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Atl the official business f the Vatican is transacts through this person.
The direction sf the struflflte against the French government by the Catholic
church has been in Mo charge.
ANTI-OPIUM CRUSADE.
GREAT DEMAND FOR CURE BY
CHINESE OF MALAY.
Piar.t Discovered Which Is a Specific
For Smoking Habit Free Dispen
saries Established Thou
sands --Cured.
Washington. The anti-opium move
ment in Malay, says a Pcnang corres
pondent, can only be described as
colossal. So rapidly lias it spread
and so iopular has It become that it
reminds one more of a Welsh revival
than a movement undertaken by the
itolid Chinese.
When the news of the movement
first came from 'China a few enthusl--tsts
took up the matter in Singapore
ad opened a free hospital for the
wire of tmokers. but very little prog
hss was made. A few weeks 'ago.
however, a well-to-do Chinaman in
Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Selan
sor. received from China specimens
if a plant which was said to be a
cure for the opium habit. A short
search revealed the fact that the plant
srew freely in Selangor in a wild
itate. and in a very short tiite a
quantity was obtained and active op
erations commenced..
The leaves of the plant, which ap
pears to be a shrub somewhat akin
(o gambier. are exposed to the sun for
day, then chopped fine and. roasted,
tfter which an infusion' is made and
the specific is ready for use. The
first man experimented apon was a
roolie employed by a European, and,
although he was a confirmed opium
smoker, he was pronounced cured in
t week.
Now an anti-opium society has been
'ormed In Kuala Lumpur, and the
specific is distributed free, while so
freat has become the demand for the
"opium plant" as the, Chinese call' it.
that those who gather the leaves in
the jungle demand $10 per picul
(1331-3 pounds), for them. The dis
pensaries established for the dlstribu
:ion of the specific are hard pushed
to keep up with the demand, the
applicants in Kuala Lumpur alone
numbering over 2.000 dally.
' The anti-oplumists say they have
Mired In the few short weeks since
the plant was discovered over 14.000
SAMPLES FOR MANUFACTURERS
Department of Commerce and Labor
Has Goods Sold in Foreign Markets.
Washington. American manufac
turers who are desirous of capturing
some of the trade in the orient. South
America and other countries now en
joyed by foreign manufacturers, says
a report of the bureau of manufac
tures of the department of commerce
and labor, should apply to that bureau
for its varied lines of samples of
goods that find a ready market is
those countries.
These samples have been gathered
primarily for American manufacturers
and consist of cotton yarns, piece
goods, belts, braids, handkerchiefs.!
gloves, laces, towels, etc.. which are
manufactured in foreign countries and
sold in China, Japan. India. Australia.
Turkey. Egypt. South Africa and
South America.
Wooden Shoe
St. Louis Court Decides a Case of Sur-
St. Louis. The ancient and honor
able wooden shoe received aa unex
pected blow in the decision of n St.
Louis' magistrate that n German resi
dent of this city must cease wearing
shoes made of timber because a dwell
er In the same fiat could not sleep, on
account of the noise. The law. in the
case seems somewhat strained, what
ever the equity and the ethics may be.
Wooden shoes are not illegal and at
one time in the history of St. Louis
thev beat a tattoo on the city's pave
ments as their owners hastened to
their daily toil in the dim morning
hours, it was not the roar of the street
cars that waked the mter slmnberers
in those days, but n clatter equally in
sistent and penetrating.
The wooden shoe has a history.
Modern civilization took As first steps
in thorn. They encouraged and stood
far honesty of purpose. Nothing mech
eoola be done on the sly in the dac
peop-e iu the Kuala I.umpur district
alone, and the statement appears" to be
corroborated by the fact, which is
Touched for by a partner in the opium
farm, who is naturally deeply inter
ested in the matter, that the receipts
of the opium shops in and around
Kuala Lumpur, have fallen off by two
thirds, while several shops hare had
to close for lack of custom.
The federated Malay states will not
be very much affected, even If the
opium habit be entirely stamped out.
for they do not depend upon opium to
any great extent for their revenue:
but in the Straits Settlements matters
will be very different, for the opium
farm is the principal source of reve
nue, and although the farmers have
not yet been affected like the opium
dealers in Selangor. they are distinct
ly apprehensive as to the effect the
spread of the anti-opium movement
and the introduction of the specific in
the colony will have upon their sales.
