&&&?&' mWMm F5 " ?, "? m:mm ? i j.r-' . JiL-5 f &M tSSK J . Vl 1 US' ro? . i-j - i:t- tu -. arac; 4 - . MADE A NEW FASHION. Jake Played in Old Days a Would-Be Fashionable. Oli Camden, in his "Remains," tells -a good story of a trick played by a knight -upon a would-be fashionable shoemaker. Sir Philip Calthrop purged John Drakes, the shoemaker of Norwich in the time of King Henry VIIL, of the proud humor which our people hare to be of the gentlemen's cut This knight bought as much fine French tawny cloth as should make him a gown, and sent it to the tailor's to be made. John Drakes, a shoe maker, coming to this tailor's and see ing the knight's gown cloth lying there, bid the tailor buy cloth of the same price and pattern and make it of the same fashion as the knight's. Not long after the knight, coming in to the tailor to be measured for his gown, and perceiving the like cloth lying there, asked whose it was. "John Drakes', the shoemaker, who will have it made, of the self-same fashion that yours is made of." "Then make mine as full of cuts as the shears will make it!" John Drakes had no time to go for his gown till Christmas day, when he meant to wear it Perceiving the same to be full of cuts, he began to swear at the tailor. "I have done naught but what you bid me," quoth the tailor, "for as Sir Philip Calthrop's garment is, even so have I made yours." "By my latehet!" quoth John Drakes, "I will never wear gentlemen's fashions again!" London T. P.'s Weekly. ALCOHOL IN MEDICINES. Seventy-Five Per Cent of Doctors' Prescriptions Call for It. Now that the National Pure Food and Drugs law is in effect all "patent" medicines in liquid form bear on the label a statement of the percentage of alcohol contained in them. The average amount of alcohol is said to be about ten per cent, some have more and some less, but that is about the average. Alcohol is everywhere rec ognized as a chemical necessity for the preservation of organic substance from deterioration, and from freez ing and It is also required to dissolve substances not soluble in water. But for the use of a small quantity of alcohol in most ready-to-use medi cines those preparations which most families keep constantly on hand would likely be decayed or frozen when their use became necessary. Alcohol is an indispensable requi site in the fluid extracts and tinctures which are exclusively used in filling prescriptions written by physicians, and these tinctures and extracts con tain from 20 to 90 per cent of alco hol. More than 75 per cent of all the liquid medicines prescribed by physicians contain alcohol in large proportions. Charles A. Rapelye, a leading phar macist of Hartford, Conn., some time ago examined 25 prescriptions repre senting a fair average of those writ ten by physicians to be compounded, and none being for specialties. The average amount of alcohol in the whole number was 35 per cent; but of the 25 prescriptions five contained no alcohol, so that the average per centage of the remaining 20 which did contain alcohol was nearly 45 per cent; or more than four times the probable average alcoholic strength of "patent" medicines. There is some difference of opinion as to whether it is or is not desirable as a stimulant in case of sickness, but there is no difference of opinion as to the necessity for its use as a sol vent and preservative in most cases. The attention of the medical world has recently been called to a mani festo issued by prominent London physicians who, while deploring the evils from the use of alcoholic bev erages, are convinced "of the correct ness of the opinion so long and gener ally held, that in disease alcohol is a rapid and trustworthy restorative" and that in man' cases it may be truly described as life-preserving, ow ing to its power to sustain cardiac and nervous energy, while protecting the nitrogenous tissues. This manifesto which was published in The Lancet, was issued and signed by T. J. Mc Call Anderson, M. D., Regius Profes sor of Medicine, University of Glas gow; Alfred B. Barrs, William H. Bennett, K. C. V. C, F. R. C. S.; James Crichton-Browne; W. E. Dixon, Dyce Duckworth, M. D., LLD.,; Thom as R- Fraser, M. D., F. R. S.; T. R. Glyn. W. R. Corners, M. C, F. R. S.; AY. D. Halliburton, M. D. LLD., D. F. R. C. P.. F. R. S., Professor of Physi ology, King's College London; eJona tnan Hutchingson; Edmung Owen, LLD.. F. R. C. S.; P. H. Pye-Smith, Fred T. Robert, M. D.. B. Sc, F. R. C. S.; Edgecombe Venning. F. R. C. S. The Dyce Duckworth who signed this manifesto was for many years president of the Royal College of Phy sicians, London. REHEARSAL IN A CAR. Professional Entertainer Was