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IMPROVING THE FARM.
Every thoughtful farmer wishes to
improve his term, just as the business
111:1:1 wishes to improve his business so
(hat it shall become more valuable
tuch j oar.
Some farmers seek to increase the
VHlue of their farms by adding acres,
others by bunding new barns or new
lctices.
There are 1 armors who become poor
er with every quarter section they add
To their farm. They have more acres,
but the original homestead is more in
ditTerejitly cultivated, and the little
detail; In keeping things up are neg
lected. The children and wife, as well
as the fat mi r. are enslaved to pay lor
the ia.-.t quaiter section bought, and
the home farm is no' worth as much
:is an invest :i.ent ah it was b-for be
ing mortgaged te serine the payment
on the latter purchase.
.Ww l.arn am! new fences are not
Jhe only things that impiove laruis.
S'limiiiiH'S n.e!r addition to a farm
make, the lack ol other improvements,
mote appaicnl Again, not every
fariru r i.i abb" t. build a new liarn
-..n he thinks lie needs it, but this
should not pi event him from making
imiioeitents each year should i.ot
prevent htm from keeping up the im-l.roemr-ns.
so tliat eac!i year his
Jann would sell better than the year
hriore should he wish lo dispone of it.
Manx dollars could In- added to the
. s Inng value ol tlie majority of farms
by a single day V work with man and
team. On many larins this addition to
the hilling alue ould lie made for
several dajs ii succession in the same
waj- simply cleaning up an outhouse
and barn, making firewood and scrap
iron of all wornout wagons and im
plements ami all other trash that can
bo used that way. All other rubbish
tli.tf cannot be burned should be caned
into some draw or water course 011 the
t.irrn. wiieie it will make a dam and
save tons ol nlunhlc ..oil. II the farm
er i-i so lortui.ate as not lo have such
a soil depleter. 1 t him take a plow
ar.d scraper and make a tiench deep
enough to but j 1 lie trash below the
r.-acJi of the ph.u when plowing the
Held dump the unsightly things.
ki.1. iii. .oil back and lei them rest.
ijo n.ueh done. ile impioveni.nt of
the larm w !l be so an at thai u:re
Will lie ai-l to lollou A TeW tiees
t.ouhtleas will lw planted or the old
one trimmed , perhaps teps made so
ill" from door may be entered ami i.-
it too much to suggest that a coat or
two of paint would add live times the
i--t to the M-Uiug alue of the house'.'
And it money alue doubled, how much
j;re;-tter will be increased tho.e values
which an- iiiei.snred by the sense ol
pleasure and ol pride in the home, the
esthetic eiijoment and moral uplift
and all the oih r comforts and joys
which tioop v.illi beau: and a culti
.ited taste! Then the Iroiit feme
would have to be straightened up or
taken down -lit the improvements
once begin and keep going on and it
Mill not be long before old passers-ov
will have to look the second time to
locate themselves, and newe.imers will
s,ay. "What a pretty place; wonder it
it conl be bought?"
The tanner cannot be too well in
formed relative to the advanced theo
ries in modern agriculture, but it is
oiually impoitant that tho..e which
piove to be unprofitable can be
promptly discarded. Keep informed
and make no mistakes. Results are
what count. Keep in touch with the
state experiment stations, especially in
the matter of procuring pure seed fioni
them.
ALL ROUND BUTTERMAKERS.
If a butter maker is to accomplish
the gieate'st good for his creamery anil
win an enviable reputation among bis
patrons, he cannot be altogether a
specialist. He cannot devote all his
energy to an effort to get bis butter
to score one point higher, but must
use some of bis energv in furnishing
his patrons fnsi class pasteurized skim
milk. He must be an expert in run
ning the sepaiators. for one point lost
in skimping amounts to more than one
point lost on score. He must be a
caret ul fireman and a careful machin
ist, for waste in fuel and extras are
an absolute loss, while it is lamentable
but true that, under present condi
tions, butter that scores 1U brings but
little if any more than butter that
score's 1M. IK must be a good-natuted
critie but not a crank, who can re
tuse iinwholcoine milk without giv
ing offense. Deliver us from the one
.ied fault-finder and chronic grumbler
and give us the broad-gauged all
rouud, general purpose buttermaker.
if Portland cement can be bought
at S3 per barrel it is as cheap as
I'kiak and timbers for stable floors,
and far more durable and economical
ot manure. Besiitos it permits giva'er
cleanliness and leaves no place tor
geneiat:on ol ammonia.
WARM WATER FOR COWS.
