yW -- - I1 ' T '-i -.i's-j '., nrrTrFP 'f-.-"-vSi-5-' ".srr -t s- -7 I t " ! tf-asr i S Ootamtra. Zfir. . ovsmMcexrae: ,TI WBDMBBDAY. KASCH 34, IMS. RBOXHKS 8TOCKWELL, Ptopxietora. i to what tla you ia paid. ThM JaHK riwvs.tkat i km iwlwd p to Jaa.l,lM, VSMSfcF.l,ttSIdo. Wh imaiat l !, to,kkk iiwtti m neaimt, wlUfcenfcsseiilsniiiiiissU. IMCMBIDnTAKCS-BMBOMtbto wlwarib. mm will matin to neaiv tafe Joans! aata ta KitHwlhrlTtlTtT to dteooatfaaa, trilwiiji Bwtbapaid.lt joadoaot Leoaiiaaed tor another yaar af raid for baa expired, yom ahoald raseodiaeoatiaaelt. CMASeB Dl ADDRBBB-Wkea orderiat a Uafhak:aUaaaUaatbalri And now who are the "tariff reform- era. M Lumber, hides and sugar should go onthefireelist A tariff reform measure with which Aldrich has anything to do is bound to containteveral jokers. How many normal schools does Ne braska require? Two good normals are worth more than a dozen poor ones and cost less. Free lumber may not make that article any cheaper, but it would re duce the profits of the trust to the amount of the present duty. There is great rejoicing among the wolf breeders in the sand hills over the prospect of the legislature allowing claims to the amount of $60,000 for wolfscalps. . The sifting committee recommends for consideration the bill increasing the fees of county sheriffs and the mea sure providing for the appointment of a state beer inspector. The present legislature appears to favor any and every scheme to increase taxation. The bank guarantee bill, if it ever becomes a law .without amend ments, will prove a farce. It provides for creating a fund of $488,000 to pro tect deposits in state banks amounting to $65,000,000. The assessments against the banks shall not be with drawn therefrom, but remain on de posit in the banks. In the event of a bank failing, the depositors have sixty days in which to file their claims. In the course of time these claims will be passed upon by a court of competent jurisdiction and paid, if there is enough money in the guarantee fund. This is not the immediate payment plan pro mised by Mr. Bryan. In fact it is doubtful, in the event of failure of half a dozen state banks, during a panic, if depositors would receive more than a small per cent of their deposits. As it now stands, the guarantee law is a farce. SOLD OUT. The republican insurgents of the national house of. representatives got only a crumb in their contest with Gannon when they could have had roast turkey with cranberry sauce had it not been for a job lot of twenty-two democrat8who sold their votes for committee appointments and tariff concessions to. what is known as the repablican "house machine." Without discussing -the"misunder-tanding between the republican in surgents and Gannon, it is conceded that the former were fighting for a principle and had every reason to ex pect the united support of the demo crats.. In fact, the very men who sold their votes to the so-called "machine" had promised their,-support to the insurgents. The action of the twenty two democrats who sacrificed principle for Jpelf emphasises the oft repeated assertion that democrats cannot be trasted in an emergency. The deal between the "machine" and the men whose support was bargained and paid for is the most disgraceful that has even occurred in congress. After fighting Gannon for six years they deserted their party at a critical Moment and for, places on important ooatmittfes ajni a promise of "protec tive" datieson sugar and other things produced in democratic communities "sold oat" to the very man they have coBdeamnedasafyrant ' The action of the "job ot" has opened the eyes of those 'who have looked upon the .tariff as a partisan qnsatioa. The Journal has frequently called attention to this question as one of local selfishness. The manufac- districts favor what' is termed and at the same time free raw material. The state that famish raw material, demand that raw material from foreign countries bo taxed to such a figure that womld i importation prohibitive. The tariff qasstioa is not a question of pol-' tartbatfaaa itop bat a qaokioa of btauess, gor erned by the selfiahaessof iadiTfduals and localities. Democratic leaden of recent years have insisted, that the repablican party adopted the high tariff ideas of Alex ander Hamilton, and those opposed a. v:i. s. zac n ii . a. - I w utgu uvqueuuv ncnipfc mi quote Hamilton as .the champion of the high' protective idea. The men who make this representation are either ignorant or deliberately attempt to mislead the public. The first tariff bill introduced in congress in 1789 provided for "a tariff for revenue only' and had the approval of Ham ilton, at that time secretary of the treasury under Washington. .The bill was reported to the house by Mad ison, and through the efforts of the followers of Thomas Jefferson a protective-duty averaging 8 per cent was incorporated in the bill. 