The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, October 20, 1909, Image 6

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.Mares bred in November will drop
their, colts the following October.
What a great debt the world owes
the farmer for the many good things
tie produces.
Never keep more hens than you can
accommodate comfortably, because
they never do well when crowded. '
The sale of saddle horses in New
fork city has been 20 per cent more
luring the present year than it was
last,
Give fruit trees plenty of light and
root feeding room. There is always
more danger of setting trees too close
together than too far apart
It may be necessary to have several
pens and follow a system of line,
breeding so that there may not be
too much inbreeding or loose breed
ing. Coaxing a little loveliness into what
have been waste places is a modern
mission, which is expected to have an
influence in extending the reaction
toward country life.
Hay farming is sometimes called
mining the land because it is sup
posed to gradually remove and ex
oaust the fertility of the farm in the
same way that mining removes the
ore supplies.
One of the most common methods
of blanching is by means of boards
placed on edge along each side of the
row of celery. This method is also
in general use for blanching large
Gelds of early celery.
A horse that has been worked 12
to 15 hours during the day is entitled
to' a good feed. Twelve quarts of
oats, divided into three meals, and
from eight to ten pounds of hay, given
at might, make a good ration.
, The apple maggot is one of the
greatest menaces to the apple culture
and is one of the most difficult pests
to eradicate. It inhabits the interior
of the fruit and to destroy it means
the destruction of the apple itself.
If hens are made comfortable In
every way and have only thee grow
ing of a normal crop of feathers, and
are. fed liberally with nutritious pro
tein? feeds, they will come through the
moulting period in good condition and
Will be ready in a short time to lay
eggs for the high market
, An experiment with milking ma
chines by the Nebraska experiment
station shows that the majority of
cows yield their milk as freely and
fully when milked with a machine as
when milked by hand, but with some
individual animals the use of the ma
chine is not entirely successful.
Fall is a good time to give the
farm a general overhauling. Espe
cial attention should be given to haul
ing and repairing. The roads are
good and the fields solid where the
hauling must be done. It is a better
time than spring to fix up the fences,
as the ground is not wet Building
of sheds and general repairing is best
done when the material and ground
are dry.
Clover in wheat or oat stubble in
tended for hay next year should not
be too heavily pastured this fall. Cut
ting over the field once or twice with
the mowing machine will give the
young plants a better chance to light
and air, and the weeds and stubble
mowed off will help form a mulch for
holding moisture during the dry
weather and keep the plants from
freezing in cold weather.
It' Is not an easy matter to cure cow
pea hay, the vines, being so large and
so full of sap, cure slowly, and with
unfavorable weather the hay is apt to
damago badly, if not spoiled before it
is cured enough totack or put in the
mow. The difficulty of harvesting and
curing cowpea hay, its tendency to be
come woody and the lower yield per
acre, make this crop for hay produc
tion less valuable than alfalfa where
alfalfa can be successfully grown.
Following the feeding of rye before
other soiling crops mature, an unused
pasture should be kept in reserve and
tho cows turned on when the grass
in the arly pasture is eaten short If
a field of the farm is in winter wheat
and another field in oats, and these
fields are sown in clover in early
spring and the wheat and oats re
moved as soon as possible after har
vest these fields may be used as dairy
pastures for a short time to good ef
fect, while the other pastures are
recuperating.
From early in the fall until the first
of the year when tho severe weather
sets in, a fairly good storage house for
r the farm .can be found in any tight
' building that is provided with proper
ventilation. Fruits and vegetables can
be stored in such a building and be
kept in good condition for many weeks
with proper care. The manner in
crhlch this can be done is to place the
vegetables and fruits in the building,
keeplng'the doors and windows closed
-during the day and open them at
sight By" opening the doors and win
dows at night the place becomes
chilled and the warm air is kept out
during the day time when the doors
amd windows are closed.
