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Mr. "Wraps invites contributions of
any new ideas that leaders of this de
partment may wish to present, and
-would be pleased to answer correspond
ents de.sirinK information on subjects
dicussel. Address M. J. Wragg. 300 Good
"Block. Des Moines. Iowa.
HARROWING REDUCES LABOR.
The Southern soil tillers are now
wisely selecting the best implements
to aid them in destroying weeds and
pulverizing their lands. The harrow
Is not found on every farm, and yet it
will accomplish more work in one
day in putting the crop in good condi
tion than the plows they are using will
in two. The harrow is of special
l)enefit in being passed over the Irish
potato plants, and even when an inch
-high, in tearing the surface of soil and
yet not injuring the plants. The har
row with teeth sloping backward at
nn angle of forty-five degrees will do
no harm to porn five inches high or
wheat four inches high. Try it on a
small plot of corn or half the field and
observe the difference in thirty days
thereafter with the part now har
rowed. The heavy rains after the corn has
"been planted pack the surface soil,
and that prevents the spring suns
from warming the soil to the depth
of four inches, where the young corn
roots are too cold to perform their
natural functions. The sloping teeth
of the implement will tear up the coat
ing, and the corn plants will put on
new life. The harrow will greatly re
duce tho farm work in keeping the
young crops clean. A harrow with
seventy-live teeth will clean up the
young weeds or grass on fifteen acres
in one day. The young corn plant
may be laid down en the soil for a
day, but it will soon lift its head, and
then it will more than make up for
the time lost while down. Friends,
ret out of your old ways and put into
your crops better implements and they
will increase the jield of corn more
than the cost of Ihe new implement.
Chemical sprays in the orchard will
do much, but they cannot do every
thing. For instance, black knot on
plum trees cannot be removed by
spraying. This disease necessitates
an operation with a knife. Cut out
the "knots" and burn them.
FERTILIZE THE ORCHARD
A Kansas fruit-grower says: "Or
chards will in time exhaust, at least
7artially. tho fertility of the soil, and
this exhaustion is especially noticea
ble on soils which are not very rich
nt the time of planting the trees. To
make young trees grow more rapidly
a fertilizer should be ued containing
a small per cent of nitrogen mixed
with potash and phosphate. For older
orchards the nitrogen is not so neces
sary, while phosphates anil potash
should be increased, especially the
quantity of potash. It is frequently a
good plan to stimulate top growth by
sowing the orchard to crimson clover
in late summer and turning it under in
tho 5-pring.
We would add. that it seems to be
the opinion of Illinois, Iowa and Mis
souri orehardists that the "cowpea" is
one of the best orchard fertilizers. It
keeps the ground clean and loose, and
at the same time supplies it with the
proper nitrogenous matter. Then the
cultivation of the peas is all that the
trees require, resides all this the
peas frequently pay all expenses of
cultivation and something more.
The plan of sowing cowpeas to oc
cupy the soil after harvesting fall
wheat or oats is as cood now as ever.
With a favorable season the cowpeas
make a large growth, and can be
plowed under in time for another crop
of grain or grass seeding. The soil
is left in much better shape than it
would bo if in stubble and weeds.
The trouble about the plan this year
is the difficulty in obtaining cowpea
seed. There seems to be little if any
left in the country. We are thinking
of using white beans in place of the
peas.
CARE OF THE PIG.
That close confinement of the pig
from birth to time of marketing tends
to injure the quality of pork is shown
by some experiments noted by the
United States Department of Agricul
ture, says Farmers' Tribune. Hogs
thrive on acid, however, and the feed
ing of dairy products which contain
acid tends to compensate to a great
degree for lack of exercise in the ani
mals. A compendium of experiments
published by the department shows
considerable judgment necessary in
feeding if firm, sweet bacon is to re
sult. The conclusion is reached that
with pigs having sufficient exercise
and a mixed diet, or if feed consists
of dairy by-products until they are one
hundred pounds heavy, they can be
finished off witn corn without injuring
the quality of bacon, whereas if corn
is fed earlier it produces soft, undesir
able meat. A feed consisting of barley
alone or in combination with oats and
middlings produced very fine bacon.
Peas did likewise. So far as experi
ments have shown root crops did not
affect the firmness of the bacon.
The automobilist is abroad in the
land, and this season especially acts
as though he owned the whole earth.
