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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (July 4, 1906)
r Jb&KSStiUP r r k r, ! Si i -j-s:. By COLUMBUS JOURNAL Ce. COUJMBU3. NEBRASKA. Pica for Wild Flowers., . : TVs is' the season of the year whea 'dwellers in cities and towns may I seen returning after holiday excur sloaa, loaded down with flowers. leaves and branches of trees, torn off from their stems by people who wish .to carry away with them the beauti ful things that nature so lavishly spreads abroad in the spring. To ad mire and to desire to possess these beautiful things Is natural, yet to tear them down and carry them away shows a deplorable lack of thought. The least informed person, if willing to pause and think for a moment, says Forest and Stream, knows very well that a few hours after the twig has been partes from its branch or the flower from its stem, twig and flower alike must lose all resemblance to the beautiful growing thing, that inspired the wish for possession, and is no longer worth having. Thus, for the gratification of a passing impulse, one has destroyed a beautiful object that but for this hasty, act might have given pleasure to other people for days or weeks. It is not uncommon to see people coming from the coun try laden with branches of dogwood for example, four feet long; lilacs are torn down and defaced, and bunches of more ephemeral flowers like vio lets, buttercups and others are wilt ing in every hand. If people would recognize how fleeting is the gratifi cation derived from this destruction of the flowers, and how selfish it is, they probably would not be guilty of it. A well-regulated person does not even if the opportunity occurs de stroy shrubbery In the public parks for the purpose of carrying away with him the flowers or branches. In towns and cities such an act is com monly regarded as an offense, and anyone found guilty of it is likely to be punished, by a fine or otherwise. Yet, te principle is the same, wheth er the destruction is wrought in town or in country; but in the country the owner does not attempt to protect his shrubbery or his wild flowers, unless they are close to his house. Preserving "Scenery." Not long ago a man of national im portance characterized an attempt to beautify the city of Washington as ''spending money for scenery." The phrase may be taken as a sneer, as it was intended to be taken, or with ap proval, as expressing a truth and a wise policy. Spending money for scenery, remarks Youth's Companion, is one of the most hopeful signs of a reawakening to natural possibilities. It Is not confined to any one region. San Francisco is already talking about the Burnham plans for beautifying the city, which have long been in abey ance. The rebuilding of the Gateway of the west now affords an opportunity to put them in practice. Niagara falls, the White mountains, the Appalachi ans and the Palisades are eastern scenery, but they are also national possessions, and it is with a sort of wonder that commercial interests have discovered how strong the feeling is against destroying them or encroach ing seriously upon them. The old state house in Boston and Independence hall in Philadelphia are more local ex amples of the same quality of public interest which lies In sentiment. They are "scenery" of a sort which appeals to a pride as stubborn as the power of money, and more creditable. The man who cares for his father's grave and preserves the old family home is "paying money for scenery," too, but more persons understand that kind of sentiment The other kind the larger, more communal and fraternal kind is just as surely coming into its own. An abundance of work and a fam ine of workmen represent a condition that is constantly growing more com mon in America. The greatest trouble is the dearth of farm hands, as shown .by the report of the state's free public employment office in this city. Men absolutely refuse to leave the cities for the fields. But the problem is not confined to the country. In the cities there is work a-plenty and a dearth f workmen. Apparently with each succeeding year common labor grows iless attractive. Yet there is not a notable increase in the number of vagrants and able-bodied paupers. The riddle probably has its solution in the fact that prosperity and thrift have depleted the ranks of common laborers, leading them to seek better .things in life. One divorce to every six marriages is Maine's record, and the ministers ol that state have lately promulgated a set of rules for the signature of clergy men snd have appointed an interde nominational committee to push the crusade against divorce. The rules pledge the signer not to marry parties who are strangers to him, to refuse tc remarry any divorced person within a year alter the granting of .the decree and to refuse to remarry any except the innocent party to a divorce, and then only under certain stipulations. Any American who owns a honk wagon and wants to honk around