Almost Too Successful. "The other night, coming home in the car," said the professional enter tainer, "I began to wonder if I could bring tears to my own eyes as I do to the eyes of the other people. I tried. I thought of all the wrongs I had committed, and felt sorry for peo ple I had wronged. I thought of all the mistakes I had made that other people had profited by and pretty soon the tears began to gather in my eyes and roll down my cheeks. "I forgot there were other people in the car who might notice me. Soon a woman got np from across the car and came to me. " I see, sir,' said she, that you are in sosae trouble. Can I do anything to help you?' "'Lord bless yon. no, madam.' I told her, hastily wiping away my tears, 1 ass a Drofessional entertainer and practicing on myself. That's alL"" Jumpers. -I wast to look at some of Jaspers," said the workman, entering the department store. -Frog department, sixth floor, cen ter. isle," replied the floorwalker, tap. ping his teeth with his penciL Yoakers Statesman. FULTON'S DREAM OF NAVAL WAR IS REALIZED HIS PLEA FOR TORPEDO BOATS WAS MADE MORE THAN CENTURY AGO. ANTIDOTE TO SEA POWER PLAN OF ATTACK IN EIGHT-OARED GALLEYS DIFFERS LITTLE FROM MODERN TACTICS. Before the Age of Steam, the Great Inventor Asked the President and National Legislature to Organize Defense with Great Flotilla of Tor pedo Boats Asserted That Such Engines Would Mean "Liberty of the Seas" Demonstartion of Their Power. New York. Prophecy rests in every line of a book yellowed by a century in which are set forth the views of Robert Fulton on the submarine war fare of the future. Attention has been called to the old volume just at the time, when tests of under-sea craft are in progress, under the direction of the United States navy. Hardly an element exists of the art of attack and defense now used in that warfare beneath the waters but was recog nized by the genius to whom the achievements of steam navigation are due. Coincident with the celebration of the centenary of the day on which Robert Fulton's first steamship trav ersed the waters of New York harbor his almost clairvoyant insight is veri fied. The volume in which he out lines his plans is entitled "Torpedo War and Submarine Explosions, by Robert Fulton, Fellow of the American Philosophical Society and of the Unit ed States Military and Philosophical Society." It was printed in 1810 in this city by William Elliott, of No. 114 Water street On the title page, serving as a text are the words "The Liberty of the Seas Will Be the Happiness of the Earth Not only did the inventor foresee practically all that would come to pass in warfare, but by a hundred years he anticipated the arguments which are now being made by the advocates of peace against the use of the subma rine vessels. Were he here to-day face to face with the members of The Hague peace conference he wonld be in a position to meet every argument which they might make against employing craft which, by sending out torpedoes, deal out death unseen. To President Madison. His pamphlet is in the form of an unofficial report directed to James Madison, president of the United States, and "to the members of both houses of congress. In its opening pages Mr. Fulton invites them to fol low the origin and progress of torpedo warfare in order that they might "form a correct judgment of the propriety of adopting it as a means of our national defense." He speaks frankly of the difficulties and embarrassments which he had undergone and gives the impression that he realizes that the campaign for the adoption of such a method of war fare will be beset with obstacles of every kind. Although he does not mention it in this work, he never was able to put into practice the far-reaching schemes for the building of submarine boats which he had in mind. His proto type of the craft which are now be ing tested was called the Nautilus. It was refused In turn by the govern ments of the United States, of Great Britain and of France. "I believe that it is generally known that I endeavored for many years to get torpedoes introduced into practice in France and England," he writes, "which, though unsuccessful, gave me the opportunity of making numerous very interesting experiments on a large scale, by which I discovered er rors in the combinations of the ma chinery and methods of fixing the tor pedoes to a ship, which errors in the machinery have been corrected, and I believe I have found means of attach ing the torpedoes to a vessel which will seldom fail of success. It is the result of my experience which I now submit to your consideration, and, hoping you will feel interest in my in