'After the war of 1812, the tariff duties were in creased on an average of 24 per cent In 1828, the year Jackson-was elected president, duties were increased on an average 43 per cent In nearly every great tariff contest the followers of Jefferson and Jackson have fought to protect the products grown and articles manufactured in their perticular localities, and in sell ing out to the ''house machine" the twenty-two democrats were only up holding the Jeffersonian and Jackso nian ideas of tariff reform, which means protection for democratic com munities, regardless of other sections of the country. THE EXPERIMENT OF LIBERIA. Nearly a century ago the United States assisted in inaugurating an ex periment to determine the capacity of the negro for' self government Then he promoters of the enterprise, or rather their ' descendants, promptly forgot all about it Now the under taking is being forced into public notice again by the call for help that comes from Liberia (Liberty), the black republic which was launched under such favorable circumstances. The African model of the United States is reported to be in a deplorable condition. So urgent have the appeals from the West coast become that a commission has been named to look into the matter and see if our protege in the Dark Continent cannot be start ed again along the pathway of nation al prosperity. ' If the negro fails to achieve success as a nation builder in Liberia he cer tainly cannot complain that he did not have an auspicioas start No .less a person than Uncle Sam was one of the sponsors. The other wasa powerful body of Americans which had an enthusiastic ambition to do something for the cause of the negro. Nations usually are of slow growth. It is not often that one springs forth full fledged as did Minerva. .Liberia is such a nation. It was organized with a pur pose and to exploit an idea. The pur pose was to provide a home for freed 'slaves; the idea to prove that the negro was capable of governing him self. The National Colonization so ciety, which had this purpose and this idea, was formed by Robert Finley in 1816. Henry Clay was made 'presi dent Government co-operation was sought and secured. Africa was selected as the natural place fort such an experiment Native princes ceded to the society a strip of land on the western coast below the Equator. One idea was that slaves who were recap tured from traders might be taken there, either to find homes or make their way from there back to the wilds from which they were abducted. For three years the project lan guished. Then; in 1819, the United States haying passed a law forbidding the slave trade, Congress authorized President Monroe to send a proper person or persons to the African coast to receive and return the recaptured slaves. An appropriation of $100,000 was made fortius purpose. Then the Colonization society collected a num ber of freed slaves and settled them in the promised land. The first perman ent settlement was at Gape Mesurado. An accounting was taken by the Unit ed States government in 1830. This showed that each of the 2,600 recap tured negroes returned to aboriginal jungles had cost this country a little more than $1,000. The United States quit As a philanthropist it was too expensive. Those were days, however, when men were willing even to spend money to show their love for; the negro, and the Colonization society stuck to its task. . A mail oeiler constitution was sent over in 1839 for the negroes to adopt The Liberians began to run things under this constitution, their white patrons in America retaining the right of veto. Real progress was made. Eight years after the constitu tion was put into effect the Coloniza tion society pulled down the American flag, gave the negroes its blessing and the reins of government and left. That was in 1847. England recog nised Liberia as a nation the follow- ing year. Other European govsm- followed the example of Great Britain. Liberia was thus established as a full fledged nation. Naturally, Liberia became a nation formed after the manner of the United States. There was a president and a