It. has long been known that the
more water a ejow drinks the more
raiik she will give, but it is not gener
ally known that the cow will give
much more milk if she drinks water
at 75 r.earees tbr.r. at 32 to 33 degrees.
This is ibe only legitimate way to
water milk, and milk sillers should
il'inember it :ias to warm water for
milk cons, in winter.
' Y.'lien it man finds that he is not
raising mere than iwemy-five bushels
of corn to the acre, there is a chance
For hini to do a whole lot of studying
and investigating. Gcod job for the
winter season.
SWINE NOTE.
Keep the fall litters growing. When
they cease to gain they are at a loss.
Maintenance alone with a young ani
mal will never do. He is anxious to
grow and gain in value if he has the
opportunity.
The bottom of the manger needs
light at least twice a. week.
A BIT CF HISTORY.
It seems remarkable that a forage
plant thai nas been cultivated since
the first twilight of civilization should
be so little known in the South. It
was a familiar plant to the Egyptians.
Modes. Assyrians, Persians. Greeks
and Romans and no doubt grew on
the plains of Mesopotamia and sup
plied herbage to the Hocks of Nebu
chadnezzar. It has been long known
in France and Italy under the name of
lucerne. The Moors introduced it into
Spain in the eighth century, and called
it by its Arabian name, alfalfa (best
Mud of fodder). The Spaniards tcok
it to South America; from Chile it was
carried to California in 1833, and from
thence eastward to the Mississippi
rver and to the regions beyond. It
was brought from Europe to New York
as eaily as 1S.", but it did not give
satisfaction, and its cultivation was
piactically abandoned.
Alfalfa is a leguminous plant akin,
hotauically. to clover and eowpcas, and
it has the power of assimilating ni
trogen I mm the atmosphere throgh
tubercles on its roots, and so improves
tiie soil noon which it grows. Unlike
ciovei and cowpeas. it is a perennial
plant, and will grow for many years
upon lh same land without resveding.
Clover is a biennial, and must be re
..ijvvu alter two crops' have been pro
iured. The cowpea is an annual. The
great advantages which altalta pos
sesses over any other forage plant is
the number of cuttings that it will
bear every year anil als its perma
nency. tlenerally the most desirable situa
tion lor the glowing of alfalfa is a
well-drained r.ver or creek Ixittom,
high enough to escape overflows.
Stani.ing water is fatal to the alfalfa
plant, and it will prove tatal if the
water table under the plant rises to
within a few inches of the surface.
Any soil thai will produce a good crop
of corn will grow altalta. provided al
ways that it is not subject to inunda
tions. Alter all. if it can be shown that the
thinner soils of the south may be
made to grow successfully this valu
able plant, it will l.e a gain vvoith
millions of uollais to our Southern
States.
There would no doubt be much more
( orn fdder saved wire it not for the
1 1 .111 lilt - in loading and unloading the
heavy stalks. To avoid this, have a
long panic tiuilt tor ui:r waon. with
a solid ll.io'- Th"n put the front
v.heilson limit ales. This will cause
the rear end of the Irame to icaeh
ni ally to the gioiiud. and the loaders
ean step 011 it and vvalu forward with
their arms full. Begin loading in front
and load bael ward.
TO MAKE HENS LAY IN WINTER.
In planning the winter campaign
with the hens, the first consideration
is the poult rv house. Examine it eare
tully; give 11 a thorough ek'aning and
whitewashing and e-arelully batten all
cracks to keep out the cold. In some
cases it is a good plan lo bank up the
building wiih earth for a height ol two
or three leet.
f'over the floor with straw or chaff
which should be renewed at least once
a week. This covering is for two ptir-poses--to
keep the hens' feet warm
and to I'urnisii exercise by making
them scratch for their grain, which
should be scattered in the straw.
For the morning teed give the hens
a mash made of a mixture ot bran,
shorts and corn meal, chopped clover
hay and a little condition powder in
the form of red pepper. This should
all be stirred up with enough hot
water to make a thick, crumbly mass.
It is a good plan to put in a handful
of bioken plaste-r for every ten hens.
If you have no broken plaster make
mortar the same as lor mason work
and let it harden, then break it up.
dive the hens only as much of this
mash as they will e'at up clean in a
short time.