Ke is our only citizen who rushes into
print to brag that he has beaten the
record of other law-breakers in rush
ing through cur streets and along our
roads. He seems to take pride in pro
claiming that he breaks our laws
with impunity and is a privileged cit
izen. There are hundreds of women
to-day in thickly settled communities
who do not dare trust themselves and
children where in the past they have
driven alone with safety. The danger
is not from the degenerate country
man, but our city cousins and their
automobiles. It must be said that for
"pure cussedness" and disregard for
the rights of the many, their drivers
excel any class of our citizens we
have ever meL
The United States Department of
Agriculture has scored another victory
In the horticultural world by the grow
ing of Easter lilies under glass from
seeds instead of bulbs. They even
surpass, in number of blossoms to the
stalk, the justly celebrated Bermuda
lflles-
PROTECT THE BIRDS.
Let the farmer remember that every
bird destroyed, and particularly every
nest robbed is equivalent to a definite
increase in insects with which he al
ready has to struggle hard, and he will
soon appreciate the fact that he has
a personal interest, and a strong one,
in the preservation of the birds. Rob
ert Kennicott, a most careful and re
liable observer, ascertained that a sin
gle pair of house wrens carried to
their young about 1,000 insects a day.
At this rate a young brood of wrens
probably destroy, before leaving the
nest, as many as 10,000 insects. Ac
cording to the usual proportion in the
food of wrens, about 6,000 of these are
insects that devastate crops, including
nearly fiOO cutworms. The esthetic
aspect of bird life appeals less strong
ly to the average farmer, but he
should reflect that many, perhaps
some of his family or neighbors, find
distinct pleasure in the presence of
birds, purely as regards song, beauty
and general interest; and to thse the
absence of bird life would mike an
important difference in the enjoyment
of the homestead. An abundance of
birds about the dwelling, like a profu
sion of flowers, gives much added
value in the eyes of all who properly
appreciate the charms of nature.
The barbed wire fence is s. thing
that should go out of every communi
ty. If there is anj excuse for Its use
at all it is found on the western rang
es, where vast areas of land have to
be fenced that do not belong to the
man that is paying for the fencing.
In well settled communities it is ob
jectionable. Some of our states have
laws that forbid it being stretched
along the public highway. Many a
good animal has been ruined by being
caught on a barbed wire fence. In
this day of good smooth wire fences,
there is little reason for using the
barbarous kind.
HOGS ARE GOOD PROPERTY.
One hog-writer sizes up tli6 situa
tion from the farmer's point of view
as follows: "Hogs seem to be about
the best property a farmer can have
nowadays. The farmers knew full
well that they can get 5 cents or bet
ter, and when the price drops below
that point, the producers at once hold
up and refuse to sell to the country
buyers, consequently prices at once
rally back to somewhere near their
former position. There seems to be a
large shortage in the pig crop and
there is no doubt but what prices will
be considerably higher than now be
fore another crop of hogs can be put
on the market. One reason for think
ing this is. first, there was a shortage
in the pig crop last year; second, the
fall crop of pigs was largely taken off
by some kind of an epidemic, which
seemed to spread over the country;
third, the high price of feed compelled
every farmer to put upon the market
everything he could, and just as soon
as he could.
One of the most valuable of all fod
der crops is a mixture of oats and
Canadian field peas, and this should
be cultivated on every farm where
live stock is kept.
Happy the man. whoe wish and care
A few paternal acres bound.
Content ti breathe his native air
On his own ground
Pope.
Is your lawn filled with dandelions
and other weeds? If so, interest the
children in the matter and then note
tho improvement which results. A
friend of ours solves this problem by
paying the youngsters "so much a
hundred" for all weeds neatly dug
from the lawn.
BEST HORSE TO RAISE.
There is no doubt that the best
horse for the farmer to raise is the
draft horse. The farmer needs some
times Jo raise roadsters and driving
horses; but in the main the draft leads
all others. The demand is not so
much for an improved kind of horse
as for a first-class animal of the kinds
we now have. The draft horse can be
raised with little expense to the far
mer, and he begins to pay his way be
fore the time comes to market him.
The draft colt works in easily with
the general work of the farm. The
farmer may find it difficult to sell a
light harness horse for carriage pur
roses, but he never has trouble in sell
ing a first-class draft horse. In any
event it should be remembered that it
requires no more labor to care for a
srood draft horse than for a poor one.
The horse of quality will consume no
more feed than the other, but the mar
gin between cost and selling price is
very much greater in the case of the
good horse than between the cost and
selling price of the inferior horse.
The trouble in regulating labor is
largely due to the fact that gumption
is not a universal trait of character.
The work of a mechanic or any other
laborer who has this desirable trait
is twice as valuable as that of the
gumptionless one.
POPPIES.
