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The sleeping sickness of Africa is
ontrof the diseases which not only
menaces the black man. but the white
man as well. It has claimed its vic
tims by the thousands, and has re
mained up to recent years a disease of
great mystery, and one baffling the
skill of the physician to successfully
treat. Scientific men have made a
study of it and have about come to
Ike conclusion that it is caused by
the bite of the tsetse fly.
England, because of her possessions
in Africa, has been specially active
in investigating the disease and en
deavoring "to discover some remedy.
As evidence of this the government
established in London last May a na
tional sleeping sickness bureau, which
should act in co-operation with the
Soudanese government and the Royal
society. This bureau undertakes the
collection of topographical, statistical,
pathological and other information re
garding sleeping sickness, and ar
ranges for its prompt distribution
among those who are engaged in com
bating the disease, as well as for the
circulation of publications designed
for the use and guidance of govern
ment officials and missionaries abroad.
It is contemplated, also, to prepare a
map of tropical Africa on as complete
a scale as possible, with the view of
indicating the distribution of the mal
ady and of the species or kinds of
blood-sucking insects which may be
concerned in the causation of the dis
ease in infected areas.
But more important by far is the
recent decision of the British govern
ment to institute a new commission of
inquiry to resume the investigatory
work in East Africa, which was sus
pended in 1900. following the fatal con
traction of the sleeping sickness by
Lieut. Tullcch.
The commission is to -be charge of
Col. Sir David Hruce. F. K. S., of tha
Koyal army medical corps (upon
whom the king lately conferred the
honor of knighthood), and that officer
will be accompanied by CapL A. E.
Hamerton. R. A. M. C, and CapL H.
R. Bateman. R. A. M. C. They will
proceed in September next to Lake
Victoria, on the northern shores of
which, in the province of Chagwe, Sir
II. Hesketth Bell. K. C. M. G.. gov
ernor and commander-in-chief of the
Uganda protectorate, has been au
thorized to provide a suitable labora
tory station.
Sir David Bruce has had special
training and varied experience in
treating nopical maladies which mark
him out as one eminently qualified
for the task at hand.
Twenty-four years ago as an army
doctor he began the study of Malta
fever, and in 1SS7 discovered and
isolated the offending microbe. Two
years of work in Zululand. from 1S94.
enabled him to determine the parasite
(and hence the true nature) of the
-Xagana" disease of South Africa, so
fatal to horses, donkeys, and other
domesticated animals. Moreover, he
proved experimentally that a species
of tsetse fly transmitted the particu
lar infective micro-organism called
in the terms of science, a "trypano
some." Thus he was the first to dem
onstrate that an insect a biting fly
could promote disease by harboring a
blood parasite capable of being passed
as a poison into the circulatory sys
tem of animals.
In 190S occasion served for the
further study of sleeping sickness in
Uganda, and before long he was able
to show that here, too. a species of
tsetse fly acted as the carrier of a
j1J-u-(j1J-u--1j1j1njLrijxrjLrur
A DEAD CITY
&?&
!5aw? . i
miftiJM.
y A retired French officer, M. H. de Bouillane de Lacoste, has discovered in
Selstan, in eastern Persia, a buried town. It lies almost midway between
Meshed and the Persian gulf, in a district that Great Britain and Russia, may
bring some day Into prominence. It lies in a desolate region, but shows evi
dences of a high civilization.
srAG ar ju&rb& Jicjat&s
"trypanosome," the root cause of the
disease, in this case inimical to man.
Sleeping sickness, since its introduc
tion in Uganda in 1901, has levied a
heavy toll on the unfortunate natives,
no fewer than 200,000 out of a total
population of 300,000 in the affected
districts having been swept away. In
large areas of the Congo Free State it
his decimated the tribes. Further
more, it has appeared in the Sudan,
and is now threatening German East
Africa, Rhodesia, and the British Cen
tral Africa protectorate. Coupled
with the native mortality are cases of
Europeans who have succumbed to the
disease, of whom a certain number,
it may be mentioned, have died in
England while under medical surveil
lance. The malady seems not to have been
described until 1803. when Dr. T.