At noon give them some cabbage,
beets or turnips or any kind of green
food to keep them busy. Fe'ed them
their grain (wheat or oats) toward
evening and let them scratch in the
straw for it. Vary their feed once in
a while by cleaning out the horses'
manger and giving the' chaff to the
hens to scratch over.
ltuy your trees of the nearest reli
aiile nurseryman. Then, if the varie
ties do not prove true to name, or if
j the tree's are not what they were rep
resented to be. you can take him to
task and he will do the best tie can to
make it right. I have known men to
buy. through an agent. trees from a
nursery several hundred miles away,
when the'y coald go into a nursery
within a few mitos and pick out trees
of the varieties then- wanted. Of
course their high e'xpe'etations were
not realized, and nurserymen, the in
nocent as well as the guilty, are given
all the blame. Mistakes will happen
in the nursery business, as in all oth
ers, but there are honest men in the
uurseiy business, just as there are in
all others, and by exercising a little
care and caution you may find them,
ami you are pretty sure to get what
vou order.
THE HORSE.
A horse in poor condition recently
refused to nut on an ounce of fiesh
with usual feeding until some steamed
cracked corn anil a cup of molasses
j vvre added to his diet. The corn and
nclasses were given twice each day
in a.ti'.ition to his oats.
Another hoise. aged, was running
cown or. crushed oats, and when a
cup ot molasses was added with iach
feeding he bogan zx once to pick up in
fiesh and energy.
In feeding a run-down horse, atten
tion must be ; aid to the palatability of
the fcod. That which he eats with a
relish will usually benefit him more
than food he does not care for.
Molasses seems to have a bene5cial
effect on the digestion; it is economi
cal and well worth a trial.
Never put a cow in a damp, dark
stable. She must have some light
and pure air and comfort or you will
be the loser.
Don't forget the meadow stubble
when looking for a place to put the
manure.
CUR NATIVE APPLE.
Almost every section of the United
States has some peculiar flowering
tree or shrub that is its especial pride
and glory. Throughout the upper Mis
sissippi valley there is nothing that
can compare in exquisite beauty and
fragrance with our common wild crab.
This tree, botanically known as Pyrus
coronaria. has its eastern limits on the
western boundary of New York, but
grows in greatest numbers and reaches
greatest perfection in the states along
the Father of Waters, from Minnesota
to Arkansas.
Naturally it is of spreading habit,
and when growing in the open seldom
attains a height of more than twenty
live feet, but. surrounded by other for
est growth, often towers up for more
light, to a height of thirty or forty
feet. The foliage, serrated on the mar
gins, is of a dark, glossy green on the
upper surface and in spring when the
tree is covered with its loose corymas
of large, rose-colored blossoms, from
which the most enticing but delicate
perfume is wafted, it is impossible to
imagine anything more perfectlv love
ly. As an ornament for the lawn or
shrubbery the crab apple has not been
ful:y appreciated, and as the country
is becoming more closely settled and
! wood lots cleared for cultivation and
I tin mowing and cutting of the road
I silk's committed to ignorant men. who
I do not make any distinction between
valuable and pernicious growths, there
is much danger that this beautiful
aborigine may be utterly exterminated.
It is easily transplanted and will grow
on hill or in dale singly or in groups,
and some varieties do not send up
troublesome suckers at all.
Landscape gardeners and florists, as
well as others who are interested in
the preservation of our native flora,
should jrive this matter consideration
and do their part toward preserving
and multiplying this tree tor the bene
fit of future generations.
A colt which persists in carrying its
bead to one side while being broke'n
must be pm into the bit-rig and al
lowed to wander from one to thre'e
hours in the yaid. and if nece'ssary be
driven in such a rig until broken of
ih habit of carrying to one side'. This
rig consists of lines from the bit to
ruses at turrets and stirrups, which
force him to carry his, head straight
l-irvvtird.
ADVANTAGES OF FARM LIFE.
To make a success of anything you
must believe in it. and a farm is no
exception. After carefully consider
ing the advantages and disadvantage's
of the different professions, one turns
with enthusiasm toward the farm,
with its boundle'ss opportunities for
good and its natural barriers againsi
evil.
The beauty of life is the toast mo
lested, the lessons of life are most
soundly taught, surrounded by the si
lent, yet eloquent, manifestations tif
God and nature-, such as you will find
on a farm.
In town the individual life is con-s-tantly
surrounded by a swarm of
trilling personal affairs, which added
up. sive a minus quantity for a grand
total; the home life is merged into
the club and society; the children be
long to the iKMgiilMirhood.
The inspirations of life come to us
from within when separate from the
atmosphere of others. It is the true
poetry of life when we feel ourselves
growing soul-strong by listening to
the myriad voices around us.
The seclusion afforded by rural
places is so well adapted to this soul
culture, we have it chronicled that
a single solitary stroll has been the
occasion of a deathless poem.
Knowing this, wait for no one to
point to concrete illustrations of these
truths, for their name is legion.