A month will show whether they
really have anything to fear, for the
movement may die out as rapidly as it
has sprung up. or it may result in the
ruin of the opium farmers and the
consequent embarrassment of the colo
nial government.
Hot Water Lake Found.
Pierre. S. D Another artesian well
has been'secureA.on the line between
here and the Msck Hills. snowies
that the artesian basin underlies prac
tically the whole western half of the
state, as well as the eastern half. The
water iu this well, like that at Capa,
is very warm, having a temperature
of over 120, and it is accompanied by
a strong now of gas. This Indicates
that a hot water well could be secured
at Midland, where no borings have
yet been made.
Township Hao Only Ten. Residents.
Lebanon. Fa. Cold.Spriag township,
the largest in area. In Lebanon county,
has had but one birth in the last four
years, a child having been born to Mr.
and Mrs. George Boltz. The popula
tion of the township now numbers ten.
five of the residents being voters. The
township also boasts of the oldest resi
dent in the county, Mrs. Phreany Ray,
who will celebrate her one hundredth
anniversary next month.
Any or all of these samples, the re
port states, will be sent upon applica
tion to manufacturers, chambers of
commerce and other commercial or
ganizations located in cotton manufac
turing centers.
The bureau also has samples of
clogs of various sizes manufactured
and worn in the north of England.
Also a number of heel irons, sole
blocks, soles and nails of different
sizes and varieties used in the manu
facture of clogs.
From Edinburgh, Scotland, there
are a large number of samples of wait
paper. From China there are toilet
soaps made in Austria, France. Ger
many and Holland and leather gloves
made in Germany, calabash pipe made
in Cape Town. South Africa, and a
calabash which it is believed may be
profitably grown in the United States.
on Outlaw.
of wooden shoes. Everything was
aboveboard. The eavesdropper and
the midnight highwayman were prac
tically unknown. There could be no
secret gatherings to plot and conspire.
Where two men were gathered to
gether or attempted to gather every
body in the block knew it. Did they
ascend or descend the stairs or rise
from their chairs to appropriate an
other pinch of snuff, the entire house
hold and the neighbors were conscious
of the fact.
Wooden shoes secured that publicity
so needful to the leading of blameless
lives that we now depend upon the
I newspapers for. The outspoken wood
en shoe thwarted those intrigues that
break np families and made impossible
expeditions that break up henroosts.
It belonged with old-fashioned honesty
and virtue, now much less marked in
these gumshoe days. It is gone, never
to return, but where It stm survives
here and there as a relic of the past it
deserves the respect even of the
Jlotracy.
TRADE AT HOME
Why Farmer ShomU Give
Him Support to the
Local Merchant J
PRESERVES US OWN MARKET
Depreciation of ( Village Property
. Must Inevitably' Moan . Deprecia
tion of Agricultural -Property
-and Encouragement' of
Monopoly.
(Copyright. M06. by Alfred C. Clark.)
The most serious problem tnat con
fronts the rural 'towns and villages
or this country is the competition of
fered local enterprises by -the cata
logue houses of the large cities. It is
a problem for which a solution must
be found if the prosperity and sta
bility of the nation is to stand.
And the solution of this great profc
lem lies in the han'": of the people of
the towns'and villages and the farms,
especially the farms.
The people of the rural communities
have everything to lose and nothing
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. Give, your. town a chance by, patronising your local merchants and you
may confidently . wpict its grim w. buninons and population and a raise in
rani estate valwpUsn. Send your money to the catalogue houses and you may
look for the reverse. The picture "tells :the story of the possibilities.
to gain by sending their money to
the 'catalogue houses, by passing by
their local merchants and sending
their dollars to the concerns who have
absolutely no interest in their com
munities. These catalogue houses do net pay
taxes in your town: the local mer
!
chant does. They do not build side
walks in your town; the local1' mer-:
chant v does. They.-do ,. not contribute
to 'the building of roads over which
the crops of the farms are hauled to"
market; the local merchant ' does.
They do not help to build school
houses for your children; the local
merchant does. They do not assist in
the j support of your churches; the
local merchant does.