vention, I beg for your deliberate pe rusal and reflection." Desultory efforts to use torpedoes in naval warfare had been made as early as the sixteenth century, but no mili tary or naval authorities even a hun dred years ago believed it would be possible to introduce so irregular a plan of sea fighting. His First Experiment. Robert Fulton was working in Eng land under the patronage of two no- blemen when, after much negotiation, only foresaw the extension of subma he induced some of the authorities to rine warfare and the growth of the VWWWWWVWAMAMrWMAAMAMMAMAMMMMaMMaAAMa COINS THAT ARE SPURIOUS. How They Are Made and How They Can Be Detected. The most dangerous counterfeits are struck from a die and are usually imitations of gold coins. Molds of various kinds are extensively used, but counterfeits so made are inferior to those made with a die. The die-made counterfeits, accord ing to Dickerman's United States Counterfeit Detector, have a fine ap pearance, lettering and milling being sharp and clear and the ring usually good, in sosae instances almost per fect facsiBailes of genuine. They are nasally, a trile short weight, however; and the edges or reeding not so sharp and clear as in genuine. Many of tkeae coins are fall weight. Various ntetals are used by counter feiters, principally .plantlnnm, silver, copper, brass, antiaaony, aluminum, zinc; type stetal, lead and -their n nteroas compositions. the most dancerous counter witness his torpedo experiments." The first of these was made on October 15, 1805, upon the brig Dorothea, and it is described in full in rthis remarkable pamphlet Its first illustration represents the brig being cut literally in two by .the tremendous explosion which proceed ed from the torpedo which had been devised for the experiment "To convince Mr. Pitt that a vessel could be destroyed by the explosion of a torpedo under her bottom," writes Mr. Fulton, "a strong built Danish brig, the Dorothea, burthen 200 tons, was anchored in Walmer road, near Deal, and within a mile of Walmer castle, the then residence of Mr. Pitt Two boats, each with eight men, commanded by Lieut Robinson, were put under my direction. I prepared two empty torpedoes in such a man ner that each was only from two to three pounds specifically heavier than salt water and so suspended them that they hung 15 feet under water. "They were then tied one to each end of a small rope 80 feet long. Thus arranged and the brig drawing 12 feet of water, the 14th day of October was spent in practice. Each boat hav ing a torpedo in the stern, they started from the shore about a mile above the brig and rowed down to ward her; the uniting line of the tor pedoes being stretched to its full extent, the two boats were distant from each other about 70 feet; thus the- approached in such a manner that one boat kept the larboard, the other the starboard side of the brig in view. Directing the Torpedoes. "So long as the connecting line of the torpedo passed the buoy of the brig they were thrown into the water and carried on by the tide until the connecting line showed the brig's cable; the tide then drove them un der her body. The experiment being repeated several times taught the men how to act, and proved to my sat isfaction that when properly placed on the tide the torpedoes would invaria bly go under the bottom of the vessel." Annihilated Ship. "At 40 minutes past four the boats rode toward the brig and the torpedoes were tbown into the water, the tide carrying them, as before described, under the bottom cf the brig, where, at the expiration of 18 minutes, the explosion appeared to raise her bodily about six feet She separated in the middle, and the two ends went down. "In 20 seconds nothing was to be seen of her, except floating fragments; the pumps and foremast were blown out of her, the fore-topsail yard was thrown up to the cross trees, the four chain plates with their boats were torn from her sides, the mizzen chain plates and shrouds, being stronger than those of the foremast, or the shelf being more forward than aft, the mizzen mast was broken off in two places; these discoveries were made by means of the pieces which were found afloat." This is the history of the first really successful torpedo experiment. De spite the researches which had been made in earlier centuries, few of the naval experts of that day believed that powder could explode under water. , The idea that the shock of such an ex plosion under the bottom of a vessel would have any effect upon it was looked upon as wild and chimerical. Predicted Nation's Growth. Singularly enough, Mr. Fulton not V - - ' m a a mmnW i4 ' 1 h sww mmmmmm.m.m. m