Appreciate the farm while you are
there, and when you leave it, if you
win or must, take with you its sun
shine and its sense. Mary B. Harper.
With the illustrious men who have
been agriculturists in mind, the farm-
1 er's occupation needs no excuse or
apology. Washington's greatest de
' light was in agricultural pursuits;
j Jefferson wished to be known as a
I farmer: Webster tcok such interest in
the business that he invented a plow.
HOME DAIRY.
If you are going to treat the butter
maker as well as you would like him
to treat you and jour fellow-creamery
patrons in a manner becoming to part
ners engaged in the same business
and having common interests, don't
begin keeping your milk in the barn
as cold weather comes. Don't keep it
in the cellar nor in the kitchen, but
keep it in water. You may think it
difficult to keep it from freezing, and
place the milk tank inside a tight box,
and so arrange the outlet as to have
the water stand a trifle above the sur
face of the milk. Make a good honest
effort for one whole winter to keep
your milk in the only proper place and
experience that satisfied feeling that
comes from doing a thing right.
Now that the season ot more leisure
on the farm is here, we want to get
the experience of farmers with refer
ence to handling soils, destroying
weeds and growing various kinds of
grains and grasses; is act. evervthing
! that pertains to cultivating land. Yv'e
I w;.: this information in order that it
j may be hel;i"ul to Gibers. We tru?t.
j th refore. that many of our raadars
j will try to gpt time to forward such
j information. It may r.ct be pos-iole
to publish it just when it reaches us,
but we will try to get it before the
public.
DAiRY AND STOCK.
Remember the pedigree speaks only
for the offspring; the animal must
speak for itself. It is what you are,
and not what your grandfather was,
that counts.
We know a man who says his boys
are not worth shucks, and there is
nobody to blame but the old man him
self. Put tVt little timid calf where It
"an get its share.
FAMOUS MASSACRES OF HISTORY
Fearful Tragedies Blot the Records of Many Nations Notable
Slaughter of Unarmed and Peaceful Citizens of Paris by
Troops Under the Command of La Fayette.
Massacres of defenseless people are
recorded in the history of many na
tions, but there are only few such oc
currences affording anything like a
real parallel to the slaughter of Rus
sian workingmen by the trtops of the
czar at St. Petersburg. Jan. 22.
In the French revolution of 1S4S
the first great uprising of wage-earners
and hence described in history
as the "first revolution brought about
by economics" a large crowd of
workingmen were fired upon in mid
summer in the streets of Paris by
tioops under the command of Gen. j
s$MCJ&fr& or
! Cavaignac. It was a fi'arful slaughter
am' the strikers and their sympathiz
ers were terimized and for the time'
subdued. The commander of the
troops. "Cav.'ignac the bloody." was
named for president of the republic,
but was overwhelmingly deflated by
Louis Napoleon, th" man whom a
coup d'etat altervvard made the em
peior ,f France.
Among the bloody itoeds perpetrat
ed in F'-ance in the days of the com
mune following the great revolution of
lTMt a foremost place in history is
given to the "massacre in the fields
of Mars." Sunday. July 17. 17.rl.
That dav a petition was to be signed
asking the national convention to ar
raign for trial the craven king. Louis
XVI.. who had fled in terror from
Paris. Humors of riot and carnage at
the place where the petition was be
ing signed, the Fie'ld of Mars. reached
Oanton. Marat. Robespierre and the
other revolutionary leaders, and I.a
Fayette was sent with troops to quell
the disturbance. Stones and mud were
thrown at the soldiers and they Hied
into the dense unarmed mass, killing
and wounding.
"The slaughter was groat, the panic
complete." says Thomas E. Watson in
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FiiV 11 BBiMl 'wwv PnwMlWIBarOnnWTv'S
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his fascinating work, "The Story of
France." Men. women and children
were killed. Not a soldier was hurt.
The crowd had no arms; it certainly
was not expecting a fight. There "may
have been guilty men on the scene,
but most of the victims were surely
innocent .There were men and wom
en, dressed in their Sunday clothes,
who had no weapons whatever on
their persons. And there were chil-
Tcok Stock Too Late.
A shy little widow, having inside in
formation as to the financial rating of
a certain widower running at large
and looked upon as an eligible parti,
resolved to marry him out of hand.
She. the widow, heard two things
viz: that he had slatl.ers of wealth
and that he was reahy pining for
some good woman to help him enjiy
it. Yes. indeed! So straightaway
this shy little widow fell madly in
love with this man. k is a pleasure
to record that her love was recipro
cated at the first glance, the more
particularly as this man. too, had
private advices which reputed the
widow as being well off. Their mar
riage was at one day's sight. No cards.