One of the most gorgeous and satis
factory plants for the border is the
perennial poppy, of which there are
two good sorts, the Oriental and the
Iceland poPI)V- If the Iceland poppy
is kept cut and not allowed to form
seed pods it will bloom from May to
October. The flowers are on wiry
stalks and unlike the Shirley are well
adapted to cutting. They are found in
white, yellow and orange red. It is
well to sow seed every year as it is
not one of the hardiest perennials and
old plants are apt to winter kill. The
oriental poppy has a deep scarlet
bloom. Its season is short, however,
covering only a few weeks in June.
The best way to double the value
of farm lands is to make good roads,
secure free mail delivery and beauti
fy the home surroundings. These
three things help to make farm life
enjoyable.
Remember in feeding horses, that it
Is the amount of food digested, not
i eaten, that gives the hors strength.
PROFIT IN PIGS.
-fc,geed way Is to have pigs come in
March or April, and that thev may
enjoy plenty to eat, feed the sows on
waste milk with buckwheat meal,
bran and oats ground together, or- corn
and pea meal. A sufficient quantity of
this should in due time be put in a
shallow trough, set in a separate part
of the pen into which the pigs, but not
the sow, can go. As soon as pastur
age is ready they should be turned
out to feed, and by sowing as early
as possible three pounds of rape per
acre on good land, preferably that
which needs summer fallowing, the
pigs may be put onto this with excel
lent results along in the latter part
of summer, provided a portion is re
served for recovery after feeding,
while the rest is fed down. Giving three
or four pounds of corn meal apiece
per day, will nicely fatten the pigs
while on the last of the rape; but if
so desired, they may be finished on
grain, screenings, corn or peas and
oats ground together. The feeding
value of these grains, including bar
ley, is improved by having them
ground two or three months before
using, only in that case the meal must
be kept dry, and not allowed to heat
or get sour. Set in barrels in a dry
store room is the best place for it.
The first acre of ground for public
parks in any city in the United States
was purchased in 1S5C, and the last
census shows that all but one of the cit
ies in the United States of over 30,000
population now have public parks with
an aggregate acreage of C0.822 main
tained at a total expense of $S,304,247,
and employing over 10,000.
DAIRY NOTES.
Keep your separator and milk house
clean. What is worth doing at all, is
worth doing well.
The farm hand who knows how to
milk properly is more valuable to the
careful dairyman than any other help.
As the udder becomes filled with
milk she is anxious to be relieved of
its contents and will seldom offer re
sistance without a cause.
Remember when you buy dairy cows
that you do not want beef animals,
for they are inclined to lay on flesh
instead of giving value received foi
their feed and care, in the bucket.
If you have a heifer making udder
and one of her quarters is not filling
out properly, rub (hat quarter daily,
knead and roll it between you hands.
A liniment of lard and alcohol may be
applied and well rubbed in, but rely
mainly upon the rubbing.
If you are selling butter to regular
customers in town, why not get a set
of three, four or five pound jars. You
can put up butter in that way and
make it appear neat; your customers
will appreciate it. If you are not
choosing jars, why not try it, on a
small scale? You will like it.
To milk a cow requires time and
patience. The milk should be drawn
slowly and steadily. Some cows have
very tender teats, and if you want a
well disposed cow, be gentle in your
treatment towards her. A good cow
is naturally impatient and does not
like rough handling. With constant
irritation any cow will fail in quan
tity of milk.
When shoeing horses be sure that
the operator does not pare the frog
and sole of the foot too much. Most
shoers insist upon trimming down
closely, but this should not be per
mitted. Only the loose portions
should be removed. The shoes should
be taken off and replaced at least once
every two months, otherwise contrac
tion of the hoof will certainly result.
Use as few nails as possible and have
the shoes as light as may be.
TRUE MULCHING OF THE
ORCHARD.
Mulching, as I understand it, im
plies covering the soil with a medium,
as leaves, hay. straw or cornstalks.
Many different things are available in
the different parts of the country, and
all will add to the soil in greater or
less degree the three most essential
elements present in complete fertiliz
ers, aso humus, but most important of
all, this real mulch conserves all
moisture that falls, and prevents most
of the evaporation, not taking up a
large proportion of it in growing the
cover crop which necessarily occurs
in the method that has been so fully
claborated. Further this drain of the
soil moisture is the most serious from
being the most rapid in the driest and
hottest of our seasons here in the
West, and when the trees most need it
and in greatest abundance, to perfect
the crop supposed to be in evidence
in the intelligently managed orchard.
In my vicinity sweet clover is a
common weed on roadsides and in
waste places. If we need the nitro
gen bacteria for our alfalfa fields, all
we have to do is to gather up some
soil from places where sweet clover
grows and scatter it over the alfalfa
field. These bacteria work on both
plants.