fnilnrllirlTfrJyyvy feits of gold coin are those of a com position of gold, silver and copper. They are a low grade gold, and. the acid test shows they lack the fineness of standard gold used by the United States mint, which is 900 fine, or 21.19 carats. "These counterfeits average from 400 to 800 fine. Platinum coun terfeits are dangerous, as the metal used gives required weight, and they are heavily gold-plated. The most dangerous counterfeit of silver coin is made of a composition of antimony and lead, the former metal predominating. These counter feits are of the dollar; 'have a fine ap pearance, are heavily silver plated, with fair ring; some are only slightly below the standard weight Some pieces among the" smaller coins are made of brass, strack from a die. and when heavily plated' are fair imitations. They lack weight, except in a few Counterfeits of type metal, lend and other compositions are mack lighter than genuine; those having renired weight are muck too thick. Genuine coins of an kinds, for the United Stales as a naval power, bat he predicted with remarkable accuracy the growth of population. His figures could not of course take into account the development of railways, the exist ence of which he could not foretell, nor of the acquisition of thousands of square miles of additional terri tory. "The United States," he writes, "Is doubling; her population in 25 years, or, with probable correctness, say 30 years." His table of estimates is as follows: 1830, 10,429,602; 1860. 20,850,204; 1890, 40,718,408; 1920, 81,436,816. It happens, owing to exceptional growth, that the population is, now as much as it should be 12 years from now. He quotes from Arnauld to show that in 1790 England was the great naval power and that France and Spain were holding their own. He quotes the increasing cost of arma ments in Europe as an argument for devising some means of destroying them and thus promoting peace. "I will also show," he continues, "the increasing resources which, if science does not check it will enable England hereafter to support a marine of 1,500 armored ships with as much ease she now does the 760." In consequence of the invention of gunpowder. Mr. Fulton declared that ships of war had increased to their enormous size. He concludes by say ing that not until science shall point out the way to destroy ships of war will it give to the seas the liberty which shall obtain perpetual peace be tween nations separated by the ocean. Use of Torpedoes Defended. "In numerous discussions," con cludes Mr. Fulton, "which I have had on this subject and its consequences, instead of giving liberty to the seas, its tendency would be to encourage piracy and buccaneering, by enabling a few men in a boat to intimidate and plunder merchant vessels, thereby producing greater evil than the exist ing military marines.' "This idea is similar to the one which might have arisen on the Inven tion of muskets, which, giving to an individual the power of certain death at a distance of 50 or 100 yards, rob bers might infest the highways, and from ambush shoot the traveler, and take his money. Yet there is not so much robbery now as before the in vention of gunpowder. Society is more civilized. All civilized society will in its own interest combine against the robber, who has no chance of escape. "But men without reflecting, or from attachment to established and familiar tyranny, exclaim that it is barbarous to blow up a ship with all her crew. This I admit, and lament that it should be necessary; but all wars are barbarous, and particularly wars of of fense. It is barbarous for a ship of war to fire into a merchant vessel, kill part of her people, take her and the property and reduce the proprie tor from affluence to penury. "It was barbarous to bombard Co penhagen, set fire to the city and destroy innocent women and children. It would be barbarous for ships of war to enter the harbor of New York, fire on the city, destroy property and murder many of the peaceable inhab itants, yet we have great reason to expect such a scene of barbarism and distress unless means are taken to prevent it Therefore, if torpedoes should prevent such acts of violence, the invention must be humane." sake of gain, are tampered with in various ways. These operations are confined almost exclusively to gold coins, which are sweated, plugged and filled. Sweating is removing a portion of the gold from surface of coin. The process does not interfere with the ring, and. as the portion removed Is generally slight the coin is left with a jrery fair appearance, weight only be ing defective. The principal methods of sweating are