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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (May 22, 1907)
BsmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmlHImmmmmmmmmmmml Are the $i 4r m r ' Haphazard methods don't go In the poultry yard. . Pat a little- alsike clover when sowing. with the red Let the aim be not only to improve your methods; but your habits as well. To keep the cream intended for churning uniform it should be stirred daily. Shade is needed for the chickens. Plum trees do well when planted in the chicken yard. . It is the early chick that Tiot. only catches the worm, but that makes the most profit for its owner. . Better be late in planting corn than to be in haste to get the corn in while the ground is clammy and cold. In pruning always cut as close as possible, and la this way. make it possible for the tree to cover the wound. Don't plant trees if you are not will ing to give them the attention they need afterwards to make healthy, vig - orous growth. Bid you plant any trees on Arbor day? Not too late yet Do it by all means and succeeding generations will rise up and call you blessed. -The farmer who will not improve .is the fanner who will tell you that the farmer's lot is the worst kind of slave ry and that there is no money in farming. t The plow with a dull point inflicts a .double hardship. It is hard for the horse before the plow to pull it and it is hard on the man behind the plow to hold it in the furrow. It is foolish to let strawberry plants, fruit the first season. Pick off any blossoms which may appear and you will reap your reward in vigorous plants which will yield abundant bar vest the second season. Watch the nest as well as the sit ting hen for lice and mites. Make her task as easy as possible by giv ing her a clean place to incubate the eggs: Every sitting hen -should, be dusted with lice powder. To prepare poisoned corn for gophers, field mice, crows, etc, dis solve strychnia sulphate, one-half ounce, in half gallon of water by heat ing gently for half an hour, then soak the corn until the solution is all ab sorbed. Here is what a western hog raiser has to say concerning the up-to-date hog: "He comes in the early spring time and gains .at the rate of one and a half to two pounds per day. He is a finished hog and ready for the mar ketby December. He is often a mar ket topper, for he is plump and full of the right kind of meat." Nuts and fruits exported from -this country during eight months ended in February amounted to $14,926,760; over one-third as much as the wheat . exports amounted to and almost as much as the value of the beef exports, for which this country is famous. Have you a part in this splendid de vetopment of the fruit and nut grow ing industry? Many a farmer who is not content to let the weeds find a ropthold on his farm. Is letting the weeds of many a bad habit and ill-temper thrive in his life. Weed out the bad, sow the good seed, cultivate diligently and thou shalt reap a wholesome harvest of contentment and happiness, and thy neighbors and thy friends will rejoice with thee in the good work wrought I Never suffer yourself to be Impa tient with the weather conditions. These things are in higher and wiser hands than oars and it were worse than folly to say harsh, uncomplimen tary things about them. Take the weather as it comes, be sweet and hopeful; and try to adapt work and crop to the weather conditions. Ten chances to one it will come out all right We want to warn our readers to be en the lookout for gymnosporanglum juulperiaum. It has, we are informed by a recent work on plant diseases,an .eaipyhllous spermpgonia and a hypo phyllous pseudoperidia. .This descrip tion will make identification easy and enable the intelligent readers of Mea dowbrook Farm -Notes to be prepared to fight the disease, for to be fore warned is to be forearmed. ' We have remarked on former occa sions that the "low down' wagon on the farm is "way up" in the estimation of the fanners who have used it and here is one fanner's testimony in cor roboration: T could not get along without my low down handy wagon. It is economy to have one, as one man can haul sz much on it int a day as two can on a high wheeled wagon. It is. also much handier to load and unload. The wheels are steel and are five inches wide. I can haul manure on field when ground is soft, where a nar row tkeceuld not go, and if I had. hut one wagon on myjfarm, it would he a lew dewn Bandy wagon." Look after the hog lice sharply when hog -cholera breaks out for it is said they spread the disease rapidly. la sections of the country where the 'soil is too poor for general tanning the poultry business can be conducted successfully: " - The choice of crops should be as much a matter of deliberate, careful planning as that of their planting, cul tivation and harvesting Grass is. as good for hogs as It is' for cattle. Give them a pasture, and they will do more 'than the square thing by you in return. . If hilly ground is plowed crosswise of the slope the chances for washing under heavy rains is much decreased