But there are some things the cata
logue houses do for you and the
first and greatest of these is to assist
at Mtallir :fm 1MlrMlUfa 1nnF ilWI
munity. The dollars they take away
never come back to you. They will
never help to make a city of your vil
lage. They will never increase the
value of your real-estate holdings by
mang local improvements.
Let us look at the subject from the
standpoint of the farmer, for it Is the
farmer who Is the greatest patron of
the catalogue houses.
The town or village one, two or
three miles from his home is his mar
ket for the butter and eggs, .and other
produce of his farm. .The half dozen
or more merchants of the town, each
anxious to obtain his full share of the
business of the community, .maintain
a competition that, affords to the
fanner at all times top prices for the
products of bis farm. It Is these half
dozen 'merchants that make farm
profits possible; the profits are in" no
way due to the catalogue houses of
the cities. . i
But the farmer persists in sending
his dollars to the. city. He wants a
buggy, or a set of harness, or a pair
of stockings, or any of the necessities
or luxuries of life, and to get them he
takes out his mail order catalogue and
looks at the finely printed cuts, reads
the well written description, and, pass
ing the local merchant by, the mer
chant who has purchased his produce
at the best market prices, the mer
chant .who has helped to build, the
community, he .sends his dollars to
the catalogue, house in thecity and
takes what they choose to send him.
What is the result?
One after another the doors of the
local stores are closed, and where at.
one time there were half a dozen mer
chants, each bidding for his share of
patronage by offering fair prices for
that which the farmer had to sell,
there Is now but one merchant who
has a monopoly, not enly of the sell
ing, but of the buying as well, and he
pays what he pleases for the fanner's
nrodace.
The farmer can continue to send bis
money to the catalogue house in the
city for his supplies, but he cannot
send his produce to the same place.
In disposing of that he is absolutely
dependent upon his local merchant,
and by bis patronage of the catalogue
houses he has hilled competition, and
must now take whatever is offered for
what he has to seiL
Mr. Farmer, are you helping to kill
the goose that is laying your golden
egg?
Are you sending your dollars to the
catalogue houses and by so 'doing kill
ing the local industries of your town?
Are yon putting your merchants out
of business, and creating a monopoly
that win pay you what it pJsases for
the products of your farm?
If you are doing-theee things It SS.
time for ya-b ntoji antfjeonsjder ther
future. . Ton will hivS look but-
little way ahead to see the:resnlL and
it will not. be,.a attractive picture-that-
greets yon. The , prosperous v-com-munity
of, which you are now a port
will fade like the summer flowers be
fore the winter winds, and almost aa
quickly.
It Is the fact that there is a market
within close proximity,, to your.; farm
that makes your acres valuable.' The
men wbmaintain this local market
for youT are the' men who cause the
railroad, trains to stop at your town.
Take them away and soon the town
will be wiped off the. map. .The
Churches will close for lack of support.
The. schools will -cease to be a pride,
and your sons and daughters will lack
the opportunity that is theirs by right
of birth, and your acres", that are now
valuable because they lie in close
proximity to a market) will show a
depreciation that will astonish you.
Your interests are identical with
those of the merchants of your town.
By sending your dollars to the city
you may cause the merchants to close
their establishments, but when they
are forced-to this they, can. pack their
stock of goods and go elsewhere, but
you cannot rack up' your farm and
move it; your acres must lie in the
IXiJ ' in 4.
bed you have builded for them whether
it be fair or foul, and it is "np to yon,"
Mr. Farmer, to spend your money at
home, and in this way you can solve
the greatest problem, that now con-
fmnta thta mnitn' v- -
.' (Will you do it?
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J YANKEE IN DIAMOND FIELDS.
Commissions to Study ' a Country
Which Produces Such Men.
M r. Alfred Mooely ls'an Englishman
who admires American: ways so much
that he sends commissions here to
study us. -
Mr. Mosely does .not admire us
without a reason. It is not a very1
specific reason. Its name is Mr. Gard
ner F. Williams, and, it is By way of
being aa American mining engineer.
Mr. Williams directs the diamond out
put-of tbe-world.