Winterbottcm furnished an account of
cases as seen in West Equatorial Af
rica. We have now, of course, full
information regarding the symptoms
of the -complaint. The usual course
of the disease is from four to eight
months. At the outset there is head
ache, a feverish condition, lassitude,
and corresponding disinclination to
work; the facial aspect changes, "a
previously happy and intelligent-looking
negro becomes, instead, dull,
heavy and apathetic." Later, tremor
in the tongue develops, speech is un
certain or mumbling, the walk shuf
fling, and progressive weakness,
drowsiness and oblivion to his sur
roundings afflict the sufferer. The
last stage is marked by extreme
emaciation, and an ever-deepening
coma until death supervenes. It is,
indeed, the comatose symptoms so
manifest in the final stages that have
given rise to the term sleeping sick
ness. Here it is appropriate to say a few
words with reference to the cause of
a disease, which, down to the time of
the Uganda outbreak, had remained
a mystery. In 1902 the veil was in
part lifted by Dr. Aldo Castellani, who,
working at Entebbe as a member of
the first commission of inquiry from
this country, observed a particular
microscopic parasite in cerebro-spinal
fluid taken from sleeping sickness pa
tients. This formed a new starting
point, and observations made by addi
tional workers quickly supplied con
firmation, and irrefutable evidence
was forthcoming that the parasite was
present in all cases of the disease and
associated with its course. Soon aft
er it was demonstrated by Bruce that
a correlation existed between the
prevalence of disease in the stricken
areas and the presence of ttie tsetse
fly. abundant in those localities where
sleeping sickness was rife. He proved,
further, as a corollary, that the para
sites ("trypanosomes") were trans
mitted from the sick to the healthy
subject by this species of biting fly.
Since then the elucidation of the para
sitic origin of the malady, its mode of
transmission, spread and related ques
tions of infection in botli man and
animals have assumed important as
pects, which many investigators in
various countries are now earnestly
studying.
Curious Russian Law.
Russia has a law which to outside
observers seems almost to put a
premium on theft, by which stolen
goods become the property of the
thief if he can prove that he has had
possession of them for over five years.
In the thieves' market which is, of
course, licensed by the police goods
that admittedly have been stolen
(more than five years before) are
openly offered for sale, and the place
is a veritable Mecca for the light-fingered
gentry and their enterprising
friends, as also for the more honest
members of society, who secure many
a tempting bargain.
Rushing Things.
Estelle He is a perfect brute. He
almost fractured my skull.
Murilla How?
Estelle I agreed to give him a kiss
for everj' shooting-star I saw, and as '
they were scarce he gave me a whack
ji tut; ucau iuui uiuu ua.ei. uwui u
million. Half Holiday.
IN PERSIA
WOW BARREN PLAINJ
Sov'Pi W' iIJ- Mr-yr
wwm .fir M MA 13 ' Iblfrir'Zv 2P'w JBS
1 fBMMww Ipsfefl
MERICAN towns and cities.
A especially in the west, spring
iir n a nl"lit !in,1 fnnprnllv
they flourish and develop
with each year. Evarts, sit
uated on the Missouri river
in the north-central part of South Da
kota, was no exception to the rule in
its early life, but to-day if you should
happen to paddle up the Missouri past
where the waters of the Moreau enter,
the first thought that would enter
your mind when you struck the former
site of Evarts, would be that a cyclone
had wiped out the place.
However, such is not the case.
Evarts is now only a western plain
and this by its own volition. Only a
few weeks ago Evarts was the big
gest cattle-shipping center of the
United States. To-day there is no
Evarts. There is not even a railroad
track; the big shipping depot has
been torn down, here and there a
splinter left when the buildings were
taken away, tells the tale of a once
flourishing city.
And the whole reason for the people
of Evarts getting out of their chosen
town was because the railroad wanted
to find a suitable spot on the Missouri
river to build a bridge. The railway
officials were extending their line to
the coast and the worst obstacle in the
path of the gigantic enterprise was
to find a place to hang the bridge.
Eventually the engineers settled upon
a site several miles north of Evarts
and at that point a flourishing town,
lknown as Mobridge sprang up Evarts
people were offered any site for their
town that they might select along the
extension.