Market your eggs at least oacesa
.week; oftener if possible. -
Develop, the digestive" apfetuV of
the pig. and then crowd in the feed
and pat on the'fat ,
.
Sheep should be given salt Vvery
day. Once a week is not sufficient
They will not eat too much.
An apple or a peach may do well in
Texas or California, but 500 miles dis-Umt-of
even 100 it -may not be de
sirable. At the time for hogging dowa corn
lJie soil usually is comparatively dry,
hence little or no damage is done
"rom the pasturing.
To promote animal growth requires
feed, and the shedding of hair or
foatliora f-nlroo nlnpA cnnPr on B. fat
animal than on a poor animal.
r;
In going into winter quarters, be
rare that every ewe is in the oe.
if condition. If any are below stand
lrd nurse and feed them up at once.
If a boy is often told that he Is not
?arning his salt he is more than like
'y to reach that conclusion himself
ind his training will be made on that
.lne.
The Roman hyacinth and the po
'yanthus or cluster varieties of nar
cissus are among the very quickest
ind easiest of bulbs for forcing, eith
er in water or in earth.
Both for the house and for garden
lie there are a number of small bulbs
lot generally well known that are
worth looking up if one cares for a
ittle experimental trial.
The moulting period for chickens is
it hand. During this period we mav
iot expect many eggs, for the vitality
it the hens is heavily drawn upon for
the growth of a new crop of feathers.
Shell-pink Italian hyacinths, sur
rounding a yellow crown imperial, will
nake a lovely filling for a small lawn
bed. The Italian hyacinths are very
similar to Roman ones, but bloom
rather later.
There is little cause for complaint
in regard to prices for cattle that are
well fitted for the market this year.
The man who markets the low-priced
stock is the one who is reaping his
deserts in low prices.
In dairying there are some natural
unfavorable conditions that can never
be fully overcome. However, most of
them can be modified to a marked de
gree, and fairly good results be ob
taiucd in the face of them.
Alsike clover makes very fine hay
when properly cured, but it cannot be
depended upon for a second crop. It
is not quite so good a soil improver
as red clover, but it will stick longer
and grow in more acid soil.
A brood sow should be fed a varie
ty, such as bran, roots, etc Corn is
fattening and should not be fed in
large quantities. It promotes neither
growth of the sow nor pigs. Some
green vegetable food should be given
in winter.
When pastures are short, all domes
tic animals suffer for feed, and if they
are expected to keep up in good flesh,
health and vitality they must be sup
plied with sufficient nourishing feed
to meet all their vital needs. When
pastures are short supplementary
feeds must be supplied.
The pig may not use its tail for
switching away the flies, and it may
require some feed to make the tail
grow, but any sensible person knows
that giving a pig a variety of good
feeds has more to do with its fatten
ing and growing than the cutting off
of the tail or the slitting of its ears.
Fall planting is strongly recom
mended for such important perennials
as peonies, German and Japan iris,
and for many lilies. The German iris
is one of the best plants for coloniz
ing, holding its own finely, and admir
ably suited to adorn the margins of a
little stream or pond.
Get after apple tree borers this fall.
Dig them out of their burrows. It is
an easy matter to find their location
by the residue from their work. When
found it can be dug out with a sharp
knife, or killed 'with a small wire
the wire being inserted and forced
upon the insect where it is working.
Do not Injure the bark more than is
necessary in cutting out the pest
Roup in fowls is a germ disease and
hence infectious. When it makes it
appearance In your flock separate th
affected birds from the well ones as
soon as possible. The symptoms o:
roup are a slight cold, "sneezing, wa
tering of the eyes, and a wheezing at
night Disinfect the quarters immedi
ately In which the well birds stay to
prevent the disease from spreading.
Bathe the head, nostrils and throat of
the sick birds with coal oil.
