Is one of the most durable of paints, except wbeu fully exposed to the fierce rays of the sun, and an even surface can be ob tained with It more easily than with most paints. Sepia has been obtained from a fossil cuttlefish thousands of years old nnd found to be quite good for paint. The Chang From Black to Red. "See that little womau who just went out?" remarked a Fourth avenue milliner to a customer. "Noticed that red bat. did you? Well, as a milliner and a person whose business it is to study the different characteristics of women I have watched her for two years. It has been a kind of study of the 'evolutions of a widow.' "Two years ago she came to me. re cently bereaved, and had me mal;e her a bat or. deepest black. She was bro ken hearted and declared she would never again take au Interest in the pretty things that women like to wear. A year ago she came again. " 'Don't you think I might have the least bit of white in my new hat?' she asked. "'Yes, I said; 'I think you might.' nnd the bat was made. Three mouths later she came for another hat. aud she stood for a little touch of laven der. Next she had a big white plume, and last week 1 made her that red bat. It just shows what time will do in lifting up a heart bowed down." Louisville Times. The Releaser. If he hadn't been a dreadful bore and the hour wasn't so late It is quite possible the lovely girl would have refrained from the exercise of a stra tegic scheme, says the Cleveland Plain Dealer. "Hark!" she whispered as be paused iu the midst of a long winded de scription of his camping outfit "What Is it?" he whispered In re turn. She smiled reassuringly. "It's only papa. He must be oiling the releaser." "Aud what Is the releaser?" "It's one of papa's ingenious schemes. Every night, at exactly 11 o'clock, he pulls up a brass chain that releases our brlndle bull pup from his annex adjoining the kitchen; that's all." And she laughed merrily. The caller glanced at the clock on the mantel. It indicated 10:57. "I find I must go." be said in a slightly hurried manner. "And good nlgbt" Trapping Baboons. Hagenbeck in his book says that bab oons are caught in traps made much like the huts of savages. Food is put into the huts, and once the baboons go inside a trapdoor closes behind them. ( . - .1.. t uutsiue uauoons mase u greui io uu and urge the prisoners to escape. Wben the trappers come the captured baboons are terror stricken and try to force their heads tbrougL the walls of the huts. One baboon was caught three times in the same trap, and sev eral when turned loose got back into the same trap a second time. When the baboons are carried away all their comrades thereabout climb into trees and scream out to the prisoners, who answer in sad. mournful voices. On one occasion some big Arabian bab oons were trapped, when 2.000 or 3.000 baboons hurled themselves upon the trappers, who bad bard work to save themselves with firearms and clubs. Ac tlio tnnwrs were forced back the victorious baboons tore up the trapi and turned loose the captured baboons. W1& t&FZJF i-jsimZMM2mmmmmmmm tw jaw ! 'ij s mm mr w w zm - slw. w" & yf9amaaissi'7i ' X. JT f .W' ' "t 1V i v&ummimmtaBQi .alBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBHa IT ;- I I H ! if r'l aBBM.V. laT&iiiLnLLHSaLLLLBssBfl No otter article of kumaii food hmm ever received such eat paatlc commendatloi for parity, usefulness and whole- front fne most eadnenf authorities Getting Away From Land. The question has. been asked. Is It possible to sail 1.000 miles from'land? This cau he done at several points. By leaving San Francisco aud sail iug northwestward into the uorth Pacific a spot is reached where there is no land, not even uu islet, for 1,000 miles iu any direction. So. too. sail ing from the southern point of Kam chatka southeastward ships reach a point equally distant from land of any kind, the nearest to the north being the Aleutian Islands and to the south the outlying members of the Sandwich group. In the southern Indian ocean it is possible to sail 1,000 miles out from the southern points of Australia and New Zealand nnd still he as far from any other land, and the same may be doue In westerly direction from Cape Horn. Indeed, from this point a much longer distance might be reached, for the southern Pacific between the Horn and New Zealand covers a space of SO degrees of longitude and 40 of lati tude of absolutely unbroken sea, mak ing Its central point over 1.200 miles from anywhere. How Every Man Should Vote. "Anybody who doesn't vote my way is a darned fool!" exclaimed a HtthJ man on an outbound trolley car. "What's that?" asked a big man. turning around iu his seat and looking back. "Anybody who doesu't vote my way is a darned fool!" repeated the little man. "Did 1 understand you aright?" asked the big mau. rising from hi seat and coming back to the rear of the car where the little mau was seat ed. The little man looked the big man over, but be was game and said one more. "Anybody who doesn't vote my way Is a darned fool!" "Hold on a minute said the big man. who seemed on the point of starting something. "First tell me which way you are going to vote." A foxy gleam shot into the eyes of the little man. and he piped as daunt Iessly as ever. "I'm goiug to vote any way I darned please!" Birmingham Age-Herald. Ink at $100 a Pound. "The best Iudia ink It should really be called Chiua ink never leaves Chi na." said a missionary. "It costs $100 a pound, and the scribes use It In writ ing the correspondence of the royal family and the mandarins. India ink is made of the oil of poisonous seeds of the sesumum or colza tree. Varnish aud pork Tat are added to the oil, and then, by means of combustion, all Is changed to lampblack. The lampblack paste mixed with glue is beaten for days on an anvil, aud musk is gradu ally mixed in to give perfume and the purest gold leaf to give a rich luster. Finally the ink is dried iu molds for about a ihonth. What makes the best India ink so costly is its purity and. above all. the long time given to its combustion and subsequent beating. If you saw its beauty you wouldn't thin!: it dear at $100 a pound." Phila delphia Bulletin. The Salesman. Young man. 1 had decided upon your immediate discharge. One big redeeming trait of your character as just now revealed restrains me. Your loyalty is all that saves you. Stick up for your house every time. A salesman's five cardinal points are loyalty, enthusiasm, hard work, per sistence and tact. You have much of the first four and none of the last Smooth yourself dowu. You talked to the lumber company man at the wrong time. When he said he was too busy you should have smiled aud got out. You can only sell to u man when he is iu the right mood. Book keeper. Calmness. Remember on every occasion whlcb leads thee to vexation to apply this principle that this is not a misfortune, but that to bear it nobly Is good for tune. Marcus Aurelius. His Own Sphere. "You a doctor! Why, nobody in hb senses would employ you!" "Perhaps not, but I'm going to be a doctor to lunatics!" High lirth is a. poor dish on the ta bleIrish Proverb. q ' - . 7v-.- xSSH -.T7 1 Tj &. ecN3j?r J' - . .- . i v- . - '