Then the exodus began. Husky cat
tlemen hitched horses and oxen to
their houses and barns, some tore the
edifices down, and they were hauled
across the prairie, much like the
schooners of '49 fame. Glenham and
Mobridge, the latter's name being a
contraction of tha words Missouri
Hourglasses
The 20-minute sermon is a purely
modern invention, as is proved by the
number of pulpit hourglasses that
are still to be found in many old
churches. In the register of St Cath-
! erine's, Aldgate. the following entry.
dated 1564, occurs: "Paid for an hour
glass that hanged by the pulpit, where
the preacher doth make a sermon,
that he may know how the hour pass-
i eth away, one shilling." A modern
fi fi: jt:
9 39
I lii-i?cro roftrkf trArl mnef rt ia li!fr9rtS
people. When everybody had left, the
railroad tore down its depot, great
gangs of men jerked the tracks from
their cedar ties and the short line
from Aberdeen was a thing of the
past
Across the barren plains between
Aberdeen and Evarts millions upon
millions of cattle of every description
had been carted in great long freight
cars to be eventually disposed of in
Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Louis, New
York, Buffalo and in fact all of the
big eastern marts of trade. On August
1, 190S, came the official ending of the
town. All its books were closed on
that date; its employes were officially
dismissed then and their salaries to
that time were paid them, although
most of the public officials and their
families had left Evarts several weeks,
some of them months before.
The casual observer, perhaps in a
launch may go up to the landing at
the center of the town and there tie
his craft for a tour of inspection, but
his efforts to unearth the mysterious
about what was once Evarts will be
fruitless, for everything of any value
whatsoever has been carried away
and scarcely a stick of wood was left
by the economical natives, who now
call themselves citizens of other
South Dakota villages.
Scores of towns have suffered the
same experience which befell Evarts,
but the latter's passage to oblivion
was perhaps more sudden, more spec
tacular and more regretted than any
which have got into the public prints
in a decade or more.
If you had "happened" into Evarts
two years ago and then dropped a few
days ago you would pinch yourself
twice to see if you were awake. This
by reason of the contrast Two years
ago you would have seen roughly clad
cattlemen hurrying hither and thither,
engines puffing along the sidetracks,
trainloads of Kuae of the best cattle
for Pulpits.
pulpit glass probably the only one
of its kind is to be found in the
Chapel Royal, Savoy. It is an 18-min-ute
glass, and was placed in the
chapel on its restoration in 1S67.
Westminster Gazette.
Smallest Human Bone.
The smallest bone in the human
body is contained in the drum of the
ear.
which the west produces moving east
in the direction of Aberdeen, you
would have seen a blue-coated minion
of the law stalking along the passen
ger depot spurting tobacco juice at
the station agent's dog, but to-day
even the dog is missing from the
scenery thereabouts.
Moving day started several months
ago and the freight train conductor,
leaving with the last load of live cat
tle which was to pass out of this
typical American city, was almost
moved to tears as he stood on the
rear platform of his caboose when the
train reached a rise in the plain and
looked back upon the town which had
been his "hang-out" since he entered
the employment of the road.
The writer, making a quick trip
from Evarts to Aberdeen, was loung
ing in the caboose. The sight became
unbearable to the railroad man and
he re-entered the trainman's apart
ments. "I've seen that there burg grow
up from the time when ole Jess Atkins
lived in a shanty down by the river
just south o' town and owned six head
o cattle. There warn't no spur from
Aberdeen then." he soliloquized, "but
Jess used to drive his cows across the
prairie to where the river jines the
Moreau and there they'd ferry the hull
outfit across for a couple o' dollars.
Then he'd have a nice long ride to
Aberdeen.
"Once when Jess' wife and darters
came down to live with him, the ole
man was ketched by some rustlers
from up north and they stole his
pony, cows and money. Jess had to
hoof it back to his shack. Well,
sence thet time y'd be s'prised how
the place has growed. I was on a river
sidewheeler then. I was the pilot.
Well, pretty soon Evarts was boomed
and all us young cubs got the fever
to stake off a bit o' land and set up in
some kind o' bizness, we didn't care
much what and we didn't know what
it'd turn out to be when we staked.
"Well, finally I accepted a loocra
tive job as brakie on this line and five
years ago I got permoted to con
ductor. I ain't goin' to suffer, whom
soever, as they've give me a job doin'
th' same thing from Oakes to Aber
deen when I get through with this
trip."