RECIPE TO PREVENT RUST.
For keeping tools bright and free
from rust when out of use, brush
them with a preparation made by stir
ring enough red or black mineral
paint into crude petroleum to make
the mixture of consistency easy to
spread. This can be applied with a
brush made of a piece of sheepskin
tanned with the wool on. or with any
ordinary brush. It will prevent rust,
and may be rubbed off readily, leav
ing the face of the tool perfectly
bright.
The character of pastures influences
the size of animals, the relative devel
opment of certain parts of the body,
the quality of flesh and fleece, and the
health of the animals, where the pas
turage is made the principal means
of the subsistence of the animal.
Good draft horses always bring
good money, no matter how the times
are, and the man who breeds them is
on safe ground. Give all idle horses
plenty of room for exercise. A horse
that kicks the stall down is in need of
work or exercise.
Skirts little Changed.
It Is a contort to many that with
all the changes going on in styles,
skirts remain almost the same. The
six-gored circular cut is introduced
and is exceedingly artistic, but most
difficult for any but the -ligh-priced
experts to make. Thirteen gores put
into a broad box plait back and front,
with side plaits between, meeting at
the hips with an inverted box plait, is
very popular and stylish. For every
day washtub gowns the new flve
gored pattern is the best to follow. It
is slightly gathered at sides and back
and is trimmed with the old-fashioned
deep Spanish flounce, quite straight,
but not too full. This has tucks and
a hem at the foot line. It is mounted
with a gathered heading or with a
two-inch band of embroidery or heavy
lace. Stitched bands of the material
are not among the new fashions for
skirt trimmings.
Ribbon Flowers.
The newest table decorations are
made of ribbon, which many clever
hostesses fashion for themselves.
Debutante luncheons afford excellent
opportunities for the display of ribbon
flowers, the centerpiece and rose fa
vors being manipulated out of soft
louisine curled in such a manner that
it exactly duplicates a la France rose.
Artificial leaves are used and the rose
stems are wound with green velvet
ribbon. Bunches of violets are easily
conjured into shape with narrow vio
lent ribbon and when combined with
natural leaves the effect is exceeding
ly good. In making these blossoms
care must be taken that only soft rib
bon be used, as stiff satin would be
anything but pretty for such a pur
pose. Smart Shirt Waist Costume.
The shirt waist costume has to
some extent superseded the tailor suit
for general wear. The accompanying
illustration shows a natty box-piaited
waisf, combined with a side-plaited
skirt in round length. Serge, cheviot,
or shepherd plaid among the wool ma
terials are exceedingly good for a
frock destined to be worn in cold
weather, and any of the inexpensive
mercerized cottons, which so strongly
resemble silk, are suggested for the
summer months.
What Gray Haired Women Can Wear.
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srrav haired women, thev all fall into
two general classes; those who are
prematurely gray young women, and
those whose white hair is quite legiti
mate and indicates an honorable old
ace.
For the latter, nothing is more be
coming than black, with ornamenta
tions in either black or white laces.
Real white hair is usually accompan
ied by black or dark brown, or dark
gray eyes, as the blue-eyed women
jjrow gray slowly. So the colors sug
gested are for dark, rather than light
yes.
Dark greens in both olive and blue
varieties, dark silk blues and purples, J
as well as quite dark reds are effec
tive.
There is a brown approaching fawn
;olor that may be worn, but as a rule
browns are not becoming to those
with gray hair.
Creamy white can sometimes be
worn, as can white muslins and lawns
in the summer time.
Dressy Effects.
In thin narrow fabrics the circular
top is preferred to a skirt snd the '
rest is all ruffles. One circular ruf
fle may be used as a foundation, begin
below hips, and the "trimming put on
this.
Princess gowns are appearing in
the thinnest of fine muslins, and
handkerchief linen and linen batiste.
They are tucked to fit into the waist
line and are elaborately trimmed with
fine lace and slight designs cf hand
embroidery.
Many women whose figures can
stand this severity are making up
such gowns decollete with sleeves end
ing well above elbow for summer
evening wear. They are put over
slips of colored batiste at fifty cents a
yard.
These slips are also princess, fit
ted into the waist a beading of narrow
ribbon which is tied in a flat bow in
the back and they are ruffled at the
foot line.
The passion for hand embroidery
has grown sti oncer each week. Who
ever can do it. i putting it en every
possible garment.
For Larse Women.