Mr. Mosely .made: his fortune In
South Africa. 'He watched Cecil
Rhodes' dream of. empire develop and
knew the men who made it real. The
onewho took his imagination was
Gardner Williams.
Here was a man who had left
Michigan at the age of 15 to go with
a pioneering father to California in
the flush days of the early mining
camps, had had a taste of California
mining, had gone when still a young
man to explore in South Africa and
had become a general 'manager of the
great monopoly of the diamond
mines.
A fighter of financial battles and a
manager of men. a writer, a scientist
and one of the world's greatest'' en
gineers, he so stamped his personali
ty on the people among whom he
lived, that he was feted and cheered
by all South Africa when he retired
last spring and came back to the
United States to build a home for his
leisure years in the land of his birth.
Worlds Work.
Reed's Unruly Tenant.
There used to live in Portland Joseph
Reed, an uncle of the late Speaks
Reed. He was a very large man, and
was never known to lose his temper
He had an office on Exchange-street,
up one flight of stairs.
One day he sent one of his tenants,
who was behind in his rent, a five
days' notice to move, which made his
tenant very mad. He called on Mr.
Reed boiling over with rage, using
some very profane language.
Mr. Reed was sitting and writing at
a desk. He replied in his quiet, easy
voice: "Mr. Stevens, you are mad,
and you must not come up here when
you are mad."
Mr. Stevens kept nght on, only
worse, if anything, when Mr. Reed
started to get up. saying in the same
easy tone of voice: "Mr. Stevens, you
must go right down stairs, or I will
have to cuff you."
Mr. Stevens went quietly down
stairs.
. In After Years.
Father Time had been swinging his
scythe for 20 years when they acci
dentally met again. He was a bache
lor of 45, bald and slightly disfigured,
but still in the ring. She a spinster,
fat and 40, but not as fair as she used
to be.
"Do you remember,"' she gurgled,
"how you proposed to me the last
time we met and I refused you?"
"Well, I guess yes." he replied. "It
is by long odds the happiest recollec
tion of my life."
And seeing it was a hopeless case
she meandered along on her lonely
way.
LAMS STEW WITH DUMPLIrlOS.
Economical, Simple and Delicious Dish"
FoF Dinner.
v. f J
: Stewing 'to. " without! question, the
most economical -and simplest mode
of cooking. meats, aays the Woman's
Hmi -Tjunnaatna . Woat whtoh is
not capable of being: satisfactorily pre
pared -by 'other processes of -cooking
ismost acceptable, when- dealt -.with
In this way. Stewtfare very common
rmg 'nhe so-called- working classes
Europe, and oftentimes .different
kinds of , meat Wter Into their, com
position. Let us make .burs of but
one kind, namely. Lamb.
Buy three pounds of lamb cut from
the forequarters., Wipe meat with a
piece of cheese cloth wrung out of
cold water, remove supernnous iat
and the meat in one-and-one-half-inch'
cubes. Put in a graniteware kettle,
cover with tolling water, bring gradu-t
ally to the boiling point and let sim
mer (that means, you know, to let
boil very, very slowly) until meat is
tender, the time required being about
two hours. After the first hour of
the cooking add one small onion, from
which the skin has been removed,
then thinly sliced, and half a cupful
each of carrot and turnip cut in half
inch cubes. Remember that' the best
flavor and the brightest color of a car
rot lies very near the skin; therefore,
carrots should be washed and scraped
for the cooking, never pared. On the
other hand, turnips should be pared
nfter. washing. , To obtain the cubes of
vwhlcbl write, cut the vegetables in
half-inch slices, then cut the slices
in cubes. Wash and pare potatoes,
and cut in one-fourth-inch slices; there
should be three and one-half cupfuls.
Cook five minutes in boiling salted
water to cover drain and add to stew
15 minutes before serving time, to fin
ish the cooking. Melt three - table
spoonfuls of butter, add four-taWe-spoonfuls
or flour, and stir until well'
blended; then pour on gradually,
while stirring constantly, one cupful
of the hot liquid in the stew. As
soon as the boiling point is reached
pour clowly into the stew. Season
with salt and pepper, turn on a hot
platter and surround with dump
ings. Dumplings, when properly made, are
light and delicious-and-perfectly easy
of digestion: if Improperly made just
the reverse is-true. Failures some
times occur from not cooking the mix
ture as soon as it is mixed, and again,
from cooking the mixture over water
that falls below the boiling point.