a bit in Canada is free to do so on certain conditions. He must duly report his machine to the customs officers, state its selling price, give a bond for double the regular duty and make a deposit of (25. If he honks around for a long er time than three months he outstays ills welcome; the dominion collects the duty and keeps the $25. If he puts for the United States before the end of three months he doesn't have to pay amy duty and he gets back his deposit Columbus Journal NATIONAL CONGRESS Bf PASSING IMIIW MEASURES XATE, HEAT XHSPECTIOV AMD PTTJUE FOOD BILLS HUBBIED THBOUOH THEOUGH BEFORE ADJOUBJIMEHT BESTTME OF WORK ACCOMPLISHED. Washington. Congress completed Friday the execution of its legislative programme and adjourned Saturday. On the eve of adjournment the dif ference between the house and senate on the .important bills pending were adjusted. As a result of the action taken the following measures were laid before the president for his approval: The railroad rate act. The agricultural appropriation bill, Including the meat inspection amend ment. The pure food act. The president signed the railroad rate bill at 11:45 Friday night. It goes into effect in CO days. Mew Epoch in Legislation. Had Fothing else been done this con- gress these measures would stand out as monuments to the present national administration. In emphatic manner they mark the beginning of a new epoch in federal legislation govern mental regulation on corporations and the invocation of the police power, so to speak, to stay the hand of private greed and protect the pocketbook and the health and general welfare of the masses. In the end the house has had its way mostly regarding the railroad rate bill. Oil pipe lines remain in the meas ure as common carriers, but the com modity provision of the bill has been fixed so as to make the prohibition of an alliance between transportation and production apply only to "railroad companies." The railroads cannot own coal mines or transport their own products, but Standard Oil and the in dependent oil companies can pipe their own product The senate yielded on this point because the house refused to give in by an overwhelming vote, and otherwise the whole bill would have died. Senator Tillman contented himself with a severe "roast" of the Standard Oil influence, and then as the one in charge of the measure voted to accept the conference report. The senate gained a part of its contention in a readjustment of the anti-pass feature of the bill which prohibits free trans portation to every one save certain excepted classes. Including railroad employes and their families, and the officials, attorneys, surgeons, etc, of the companies. House Victory in Meat Bill. The meat legislation was a complete victory for the house. The senate agreed to the conference report and the house formally ratified it. There were two points in controversy the payment for inspection service and the question of putting dates on the labels of cans and packages of meat prod ucts. The government will pay the cost of inspection, instead of the pack ers, ind labels will not require the date ot inspection or canning of the contents. In announcing the failure of the sen ate conferees to win on these disputed points. Senator Proctor said the bill accomplished a great deal, inasmuch as it provides for thorough inspection of ail meat products and the sanitary regulation or packing plants, and that the conferees felt, they could not lose everything by holding out for distinc tive features which the public would not accept He paid his compliments to the packers in strong terms and charged them with having engineered the scheme that created sentiment in favor of making the government pay the cort of inspection. Other senators entered their protest against the con troverted provisions of the measure, hut finally the conference report was adopted. In the house, acceptance of the re port was a pure formality. One im portant new feature of the measure as it passed both houses is an added appropriation of $900,000 to the $3, 000,000 for inspection provided in the house amendment. This was brought about by combining the amount orig inally appropriated to the bureau of animal industry for inspection under the old system with the new perma nent appropriation. Pure Food Bill Criticised. The conference report on the pure food bill was adopted by both houses without any change. In the opinion of Dr. Wiley and other officials of the agricultural department it is a good measure as far as it goes, but Mr. Mann, of Chicago, who had charge of the conference report says that it was not as good as had been hoped for. It is weak in that it does not provide a standard by which drugs, foods and drinks can be measured to determine whether they comply with the law. That important question is referred to the courts, which under the bill as it will become law must add to their LEADING FEATURES OF THE THREE BIG BILLS RAILROAD RATES. GENERAL. PROVISIONS The railroad