A style of boiiice becoming to large
women is tint made with jacket
fronts, not the loose, hanging bolero
fronts, but a t-im. tight fitting affair,
single or double breasted, or fastened
at the left side. The jacket comes be
low the waist line in front, and it has
a small, shaped basque back; an In
ner vest with overlapping revers
chows between, or above and below
the overlapping jacket fronts. One
point that every woman at all inclin
ed to stoutness should remember
is to keep the line of her waist
long by cutting all her clothes
with straight seam and dart lines,
and placing the waist linn i
an
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finitely better than one a quarter of
an inch too short waisted; especiallv
is this to be noticed in the plain tailor
coat made with single flv fronts,
When the coat hangs open" it rides
up in the back when not Ion enoueh
in the waist, and it gives a most awk
ward appearance to a woman.
udoir
Moniidences
Hats are queer.
Everything is flowered.
Frocks are overtrimmed.
Green is exceptionally good.
Tulips blosson on some hats.
You can't have tco many organdies.
Both narrow and wide belts are
worn.
The black patent leather sailor Is
nobby.
You cannot have too much lace
about you.
Some parasols look as if the sun
would melt them.
Net insertions make a silk blouse
look wonderfully smart.
Very taking is the new envelope
handbag in scarlet or gresn.
Buy a stamped hat pattern and em
broider your' own hat.
Scheme in Hat Trimming.
Marvelous shaded effects are se
cured by employing different tints of
the same flowers in hats. A toque
particularly becoming to a fair-haired
girl who dresses her hair In rather
fluffy fashion is buiit entirely from hy
acinths. The foundation is pale lav
ender maline. Brim and crown are
overlaid with hyacinths shading from
palest to deepest lavender. On the
brim the white starts next to the hair,
and the edge is the deep shade. On
the crown the white is in the center
and the flowers deepen as the size of
the circles increase. On either side ef
, the hat. close to the hair and extend-
t ing well up above the brim, are flat
rosettes of soft ribbon in the three
tints shown in the flowers, and in the
hearts of each rosette are two delicate
blush roses with pastel green foliage.
Vinegar Pie.
Put together in a saucepan a heap
ing tablespoonful of flour wet to a
paste with a gill of cold water, a cup
ful of vinegar and two quarters of a
cup of sugar. Stir until melted, then
add three-quarters of a cup of cold
water. Cook, stirring steadily until
thick, then pour into an open crust
and bake at once in a very hot oven.
When done cover the pie with a me
ringue made of the whites of eggs
beaten to a stiff froth, with a table-
l siconful of powdered sugar, and bake
to a light brown. Serve cold.
Dainty Sandwich.
Here is a sandwich filling that may
prove available with a cup of hot
chocolate at a divan gossip.
Use one part chopped almonds and
two parts shreddr-d or grated celery,
with a little salt. The mixture is
moistened with mayonnaise and
spread between thin round slices of
sandwich bread or oblongs of brown
bread from which the crust has been
cut.
A Safe Method.
There is no prettier nor safer meth
od for carrying a watch than when it
is securely set into a bracelet, which
is usually made of bars of gold or sil
ver, interlaced diagonally, as are the
iron bars of a street-car gate. These
bars can be opened wide or closed
tightly so as to fit snugly about any
..... . J
wrist. Anotner way lor carrying a
watch is to hnvo it s"t in a leather
bracelet which buckles around the
wrist
A molding board makes a very sat
isfactory extra shelf for kitchen or
sewintr room if fastened to the wall
with hinges and chains to prevent its
sagging when lowered.
To the ordinary combination of
warm water and ammonia used for
freshening carpets, add a tablespoon
ful of kerosene and the result will be
still more satisfactory than usual.
Lunch cloths for bungalow or coun
try home fitted up with rustic or mis
sion furnishings, are made of coarse
linen in gray or tan shades, with bor
ders in some gay, contrasting tone.
When a broom becomes shorter on
one side and the ends of the straws
become as sharp as needles dip it into
hot water, trim it evenly with the
shears and you will have a broom
nearly as good as new.
Brown and white checked voile over
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Filmy Laces.
An effort that assuredly means
business this season runs in favor of
filmy laces, headed by the ephemeral
blonde. The fresh varieties are ex
ceptionally numerous and at present
appear to be collectively gathered to
gether under the safe and vaguely
embracing term of French. Towards
the fashioning of Jabots together
with the prevailing ruffled and wrin
kled effects, there is no question as to
the superior services of this finer den
telle, and under its auspices one is
the more inclined to overlook certain
extravagances of pattern. Nor will
the furore for the firmer and more
costly varieties of embroidered
lawns, as a decorative accessory, be
any less pronounced than last season.