vice president A cabinet was formed to advise with the chief executive. Two houses constituted the law-making body. A supreme court interpreted the laws. Left to themselves, the negroes started out by making a mis; take. They passed a law forbidding white men to hold property in Liberia. This measure was designed to preserve the supremacy of the black; man in his own country. The evil effects of this law were not at once noticeable. Liberia advanced in power and pres tige, me nrat JiiDerians bad gone from the" United States. They knew how white people lived. As slaves they had rubbed elbows with the cul ture of the South. They triedto build up in the jungle a civilization copied after that which they had left In a measure they were successful. A trade school was established, and it flourish ed. Churches were organized with pastors of their own race. A prosper ous trade was established. But with the death of the negroes who had come into personal contact with American progress the effects of the exclusion of the white man began to crop out The negroes were poor. They could not develop their resour ces. The white man was forbidden to do so. The result is that there is not -a mile of railroad or a line of tele graph' in all Liberia. Other coast settlements have railroads and are prosperous. While they have advanc ed Liberia has gone back. The trade school has been abandoned. Com merce has dwindled to almost nothing. Finances are at a low ebb. Most of the trade that comes from the interior is carried on, not by the descendants of the ex-slaves, but by the native tribesmen who are not affiliated in the government Returned missionaries who use plain language say the Libe-' rians are lazy. The progressive men of the republic, and there are not a few of them, see the nation's only sal vation in the repeal of the exclusion law. They are outvoted, however, by their more ignorant countrymen who glory in their isolation. The poverty of the country is not a result of natural conditions. Nature has been lavish in its gifts. Cotton grows wild. Bananas develop from sprigs stuck into the ground. Other tropical fruits yield abundantly, too abundantly, perhaps, to awaken energy in a people. The climate, while"dan gerous to white men, is not so to negroes. Altogether it is an ideal spot for a black man to make a mark for himself. Perhaps the commission which the United States purposes to send out may find out why he is not fulfilling his destiny. Kansas. City Star. THE NEW CABINET. Strictly speaking the president of the United States has no cabinet, that is to say, there is no integral body of constitutional advisers to whom' he is bound to listen and who derive their authority from the approval of the majority of the legislature for the time being, as is the case of the king's min isters in England. What we call the president's cabinet is composed of the heads of the several administrative de partments, selected by him, with the advice and consent of the senate, pri marily for the management of these departments, and subject in practice to retirement at the president's discre tion. Their relation to the president and to congress is somewhat ill-defined, and disputes regarding it arise from time to time, but usually the control is tacitly in the president He is not obliged to consult them, even as to matters in their departments, but 'he habitually does, not only as to these but as to matters of broad policy. The degree to which the influence of each is felt depends largely on his person ality and on the degree of confidence and harmony he .succeeds in estab lishing. While the cabinet is not, in our gov ernment, a 'body of official advisers, jointly responsible and entitled to be heard, it is plain that its members can be of very great service to a president inclined to seek and capable of using sound counsel. Undoubtedly Presi dent Taft has selected the members of his "family," as it is the habit of Wash ington to call them, with reference to this service. While none of them, with the exception "of Mr. Knox, the new secretary of state, has a consider able national reputation, all are men of acknowledged and proved ability, of excellent training, and of expe rience in their respective callings. The most conspicuous fact concerning thdm is that seven of the nine have been educated as lawyers, and five have attained a high rank in their profession. Another fact is that they are, as a body, in the prime of manhood. Only two of them, Mr. Wilson, in the de