rate bill requires all interstate carriers to make through routes and reasonable joint rates. It makes oil pipe line companies, express companies, and sleeping car com panies common carriers and subject to the law. Railways are forbidden from en gaffing in any other business than trans portation. Pipe lines are excluded from this prohibition. PRIVATE CARS-While permitting rail ways to use private freight cars, It re quires that all incidental charges arising from refrigerating and other services be Incorporated in the transportation charge. PUBLIC RATES It requires publica tion ot all rates, fares, or charges, and forbids changes save on 30 days7 notice. Jurisdiction is conferred upon the inter state commerce commission to hear com plaints of unjust and unreasonable rates, and to fix rates that are just and reason able. . REBATES Rebates and other discrim inatory practices are forbidden and sub ject to penalties. COURT REVIEW A limited review or orders or requirements of .the commis sion may be made by the courts, but no injunction, interlocutory order, or decree suspending or restraining the enforcement f an order of the commission shall be Canted except after not less than five ys settee. NO PASSES Free transportation Is limited to certain specified persons. The interstate commerce commission to ealargea to seven members, whose cora aeaestlea fa fixed at MM aaauaiiy. ENDS TASKS already great burden the consideration of cases raising the issue as to wheth er certain articles of food or drugs contain harmful ingredients, are mis branded or because of their labels vio late the pure food law. Canal Type Is Fixed. With the adjournment of congress It is possible to make a survey of the entire field of important legislation enacted during the session. The three most -prominent measures already have1 been referred to, and their gen eral provisions' are well known to the country. Next In point of interest perhaps comes the Panama canal act The house first declared In favor of the lock canal, by providing that no portion of the money appropriated in the sundry civil bill should be ex pended on a sea level project A ma jority of the senate committee report ed in favor of a sea level canal, v but after a vigorous debate the president's recommendation in favor of a lock type was approved by a vote of 36 to 31. A joint resolution was passed by congress requiring the purchase of supplies and materials for the canal in the American- market unless the presi dent shall determine that the bids of domestic producers are extortionate or unreasonable. Congress appropriated 342,500,000 for continuing work on the canal, 316,500,000 being deficiency appropria tions and 326,000,000 being for work during the fiscal year 1907. In addi tion to these appropriations steps are being taken to Issue the canal bonds authorized by the Spooner act, which may be issued "from time to time" to the extent of 9130,000,000. During the present session congress provided that these bonds should have the rights and privileges of other two per cent, bonds of the United States and the tax of one-fourth of one per cent, imposed upon bonds deposited to se cure national bank circulation was im posed upon the canal bonds when used for such security. It was also pro vided that the deficiency appropriation should be returned to the treasury from the proceeds of the sale of the canal bonds. Statehood Issue Settled. The admission of Oklahoma and In dian territory as a single state was accomplished by the act approved June 16. The act also admits Arizona and New Mexico into the union as a single state, provided that a majority in each of the territories shall vote for joint statehood, "and not other wise." This bill was the subject of bitter contention, as it had been in former sessions. It passed the house in the form of a bill admitting the four territories as two states. The senate amended the bill by eliminat ing all provisions relating to Arizona and New Mexico. In conference , the conditional admission of these ter ritories as a state was agreed upon, and after vigorous debate in both houses the conference report was agreed to. After several years of effort on the part of the state department congress at this session passed an act reorgan izing the consular service. The con suls general and consuls are grouped by classes, and provision is made for an inspection service consisting of five consuls general at large, with a sal ary of 35,000 each. No officer in the consular service receiving more than 91,000 Is permitted to engage in busi ness or practice law. All fees are to be turned into the treasury. Origin ally the bill prvlded that the higher offices should be filled by promotion only, but this provision was elimin ated and the promotion system has been established by the state depart ment without further enactment. Boon in Alcohol Bill. A most important piece of legisla tion is the removal of the tax upon denatured alcohol. It was strongly opposed "by manufacturers