over what it would be if the furrows run up and down... Does that collar fit? Perhaps, it did at the start but it needs readjustment now. Attention to these little details will -give you a 'larger .return in serv ice from your team. The separator must be. kept clean by washing thoroughly each time aft-' er using. The slightest taint of foul ness will affect all the milk and cream that passes through It Horses at' present prices are money makers for the farmers who raise them. Why not raise a few? Be par ticular about the sire you use. Go far to get the services of a good one. The brooder that Is handled right is all right to be sure, but there never was a brooder invented which could beat the old hen for motherli ness and thrift in rearing the little chicks. By the 'way, how is your calendar scrap book getting on? Tou ought to be adding to it and you ought to be jogging your memory from the clip pings -and memoranda you have put therein. Several professors in the Utah agri cultural college have resigned owing to the action of the legislature of the state in abolishing engineering from the course of study. They felt it was a backward step. Here is a point for the housewife to remember when sweeping the carpet Put a littlekerosene upon salt and then scatter over the carpet and sweep. The dust will come up better and not injure "the carpet" Land intended for parsnip growing should be deeply and finely worked, and supplied with a liberal amount of available plant food, so that the young plants will make a quick, strong start and strike down straight and smooth. Don't be afraid of the truth. Look it squarely in the face, and if it is the truth and you are wrong, acknowledge it and get right Don't go on living In error, whether it has to do with farm methods or the treatment of your family. Get right and then go ahead. The man who doesn't take pure de light in seeing his stock grow and, thrive, and who does not find real pleasure in feeding and caring for them, cannot expect to have much suc cess. A close sympathy should always exist between stock and stockman. . If you want to really know what you can do with that bad piece of road which lies alongside of. your place, rig up a road drag and spend a little time dragging the dirt up! to the center. One season's faithful at tention at the right time will make a different road of it Cement, mixed with lime sulphur wash to make it stick to the trees is an a innovation in the spraying line which an orchardist in British Colum bia is 'said to be using. The plan is to. add four pounds of cement to each 50 gallons of the spraying mixture. This is done after the lime and sul phur have been boiled. Do yon put the horse in the stall at night with all the sweat of a faithful day's work upon him, with never a stroke of currycomb or brash to make him comfortable, and In condition for a good night's rest? Stop and think how you would feel in the morning If you took no time to clean up and slept in your sweat-soaked clothes all night , a prominent veterinarian has rec ommended the following as a preven tive fos, abortion in a dairy herd: Viburnum prunifolium in two ounce doses, two or three times per day, starting one to two months before the usual time of abortion. It is -a seda tive and tonic a to the uterine and ovarian nerve centers, and a powerful aatiabortive. The' officers of the National Dairy Show association have, arranged to ac commodate, classes in student judging of dairy stock at the show to be held la Chicago in October. Five dairy breeds are to be represented. Jersey, Holsteln, Guernsey. Ayrshire and Brown Swiss, and there wilj probably be 209 cows. Each breed will be rep resented by an expert judge, selected by the association, to which the breed belongs. Classes from the various col leges will be admitted. The rules and regulations governing the- Internation al live stock judging contest will be meed in the national dairy show con test, as far as they, may apply. Paris A scientific enpeditkai which has spent six years in the wilds of the Andes has just returned to France and Cot Bourgeois, its 'chief, has given some remarkable'details- of Its experi ences. It' was-organised to make a new set of observations from which' to verify the length of a ddgree on the equator the 'unit upon' which the French standard of measuremeat'and the metric system lure' based.' ' " The site chosen for the work was the' neighborhood of Quito, 'Ecuador. It was so high up In the mountains that although in the very center of the torrid zone the men lived under arctic renditions.