partaMnt of agricultnre, and Mr. Mac- Veagh, in thV treasury, are oyer 60. Mr. Nagel, ill the department of 'com merce and labor, is ia his sixtieth year and the remaining six members of the cabinet range'from 42 to 58,with an average of $1. They might -not bave'the taste or the strength for all day saddle rides,, but it'is interesting to note that our townsman, Attorney General Wickersham, is a tried horse- man; that Mr. Knox, the' secretary of state, is a driver and breeder-'of fine horses, and that Mr. Dickinson, the secretary of war, is the owner of the famous Belle Meade stock farm. The practicing lawyers, all eminent in profession, are Mr. Knox, Mr. Ballin ger of the interior, Mr. Dickinson, Mr. Wickersham and Mr. Nagel of the department of commerce and labor. Of these all save Mr. Ballinger have been more or less intimately, concerned with great corporations, transportation or industrial. They are qualified to speak with knowledge on the problem to which President Taft has announced that his administration will give care ful attention, the efficient, just and helpful regulation of corporations so far as the federal law can attain it. It is noteworthy also that two of the cabinet have had the benefit of foreign education, Mr. Dickinson .at Leipsic and Paris and Mr. Nagel at Berlin. It is obvious that Mr. Taft has chosen his cabinet with little reference 10 "secuonai claims wmen only a short time since received such consid eration, and the actual facts as to-their birth and residence shown in a strik ing fashion the' present absurdity of such claims, and the essential nation alism of men of importance and streng th in America ho matter where they were born. JMr. Meyer of the navy department and Mr. Knox of the state department are the only members of the cabinet appointed from the states of their birth. Mr. Ballinger was born in Iowa, has resided in Alabama and Illinois, and is appointed from Washington. Mr. Dickinson was born in Mississippi and is appointed from Tennessee. Mr. .Wickersham, ap pointed from New York, was born in Pennsylvania. Mr. Nagel, appointed from Missouri, was born in Texas. Mr. Hitchcock, appointed from Mass achusetts, was born in Ohio. Mr. MacVeagh, appointed from Illinois, was born in Pennsylvania. While Mr. Wilson, the typical American farmer of the cabinet was born in Scotland. Another evidence of the national character of the cabinet, its independence of strict -party lines as well as of sectionalism, is that Messrs. Dickinson and MacVeagh belong to the noble army of patriots known as "Cleveland Democrats." New York Times. UNSUNG HEROES OF THE DEEP. Life-Savers Succeed or Fail Without the Applause of the World. The life-saver is never a demonstra tive fellow 'and rarely communicative; also, he lacks imagination. Tou can argue with Capt Jim by the hour that his life is a hazardous one and of ex? ceeding interest to those engaged in more peaceful pursuits, but in vain. Only the details of his daily duties, which are many and arduous, seem to appeal to him; the romantic side, the perilous side, he sees not at all. He will talk by the hour of life-buoys and life-lines, or night signals and wireless telegraphy, of searchlights and motor lifeboats; but of himself, who is the life -and. power of it all, nothing, says the Circle Magazine. The government report is the sole history of our unpretending "heroes of peace," and a very dry history it Is. Of nearly 20,000 wrecks and rescues, not a word is printed, save a bare record of the time, place.lives and property saved. In every instance a small band of men went out to a mortal struggle, sometimes right up to the verge of death. A few went over the verge, so simply and quietly that their names remain unhonored and unsung. They battled alone, far away from towns and cities, and the applause of watch-, ing crowds. Bright as the Fire. When Crewe hall was burning, the late Lord Crewe, father of the present earl, displayed a humorous equanimity which St. James Budget deems wor thy of preservation in print. When the historic mansion, with its works of art, rare manuscripts, armor and other treasures, was blazing away, Lord Crewe ordered a footman tc place a table on the lawn and bring him an inkstand and some telegraph forms. He 'then sat down and com posedly wrote this telegram to Street,, the Royal Academician: "Dear Street. Crewe Is burning; come and build it np again." To his sister he sent another mes sage by wire: Ton always used to say this was a cold house; you wouldn't say so if you could see It now." Youth's Com panion. Bookworms. There Is no doubt that all books kept for a long time in libraries and other places become the abode of the germ and microbe. The Tartar's Manners. Whem a Tartar Invites an honored guest to dine with him he will take the guest by the ear and lead him to the table. If We But Knew Hew. Whatever happens to anybody. It fee taraedtto haHAa -alta Watt WaitMaa.