If there is no other trash on the
farm for filling washy places in tho
fields straw manure from the stables
is excellent The straw will fill the
places and catch and hold all of the
soil that washes into them. The man
ure in the straw will help to make the
ground more productive when it is
again cultivated. Never plow in a
gully with fresh dirt without some
trashy or brushy filling to hold it and
catch more.
Nitrogen must be maintained by le
gume crops and the .best legume for
the corn belt is clover. The clover crop
should be le't on the ground. If re
moved, not much, if any, nitrogen is
added to the soil. If the crop is re
moved and fed to average live stock
and the manure given average care
and hauled back to the field, the loss
is pearly one-half of the plant food
and three-fourths of the organic mat
ter. If a good crop of clover is left on
the ground once every three or four
years, only the seeds being removed,
it will supply sufficient nitrogen for
quite large grain crops.
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ByLydiaEPiokliam's
Vegetable Compound
Gardiner, Maine. "I have ben a
great sufferer from organic troubles
anaaaeTexexeawis
weakness. The
doctoraakllwoaki
have to go to taa
hospital for aa
operation, bat I
could not bear to
think of it I de
cided to try Lydia
js..nnttaBVs veg
etable Compound
andSanativeWasa
and was entirely
cured after three
months use of them.' Mrs. 8. A.
Wrr.T.TAws, b. F. D. No. 14 Box ,
Gardiner, Me.
No woman should submit to & surgi.
cal operation, which may mean death,
until she has given L.vdia.Finkhanis
Vegetable Compound, made exclusive
ly from rooU and herbs, a fair triaL
This famous medicine for women
has for thirty years proved to be the
most valuable tonic and renewer of
the female organism. Women resid
ing in almost every city and town in
the United States bear willing testi
mony to the wonderful virtue of Lydia
E. KnkhanVs Vegetable Compound.
It cures female ills, and creates radi-
antk buoyant female health. If you
are ill, for your own sake as well as
cnose you love, give it a mat
Mrs. Pinkbam, at Iiyaua, Mass
Invitee all sick women to writ
fcfer for advice, Ileradviceif.free,
and alarays aelpf ul
POOR BOY.
Editor's Note. This account of a sev
enteeth century scientific expedition was
published In the Auburn (111.) Citizen.
March IS. 1SSG. as an item of local in
terest, there living at that placo at that
time many descendants of Pauly, the en
gineerthe Poleys. Parkses, Fosters, and
other families being: represented in the
list. The original manuscript in French
was in the possession of John Pauley of
Kansas, who was at the time of the pub
lication visiting his Illinois kinsmen.
This account is particularly interest
ing at this time, as it describes the con
ditions prevailing on the coast of Cali
fornia. In 1769. an event fittingly celebrat
ed by the Golden Gate City.
The malady described by Pauly, which
decimated the ranks of the French expe
dition, occurred at the same time as sev
eral other writers mention a very severe
prevalence of scurvy in California, and
was probably the same.
HE observation of the tran
sit of Venus on the 3d of
June, 1796, was an object
of interest to all the
learned. The Royal Acad
emy of Sciences proposed
to the king, Louis XV., to
make the necessary outlay to send to
California for this purpose. The late
M. L'Abbe Cbappe undertook this voy
age with a courage worthy 'of his zeal
for the progress of science. I was se
lected to accompany him and we set sail for Mex
ico in the month of September, 1768.
After a perilous voyage of about 3,000 leagues,
we arrived hi Mexico on Easter day, 1769. Time
was passing; we stopped but eight days to re
fresh ourselves. The viceroy procured us mules
and provisions, and we undertook to perform by
land a part of the remainder of our travels, which
was about 300 leagues. Amid lofty mountains,
dreadful precipices and arid deserts, we encoun
tered new dangers every day. We failed from
fear a thousand times. We were also oppressed
by the excessive heat, which left us hardly
strength enough to drag ourselves. A thousand
insects of every species gave us no rest by day or
night, and we had constantly to be on our guard
against the very ferocious beasts with which the
country is covered. Moreover, we lacked the nec
essaries of life, for the provisions that we got in
Mexico had been spoiled by the heat. We were
obliged to live on wild cattle and whatever fruits
we could find here and there. We made our halts
near some river or spring, that we might slake
the burning thirst with which we were constantly
consumed; to find one it was often necessary to
march a whole day's journey.