the acid bath, filing the edges or reeding, the operator finding a profit in the small quantities of gold removed from numerous pieces. The average reduction la value of coins subjected to these pro cesses is from one-twentieth to one tenth. For detecting conattrfeit coin, com pare impress, sua, wyght, ring and general appearanae whhga1ne'Cofa of same period and coinage. The three tests of weight, diameter and thick ness should he applied, for it It almost impossible for the ccrmterfeiter to comply with these three tests without using genuine metaL WHERE DOCTORS FAILED. An Interesting Cass from Salem, the Capital of Oregon. t F. A. Sutton; R. F. D. No. 4, Salem, Oregon, says: "Acute attacks of kid ney disease and rheumatism laid me np off and on for ten years. Awful pains started from the kidneys and cpnrsed down through my limbs. I sought the best medical treatment but in vain, and when I began using Dean's Kidney Pills I was walking with two canes and suf fering continual pains, headaches and sleepless nights. I improved quickly and after taking three" boxes felt bet ter than I had for 15 years. The ef fects have been lasting." Sold by all dealers. 50 cents a box. Foster-Milburn Co., Buffalo, N. Y. "Soap Bubble Hanging from a Reed." Our life Is but a soap bubble hang ing from a reed; it is formed, expands to its full size, clothes itself with the loveliest colors of the prism, and even escapes at moments from the law of gravitation; but soon the black speck appears in it and the globe of emerald and gold vanishes into space, leaving behind it nothing but a simple drop of turbid water. All the poets have made this comparison, it is so strik ing and so true. To appear, to shine, to disappear; to be born, to suffer and to die; is it not the whole sum of life, for a butterfly, for a nation, for a star? Henry Frederic Amiel. ALMOST A SOLID SORE. Skin Disease from Birth Fortune 8pent on Her Without Benefit Cured Her with Cuticura. "1 have a cousin In Rockingham Co. who once had a skin disease from her birth until she was six years of age. Her father had spent a fortune on her to get her cured and none of the treat ments did her any good. Old Dr. suggested that he try the Cuticura Remedies which he did. When he com menced to use it the child was almost a. solid scab. He had used it about two months and the child was well. I could hardly believe she was the same child. Her skin was as soft as a baby's without a scar on it. I have not seen her in seventeen years, Trat I have heard from her and the last time I heard she was well. Mrs. W. P. Ingle, Burlington, N. C, June 16, 1905." It isn't difficult to size the average man up, but women are built so queer ly it is impossible to get their actual measure. One Point of View. It was the desire of a teacher in a negro school to impress upon the minds of the youths the benefits de rived at Tuskegee and other seats of learning for the ambitious negro. One day, in closing a brilliant discourse on this subject, in which Booker T. Wash ington was set forth as a criterion, she said to one little boy who had evi dently heard not a word of her-talk: "Now 'Rastus, give the name of the greatest negro?" The answer was surprisingly forth coming "Joe Gans!" Defiance Starch Never sticks to the iron no blotches no blisters, makes ironing easy and does not in jure the goods. Moat men are hopelessly bad or else they are awfully lied about. mmmmmnmnnEV nmmrTmmnnn Let He Seed Yea a Package ef Defiance Starch with. your next order. of groceries and I will guarantee VI i - ' Damage. "Do you believe that water In stocks does any great harm?" "Well," answered Mr. Dustin Stax, "water in stocks, combined with 'the sunshine of publicity, is responsible for a great many. faded reputations." Washington Star. With as- h iron and Defiance Starch, you can launder your shirt waist just as well at home as the steam laundry can; it will have the proper stiffness and finish, there will be less wear and tear of the- goods, and it will- be a positive pleasure to use a Starch that dees not stick to the iron. Strains at a Gnat. The dean of Westminster has re fused to admit a memorial tablet which was dedicated to Herbert Spencer into the abbey on the ground that, he was not orthodox in his Christian belief. To prevent that tired feeling on ironing day Use Defiance Starch saves time saves labor saves annoy ance, will not stick to the iron. The big 16 oz. package for 10c, at your grocer's. Effective. The Missus (crossly) O, I do wish I could be alone for a while, now and then! The Mister . (brutally) Why don't you play the piano when you feel that way? Cleveland Leader. Proving the