No carriages.
The very next day this widower had
conversation with his bride concern
ing her accumulations.
"It is true I am well off," she frank
ly told him. "I do wot come to you
empty-handed. I brg you 47 cents
In cold cash and the divorce papers
from ay first huslrtnd. Take them
all; t!My are yours Then, as be
dren among the slain, to whom it had
Leen a Sabbath outing. The petition
was scattered, but its leaves were
gathered up. and they are now to be
seen among the archives of France."
In the reign of terror following this
great revolution in France occurred
the so-called "September massacres,"
the victims being 3,000 prisoners con
fined in the dungeons of Paris by the
revolutionists. They comprised no
bles, priests, anti-revolutionists and
victims of private malice. The com
mune reported that the Prussians
were marching on Paris, were at the
JE(5 j&rjZTKz&OtiZ
city's gate's, and Damon secured the
passage of an ontor for the hoisting
of 1 he "black flag of death" upon the
towers of the city hall.
"l-'ven as the voice of Pant on had
echoed and recclu.ed through the
great hall of the asse.nbly." says His
torian Watsrn. "the shriek of doomed
prisoners rang wildly through the
streets. The September massacres
had begun. Some IM'u butchers were
let loose upon the hedpless men and
women huddl'td in the prisons and
told to wreak vengeance upon them.
Commissions signed by municipal ofli
ccr authorized suitable agents to hold
courts in the prisons, to deliver in-
i stant judgment and to have inime-
e'iate execution done. The prisoners
are dragged from their cells, are halt
ed for a moment before this sham
tribunal, are examined with brevitj
and are delivered over to the murder
ers, who stand ready at the door.
Heath before the dishonor of swear
ing allegiance to the terrorists was
the answer of ail heroic souls. 'Con
duct madam out,' says the judge, and
n-adnm is tod to the door, is struck,
is stabbed, is brutally beaten, till life
is gone; is hewn asunder, her head
fixed on a pike, her dripping heart
held up to the hooting mob. and the
rest is too sickening to be told.
"For three days this massacre went
on. A mere handful of wretches did
the work, tolerated by the silence of
the people, encouraged by the com
nune and not checked by the govern
ment of the terrorists.
"After the bloody work was ended
in Paris and Tallien had made his
announcement to the assembly that
came the true wife, she required of
him a schedule of his riches.
"My available assets." he confessed,
"are seven children and a chronic
case of gout. Of course. I expect to
share everything with you." Puck.
.Little Fear of Premature Eurial.
Although premature burial is ex
tremely rare, except prrhaps on the
battlefield, the possibility of such an
occurrence cannot be denied. It is
well known that, owing to this possi
bility, remote as it is. many rjtherwise
strong-minded persons have lived
under the shadow of a great fear, and
have in their wills directed payments
to be made to physicians who should
be willing to run the risk of homicide
to prevent live burial. It may safely
be said, however, that the horrors of
the accident are imaginary rather than
real. If a person in a state of trance
were to be buried while life still per
sisted in a latent state, it is scarcely
conceivable that the victim could
awake; the unconsciousness of cata
lepsy would simply deepen until it
became fixed in the dreamless sleep
of death. British Medical Journal.
'The prisons are now empty.' Marat
and Billaud issued, in the name of the
municipality of Paris, a circular letter
to other municipal bodies urging them
to imitate what had been done in
Paris. In some cities the advice was
acted upon the prisoners murdered."
In August. 1793. the commune of
Paris sent an army of tiO.000 men
against rebellious Lyons. The city,
after a prolonged siege and the en
durance of innumerable woes, was
captured. The convention decreed
that it should be utterly destroyed,
and that over its ruins should be
reared a monument with the inscrip
tion, "Lyons made war upon liberty,
end, behold! Lyons is no more!" Six
thousand of the citizens of Lyons per
ished in the massacre following the
capture of the city.
PEN PICTURE OF GEN. GRANT.
How Famous Soldier Looked in Early
Days of the War.
In Col. Clark Carr's "The Illini."
the author tells how Gen. U. S. Grant
looked in the early days of the war:
"While thus waiting I noticed a gen
tleman come down the gang plank
and approach us, seemingly for the
purpose of speaking to us. He was
of medium height, had broad and
rather rounded shoulders, auburn
hair, sandy whiskers, clear blue eyes,
a very quiet, modest expression and
appeared to be perhaps a little more
than 30 years of age He wore a
blue sack coat and blue trousers,
somewhat 'worn, but well brushed and
cared for. which I afterward learned
was the fatigue uniform of the Unit
ed States army. He was smoking a
cigar, which he removed as he came
uear us and raised his hat, but gave
us no other greeting. We soon saw
that instead of being interested in
us he was interested in Hose's Ken
tucky mare. He looked the mare over
with great interest for a considerable
time, pufliug away at his cigar, but
without speaking. Then, again re
moving his cigar and raising his hat,
he returned on board the boat."