of kerosene and gasoline. In the debate it was alleged that, with the tax removed, alcohol could be manufactured and sold cheaper than either kerosene or gasoline and that it would enter into universal use for illuminating, motive power and otherwise. A national quarantine law. provid ing for uniformity of administration and giving the federal government power to establish quarantines in port cities and supersede the local and state authorities, has been passed. An employer's liability bill, to meet the demands of the trainmen of the United States, has been placed upon the statute books after years of effort. Greater Aid for Militia. Among the acts affecting the mili tary establishment were those in creasing the efficiency of the ordnance department of the army and increas ing the appropriation for the militia from 31,000,000 to 32.000,000 annually. Congress took a new tack in the naval aprpopriation bill. Instead of authorizing the construction of the biggest battleship afloat, as first pro BEEF. FIRST INSPECTION-Before any cat tle, sheep, swine, or goats are taken into any establishment for slaughtering and preparation for market they must be ex amined while alive for any signs of dis ease, and if such are found they are to be slaughtered separately and the car casses given a special examination. TAGS All carcasses are to be careful ly inspected and If sound, healthful, and fit for human food will be tagged, "in spected and passed." and if not. will be tagged "inspected and condemned." and in the latter case must be destroyed in the presence of the government inspector. SECOND INSPECTION After this first inspection another inspection of carcasses or parts of carcasses may be had to see if the meat has become unfit for human food since the first inspection. THIRD INSPECTION-An inspection must also be made of all meat food prod ucts, and this Inspection will follow the product into the can. pot. canvas, or other receptacle Into which the same is put un til the same is sealed. LABELS ON CANS Any meat or meat food products put Into can, pot canvas or other receptacle, must have a label at tached to it under the supervision of a government inspector, which shall state the contents. SANITARY REQUIREMENTS-AM es tablishments which prepare meat for in terstate or foreign commerce must be in spected by expert sanitary inspectors, aad kept In perfect sanitary condition ac cording to rules and regulations provided by tae aevernmeat. vided by the house, the Mil as finally passed authorizes the preparation of plans for such a vessel, to be submit ted to congress. The naval act of this year makes small provision otherwise for the increase of the navy. A bill was passed defining hazing and providing for the punishment of midshipmen guilty of the offense. General legislation during this ses sion included an act prohibiting in terstate commerce In spurious or falsely stamped articles made of gold or silver alloy, an act providing for the marking of the graves of confed erate soldiers aad sailors and an act providing for the disposition of the five civilized tribes of Indians. The principal legislation affecting the Philippines was an act postpon ing the operation of the coastwise laws until April 11, 1909; another re vising the Philippines tariff, and a third authorizing the purchase of coal claims by the secretary of war. An important measure to cattle in terests is that changing the 28-hour law so that cattle may be kept in cars 36 hours without unloading. Immigration Bill Fails. Among the important measures that have failed the immigration bill de mands first consideration. It failed because a conference committee was not appointed to settle the disagree ment between the two houses. After a spirited fight in the house, in which Speaker Cannon participated, the im migration bill, originally a senate measure, was passed, with a substitute for the "educational test," which re quired immigrants to possess the 'abil ity to read English or some other lan guage. The house substituted a sec tion providing for a commission to in vestigate the subject of immigration: The bill will command attention when congress reconvenes In the fall. The bill to prevent contributions by corporations to campaign funds was started in the house. It was forced through the senate by the indefatig able efforts of Senator Tillman. The house leaders refused to' let it come up there, although it is understood action will be permitted at the next sesssion. The Democrats charge that the Republicans want to lay it over until after the congressional elections, in order to get one more chance at the corporation, barrel. The Philippine tariff bill is still an other notable failure. It was one of the features of the original admlnia tion programme, was whipped through the house after a celebrated fight with the insurgents, and eventually landed in the seclusion of a senate committee-room. It has been allowed to be forgotten for the present. The immunity bill, designed to pre vent the recurrence of fiascos such as attended the prosecution of the Chi cago beef cases, passed the house and in amended form was reported favor ably from the senate committee on ju diciary. Ever since then efforts to get it up have failed owing to the Abjec tion of some senator or other. It has been a hard session for treat ies. The Santo Domingo convention, much desired by the administration, has Deen kept down by the hostile mi nority in the senate. No action has been taken either on the Isle of Pines or Algeciras treaties. Fate of Labor Bills. Bills, most of which were demanded by the leaders of organized labor, have met their fate as follows: 1. The anti-injunction bill dead in the judiciary committee. 