- LIKE NOTHING ELSE ON EARTH. Night Llfhta ef New Yark Are a Viaien Tne sky line of New York Is always caaaatafj: So, too, the might lights shift aa stow la wonderful magnify cence, creeping continually further up ward toward the stars, until the lower city, grouped around the Singer tower, has become a veritable Chimborazo of glitter and glow. The little lamps that mark, the. dark wharves barely show. Above them the scant candles of the older city1 twinkle here and there, , but not enough to mar the dark foreground ibeyond which come the palaces more 'goregous than any ever coaxed from genii land by slaves of Aladdin's lamp. From the platform towers of thegreat bridge the picture sets to the best ad vantage. It begins with the sinking sun. The murky view beyond the bay betoomes dull and dark. The torch la Liberty's hand suddenly gleams star Hke in the night and then, like the twinkling In a kaleidoscope, the pal aces begin to glitter in the gloom. There is no vision like it elsewhere in the world, yet only now and then does a bridge pedestrian pause In his hur ried walk to give the spectacle a mo mentary glance. The usual New York, er cares little for the splendor of his town. N. T. World. SHOW HATRED OF FOREIGNERS. Chinese Historical Plays That Alive Race Prejudice. Keep Historical plays are acted every where in China. They are popular in the quiet villages, the homes of the rich, in the crowded cities, and In the busy market towns. ThesVplays are written with the object of Intensify ing the bitterness and contempt of the people against Jh foreigner. The story of plundeiings and massacres of their forefathers is vividly portrayed, with all the dramatic power that the actors possess. The foreigner is rep resented as a monster in appearance. His face is dragged out of shape and his mouth is made to appear near his ear. His beard on one side Is red and on the other blue. His eyes are fierce and staring, and murder is stamped upon his hideous features. The peo ple of the interior, who have never come Into actual contact with the for eigner, have this conception of the hated barbarian. To their minds Americans, French, English, Germans are all alike, barbarians to be de stroyed. The Quaint Beltuaa. Caviare can be made of the roe of any fish; but the principal supply comes from the sturgeon and the bel luga. The latter Is about the most curious fish ia the world. It weighs up to 1,000 pounds and inhabits the waters of the swift-flowing Volga. It is so abundant that the natives of Astracan throw away the flesh' which Is whiter than veal and very dainty and preserve only the spawn, of which they sometimes take as much as 200 pounds out of one fish. This belluga lies on the bottom of the river at certain seasons and swal lows many iarge pebbles of great weight to ballast itself against ttie force of the stream; that is, 'the pebbles act as an anchor. When the flood subsides and the waters are less violent tne belluga disgorges Itself; that is, it unballasts, hauls in Its an chor and swims about for provender Peculiar African Race. There is a peculiar sort of people living In northwest Rhodesia. These natives are small of stature, with large horns on their heads. The horn springs from the scalp, consists of the native's hair mixed with fat and tilth, and is sometimes as much as 18 inches long. For the most part these Kaffirs live on the great open flats to be found on both sides of the Kafue river. They build their huts on the great ant heaps which appear like hills scattered over the flats. When the Kafue is in flood and the flats are changed into great lakes these people are safe in their huts on the ant heaps. Their cattle also take refuge on the ant heaps on which corn and mealies are likewise grown. Send for the 3. P. C. C. A "Young Mother" asks our opinion of "the alleged injurious effects ol rocking on babies." We must frankly say that we con sider it a brutal practice. As the father of a great many babies, of all ages, we never rocked on any of them intentionally, and we would probably be arrested if we