French Politeness.
There is an agitation in France
against the flowery politeness which
winds up a letter. Frenchmen are
asking why they should write: "Ac
cept the assurance of my most distin-
1 guished sentiments and believe me
your very humble and obedient serv
ant"? It is long and abject. "Your
devoted" is considered more digni
fied, as well as concise, if the person
addresse'd be a man. Hut if one is
writing to a woman he may be flow
ery still. There is a story of Victor
Hugo, who was listening to a speech
from an old republican colleague. The
oraior addressed his audience con
stant y as "Citoyens, citioyens." At
last Hugo broke in. "I am a pretty
good republican," ho said, "but when
I address a woman t call her my sov
ereign, my queen!" The company
seems lo have taken this protest with
perfect gravity.
Age and Diplomacy.
While corporations are refusing to
employ men older than '.7 years, Jo
seph If. Choate. at the age of 7.", is
to return to the active practice of
the law in New York city, says the
New York World. There are undoubt
edly many corporations, as well as
individuals, who will be glad to avail
themselves of Mr. Choate's service's,
ee spite the fact that he is more than
twice as old as the age limit which
has been arbitrarily set by so many
employers.
Mr. Choate's successor. Whitelavv
Reid. is 07. So is Gen. Horace Por-
ter, ambassador to France. Powell
Clayton, ambassador to Mexico, is
71. Charlemagne Tower, ambassador
to Germany, is 57, the age of Hellamy
Storer, ambassador to Austria-Hungary.
R S. McCormick. ambassador
to Russia, is 55. The only American
ambassa.-ior who is not yet 50 is
Geoige Yon L. Meyor, who represents
the Republic in Rome. He is 40. John
Hay. the secretary of state, is CC.
Sheriff Believes in Publicity.
Dr. Obadiah C. Hocardus. sheriff of
Monmouth county, New Jersey, is will
ing to let the public know the amount
of his fees. According to the Ited
Bank Register Sheriff Dogardus freely
admits that his profits from the office
in HM1.) were .$15.tM,0. and that last
year he cleared up a trifle over l(i,
". Sheriff Boaardus believes that
the people are entitled to know just
what the profits of all the county of
fices are in order that proper and suit
able legislation may be taken ton
cerning them. He believes that all
the county offices should be placed
on a salary basis.
A Miner's Inch.
A miner's inch is the volume of flow
of water through a hole one inch
square through a beard one inch thick
and with the hole four inches beneath
the surface. It is about one cubic foot
in fifty seconds. In Southern Califor
nia as well as through many of the
Western states and territories the
miner's inch is the unit applied in
measuring the flow of the smaller riv
ers and streams.
The Henry Phipps Institute of Phila
delphia, which has been established
by the generous gift of a wealthy resi
dent of that city, is doing a great
work on behalf of persons suffering
from pulmonary tuberculosis or con
sumption. The physicians employed
by this institution have compiled some
excellent rules to be observed by per
sons suffering from this disease, the
careful following of which will pre
vent the extension of the disease to
others, and will greatly aid the suf
ferers to recover.
Don't spit on the sidewalk, on the
street, nor into any place where you
cannot destroy the germs which you
spit up.
Do not swallow any spit wihich
comes up from your lungs or which
comes out of the back part of your
throat.
Spit into a spit cup when it is pos
sible to do so.
Always use a spit cup with a han
dle to it so that you can hold it close
to your mouth.
When you use a china or earthen
ware spit cup always keep lye and
water in it and scald out the spit cup
once or twice a day with boiling
water.
When you use a tin spit cup with a
paper spit cup inside burn the paper
cup at least once a day and scald the
tin cup with boiling water.
Never use a handkerchief or a rag
or any material other than paper to
spit in or to wipe your mouth with.
When you cannot spit into a spit
cup, spit into a paper napkin.
Always use a paper napkin to wipe
your mouth with, after spitting, and
be careful not to soil your hands.
Always carry a cheap paper bag in
your pocket or caba to put paper nap
kins in which you have used.
. When you have used a paper nap
kin, either to spit in or to wipe your
mouth with, fold it up carefully and
put it away in the paper bag.
Every evening, before going to bed.
burn your paper bag together with
the napkins which you have deposited
in it.
If you have a mustache or beard
shave it off or crop it close.