Braising.
This is a particularly good way to
treat dry meats like veal, lean beef
from the under part of the round or
the face of the rump, the shoulder
of mutton, heart, liver, tough fowls,
pigeons, or other dry game. The
method of braising Is like the old
time pot roast, only the braising is far
easier In that the water In which it is
cooked does not need replenishing,
and there Is much less danger of the
kettle burning dry. In each case the
meat is rolled la 'flour, seasoned with
salt, pepper and Just a dusting of
sugar to assist in the quick browning
Then it Is browsed in the bottom of
a kettle or frying pan. using some of
its own fat. drippings or butter, as
preferred. After this browning pro
cess it is put into a stew pan 01
braising kettle, covered with well
flavored soup stock, gravy, or even
hot water, with herbs and seasonings,
then covered tightly and left to sim
mer gently for several hours.
Six Good Things to Remember.
If you heat your knife you can cut
hot bread easily.
- A teaspoonful of turpentine added
to a pail, of -warm water is excellent
for all cleaning purposes. Also put
a Utile in suds on wash day.
Straw matting should never be
washed in anything but warm water
and salt.
Angel cake can be cut easily If
knife is wet in cold water.
' To polish floors rub them once a
week In beeswax and turpentine.
To test eggs, drop eggs in dish of
cold water; if they sink they are
fresh.
Apple Cups.
Sift together one pint of flour, one
half teaspoon of salt, two tablespoons
of sugar, one-half teaspoon soda, one
teaspoon cream tartar. Beat one egg.
add four tablespoons of sweet milk,
and stir into the dry mixture, adding
more milk as necessary to make a
thick batter. Add two tablespoons of
butter (melted) and beat hard. But
ter some baking cups and put in each
a spoonful of the batter. Add one
half apple cup in quarters, add more
batter to cover and two-thirds fill the
cup. Steam or bake 30 minutes and
serve with milk or a sauce.
Deep Apple Pie With Cream Cheese.
Bake a nice deep pie about half an
hour before dinner. Have a small
cream cheese pressed through a ricer,
mixed with a cup of whipped cream
and a little salt Press through a
pastry tube or paper funnel on top of
the pie In a pattern and ' serve as
dessert while still warm. This makes
a fine and always appreciated com
pany dessert for cold weather. The
cheese and cream combination may
also be used on the ordinary two
crust 'apple pie.
New Idea for Quilts.
The shops are showing wool wad
ding for quilts. It comes in sheets
two yards wide and two yards and a
quarter long, and costs about two dol
lars a yard. The most sanitary way
to make these quilts is to cover them
with cheese cloth, tacking with soft
cotton. They are very pretty when
dainty shades of cheese cloth are csed.
The. ventilation with these quIKs Is
as good as with woolen blankets.
Parsnip Cakes.
For this purpose they must be
boiled until tender, pressed through
a colander,- and to each four good
sized parsnips a well beaten egg and
one tablespoonful of flour should be
added; mix. form Into small round
cakes and saute in a little beef drip
ping.
Soiled Clothes. '
No receptacle for soiled clothing
should under 'any circumstances be
kept In a bedroom
mizs
wz
Mum-
Hen music is egg-cellent.
.What has happened to the Belgian
hare craze?
Borrowing trouble. like borrowing
tools, is a bad practice.
The dairyman who says that dairy
ing doesn't pay is ten to one boarding
several cows of that kind in his herd.
Experiments have proved that it
does not pay to keep a hen after her
second molt.
The selection of the ram is the most
important thing in connection with
sheep raising.
f
Alfalfa fever may be called ' a
healthy disease. Have you become
Inoculated, yet? .
Bushel crates are handy. Have
plenty of them to store the vegetables
in when putting in pie cellar, and it
will save handling them twice.
(The breeding yards for the turkeys
should be gotten ready and' the birds
occasionally yarded so that they will
get used to their layiag quarters.
The false profit which the farmer
needs to look out for is the penny
overcharge which may cause him to
lose a dollar customer.