- The party consisted of ten" commissioned and 27 noncommissioned officers. With .three, exceptions the entire narty scent the entire six years In the work. One df"thosc who gave 1 up was 'Commandant Massenet, who preceded Co'l. Bourgeois at the head of the expedition. Loneliness was one of, the things the men had to , fight hardest against They lived to a large extent amid fields of snow and' ice.' The country below them was often Invisible from clouds figging about the mountains. Yet their situation differed from that of arctic explorers in this respect that. they knew thousands of people were within comparatively easy reach. The temptation to descend to the seaccast cities was therefore almost irresisti ble at times. ... " " Of course the men did .not spend the whole time, in the mountains. This .would have been almost, impossible,, because they had not merely the.vigor of the cold to contend against but also the enervating effects of the rarefied atmosphere of the mountains. The average height at which they lived and worked was 13,000 feet above sea level. Cooking was difficult at that elevation and the proper feedings of the men was one of the most difficult problems. Another practical difficulty was securing servants, and laborers. The natives consented to go Into the hills only at high pay and on urgent persuasion and .they deserted at the least provocation. The winters were especially trying. Bands of wolves wandered about the camp and de voured the refuse thrown out even to old leather straps and the wornout saddles of .mules and horses. Notwithstanding the obstacles, 74 geodetic stations were erected. A chain of geodetic andastronom'cal ob servations covering the entire six years was secured, including the estab lishment of the meridian of Quito, with the nearest approach to scientific accuracy that Is possible. The re maining error,' it is said, is infinitesi mal. The result of the observations was not worked out This is to be done in Paris now by a corps of sci entists. The expedition cost a good deal, of money. Besides the pay of .the mem bers the French government contrib uted 40.000 francs ($8,000). The bal ance of the expenses, about $20,000. has been subscribed by Prince Roland Bonaparte. While the members of the. expedi tion confined themselves strictly to their mathematical work. Dr. Paul Rivet staff surgeon In the French army, who was detailed as its medfe cat attendant made a remarkable col lection of photographs of the country and people and brought home also an invaluable ethnological gathering of native implements and fabrics. MACHINE FINDS OIL WELLS. Terre Haute Men Organizing Company to Sell Device. -. Terre Haute, md. Business men of Terre Haute have formed a $25,000 stock company to put a device for locating oil wells on the market Oil well, men call it an "oil smeller." Its owner, Harry Kurtz, of Princeton. Ind..says it will tell if there is oil even at a depth of 1,650 feet The machine is not disclosed to the public yet but Kurtz says he has been experimenting with it for two years and that It has never failed. The pres ence of oil under the surface of the earth is made known by an electrical reaction process, and Kurtz says that with the machine he .has selected the .location for 80 wells, mostly in the Illi nois field, with which it Is now thought. Terre Haute is connected. The Standard Oil company's repre sentatives have leased many thousand acres in this part of Indiana, and big independent operators have done like wise. Taking advantage or the speculative fever, local, promoters have formed companies, and are offering" the stock under flaring advertisements in the newspapers. Polishing the Pels. , In the railway station at Wilkes bsrre. which has a large Slavic popu lation, is a sign over the bootblack stand bearing the legend: Shine fire cents. Polish ten cents An Irishman stood in front of it the other day apparently plunged 'in profound thought. At length he pulled his pipe from his mouth and spat vig orously. ,.--'' "Faith, and they'd be doin well to chYrge double for dagoes, too," was his .emphatic comment;' Harper's Weekly. Long Fast Cures Disease. Webster City. la. Mrs. Harriett M. Closz, a beautiful and.prominent soci ety woman, has just tasted food 'for the first time In 45 days.' She entered the voluntary fast to cure herself of rheumatism, which had crippled her. Her first breakfast was made up of orange juice. Though she had gone without food for so long she was able to answer the telephone and. Inform friends of her condition. She says the pain and swelling in her legs are almost gone. 8he believes dieting can completely cure BsmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmEsmmmmmmmmmmmmV: ' BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBaaaaBBBBBSBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBsiaSBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBl sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssVaaaaaaaasssssw1 -- SBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBnBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBW SBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBP k BBSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSBSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSBBSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSl BSBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSSBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBl BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBH BSSSSSSSSSSSsflBBSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSBSBBBSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSB'' BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSV'' , BBSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSb ' BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBHi ' ' Photograph of King Edward of England an J King Alfonso of Spain taken at' Cartagena en the occasion of the Visit, of the. British ruler and the Queen to meet Alfonso and the Queen Dowager. DUELS IN r.:CRE THAN 3.C00 CONTE3TS DUR ING YEAR OF 19C6. r.'uisancs Knows No Bounds in Uni versities in That Country Stu dents. Clightly Injured About "" Face Try to Retain Scars. Berlin. Baroness Von Eschlinger, young and romantic, was courted by a student in the'. University of Luebin gen, but before consenting to be his wife she exacted as a condition that prior to the wedding day tie must fight a duel and get, a scarred face. Among the students in the German' universities the duelling nuisance knows no bounds and is increasing' at such a rate that alarm 'has begun' to be felt by the university authorities, I but the difficulty of distinguishing btP;j . .. . j - . tween duels carried out as sport andf those in satisfaction of honor Is very great It is computed that In 19 W more than 3,000 duels 'were fought Students only sligntiy-jwoipd iJn the--face take care to rob vinegar-' or some other irritant into 'the wound -I that the scar may retain Vfine,Nbrighttduelliag from the' point of view of re- red color. There is nothfngTthe ordt- nary student Is prouder of than thessj facial adornments. ODD DROUGHTS Grant, Mich Will Go Dry Till Some One Builds Hotel. V Z " Grant, Mich.-At a special meeting of the Grant village council the fol lowing. resolution was adopted by a vote of 5 to 1: "Resolved., That we, the council of the village of Grant Newaygo county. Mich., do declare that we will here after approve of no saloon bonds with in, the corporate limits of said village of Grant except when the proposed saloon business is to be connected with a hotel, as hotel bar, such hotel to be constructed of brick, stone or other substantial material, other than a frame building, and steam heated. "Provided, that whenever, any re sponsible party or person shall own, In fee simple, a suitable location within said village, and shall contract for the erection thereon of a suitable hotel building, to be erected within three months of the date of said contract, of sufficient proportions, then we. the said village council, will immediately grant a license for a saloon, to be con ducted in connection with a hotel. "Provided, further, that & .copy of the contract giving, specifications for the building proposed to be erected, shall be filed with the clerk of said -village council." Grant has long ago outgrown her hotel service. every,.day from one to ten persons being unanie to ootain ac commodations. "This condition has so b Too Fat 300 Pound German. Floats Like Cork When He Attempt Suicide. New York. Discovering 'after re peated efforts to drown himself, that he .floated like a cork, an obese Ger-' man bent on suicide decided to try to end it all by some other, method than, that of immersion. His efforts at sui cide in the, Atlantic basin moved the dock loungers to unfeeling mirth. The unhappy Teuton, who appeared to weigh about 300 pounds, walked to the end of the Porto Rico line pier, and with a last look around.jamped into the water. "It's all over," he said as he took the leap. v But it did not end. Coming up from his dive, the fat man floated face up ward. Again' and again he tried to dive under the surface, but his body merely rolled over, and each attempt found him floating with his face up ward. He was trying for the fifth time to ... I GERMANY. A number of German aristocrats, with Prince Lowenstein and Count Er bach at .their head, .have, resolved 'to begin a systematic agitation against .duelling among university, students and in the. army. They are promised the support of two of the. most 'influ ential of the rulers of ..Germany,, the king of Saxony and the grand, duke of South .Germany. . " Although. recent edicts ,of .Emperor William have done much to stop duel ling in the army, it is well known that the practice still flourishes and .that the newspapers mention only a very smalt proportion of the duels which actually, are fought The emperor's real .opinion 6f duelling ha3 often been discussed.'