Arrived In the evening in some valley, or on
the side of some hill, we would endeavor to take
upon the ground (et a la belle etoille), the repose
which our cruel fatigue rendered so necessary.
When scarcely asleep we were often aroused by
a storm, and then by the impetuous torrents that
came down upon us from the heights of the moun
tains. Many a dark night we had to save our
selves and our equipage, fearful at every step of
tumbling down some of the precipices.
After running a thousand risks we arrived at
last at the port of San Bias, on the Pacific ocean;
thence we embarked for California on a brigan
tine which the viceroy of Mexico had had pre
pared. The Pacific ocean, although very tran
quil, is not the less dangerous on account of the
(vigics) with which it is filled.
The great calm which prevailed at that time
caused us to despair of arriving in time to accom
plish the object of our voyage. After six weeks
sailing, during which we made but 150 leagues,
on the greatest breadth of the sea, the shortness
of the time caused us to risk a hazardous exploit.
The part of California near which we found our
selves was the port of San Jose so dangerous
that no one had ever landed there. The access to
It is guarded by the incessant waves that break
impetuously against the rocks.
The Spanish astronomers who were of our com
pany wished to wait for a favorable wind to land
at Cape St. Lucas, which was distant but ten
leagues. The landing there is indeed less danger
ous, but we did not follow their advice because
we were pressed to arrive at the place of our des
tination; we resolved to attempt to disembark at
the first land we should discover.
While these gentlemen were yet deliberating,
four Indian -sailors and myself let down the long
boat; we took with us half of the instruments. I
agreed with the Abbe Chappe that if we per
ished he might find other means to land else
where with the rest, which would be sufficient for
making his observations. I embarked then in
the long boat with -my four sailors, steering di
rectly for the coast; the nearer we approached it
the more we were sensible of the difficulty of
landing.
We were constantly thrown back by the accu
mulated waves, and our boat threatened all the
while to ship water. -When on the point of losing
courage, one of the sailors discovered, at a dis
tance, the mouth of an unknown river. This dis
covery animated us; we reached the coast by this
mouth but with great difficulty. I sent back the
loug boat for the Abbe Chappe and the Spanish
astronomers, who arrived safely enough.
Arrived on the peninsula the twenty-first of
May, 1769, 13 days before the epoch of the tran
sit of Venus. We found no (azile a pouvoir nous
mettre a labir), the inclemency of the weather.
The savages that repaired to us said that a con
tagion was prevailing in this country which rav
aged it completely. The Interpreter who trans
lated this added that they said that in order to
withdraw ourselves from the influence of this ter
rible malady, it was necessary to remove some
hundred or more leagues farther to the north.
The means of undertaking this new journey,
broken down with fatigue as we were; we had
neither horses nor carriers to transport our bag
gage; it was impossible to march on foot, and we
shrank from a Journey through a desert. All these
reasons decided us to occupy ourselves with no
business but that which had brought us.
We labored to construct an observatory, which
was ready the twentj'-eighth day of May, six day3
before the epoch when we would have need of it
We made our observations on the third of June,
with the greatest exactness.
The contagion made new progress every day:
a general sorrow reigned in all this part of Cali
fornia; we were not long without participating in
it in a distressing manner. This dreadful malady
came upon us six or seven days after the observa
tion. We were wholly without succor; we could
not be useful to one another, because we were at
tacked almost all at once.
The little medicine that we had brought from
France was useless, from want of knowiug how
to apply it.