There is no good reason why there
should not' be a bathroom and running
water in every farmhouse. Believe
it? Then why have you not supplied
the convenience for your own house?
A good use to make of potatoes, tur
nips, apples, pumpkins, etc.. that are
small aad unmarketable is to cook
and feed to the cows, poultry, hogs "or
fattening beef cattle.
Fifty-two pounds of butter In 21 days
is the record claimed for the cow be
longing to a Mrs. J. B. Wright, of Ham
ilton township. Sullivan county, Illi
nois. Certainly the cow is all (W) right,
too.
Experience by practical dairymen
has demonstrated that the closed shed
or covered-barnyard for the.cows war
ing the day and using the stables only
at. milking time gives cleaner cows,
more sanitary milking stables and
hence cleaner milk.
Where running water is not abun
dant on the farm It should be secured
by other means. Water may be pump
ed by windmill, gasoline engine, hy
draulic ram, or some other power, to
a suitable reservoir, where it wfil
supply all needs by gravity.
Carrots may be fed to chickens in
the raw state In such a way as to
give them plenty of exercise in bat
ing them. Fasten them upon n string
from the ceiling aad then slit the car
rot up into strips well up to the large
end. This will give the hens n chance,
to catch hold and -snip out bits,
t
An eastern orchardist writes that
a year ago last fall he .wrapped the
trees of hisorchard which had been
badly injured by mice the year before
with tar paper, aad that not a tree
was touched, and the paper seemed
as good as ever for tree protection
this winter.
The agricultural department has
found a new type of red clover-in Ra
sia, which in a test with the native
clovers of the United States gave a
;better yield than any of them, was
more upright, branched more freely,
and was free from the hairs which
characterise most of our strains.
Poultry raising is especially adapt
ed to women, and the women of the
farm have It in their power to make
as great a success of poultry raising
as their husbands make of raising
horses, cattle, sheep or hogs. Clean
liness and faithfulness. are two es
sentials in successful poultry raising;
and here is where women excel.
A farmer was overheard the other
day to remark that he had a seed
drill that he had used for 30 years,
aad that it would not have lasted ten
years if he had not kept it In the
shed. That is, the careless farmer
would have had to bear the expense
of two more machines. It Is not hard
to figure how the careful farmer
makes farming pay.
Farming Is authority for the state
ment that a taint of tuberculosis con
tained in a herd of thoroughbred swine
in Missouri has been thoroughly-eradicated
by crossing them with the Ger
man wild boar. Efforts are now being
made to breed back this cross as the
meat producing qualities of the Ameri
can hogs were impaired, in breeding
the new type.
One of the 'vexatious things about
farm machinery is the tendency of
the bolts to work loose and get lost.
This can be prevented by occasionally
examining the nuts and tightening
them if they need It. The winter time
gives, good opportunity for 'overhaul
ing all the fane machinery and be
ing sure' that rt Is in good condition
for next season's work; ' Don't pat it
off. Spring work will be upon yon
almost before you realize it.
It's a happy, contented hen which
is kept busy. Feed small grain in
the morning in the litter so that the
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hens win be kef busy until time to'
feed the mash. Then abet
before roasting time in the
give a feeding of cracked corn
for
the
them to go to bed on. Be ear
hens have fresh water, grits,
coal, and keep the hen bowse
from droppings and yen will
healthy chickens, and will get
char
free have
in the winter time.
Even in North Dakota they are
raising alfalfa. Seed sown en the ex
periment station farm In lsdl and
1302 passed through the winters in
good condition, and is stll making vig
orous 'growths. On 'June 27 of this
year the first crop ef-Turkestan al
falfa was 36 Inches high, and yielded
2.S? tons per acre. The second growth,
which was as heavy as the first, was
aljowed to ripen seedL Grimm .al
falfa, as compared with Turkestan,
had finer stems and produced mora
branches and leaves.
A bushel measure (circular) Is 18&
inches in diameter and eight inches
deep, and contains 2.150.4 cubic inches.