. Officially he Is opposed to it and more than once has issued a. decree against it", but' the Impression prevails thst in his heart he approves of it ai'a manly and' knightly way of settHhK noints of honor among sol diers, especially "where the honor of an' officer's wife or daughter Is con cerned. -'With a" word the emperor eouhLstepT ts&pvactice, Jiut this word he hifa''notyeVuttered.' X-Ttm. f&infcftii I M Ptrn nnnnnent of iigkmv and her hatred of it is shared b'yievery - Roman Catholic ruler in Germany.' FORt A 7 OWN. ainterf ereL w jth the -welfare of the 'tQwn'thaVttie.coundl has said "to the first ..man who contracts to give us ampi&care, for our growing hotel, busi ness we -will immediately grant a II- quor license., .until such time, we go dry." As Grant with her numerous little industries and a genuine building boom now on, is a splendid location for a first-class hotel, it is probable that the field will not.be open tea days. Make Clothes from Paper. Washington. Correspondence be tween Consul W. J. Pike, of Zittau, and the president of the chamber of commerce of that German city reveals that there Is a firm in South Germany which makes paper clothing. Just who wears these garments is not di vulged. Following is an extract from the letter to Consul Pike. "In our district so far as we are in formed, yarns of woolen and cotton, mixed with paper, are not produced. If such is the case in other parts of Saxony we are not aware of the fact From parties versed in this matter we learn that a material Is spun, out side of Saxony, from a paper stuff ob tained from wood and .known as sll valin. The spinning of this silvalin yarn has up to the present only been -done by a firm in South Germany. In Saxony the manufacture of such ma terials has never passed the trial stages. To Drown. sink himself when Watchman William Walsh jumped in tod tied a rope around him and hauled him ashore. He was taken into the boiler room nearby, where he was dried out While the watchman was deciding what to do with him. the German slipped put and disappeared. $35,000 for Girl's Lost Leg. . , New .York. A verdict of $35,000, the largest on record for such an in jury, was given Miss Margaret Noakes against the New York Central rail road the other day before. Justice Hendrick by a jury in the supreme court Miss Noakes. a girl of 20 years, sued the, railroad company for $56,000 damages for the loss of her left leg. A Central locomotive ran down the auto mobile on which she was in June, ltOL v It Is wiser to run away when there is no remedy than to stay and die in the field foolishly. BBS BBS BBS. - SBM SB BBS) SB - cWby should the sosml merchant be tnstroalsed Instead of (the, mail order ioise? r-Tie subject has been ex-' hausted almost and fromall oointn'of viewinnd-all sides there Is no valid 'reason .j-why the merchant - at; .home articles waateV -., R is not the intention of the writer to- jot rdowh ! pleasant flow of lan guage or' to produce an interesting bit of reading matter, but merely to state in a few slmpfe'sentences what I have seen and learned of the competiton be tween the catalogue, houses and the home merchants. In the first place no ,ohe community suffers greatly in this competition. That makes the problem an the more difffcult In isolation. I mean by this that the majority of buy ers in no one community purchase by malL The business of the mail order house, is scattered over a .large, terri tory, .the number of- orders, coming from any u one community compared with the whole Is. comparatively small to' the number of orders In the town. There Is an exception to this in a com munity where-the home merchants are dead ones and askexhorbltant prices. ' To illustrate. There Is a little city in. the central part of Wisconsin, a beau tiful little place, with Us shady streets' and pleasant-.homes. IMias several general stores owned by .live., wide awake merchants, who are hustling for business, yet are always pleasant and ready to visit .with a customer.. They are not put out at any time to show goods, taking down bolt after bolt of cloth and maybe then not making even a,flve-ceat sale.- They take that as part of their business; they are always BBBBmMiB' ssBBBBnSBHasBfiMff1 2& kjti "'UB'r HDgH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBmm j3T ,3 mimW jHJP .EJmmBBSBBBBBBSmmmmmmBBSSBmVBBBBSBSsi BSJIHHBHB VsBSBBBBBBsmmVmk ' '.fIbHIbbI 'IHjHBf . 1 1V TelesBmftiSBBBBBm e re' SBsmmmmmmmmmJBssHsBSBBsmmmmmmlE SJjfjfiJJflfijiJ5S9BHjjji BV! BBBBBSmiflB? SgasBBsgMHPMBliJJi-1 j, "r - When the local editor and the local merchant put their ahsuldsra e the wheel of local progress the town will move, its industries will thrive, it will prosper. But remember the editor cannot do it all; he asks and must have the merchant's assistance. ioomim.mimimim mm m. m,m m m ----- V - - - - - - - willing to send post-haste to the city for any article they may not have in stock that is wanted by a customer; their stocks are up-to-date and free from shelf-worn goods. These men make the humblest customers feel wel come in their stores, and particular at tention Is paid to waiting on children, giving them even better measure and quality than their elders would re ceive. And these men are advertisers. Their ads in the local papers are changed regularly and show time and study. They meet the mail order man more than half way In special sales and clearing of odds and ends. Here Is an instance where there is no legi timate excuse for a person sending away after goods. And the people do not. Very few articles of general mer chandise are shipped into that city. The buyer and seller are working In harmony to their own betterment and advantage. But look at the other side. The city which we have in mind has one hard ware and one furniture store. Both have fairly good stocks for the size of their circle