2. The eight-hour bill, reported from the committee on labor, but not acted upon. 3. The election of senators in con gress by direct vote of the people dead m committee. 4. Ihe publicity of campaign ex penses bill, recently reported to the bouse, but not acted upon. 5. Tae letter carriers' bill dead in committee. 6. The bill to regulate the hours of railway trainmen dead in committee. 7. The bill for the relief of the Slo cum survivors dead "in committee. 8. The bill to prevent convict-made goods from competing with the goods manufactured by honest labor dead in committee. Outside the line of actual legislation, the present session will be historic through having authorized the investi gation that has led to the railroad-coal exposures. Another resolution adopted by the senate will cause an investiga tion or the alleged grain trust and railroad-elevator combine in the west, that promises to be equally if not more sensational. What Congress Has Spent The following is given as practically an accurate statement of the disburse ments authorized from the public treasury: Sundry civil ISS.000,000 District of Columbia 9,3m.000 Army 71.000.000 Naval 10S.ooo.ono Fortifications 5.000,000 Military academy 2.000.000 Pensions HO.OOO.OfiO Permanent 140.00ii.000 Agricultural 7.000.000 Public buildings 23.000.000 Indian 9nonnr,t Militia l.OOO.rtio Statehood S.OOO.OfXt t'rgent deficiency 15.000.000 General deficiency 11,500.000 Legislative, executive and judi cial 29.000.000 Post office I93.000.ono Miscellaneous 10.C00.000 Total JS73.000.000 PURE FOOD. GENERAL PROVISIONS The pure food law prohibits the manufacture, sale, delivery for shipment, or introduction into any state or territory or the District of Columbia, of adulterated, misbranded. poisonous, or deleterious food, druijs. medicines, or liquors and imposes a penal ty for any violation of the law. It pro vides for making rules and regulations for executing the provisions of the act. re quiring an examination of specimens of foods and drucs and if the law be vio lated the offender will be proceeded against without delay in the courts. ADULTERATIONS If drugs differ from standards in strength, quality, or purity, which are fixed in the National Formulary, they will be held to be adult erated. Confectionery will be declared adulterated If it contain any ingredient or coloring matter deleterious or detrimental to health. PRESERVATIVES Preservatives may be applied externally when directions for their removal are printed on the package. LABELS Drugs or foods will be deemed misbranded if falsely described by their labels. Drugs in packages must bear a statement on the labels of the quantity or proportion of alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or heroin alpha or beta cocaine, chloroform, canabis Indies, chloral hy dnJte, or any derivative thereof. The word "compound." "Imitation." or "blend" must appear on mixed liquors, and only harmless coloring or flavoring ingredients can be used. False labeling of foods or drugs Imported Into the United States will prevent their admission. RttfiOMIAlPtffiKN f Jr ZL" "LE J 7 Hhw" sisflaBl ISafltll MONET IN THE GARDEN. The family garden usually pays a reater profit on the labor bestowed in it than any other portion of the !arm, even when managed by the old fashioned method of small plats and eds and hand cultivation. This be ng the case, it surely can be made to lay a much greater ratio of profit by planning to plant every thing pont ile in long rows far enougu apart o as to work them with a horse and rultivator, thus greatly relieving vour own muscles. And the saving in :ost of cultivations is only a small part of the benefit of the long row irrangement. It will naturally lead (o a much more frequent and thorough Motivation of our garden crops. Many farmers are prone to neglect the garden on account of their field crops, and as under their management, the Manual labor in the former is much greater, they are more inclined to give heir time and attention to the lat ter which might not be the case were .t so arranged that the labor was no greater. The important advantage of x frequent stirring of the surface soil -among all our 'growing crops, we are convinced it is too often greatly un derestimated. It