Nevertheless, the abbe, all sick as he was, con
tinued his observations all the time. After ob
serving an eclipse of the moon, he at last yield
ed to his faintness, the delirium of his disease left
him but little time to examine himself; he died
the first of August, 1769. We were all dying (I
and the companions of our voyage), when I had
the sorrow to close his eyelids.
Our situation and our want of strength induced
us in this case to bury him without much cere
mony. I devoted some moments to regret for the
loss I had suffered, and In the height of a disease
from which I did not expec to recover, I took the
precaution to collect all the papers relating to the
object of the voyage. I placed them in a casket
with an address to. the viceroy of Mexico. 1
earnestly begged some Indian chiefs who were
about me to make this casket safe In case we
should all die, and to transmit it to the vessel
which ought to arrive in the month of September
to take us. My intention in this was to secure to
my country this valuable depot. I remained in
my condition of sickness, pain and wretchedness
until the twenty-ninth of September.
At last the captain of the vessel arrived, be
had landed at the island of Ceralvo, which is situ
ated some 30 leagues from San Jose. My joy was
so much the greater in seeing him that he pressed
me to quit the fearful place where M. L'Abbe
Chappe and all the rest had died. We were car
ried to Ceralvo. I forgot to say that this cruel
contagion had taken from us the chaplain and
nearly all the persons that formed our little com
pany. ,
Although sick and oppressed with grief, I was
compelled to undertake the perilous route which
I had followed in coming, sometimes upon mules,
sometimes upon the backs of the Indians, when it
was necessary to cross the streams. With all
this trouble, I reached Mexico the twenty-third
day of November, 1769.
There I was received by monsieur the marquis
of Croix, the viceroy of that country, with a com
passion worthy of that good patriot. He had had
the kindness to send to meet me a carriage and
his physician. Arrived at the capital of Mexico,
and having paid my respects to the viceroy I was
lodged by his orders at the expense of the city.
When I left Mexico the marquis de Croix rec
ommended me cordially to the commander of
the Spanish fleet, in which I embarked. We land
ed at Cadiz the twenty-first of July, 1770. The
court was at the Escurlal. I had myself taken
thither, and presented myself to the marquis d'Os
sun, then French ambassador In Spain. He re
ceived me with marks of kindness and consider
ation, and gave orders to show me whatever they
have to show strangers in this royal house.
He catised me to dispatch in advance of the
party, the strictest orders through the minister of
customs, that at no pass on my route must be
searched either myself or the chests in which
were the observations which I bore.
I did not arrive in Paris till the fifth of the fol
lowing December. I sent to the Academy the ob
servations that we made in California. This so
ciety expressed the greatest satisfaction with my
zeal and my services. They "presented me to the
king, and to all his ministers. They solicited for
me a recommendation of my labors. His majesty,
Louis XV. granted me a small pension of SOOf.
The government is too equitable to leave me in
want in the flower of my age, afflicted with the
evils which I have Incurred for the service, and
indispensably obliged to have a servant to lead
me. I hepe, then, from his justice and from bis
goodness, that he will grant me an increase of the
pension sufficient to enable me to accomplish with
decency the rest of my public career.
"Dear me! Why do you cry so bit
terly?" "I'm cryin 'cause I'm so wicked dat
I'm goin ter play hookey, instead of
goin ter school, boo hoo!"
The Soft Answer.
At a dinner in Bar Harbor a Boston
woman praised the wit of the late Ed
ward Everett Hale.
"Walking tin the outskirts of Boston
one day," she said, "he and I inadvert
ently entered a field that had a 'No
Trespassing' sign nailed to a tree.
"Soon a farmer appeared.
" Trespassers in this field are prose
cuted,' he said in a grim tone.
"Dr. Hale smiled blandly.
"'But we are not trespassers, my
good man,' he said.
'"What are you then?' asked the
amazed farmer.
"We're Unitarians,' said Dr. Hale."
Washington Star.
Expensive Silence.