expressed our full opinion of any woman who would presume to do so. Lippincott's Magazine. Flattery in Lieu of Tip. How to avoid tipping the waiter at a restaurant: When the bill comes, pay it exactly. A certain Involuntary ex pression of astonishment will be vis ible on the waiter's face, well trained though it may be. You should then rise, saying to him: "I have made an excellent dinner; you manage the es tablishment much better than the pre ceding proprietor did." During his rapture at being mistaken for the owner of the restaurant you escape. Getting Ahead of One's Self. "If I have anything to do that I par ticularly dislike, I start to work on it the first thing after breakfast, sub ordinating all routine work' to that task," said a successful housekeeper recently. "One can expend enough nervous energy thinking about and worrying over an unpleasant duty to accomplish it. When it is finished and off one's mind early In the day, one gets ahead of one's self, so to speak." Ravages of Field Vermin. The department of agriculture esti mates that the ravages of field mice and rats entail a direct loss of $20,000, 000 annually. Olive Oil for Beoks. . Olive oil rubbed, over the library shelves will, it Is said, prevent the mildewing of the books. The Gentleman. He Is gentle If he doth, what leageth to a gentlessasv Chaacer. B RAN IG AIM'S H Columbus - - Nebraska - Will be held on the following dates: Monday, March 29, 1909 Monday, April 12, 1909 Monday, April 26, 1909 1 I always have from 200 to 250 horses for every sale, besides a number of good spans of mules and farm mares, and have sold every horse that was in condition at every sale this season. Parties selling horses in my sales should be in by 10 o'clock in order to get them listed. Anyone wishing to get their names on my mailing list can have it by sending me your name and address. THOS. BRANIGAN Columbus, Neb. John u.'s simple Tastes. Mr. Rockefeller is democratic in all his habits and tastes. In cold weather he wears a paper waistcoat, as he be lievesthai paper more than anything else will keep the chest and stomach warm. He also wears old-fashioned woolen gloves, and when he is seen outdoors on a winter's day he looks more like an old Yankee farmer than the richest man in the world. He alsc takes great care of his stomach, and always did: When he is at work on' any puzzling problem he eats spar ingly, and recently, when downtown at his desk in No. 26 Broadway, he would eat nothing more than a 15 cent meal. This is not so much for economy, however, as for the good ot his health, and many will admit that iw, o.w.irafoiim. ,rCM , ... .wv...v-..v... U.U m J""l' I course meals. hi auauuuiug irom neavy Athletic Arietocracy. The Italian and Austro-Hungarian newspapers are full of accounts of a remarkable society cycle race in which Countess" Ilona Bethlen beat the beautiful and athletic Princess Letitia, Duchess d'Aosta, a fervent de votee of the wheel, as well as Signora Barato, the most famous professional woman cyclist in Italy. The teller, it is said, was promised $5,000 by a well known firm of cyclist manufacturers provided she came in first. Signora Barato, however, was beaten by both her titled rivals. The winner of the race was, of course, the youngest ol the ladies. She is the daughter of the well-known Count Andreas Bethlen. BB Bhw "vB " if. 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"Neatness in moderation is a virtue, but when it is carried to excess it shows littleness vof mind. Good taste rejects nicety; it treats little things as little things, and is not hurt by them." Fenelon. w.- ' . . fc Fru9aI )7'fe- .f 4 . f A 8,ck peasant motions feebly to his wtfo to approach his bedside, and whispers, painfully: "I think, my dear, I could fancy a little broth." "My dear, what do you want of broth? Hasn't the doctor just given you up?" To Save Time. A small machine glass with mark ings indicating different numbers of drops will be found a great saving of time to every mother, while the ac curacy of measurements by means of it is well worth taking into considera tion. Hia'Game. When he had stepped on her feet for about the sixth time she stopped dancing. "I will sit down now," she said quietly: "I see that you prefer foot biL" 7 4 N v - f " -j i - k - ? - - - v&?2s .-"jr i?"--. i p.fc. i n i Sn i fcw nil stini mr Vir-fcnr-JJ?i 'ji T Y- ..--.-WfeSi.- 'Ma i w1'ii rprti.1iy mfr -.- -ii - --vff-A .-. V .-- i- - t r -f rr-r r fVjT a, x- - t . " ir J.. . - .. r -- " m, x -j- r