of trade, but just step into either one of these stores. The pro prietor may be in the back room or the back yard for all you know, but by and by some stir is heard and leisurely he makes his appearance neither store has need of a clerk and probably with some grumbles about being disturbed, asks what is wanted. -"There might as well be placards in the store announc ing "Buy what I've got and keep still" and "We are busy, don't disturb us." No effort is made to show yon an arti cle; nothing Is ever taken down from the shelves unless directly asked for. Neither hardware nor furniture man acts willing to get what you want if he does not have it in stock. And again neither one of these stores believe in advertising. They use no space in their home papers; a newcomer' would never know the city possessed such places of business enterprise. Who ever heard of a country hardware or furniture store having n special sale, or harvest sahs or the like? But why not? These two storekeepers are bit ter against tie mail order houses. I wonder why? I talked with the rail road agents in that little city and he said lots of hardware and furniture was shipped in. He said, "One day I made out an express order for $34 to pay for a bill of, hardware. I told the man to go up and see if the merchant couldn't fill the order. He went but soon came back, saying that 'he dMnt have half of the stuff on hand and that he wouldn't cut a bt on what he did have.'" He probably win ho en a-' he VW teTTyWTlrK Is not the logeetf alone that that it is the lethargy dealers.: JThey-nre ..helping away trade.fross I have wandered from, the, subject and gotten over esTthe buyers side oCthe fence; but isn't it welt at times to look si the other side of this pitiable story? I started to write a few lines on "Why rVople Should Trade at Home." and have getten Into th field ef "Why the Home Merchant Should Indue People to Trade at Home." .It may be falr to the little town ,to- once in a while throw a few shovels full of earth on the oenwrcatieH.he iUaketh. and poUuteth the rest . , EDWARD T. HALE. SOME REMARKABLE HORSES. i ' , u -- Wonderful Stories: About the of Fatness Mck In hisletters to, Lord Granville, lished by,the,Royal Philosophical so ciety, who was also email v!lntrMtad in natural history. 8mkhson: the I founder of the Smithsonian Institationi in America, relates how the horse of: Alexander the Great; Bucephalus., would at night, on hearing a Mast of the trumpet from the soldiers on guard: showing the. approach of .the enemy, run at great speed to his aster's tent and with his teeth grab the sleeping, monarch and shake him until he sprang into the saddle and galloped toward the enemy. i'' Also that the great Caliph Haroua-el-Raschld in the eight century' in march ing toward the forces of Queen Irene WVWWWWVWVVWWWWWWWWWWWWVWWWMVWVWWWWWWWWW - - - lyl - - vyyvvMvyvYyW(WWWWUj)WM of Constantinople constantly had a' number of trained Arabian horses (di rect descendants of the famous horse owned by Ishmael 4,900 years ago) thrown forward as scouts, who from time to time returned to camp and by a peculiar whinny and neigh reported' the proximity of the enemy. But, to come down to the present day. It Is related by a retired New England clergyman, whose sands of life had nearfy run out, that one day on leading his horse down through a lane to a brook for a drink the animal suddenly halted and, turning its head round, grabbed up with its teeth one of its hind shoes which had just dropped off, and, holding It in its mouth with the nails dangling, it backed up against a stone wall and clapped it onto its hoof and with a few violent kicks nailed it on again. All Cutting Sawing. Knives, no matter how carefully sharpened, are little saws; the grind ing away 'of the steel, done by the stone, is not an even work, but when the edge gets thin is a process of tear ing away tiny bits of steel bysthe grit of the stone. This tearing makes the teeth. A fine stone makes fine teeth, a coarse stone coarse teeth. A carving; knife, used on meat is sharpened on a coarse stone or a steel, and has coarse teeth, although its edge is thick. Its action In parting the meat Is more that of a saw than a fine wedge. No ter how soft it may.be. it will cut easily unless it is drawn over the teat and not simply pressed down, A razor, however, with its paper like edge, will cat Into flesh with a simple pressure It is a wedge dividing the fibers ef flesh just as a wedge of iron divides the fibers of the log it spIRs. But a razor is a saw, too. only as It Is ground on the finest stones and later finished with a leather strop. Its teeth are very fine indeed hundreds and hundreds to the inch of Made. St. Nicholas. The Actor's Complaint. The physician looked grave. "I give you," he said, "but ten years of work." "Grinding his teeth, the actor hissed malevolently: "Curse you, why didn't yon tell mo this before? Are you aware that yon have robbed me of at least seven fare well seasons?" ' Where the DM 4fWhat is grand opera distinct from light opera?" 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