And the conductor is not a ro
mancer, but his feelings were echoed
through the western air and in every
home in Evarts when it became
Effect of Sun Batns.
"The taking of sun baths is one of
the most healthful things in the
world," said Evan T. Roberts, of Cin
cinnati. "Several years ago I visited
Germany, and while there was taken
down with nervous prostration. 1
called In the best specialists of Ber
lin. They told me 1 seeded more ex
ercise, more fresh air and more sun
light The first thing they made me
do was to take sun baths. I stripped
and would go out In the yard every
morning and lay for 40 minutes in the
known that the railway was to build
a bridge which would take the busi
ness away from this town and allow
the building of a new city where the
river was spanned.
Appropriately the new town became
known as Mobridge and it is te-day
what Evarts was several years ago, a
flourishing, hustling little burg with
everything ahead of its inhabitants,
and whatever their past may have
been, is forgotten.
While Glenham received many of
the Evarts people with open arms, the
greater majority went to Mobridge,
for they declared they saw greater
possibilities there because business
could be more easily transferred from
Evarts to Mobridge.
So if you should happen to be in
the vicinity of Mobridge, ask the post
master, the man at the wharf, the sta
tion agent at the depot or almost any
body the road to where Evarts once
was and take a jaunt down that way.
It's only a few miles south and when
you Imagine what the little city once
was and what it Is to-day, perhaps you
will be repaid for the stroll. Mo
bridge is to-day a typical little west
ern town where some one or other is
continually erecting a shack which he
and his family call home. Homes
spring up in the night and when their
owners grow tired of them they ar
either sold for fire-wood or some one.
perhaps poorer, accepts them for a
small sum.
Western hospitality, a tradition,
which is told in fiction works and
which actually exists, is oho of the
first themes of Mobridge and the
stranger, poor or wealthy, is just as
sure of welcome under Mobridge roofs
as he would be under his own. Of
course there are cattle rustlers in
that part of South Dakota, but thanks
to real western cow tactics, they are
few. Vigilance committees have made
stealing cattle such a hazardous
method of ekeing out a living that few
care to risk their health in that man
ner.
Money in Apple Orchards.
Tasmania has long been known as
the apple land of the' south, but few at
home have any real idea of the money
that can be made, and is being made,
out of apple growing in that island.
Last year, for Instance, there were
many small orchards in the south
which returned as much as 1,200 bush
els to the acre, and one owner of four
acres, who picked over 4,000 bushels
of marketable fruit, which he sold at
four shillings a bushel, reaped a gross
return of S00. As his expenses at
the outside would not be more than
100, his profit an acre worked out
at something like 175. Of course,
this was an extreme case, but or
chards of 20 acres and upward aver
aged full 500 bushels an acre, and
yielded a clear net profit of quite
1,500 in each case. The area actu
ally planted at the present time in do
mestic and commercial orchards is
about 20,000 acres, and upward of half
a million cases of apples were ex
ported to this country last year. Bri
tannia. Hong-Kcng's Fine Harbor.
The Hong-Kong harbor has a water
area of ten niiie3, and is regarded as
one of the finest in the world.
broiling sun. It was not so hot, but
felt so to me, as I was unprotected.
Well, sir, in a few days I began to feel
better. In three weeks I was pro
nounced a well man. The sun baths
certainly did the trick for me."
No Thirst in Munich. '
Munich, with a population of over
540,000, has, on an average, one es
tablishment for the sale of liquid re
freshments to each 319 persons, ex
clusive of the floating population,
which is i. iarge one.
What is Pc-ru-na.
Are we elsimiag too mack for Feroaa
whea we claim it to be aa effecttre
remedy for chronic catarrh? Have we
abundaat proof that Peraaa is ia real
ity such a catarrh remedy? Let us see
what the United States Dispensatory
ays of the principal ingredients ef
Pernnmy
Takflrxor instance, the lacredleat
bydrastls canadensis, or goldea seaL
The United States DIspeasatory says
ef this herbal remedy, that it is largely
employed in the treatment of depraved
mucous membranes lining Tarioaa
organs of the humaa body.
Another ingredient of Pernna, cory
dalis formosa, is classed in the United
States Dispensatory as a toule.