Little four-year-old Alice was lying
on the floor whining and crying stead
ily one afternoon, until, her father's
patience exhausted, he called out to
her: "Oh, stop, Alice, and I'll givo
you a penny."
Alice stopped only long enough to
answer: "I can't stop for less than a
nickel! Boohoo! Boohoo!"
Tuberculosis Among Soldiers.
For 1,000 active troops in the armies
of the great world powers, the follow
ing figures show the percentage ot
cases of pulmonary tuberculosis:
United States, 4.72; Great Britain and
colonies. 2.4; France. 5.3; Germany,
1.5; Austria, 1.0, and Russia, 2.7.
A Frencch Scholar.
As William bent over her fair face
be whispered: "Darling, if I should
ask you in French if I might kiss you,
what would you answer?"
She, calling up her scanty knowl
edge of the French language, ex
claimed, "Billet doux." Tit-Bits.
A Ready Explanation.
"What is the reason you were so
late in discovering the north pole?"
"Well." answered the explorer, "you
see they have such long nights in the
arctic regions that I overslept."
The angels are always waiting to
open the windows of heaven, over the
head of the man who will bring the
last tithe into the storehouse.
A BANKER'S NERVE
Broken by Coffee and Restored by
Postum.
HELD TO STRICT ACCOUNTING
Chinese Police Officials Ate Expected
to Be Urgent in Preventing and
Punishing Crime.
In lemon-colored silk a Chinese dip
lomat on an Atlantic City pier talked
about Chinese laws.
"Some of our laws, you know, are
very stimulating," he said. "For ex
ample, Chi owed money to a money
lender. Chi would not pay, and the
money lender hanged himself on Chi's
doorpost Chi was condemned to
death. Tou see, he was really respon
sible for the money lender's death.
"A son able to support his parents Is
imprisoned for life if be won't do so.
A son unable to support them is im
prisoned for three years, as we hold
and quite rightly that there must be
something wrong with a young man
who can't support his parents.
"Our police are excellent, thanks
to the stimulus of our law. When a
crime is committed a sleuth is put
upon the case and given, say 30 days,
to land the criminal. If the sleuth
fails, he himself pays the penalty of
the crime, less two degrees. Thus, if
the Sigel murder had occurred in
China, a police official would now be
undergoing life imprisonment. That,
too, is a just and stimulating law.
For if the police can neither prevent
nor punish such a crime as the Sigel
murder, then thsy should be them
selves punished for their rank incapacity."
Good Gunnery at Sea.
If our navy's gunners can shoot lit
tle targets so full of holes nobody is
able to see the exact score they can
shoot up an enemy's big battleships
so thoroughly that nobody can tell or
many care to know which guns won
the victory. The target practice ofl
the Virginia capes should make every
American proud of our ships and ol
the men in them.
A banker needs perfect control of
the nerves, and a clear, quick, accu
rate brain. A prominent banker of
Chattanooga tells how he keeps him
self in condition:
"Up to 17 years of age I was not
allowed to drink coffee, but as soon as
I got out in the world I began to use
it and grew very fond of It. For some
years I noticed no bad effects from its
use, but in time it began to affect me
unfavorably. My hands trembled, the
muscles of my face twitched, my men
tal processes seemed slow and in other
ways my system got out. of order.
These conditions grew so bad at last
that I had to give up coffee altogether.
"My attention having been drawn to
Postum, I began its use on leaving off
the coffee, and it gives me pleasure to
testify to its value. I find it a delicious
beverage; like It just as well as I did
coffee, and during the years that I
have used Postum I have been free
from the distressing symptoms that ac
companied the use of coffee. The nerv
ousness has entirely disappeared, and
f am as steady of hand as a boy of
25, though I am more than 92. years
old. I owe all this to Postum."
"There's a Reason." Read the little
book, "The Road to Wellville," in
pkgs. Grocera sell.
Erer rend the above letter? A aerr
e appear from time to time. They
are Kenalae, trae, aed tall ot kamu
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