In building the square wooden crate
they should contain 2.S00 cubic inches,
so that the bushel content will not.
extend above the top edge of the:
crate, and the crates can be thus,
stacked one on top of the other. The
dimensions of such a crate are 12xl4x
17 inches. The materials used in
building are Inch square posts. 12
inches long, for the comers; slots 17
inches long by two aad one half inches'
wide by. three-eighths inches thick for
sides aad bottom, and end slats of the
same dimensions and 14 Inches
An experiment in corn growing cov
ering a period of 12 years made by,
the Rhode Ishtad experiment station
has demonstrated that where clover
Is used as a cover crop during the win
ter the yield of corn greatly en
hanced. In the test an acre of land
was divided into four parts. All
four were planted 'to corn each year,
but section 1 was given n cover crop
of, clover for the fall and winter, the
seed being sown at the last cultiva
tion. Sections 2 and 4 were kept fal
low during the fall and winter. Sec
tion 3 was given rye an a cover crop.
It .will be understood that the cover
crop made what growth they could
during each fall aad early spring, but
were turned under when the land
was prepared for planting.
'.'Hogging corn" Is a new method of
feeding whioh has been tested by the
Minnesota Agricultural college, and in
a forthcoming bulletin the system will
be'explained and the result of the two
years' experiments set forth. "Hog
ging corn" simply means that pigs are
turned into a field of corn where they
are allowed to eat the com from the
stalks. In this way the cost of labor
la harvesting and husking the corn is
saved as well as the storage. Of
course where such a system is fol
lowed a hog-proof fence must be built,
but according to the experiments at
the college the cost of erectmaj was
offset by the saving in labor. 'In addi
tion to the saving In labor it Is
claimed that the ground- is fertilized
and stirred np by the rooting of the
hogs which puts K hi better condition
for the next year's crops. It Is also
claimed, that the hags having free
range fatten quicker. Pigs weighing
about 125 pounds turned Into the fields
showed a gain of about 75 pounds each
at the end of eight weeks.
The new era la farming; is forcing
Itself more, and mere upon the atten
tion of the general pnbHe outnHe the
farming: commnaltJeo. Hardly a mag
azine or paper can be picked np with
out some article, comment or editorial,
being found which bears upon the sub
ject. A late number of the Review of
Reviews contains an article by Richard
H. .Edmonds upon the strides which
agriculture fa making in which he
says: "We have reached a time of im
proved methods in farming aad of
restoration) of fertility to the soil.
Much is heard about the increase in
the fertiliser trade of the country
and the development of this Industry
has been commensurate with that or
other large business Interests, but the
real improvement of farming Is found
more largely In better methods of
handling the soil than in the wider nee
of commercial manures. Scientists
are teaching farmers here and there,
and from them others are learning,
how to rejuvenate and rebuild their
land by the use of alfalfa, cowpeas.
vetch and other crops. They are learn
ing how to diversify their products.
Increasing wealth and the gala in pop
ulation are creating an almost unlim
ited market for the diversified crops.
The orchard, the truck garden, the
dairy, are all yielding their fair share
of wealth and helping materially to
swell these great totals of agricultural
output and increase in farm values."
A movement has been started
among many lending dairymen to
raise the rank of the dairy division of
the bureau of animal industry of the
government agricultural department
to that of a bureau. The following
are among the reasons which are ad
vanced for the change: First. The
present arrangement is illogical. The
technical questions relating to mar
ket milk, butter and cheese have no
possible affinity with inspecting meats
at the stock yards, exterminating hog
cholera, aad the other natural divi
sions of the work of bureau of ani
mal industry. Seotwd. The present
arrrangement is cot In keeping with
the magnitude cf the dairy interests
of the nation and their importance,
aad it has a tendency to belittle and
cheapen 2airying, relatively. On the
other hand, the dignity of dairying
would be enhanced by patting its of
ficial status on a par with that of the
other great agricultural specialties,
instead of being outclassed by the
necessary subdivisions of the work of
steer and pig inspection. Third. The
efficiency of the work would be in
creased if the officer in charge of the
national dairy work were at the head
of'an independent bureau responsible
only to the secretary of agriculture,
rather than being one of half a donee
division chiefs subordinate to a vet
erinary bureau chief Intensely busy
with work relating to the beef and
pork exports of the nation, and the
general health of all Undo of domestic
animals aad having no particular in
terest In distinctive dairy problems.
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