Veal Cutlets with Tomatoes,
Wash two cutlets and season them
with pepper and salt. Have ready
some hot lard and butter in a pan;
put the meat into it, and fry it on
both sides until a nice brown; when
done place on a hot platter.
Stew a quarter of a peck of toma
toes, or if these are not in season, a
can will do as well. If fresh they
must be drained and mashed. Season
with pepper and salt, pour the toma
toes in a pan with the gravy, after the
cutlets have been dished, and stir
them well together. Pour them over
the cutlets and send to table hot
New Ruffle Trick.
A new ruffle trick seems to have
accomplished the apparently Impos
sible task of getting still more full
ness into the skirt about the feet. The
ruffle is of embroider', shaped and
gathered into half circles, which join
at the tips. Under this ruffle Is an
other, with all the material pleated
into it that could possibly be disposed
of. The pleating only shows in be
tween the sections of the ruffle in tha
airiest way imaginable.
Blouse of Silk or Voile.
Blouse of plain light silk or voile,
with fronts slightly draped and
crossed and bordered with silk braid.
The plaited chemisette is of white
muslin, the plait 'trimmed with lace
and braid and bordered with narrow
ruffles of the muslin. The collar is
trimmed with lace.
The full sleeves are shirred at the
top and finished at the elbows with
cuffs trimmed with the braid and
frills of muslin.
Padded Laces Still Popular.
If anything, the new laces are pad
ded more than those which came in
last year for the first. Roses, lilies
and other flowers are stuffed with cot
ton batting, so that the design stands
out from the lace almost like real
flowers. A clever dressmaker gives
a hint worth knowing about these
laces. She removes the cotton pad
ding and puts chiffon in its place, sc
that the flower is more delicate and
life-like than before, and the design
is stiil realistically raised.
Fashion in Sashes.
Some of the new sashes are made
of the loveliest shaded ribbons not
the flimsy shaded ribbons that came
out a couple of years ago and flour
ished for a little while but a new
ribbon, the softest, richest satin
i which shades from white to a cleat
turquise blue, yet when crushed ur
into a girdle seems only is seen in
a number of tints, from a very pale
one to a deep, rich shade, which
comes out beautifully in cloth.
The Plaited Skirt.
Seven and nine gores cut to make
plaited skirts are still used by a
great many people. Everything i?
still done to conceal seams. When
a five gored or six gored skirt is made
the seams are flattened and pressed
by every method so that they will not
stand out from the material.
Light green Sicilian with soutache
braid, and girdle of dark blue kid.
Stock and vest of Irish crochet Tur
ban to match.
1
-saCrfar-c-S-iC
It is the duty of the state to protect
its citizens even those condemned to
pass a term of years in jail. The dan
ger to the inmates of prisons, from
pulmonary disease, has only lately
been realized. A short time since a
man who had served a sentence in
the Ohio penitentiary, declared that
to send him back meant death by
tuberculosis. Inquiry was made. The
head physician announced that the
building was a hotbed of consump
tion. A prominent official stated that
a ten years' sentence was equivalent
to condemning a man to death by
pulmonary tuberculosis.
Dr. S. A. Knopf, the greatest Ameri
can authority on tuberculosis, was In
vited to visit the penitentiary. With
out hesitation he pronounced it the
most unsanitary penal institution he
had ever seen.
The output of many prisons is
enough to convince of the truth of the
above statements. The sallow com
plexions, weakened bodies, sunken
chests of the ex-convicts, all are the
stamp of murderous prison hygiene.
All the rules for combatting the great
white plague are reversed. For sun
light, they are given darkness: for
fresh air. a damp, musty atmosphere;
for out-of-door life a weary in-door
grind, a large part spent within the
narrow confines of a single cell.
Is it not enough to take from a fel
low being his liberty and appropriate
tho labor of his hands, without forc
ing him to live under such conditions?
Dare the state continue to condemn
any of its citizens to such a death?
Shall the sentence in a public prison
cease at its legal expiration, or shall
the poor victim continue to suffer
from its dire effects until he fills a
consumptive's grave?
In this day of Anti-Tuberculosis
agitation, it would seem that public
institutions, whether asylums, schools,
prisons or assembly halls should be
the first to be brought under proper
sanitary conditions. It is useless,
hopeless to educate the masses in re
gard to the cure and prevention of
tuberculosis and then maintain at
public expense hotbeds for the de
velopment of consumptives to be fin
ally turned loose in tho community.
The Tonic Use of Water.
Cold water is the universal tonic.