Cedron seeds is another ingredient of
Pernna. The United States Dispensa
tory says of the action of cedron that
tt is used as a bitter tonie and in the
treatment of dysentery, and in inter
mittent diseases as a substitute for
quinine.
Send to us for a free book of testi
monials of what the people think of Pe
rnna as a catarrh remedy. The best
evidence is the testimony of those who
have tried it.
WHAT DID JOHNNY MEANT
j5 aaja
Johnny's Pa See here, young man.
How do you expect to get on if yoa
never see things? You must look for
things always keep looking as I do.
Johnny Gee!
CURED HER CHILDREN.
Girls Suffered with Itching Eczema-
Baby Had a Tender Skin, Too
Relied on Cuticura Remedies.
"Some years ago ay three little
girls had a very bad form of eczema.
Itching eruptions formed oa the backs
of their heads which were simply cov
ered. I tried almost everything, but
failed. Then my mother recommended
the Cuticura Remedies. I washed my
children's heads with Cuticura Soap
and then applied the weaderful oint
ment, Cuticura. I did this four or five
times and I can say that they have
been entirely cured. I hare another
baby who is so plump that the folds of
skin on his neck were broken and even
bled. I used Cuticura Soap and Cuti
cura Ointment and the next morning
the trouble had disappeared. Mme.
Napoleon Duceppe, 41 Dalath St
Montreal, Que., May 21. 197."
Baseball Technicality.
A few weeks ago some boys were
playing ball in an apartment house
yard. A colored waiter came out of
the kitchen and in a very cress man
ner told them to stop right away.
One boy, who had gone te get a drink
came back and found the others mak
ing ready to leave; he asked wonder
ingly, "What is the matter?" and an
other one calmly answered, "the game
was called off on account of dark
ness. tatz or Oiii Crrr or Tolkw. ?
Lucas Coc.vtt. f "
FRA.VK J. Cheney makes oath UaU ke Is senior
partner ot the Urm or F. J. Cub.ibt Co.. doing
buslnf-a in the City ot Toledo. County and State
aforesaid, and that said arm wilt pay the sum ot
ONE nU.NOREO DOLLARS lor each and CTery
rase ot Catakwi that cannot be cared by the use ot
Hall's Cataiuui Clue.
FRANK J. CaiEXEY.
Sworn to before me and subscribed In aay presence
this 6th day uf December. A. .. ISSS.
j A. W. GLEASOX.
1 1i f Kotakt Public.
Hall's Catarrh Cure b taken Internally and acts
directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces ot tha
system. Send for testimonials, free.
F. J. CHENEY A CO.. Toledo. O.
Sold by all Drucclsta. 75c.
TaXe Hall's Family rills for constipation.
Heard In the Rain.
Seeing the sun shining through the
rain a Georgia youngster said to
Brother Dickey:
"Is the devil beating his wife be
hind the door?"
"I dunno, honey," said the old man.
"Hit's my opinion dat ef de devil got
a wife he ain't sayin a word ter no
body!" Atlanta Constitution.
Important to Mothers.
Examine carefully every bottle of
CASTORIA a safe and sure remedy for
infants and children, and see that it
QattMi 4Tia
Signature olCgfUU
In Use For Over 30 Years.
The Kind You Have Always Bought
When a rich man Is seriously ill he
sees a lot of people standing around
waiting for his old shoes.
Habitual .
Constipation
J lay be permanently overcome by proper
wfucK enables one to farm reftul
kabife oWlv Sa trict aslianre to to
ture nay be gradual) dispeitseoWA
Vifcen ho longer needed astaebesTef
mecUes,whe-reauireJ, aretb assist
feature ans not te supalant tke netiarw
aixactien5,vb(CTi must depend uJti
tuitcfy upon propHeV nourtsfunent,
.io get & benejtcial effects, wtasjrJ-.
buy the genuine
-J. manufactured iy fee
California
Fig Syrup Co. nly
SOLD BVALL LEADING DRUGCISTS
eacze
wry, regular price au ftr Bottle
g BOY PAI NTER4j?'2J
t STANDS FOR i3C 1
fPAlNTQUALlTYM 1
1" IT IS FOUND ONCr ON J&jSHsft I
YPURWHITELEADyy