Point, She A woman ought to get credit for being just as logical and ready to' give a reason as a man. He Why? ...UaaKi She Oh. because! i. ou always get full value In LewiV Single Binder btraight 5c cigar. Your dealer or Lewis' Factory, Peoria, III. Theatrically speaking, the heroine's death scene is usually less realistic than her .hair dyeing. Mm. Wlaafaw'a Soothing; Syrap. For children teet&Inir, softens the trams, reduces nv Csmmstlon.silsrspsln, rnrai wind colic 2ScabotUe. Tis the course makes all; degrades or hallows courage in its faTJ. Byron. TIRED AND SICK YET MUST WORK "Man may work from sun to sun but woman's work is never done." In order to keep the home neat and pretty, the children well dressed and tidy, women overdo and often suffer in silence, drifting along from bad to worse, knowing well that they ought to have help to overcome the pains and aches which daily make life a burden. It is to these women that Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, made from native roots and herbs, wuiiua uicwiug, uucu iuc ojiu its are depressed, the head and back ivi n o rw a- v i aches, there are dragin?-down pains, nervousness, sleeplessness, and reluctance to go anywhere, these are only symptoms which unless heeded, are soon followed by the worst forms of Female Complaints. Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound keeps the feminine organism ina strong- and healthy condition. It cures Inflammation, Ulceration, displacements, and organic troubles. In preparing- for child-birth and to carry women safely through the Change of Life it is most efficient. Mrs. Augustus Lyon, of East Earl, Pa., writes: Dear Mrs. Pinlc ham: "For a lonr time I suffered from female troubles and had all kinds of ache3 and pains in the lower part of back and sides, I could not sleep and had no appetite. Since taking Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound and following the advice which you gave me I feel like a new woman and I cannot praise your medicine too highly. Mrs. Pinkham's Invitation to Women Women suffering from any form of female weakness are invited to write Mrs. Pinkham. at Lynn, Mass. Out of her vast volume of ex perience she probably has the very knowledge that will help your case. Her advice is free and always helpful. that you will be better satisfied with it than with any starch you W have ever used. I claim that it has no superior for hot or cold starching, and y - SICK HEADACHE gAfflT FfesHlvely enred ftqr tkeae little nUa. They also relieve Ma tress from Dyspepsia, la VITTLE Fiver mi.s. digestion and Too Ueartv Eatin?. A perfect reav edy for Dizziness, Kaa sea. Drowsiness, Ba4 Taste ia the Month, Coa ed Tongue,' Paia la the Side, TORPID UVKB. Ther regulate the Bowels. Purely Vegetable, SHALLPILL, SVALLMSE. SMALL PUCE. ' carTSs Genuine Must Bear Fac-Simile Signature IEFUSE SBISTITITES. U. S. NAVY enlists for four yeare yo-irjr men of good cnaraCUT and bound plivscal condition be tween tnoapesol liii'i"i.utu'reiiilce ea men; o.Hjnuiiii!L-.s for aura cruei.i; pay SI6 to $70 u tuuntli. Eleoir cians-. mac&iuiMs. blacksmiths, conirsnutnr.. yeomen (ekrks), carpenters, sbipntters, tiretuon. luustr&na. cook. etc.. between 31 and ! years, enlisted In special r.uinjjs wiinsiiiiab pay: nnspltal apprentices IS to 2S years. Hetlrrmeni vn thrcc-tunitbs pay and allowances after Z year seriicc. Applicants mns. be American citircns. first clcrning outfit frcetrtrecrnlrs.' Upon tilscname travel allow;tnc cents pT mile to piaceor enlistment. iKi:iitiourmntn9 pay and increase in pay upon r tourmti'itbsor tllsenarce. anittIatlni(s.Kelrsska. J at I- .Mo'nt". aiw! Siiinx : RAVI BECIMT1M STATION, IIVE STOCK AND MISCEUAMXOJS Electrotypes IN GREAT VARIETY FCR SALE AT THS LOWEST PRICES BY AJ1HELLOCG NEWSPAPER Ca 33 W Aiias Street, CHICAGO PIT & F.ILESS SCALES. For Steel and Wood Frames. C5 : uo. writo us before yon ony. .,.. ..... .........1. i. Pumps and Wind Mills. BU.KJU& MttOS.. Or Haiaaa, la. - sjnf? All I iK.l It Will Not Stick to the Iron WITTIE TlVER p&ls. c-t5ius!u:eniw:iiiin a , OScca at I .info's Llso. rt u rn;r winter. tv. 1'iwi. A41rra ,r.0.BMt..SMAM 1 No cheap premiums are given with DEFIANCE STARCH. but YOU GET ONE-THIRD MORE for tour monet than of ny other brand. DEFIANCE STARCH costs 10c for a 16-otf. package, and I will refund your money if it sticks to the iron. Truly yours. Honest John, The Gfoceiysftaa - - - - Eg?W 9-,o?.- EM-m WUfttT STICRTD I IwbMDrI i i j -W"-' ? - 4av'.-. fVTft- -V , 1. .3 --" v-t.v; o,..l.v , V .. .- " 4 s -. ' .tC 'g'.Sit . .r .. gr jz?j!w'.&t-fil!'jh:.&. JXAyiV5 ry,& -,.;.& '?z5ii -.-& xhS.-, -??' r; ,a-sV , !,- ,yq . - .-"