Always wash your lips and hands
before eating or drinking, and rinse
out your mouth.
If you have a running sore take up
the matter which is given off with
absorbent cotton and burn it.
Avoid handshaking and kissing.
These customs are dangerous to you
as well as to others. They may give
others consumption: they may bring
you colds and influenzas which will
greatly aggravate your disease and
may prevent your recovery.
Do not cough if vou can help it. You
can control your cough to a great ex
tent by will power. When you cough
severely hold a paper napkin to vour
mouth so as not to throw out spit
while coughing.
Sit out of doors all :ou can. If you
have no other place to sit than the
pavement sit on the pavement in front
of your house.
Don't take any exercise when you
have a high fever.
Always sleep with your windows
open, no difference what the weather
may be.
Avoid fatigue. One single exhaust
ion may change the course of your
disease from a favorable one to an un
favorable one.
Go to bed early. If you are work
ing, lie down when you have a few
moments to spare.
Don't take any medicine unless it
has been prescribed by your physician.
Medicine may do you harm as well as
good.
Don't use alcoholic stimulants of
any kind.
Don't eat pastry or dainties. They
do not nourish you and they may up
set vour stomach.
Tako your milk and raw eggs
whether you feel like it or not.
Keep up your courage. Make a
brave fight for your life. Do what you
are told to do as though your recovery
depended upon the carrying out of
everv little detail.
Always keep in mind that consump
t'on can be cured in many cases and
that it can be prevented in all cases.
If your own disease is too far ad
vanced for you to recover, console
yourself with the idea that you can
keep those who are near and dear to
you from getting it.
Nerve Poisoning Through Indigestion.
Prof. Bouchard, the eminent French
scientist, has shown that the decompo
sition of food which often takes place
in the stomach and intestines in in
digestion gives rise to powerful poi
sons. When absorbed into the body,
these produce effects entirely similar
to those produced by strychnia, opium,
alcohol, and other poisonous drugs. If
food is retained in the stomach be
yond the normal time, either because
of its indigestibility. the taking of too
large a quantity of it. or a crippled
state of the stomach, these changes
are certain to take place.
This fact explains a very large
share of the distressing symptoms
which afflict the chronic dyspeptic.
The giddiness, the tingling sensations,
the confusion of thought, and even
partial insensibility, which are not in
frequently observed a few hours after
meals in chronic dyspeptics, are due
to this cause. Here is the explanation
of the irascibility, the despondency,
the pessimism, the indecision, and
various other forms of mental perver
sity and even moral depravity, which
nr nor infreouently associated with
certain forms of indigestion. The to-
Cardinal Gibbons a Pedestrian.
Cardinal Gibbons is a fervent ad
vocate of pede.-trianisni as a means
of prolonging life and of adding to
health and vigor. His eminence has
passed the allotted span of life, yet he
dees a ten-mile tramp almost every
dav of his life, only denying himself
when the wr-utrer is most severe. To
Baltimort ans he is a familiar sight
out for a jaunt, but strangers gener
al'v are astonished when told thar the
diminutive, somewhat shabby looking
man. without one single extrrior sign
of his dignity, is the illustrious
churchman and scholar. He usually
walks alone and it is a token of
marked favor to be invited to join in
his rambles.
Tea Growing in California.
Some of the farmers near Santa
Rosa, Cal., are experimenting with
tea growing, and their efforts seem to
be meeting with success. It is said
that there is no reason why tea should
not be grown in some sections of this
country, though the earlier South Car
olina experiment is not known to be
making great headway.
tal depravity which we often hear
talked about, is. half the time, noth
ing more nor less than total indigestion.
A Convincing Test.
In the Far East the Japanese have
won victories which have astonished
the world. They show themselves to
be more enduring, more resistant to
the effects of wounds, keener witted.
sharper in tactics, and quicker in exe
cution than their Russian antagonists.
The Jap is content with a simple diet
of rice. peas, or beans, which is quick
ly digested and converted into brawn
and brains, while the Russian must
have his meat and his vodka.
The same dietary, the same simplic
ity and naturalness in habits of life,
which give toughness of fiber and en
durance and immunity against infec
tion, afford equal advantages in fight
ing the battle of life in any dlrectioa.
The brain worker who wants to keep
his mental vision clear and desires
power to pursue his subject with un
ceasing energy, must keep his blood
clean by a pure, simple, natural diet.
The lawyer, the clergyman, the busi
ness man. the teacher, the investiga
tor, the inventor, will find the same
advantages in living in harmony with
natural principles as does the plucky
Japanese soldier, who is. for the first
time, testing his metal by a great con
test with an army of civilized men.