is said that it pays !o hoe the cabbage every morning dur ing the early part of the season, and although this may be carrying It to !he extreme, we are convinced that a bore frequent cultivation than is Dflinarilv irlvpn mlpht nrnvft nrnfitn- Me. The freauent breakinc of the srust admits of a freer circulation of the air to the roots, and aids them to make the most of all the dews and rains which fall. The manufacture and assimilation of plant food gets on more rapidly and to a certain extent, cultivation is found to be a substitute Tor manure. Next to actual arrigation, frequent and continual surface culti vation aids in securing and retaining moisture and supplying it the grow ing plants. More moisture Is lost by evaporation through hard, compact tail, than is used by the whole crop. Another benefit derived from the long row system is the almost certain en largement of the fruit and vegetable garden. SUMMER SHADE FOR POULTRY. When poultry are confined during the summer to yards of varying di mensions, there must be a certain amount of shade provided In order to keep them in the best condition. The shade of a building for a portion of the day is all right, although the shade of bushes or trees is more de sirable. If the poultry yard is located where it is not possible to obtain shade in the manner indicated, it is a good plan to either train vines over a portion of the poultry fence on the ninny side.- In a few. weeks Jhis .'will be high enough to provide consider able shade and as it grows, of course, will furnish more shade. If it is possible to locate the poul try yard where there are bushes or irees of no particular value It will be good plan to arrange it In this way, so that the fowls may have the bene fit not only of the shade, but of dust ing in the soil under the trees or plants. If a fair amount of shade Is provid ed during the summer with an abund ance of fresh, cool water during the day, and the fowls allowed to run for an hour or two just before roosting time, most of the breeds will bear confinement very welL It will be a little hard on the smaller and more active fowls like the Leghorns, but the Wyandottes and Plymouth Rocks will stand the confinement and keep in good condition. GARDEN NOTES. It is a question with gardeners whether it pays to stake tomatoes or let them grow their natural way upon the ground. I have tried near ly all ways, and unless I am growing only a few plants for home use, I pre fer simply to trim the vines of some of the leaves and let them alone, but if one wishes to grow some fancy fruit it is best to trellis or stage. My method of staking is simple, easy and not expensive. I set a post at each end of every row of plants, and then stretch a No. 12. I then trim off all the lower leaves of the plants and tie it to the lath. I cut the back ends of the vines and arrange them so that the fruit will be exposed to the light as much 98 possible. By this method I have been able to secure ripe, choice fruit ten days earlier than on those which were allowed their "own sweet will." The raspberry, blackberry and dew berry will need careful thinning out nd short pruning of the bearing :anes. and then, after the fruit is well set, take off one-half or two-thirds of the berries, and keep down the young iprouts and canes so that the strength will go to the berries. Fertilize with four pounds muriate of potash and two pounds of nitrate of soda per tquare rod. For next year's fruiting, grow the "anes for this especial purpose, re taining about one-fourth as many :anes as usual and then treat the tame as above; picking, handling, trapping and packing the same as .'or the strawberry. Fine clusters and branches where they can be retained ihould be shipped as clusters after wrapping. Twisting; the canes often causes them to produce large fruit, and water Is often nsed with one pound muriate of potash and one-half ni trate of soda to 20 gallons of water k help Increase the size, especially If !he weather is dry. Mulching Is ner issary and watering can be done isiely. A writer says do not change breeds rrery time you hear of a new one. mere is no perfect breed, for they ill have good points and bad points tf you look close enough. When you let a breed that most suits you, arced It until It comes up to your ideal. SPROUTS. In setting arbor vitae for a hedge, let them be small, and set them about two or three feet apart. Keep them well headed and trimmed low until the bottom is well filled, or they will never look well afterward. If kept free from grass nd occasionally ma nured there is no reason why they should not last lifetime. If you can get your strawberry plants now. taking them up from the old beds with a ball of earth, you can have a good crop next June, for they will make almost as good a start as pot-grown ones. Of course. after they are started much depends upon the care and nourishment you give them. To prevent the evils of excessive pruning, commence when the trees are young to rub off