The best time for taking a cold bath
for tonic effect is just after getting
cut of bed in the morning, when the
body Is warm. A cold bath should
never be taken when one is chilled.
One not accustomed to cold bathing
should begin carefully with water not
colder than 75 deg. F. The bath should
be short, not to exceed a minute, and
for feeble persons not more than fif
teen or thirty seconds when applied
to the whole surface. The bath
should be immediately followed by
nibbing and exercise for fifteen to
thirty minutes. There should always
bo good reaction; that is. the whole
surface, including the hands and feet,
should quickly become warm. The
l.ath should not be followed by lan
guor, headache, lassitude or other in
dications of excessive reaction. When
one experiences such symptoms, the
indication is that the bath was too
long or too cold or not followed by
sufficient exercise. For feeble, very
oung or elderly persons the water
used should rarely be lower than 65
degrees to 75 degrees In winter. The
bath should be taken in a suitably
warmed room.
As We Live, We Are.
If we look down, then our shoulders
stoop. If our thoughts look down,
then our character bends. It is only
when we hold our heads up that our
body becomes erect. It is only when
our thoughts go up that our life be
comes erect.
Physiology in English Public Schools.
Sixteen thousand English physi
cians have signed a petition request
ing Parliament to inaugurate syste
matic instruction in the public
schools of Great Britain in relation
to the preservation of health, especi
ally in relation to the evil effects of
alcoholic drinks. It is hoped that
this petition will be granted.
Slaughter of the Innocents.
A study of statistics reveals the ter
rible fact that nearly one-half of all
the human beings born into the world
die before the age of five years. In
the city of Stetten. Germany, nearly
one-half 473 out of every thousand
die during the first year of their lives.
In Ireland, Scotland, Norway and Swe
den, where children are given better
care, have more outdoor life, and
more intelligent attention is given to
feeding, the number of deaths is only
one-fiftieth as many as in the city
of Stetten, being ten per cent.
Physicians are coming to recognize
that the use of cow's milk, which is
infected with the germs of tubercu
losis, is one of the most active of
all the causes of death among young
children. This should be remem
bered in the artificial feeding of in
fants. The milk should either be
boiled or well scalded before being
fed to the infant. This rule should
be universally observed for adults as
well as for children, and, if applied,
will save thousands of lives annually.
A Safety Valve.
In the Laclus' Home Journal a
writer tells f'f an interesting visit
which he pai 1 when a boy to the
"Autocrat of Breakfast Table."
After breakfa ' Dr. Holmes took the
Remarkable Pension Claim.
George Kr . "I a Civil War veteran,
living near I" -j-ct. Pa., has a pecu
liar claim a- r -' the pavernment for
back pension
He was disci
war and pi'.
bilities. Sou
living near i
subject of
tuted by thf
result was -
Tounting to $1,100.
'' at the close of the
$t-j a month for disa-. death he s nr in haste for his physi
wars ago Staff, while cian and up n the doctor's arrival
peaier county, was the
ry proceedings insti-
: authorities, and as a
ut Dixmont and later
ibrc he was allowed
fr 'iom, and acting on
to Danville,
considerate
the suzgo'.'!' '-1 a larmer wnom ne
frequent! v -le !- staff "'"camped.
He reside.! in turn in Virginia, Ohio-
and llisi-miri, anu "ien urmeu uacs
to his native co'ii'y. He bases his
claim on the ground that he has been
restored to his nehts for a number of
years and is entitled to the back pen
sion. He seems in full possession of
his faculties.
Test Soldiers' Uniforms.
Trials are now being made In the
German army as to whether the blue
and darK uuu,u- - - -. ". i
better be exchanged for gray clothes. J
boy into a basement room, which was
fitted up as a complete carpenter's
shop, and gave him the following ad
vice, which he considered would be of
more value to him than anything he
had ever written:
"You know I am a doctor, and this
shop is my medicine. I believe that
every man must have a hobby that
is as different from his regular work
as it is possible to be. It is not
good for a man to work all the time
at one thin?. So this is my hobby,
This is my change. I like to putter
away at these things. Even day I
try to come dewn here for an hour or
so. It rests me because it gives my
mind a complete change. For. whether
you believe it or not." he added, with
his inimitable chuckle, "to make a
poem and to make a chair are two
very different things.
"Now, if you think you can learn
something from me, learn that, and
remember it when you are a man.
Don't keep always at your business,
whatever it may be. It makes no
difference how much you like it. The
more you like it, the more dangerous
it is. When you grow up. you will
understand what I mean by an 'out
let.' Every man must have an 'out
let a hobby that is. in his life, and
it must be so different from his regu
lar work that it will take his work
into an entirely different direction.