Alcohol vs. Long Life.
It Is very easy to prove that the in
fluence of "alcohol, as of every other
poison, is to shorten life. Dr. Willanl
Parker of New York, shows from sta
tistics that for every ten temperato
persons who die between the ages of
twentv-oiie and thirty, lifty-one intem
perate persons dto. Thus it appears
Willi IIIO Ilioriaiiij ...t... -
five hundred per ent greater than
that of temperate pVsons. These fig
ures are based on the tables useil
bv life insurance companies.
Notwithstanding the constant pro
test of both moderate and immoderate
drinkers, that alcohol does not harm
them, that it is a necessary stimulus,
a preventive of fevers, colds, consump
tion, etc.. and the assertion of certain
chemists that it is a conservative
agent, preventing waste, and so pro
longing life, the distinguished English
actuary. Mr. Nelson, has shown from
statistical data which cannot be gain
said, that while the temperate man
has at twenty years of age an aver
age chance of living forty-four anil
one-fifth vears. the drinking man has
a prospect of only fifteen and one-half
years of life. At thirty years of ag
the temperate man may expect thirty
six and one-half years more of life-,
while the dram-drinker will be pretty
certain to die in less than fourteen
vears.
On the other hand, the Hechabito
societies in England show statistics
clearly indicating that total abstinence
is in the highest degree conducive m
longevity.
Effects of Alcohol Upon Digestion.
Prof. Kochlakoff of St. Petersburg,
has experimented upon five healthy
persons, aged from twenty-one to twenty-four
years, with reference to the
effects of alcohol upon digestion. Ten
minute's before each meal, each person
was given about three ounces of alco
holic liquor, containing from live to
fifty er cent of alcohol, which is
about the proportion found in ordinary
liquors. The following results were
obtained:
"Under the influence or alcohol the
quantity of hydrochloric acid, as well
as the digestive power of the gastric
juice, is diminished. This enfeebling
of the d.igestion is especially marked
in persons unaccustomed to the use of
alcohol."
Dr. Figg of Edinburgh made the fol
lowing experiments to test the Influ
ence of alcohol upon digestion: He
fed two dogs equal quantities of roast
i-nitton. He then administered to niie?
dog. by passing a tube into the stom
ach, one and one-fourth ounces of
alcohol. Aft-T five hours both dogs
were killed and examined. The one
which had taken no alcohol was found
to have digested the meat entirely,
whereas digestion had scarcely begun
in the animal to which alcohol had,
been administered.
RECIPES.
Savory Soup Cook half a pint ot
small navy or soup beans in three
pints of water for two hours, adding
boiling water as needed. In a sepa
rate kettle place two small parsnips,
scraped and sliced, one good sized
onion cut fine, two stalks of celery
and half a can of tomatoes. Cover
well with boiling water and cook
until the vegetables are very tender:
then add the beans and press all
through a fine colmder or soup-strainer.
Return to the stove, simmer a
moment, and just before serving, stir
in slowly a cupful of hot cream r
rich milk. A can of sweet corn may
be substituted for the beans. As it.
takes less time, and may be put in
with the other vegetables, it is some
times preferred by the housewife who
is her own cook.
Nut Cheese. Take one cup of raw
peanut butter, one-half cup of corn
starch, one cup of tomato juice, and
one teaspoonful of salt. Dissolve the
nut butter and cornstarch in the to
mato juice: add salt, and beat for
five minutes. Pour into a cranite
bowl and cover and steam for four or
five hours. Dry off 'n the oven, and
when cool, slip from the bowl.
Bright Library Attendant.
A man went into the general rerd
ing room of the coagress.onal library
in Washington the oilier day to g( t
some specific data l"r a paj-r he was
writing. He told an attendant Tie
wanted to find out soroeh:r.u' about
papal :u!Is and asked i: tley ha any
re-corl of anything of the K?n He
had n"v-r been in the reining rio i
before aid did not know f 'i-n!;-tions
cf some of i:.; atter.da.-.ts. He
select'-d a desk and at c'owr.. At tlie
end of half vn hour the atfi r.-Iant re
tt.rr.ed. "I think, sir," he aid. "you
may find what you want here," anl
he laid before him an agricultural de
partment report opened at an article
on cattle.
Discovery of Pike's Peak.
Lieut. Zebulon Montgomery Pike,
an officer in the United States army,
discovered the famous peak" Not. 15.
180C. The chember of commerce of
Colorado Springs has started a move
ment to honor the one hundredth an-
niversary of this event in 190ft by a.
celebration to be participated in s by
the entire state.
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