superflous buds and to cut off the small twigs. Con stant keep the form and growth un der control. There will then be no check to either vigor or fruitfulness. In setting grape vines, dig large holes and cover the bottom with old bones, cast-off boots and shoes and leaf mold. These make a store of plant food for the vine to draw upon for a long time. If the rot is among the tomatoes, pick every one that shows signs of the disease and throw them away. This often arrests the course of the disease. So long as the weather is dry, leave potatoes in the ground, but dig them as soon as rains come, to prevent second growth. Mulch the young orchard with straw after having the soil in good condi tion. This will protect the roots dur ing the winter. ' If fruit is given special care from the planting to the gathering and marketing it always brings the best price. Where trees do not make a satis factory growth it denotes lack of plant food, or too much water in the soil. Don't neglect the young trees this month. Keep the soil stirred on the surface. THIRSTY BEES. Just at this time when every bee counts in keeping up the heat of the hive and in caring for the young brood it is important that a suitable watering place should be provided in order that no more of the hold-over workers shall be lost in drinking at ditches and troughs than can be helped. A simple watering arrangement and one that will serve the purpose of providing the bees a permanent place which they will patronize quite regularly 'in a short time is made with a box or table. Tack on a piece of burlap or coarse canvas with a barrel or keg located at the upper edge. The barrel should be kept filled with fresh water and cov ered while the water trickles out of a small gimlet hole near the bottom and spreads slowly across the table through the meshes of the goods. This forms an ideal foothold for the bees while they sip the water without dan ger of drowning or being disturbed. Bees Ho not swarm every year, but only such years as give a bountiful supply of honey. It seems by natural instinct they can, at least to some ex tent, foretell the season. It requires a good honey flow to induce them to swarm, and in this they seldom make a mistake. We have very frequently noticed that when little or no attempt is made to swarm, and also at a time of a very good honey flow, that it fol lowed a poor honey season. On the other hand, when it seemed that all energy was bent in the direction of swarming, a large crop of honey was the result. Bees often make all prep arations for swarming, and the swarm is due to come off. but thev failed to come, and swarming was given tip for ttlA tirrm rwin" thp ciirnlnc mwni: t I 1.MW w0 .u UKI I'lWM Uk.llkl VS queen cells being destroyed. It is a good plan to have a box of salt and ashes half and half placed where the hogs can run to it and eat what they want. This mixture acts as a tonic, avoids constipation, and is .all the medicine a hog will need, if he has good pure water to drink, all the feed be will need, and a clean dry place in which to sleep. There is no more reason why a hog should be everlastingly drugged with medicine than there is for a person to be tak ing medicine all the time. Sanita tion is better than drugs for hogs. Some men spend time and money to keep a horse in good trim and look ing neat so it may take the premium at the county fair, but they never have any time to look after the wel fare of their boys and girls. Does it seem to you that this is right? One great advantage which sheep husbandry offers over other lines of stock raising is the small amount of labor required in the care of sheep. When we are striving for decreased cost of production this saving of la bor is no small item. Muzzle the horses when plowing or cultivating around trees. Yes, and don't forget to pad the outer end of each whiffletree. But if a tree is acci dentally "barked" bandage the wound with cow manure and burlap. When the hot summer days come be sure to provide shade for your yarded chicks. They will sicken and die if exposed all day to the hot sun. Also see that they have plenty of fresh drinking water. Early maturity is sought in fitting hogs for market. A steady growth from birth to maturity should be sought, finish at as early an age as possible. The cow that sucks herself, or that leaks her milk, or Is troublesome to milk, or Is heady, should be fattened and 'marketed as soon as possible. Feed growing chickens liberally, avoiding too much corn. DAIRY DOINGS. Exquisite cleanliness is absolutely necessary I? every part of the dairy, aad not oa "the outside of the cup' only. The dairyman has just a3 many perplexing problems to solve as th& man of affairs in the city. Brains and brawn are absolutely necessary to make dairying a success. Many farmers regard dairying a side issue and are unwilling to provide modern machinery to lessen the la bors of the housemother, who strug gles with the time honored but tire some ways of long ago. A "dairy" dream of the future is one that shows a United States "ganger" stationed at each large dairy (by the time they all will be large), whoso business it will be to test the output, saddle it with a cer tificate, put a price upon it and send it to market. It is claimed for St. Lawrence county. New York, that more milk is produced in the county than any oth er in the United States. The cheese output in 1904 was 13.777.899 pounds. and butter output 8.029.206 pounds. Together with what milk and cream was shipped out this would mean a total production of 322,696,977 pounds of milk. In round numbers the dairy income of the county in 1903 was $3, 250.000. In speaking of the wealth of Hol land. Prof. H. H. Dean said: "It is one of the wealthiest countries accord ing to population of any in th world. Now how have they made this nione ? How have they been able to produ the marvelous wealth which has a -crued to that very small countr- They have made it out of agriculture and the particular branch of agricul ture which they have given special attention to is that of keeping cows and the production of dairy goods. HORTICULTURAL NOTES. Prune the orchard now and cut out useless branches. Leave more limbs that will give symmetry to the tree. How is your woodpile, is it low down? The old dead apple trees cut up will replenish it, and now is the time. The tree that blew over is not worth pushing up. for it will blow over again. Make firewood of it and plant a new one in its place. Sweden has a law requiring the plantinr of two trees for every one cut do. Why wouldn't that be a good idea in this country? If the cellar is warm, look out for rotting apples. Do not keep the cel lar shut up tight, open it at night and let in the air. and close it on warm days in the morning. Plant memorial trees on the birth days of your children and they will always have a monument. Of course if the birthday comes in midwinter, better wait until spring to plant. It is interesting to note how well trees remember good care that they have received the previous season. Really a large sharp of the thrift of a tree depends upon the store of nourishment and vitality laid up the year before. Wrap long stemmed rose bushes with rye straw or gunny sacking. The object is not to prevent free.inp. but to guard against alternate thaw ing and freezing out and to moder ate sudden changes in weather. HOG NOTES Keeping the hog house clean keeps disease away. Pure water adds greatly to the growth and health of hogs. For brood sows, select only the thriftiest and best from a drove. Clover or alfalfa pasture is a good thing to tie to in raising pigs. Try it. Oats make a good feed for fattening hogs. It will balance the ration when fed with corn. The annual production of swine in the United States is estimated at 47. 000,000 head. The ideal sow for a mother Is not lay; restful and quiet in her disposi tion, still a good rustler. Study your conditions and select the breed that will nearest meet those con ditions and then stick to the breed. Ancestrv counts for much In splect- ing breeding boars and sows. Individ- Ualll however, must not he lost sight of. The hanking institution of the farms of the corn belt is the hug pen. Not a month of the ear pr.:,ses but what it can be drawn upon. Don't make the mistake of trying to cprry pigs through the summer on pasture alone. Give a small ration of grain daily while grazing. NOVICES AND INCUBATORS. Recently a gentleman said that ho had a mortgage on a farm and was inclined to buy a number of incuba toTs and put them on the farm in charge of his brother. He thought he could thus build up a good poul try business. His idea seemed to be that all he had to do was to put the money into the work and it would run itself. On inquiry, it was found that he knew nothing at all about poultry culture. The writer advised him to go slow, as there is no branch of farm ing that does not have to be learned. It is not for the bensfit of poultry sci ence to have men rush into poultry raising in this way. They must ap proach the business from a proper standpoint to make a success of it. Unless the breeder is accustomed to look lor lice on hogs, he may fail to find them. Under the ears in the wrinkles about the head, under the fiank, or legs is a good place for them to work. Dip the hogs and prevent the lice from getting a foothold. Pigs intended for breeding purposes should be separated from those intend ed for market and given a ration con taining more protein. With dairy stock, more than with anything else with which the farmer has to do, merit must be settled by test. Don't forget to give your young chicks charcoal. It aids digestion and prevents bowel trouble. Keep the hens quiet aad comfora ble, and do not allow them to be wor ried or frightened. Pekin ducks are extraordinarily prollflc. often laying from early in the spring until midsummer. ft JL1L rr a 3i f 1 r e i: i i 'A fM I- it i f i lESil4USMMl L?J -tCrfJiT'-c u.. 'nl. fc--4-i- k.U ..... . J.