We doctors call it a 'safety valve.
and It Is. I would much rather." con
cluded the poet, "you would forget all
that I have ever written than that you
should forget what I tell you about
having a safety valve."
For a Cold.
The daily cold bath is one of tht
most effective safeguards against
taking cold. Of equal importance is
abundance of fresh air in the sleep
ing apartment. Upon the first symp
toms of "a cold." deep breathing ex
ercises in the open air or in a well
ventilated room should be taken at
frequent Intervals. In nearly all
cases where this simple treatment is
taken, there will be no further de
velopment of the cold, and the symp
toms will disappear. A doctor con
nected with a large institution for
children recently tried this method
upon the inmates with surprising suc
cess. "There is nothing." he writes,
"more irritable than a cough. For a
time I have been so fully assured of
this that I determined, for one min
ute at least, to lessen the number of
coughs heard In a certain ward of
the hospital of the institution. By
the promise of rewards and punish
ments, I succeeded in having the chil
dren simply hold their breath when
tempted to cough, and in a little while
I was myself surprised to see how
some of the children entirely recov
ered from the disease.
"I.ct a person, when tempted to
cough, draw a long breath, and hold
it until it warms and soothes every
air-cell, and some benefit will soon
be received from this process. Tho
nitrogen which is thus refined acts
as an anodyne to the mucous mem
brane, allaying the desire to cough,
and giving tho throat and lungs a
chance to heal."
RECIPES.
Barley Soup. Soak a cun of pearled
barley over night and rook in plenty
of water until well done, but not
mushy. At proper periods add to it a
portion each of mincrd onion, sliced
cabbage and okra. diced carrots and
turnip, salt and enough tomatoes to
give an appetizing fla-or and color. A
little seasoning may be required.
Noodles with Cranberries. Beat
well one egg. or more according to
the need, incorporating with each a
tablespoonful of cold water and a
pinch of salt. Knead in flour sufficient
to make a stiff dourh. Roll as thin
as'thin pasteboard. Let it dry on one
side and then on the other, frequently
turning it. but do not let It bocomo
dry enough to crack when rolled. Roll
it very compactly; with a verv sharp
knife cut thin slices from the end
until all is used. Let these dry thor
ouchlv (thev n;ay be prepared sev
eral days before noorled) and cook in
boiling snPed water about twenty
minutes. Drain in a celander, and
give a dash of roM watr to prevent
pastiness. Rehoat. and sorve with
strained cranberry sauce as a dress
ing. Any other fruit may bo used.
Any of the various forms of macaroni
mav be substituted for the noodles
Stuffed Potatoes. Rake smooth po
tatoes until just done. Cut in halve?
lengthwise, remove the insides, being
careful not to tear tho skins. Mash,
season, and return to the shell3. Have
ready some slightly salted, stiffly
beaten cct; to rover the top of each
piece. Place on a tin in the oven tc
brown and warm.
Creamed Turnips. Dire turnips and
boil until toncV'-. ha vine salted thorn
a while befor" i'iining. Somewhat
n.ore than rovor rh-m with rich milk
When boiling hot pour in slowly somo
braided flour. i"r!'v shaking the ket
tle to insure tl oven thickening of
the dressing. Cook a few minutes
and serve.
Lanse Brod. ."it one egg into one
cup of milk. AiM salt and a spoonful
of sugar. Dip into it slices of stale
bread and bron them nicely on a
well-oiled pancake griddle. Servo
while hot.
Squash Custard. Prepare squash
the same as for pies. Rake in a shal
low pudding Iish without crust and
serve cold.
At Least One Case on Record.
When Isa;ic O. Karnes of New
Hampshire, who was collector of cus
toms abou Pfiy years ago in Boston,
was confined fo his bed in his last
sickness, a! our six weeks before his
said: "I'm ''r'n', doctor. I'm dviiT"
The ph.wian ridiculed the idea,
and reachirg under the bed clothing
said: "Mr Barnes, your feet an
v-irm. Did you ever know of any ono
djing with warm feet?"
The answer came back quick as a
flash: "Yes. John Rogers did."
Russian Vegetarian.
One of the most extreme vegetari
ans is the well known Russian sculp
tor, Prince Trouhetzkoi. who recently
visited Paris. He considers meat eat
ers not much better than cannibals,
taboos even eggs and milk and lives
on vegetables boiled In oil, salads
fruits and bread. At his home in Stl
Petersburg he has a number of ani
mals, including a bear, two wo!v
uu umv .ug, none t
allowed to eat meat
and nine dogs, none of which Is ever
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