q3'""
TV5
"-?-- "
V
ip
:;ws
55 S-55fe
It --
!.-
m
w
ii.
ti
ii
:
is-
Er!
! .
It .
It
4. ".'
ft
It f
feV.
f.'
:-
-r
If -
Ct
mi VFTFDANS 1
The End of the Week.
. It happens every Saturday, wheu all the
chorea is done ,h
An the day la restln Foneees an me
stars Is havlit fun, . ,
A-twInkllu' an' a-danoin' in the clear
" an' dUtai.t sky fh
To the mualc of the sleigh bells as they
o a-Junglin by .. lh
We have tended to our labors; all me
week we've done our best.
An' we feel that we're cntltleu to
night of honest rt; . th
An' maw has wanheil the dishes, an the
hired man's fed the stock - uhsl
Wat the week's work ain't quite finished
until sran'paw winds tne clocK.
There's no one else daVl touch it. "cause
It tak- a master hand.
An' you'd very likely break It " ou
didn't understatiu; . . . .
An' when the weights RO rlsin with a
whlrrin n' a whiz m-irt
1 alius hope that I'll grow up as tm.-iri
An' uS'Kll. quiet. 'cause the
An' '"".ffd- exeent the
branches scrapin' overhead.
We've finished up another week, an
Time has learned the lock
That shuts it out an' starts us rrcsn
when gran'naw winds the clock.
Washington Star.
The Fortune of War.
At a recent round-up of Southern
ers in New York a Georgian made
the statement that the Democratic
party furnished most of the material
in leadership which had saved the
Union. He named Frank P. Blair,
Gen. Thomas. Farnurjt and others.
He declared that it was a Southern
Democrat. Samuel Phillips Lee, who.
by keeping open the Cumberland
River by which reinforcements and
supplies were sent to the Federals,
assisted in the overthrow and defeat
of Hood's army of Confederates. For
that act. said the speaker. Congress
gave Lee a vote of thanks.
Well," replied another Southerner,
"on the other hand, a Yankee school
teacher whom I knew furnished the
South with some pretty good fight
ing material in the first years of the
Civil War. 'His name was t C.
Byrne."
"He was the graduate of a State
military school, aud was always fond
of showing the pupils what he knew.
He organized a military company of
the older classes and used to drill
the boys at recess and after school,
on the playground.
"We used broomhatulles, laths and
sticks for guns. After we had re
ceived our first lessons in falling in.
and lining up. and counting off, and
other rudimentary tactics. Byrne used
to take us out and make us jump
gullies, climb fences, charge hogs that
were running at large, and do a lot
of other things which he told us sol
diers had to do."
At one time he divided the com
pany and got up a sham fight. One
ttoy.got his leg broke, another sprain
ed an ankle and several had fist fights
to settle old grudges.
"The parents interfered and Byrne
was instructed to train the minds of
his puipls and let their legs alone.
But the boys liked Byrne's military
idea, and he used to take us out in
the woods near by and go through
his evolutions.
"Just then the Civil War broke in
upon the country and the schools and
churches in the town quit business.
"Byrne's opportunity came and he
enlisted on the Union side. He got
to be a Captain and did some act of
bravery at Wilson's Creek, where
Gen. Lyon was killed. He was on
Gen. Franz Sigel's staff at one time.
"But nearly every boy he had drill
ed enlisted in Coon Thornton's fa
mous rebel artillery company and
some of them became noted fighters
In the Southern army. In a dash that
was made in the Southwest Byrne
was captured by some of the boys he
had drilled on the old playground.
"It was not known, of course, at the
time of the capture, but afterwards
the boys went to old Pap Price and
told him the story, and Price sent
Byrne back to his command under
escort, no exchange being required.
Pap Price said to Byrne at the time:
" 'Captain, if there are any more of
your boys whom you drilled, who
haven't enlisted. I wish you would
send them through the lines. You
have saved us a good deal of trouble
with those we have.'
"I was one of the guard that es
corted Byrne back to his line, and
on our way out some of the escort
robbed a hen roost and we gave our
old teacher a dinner. He was a
good natured. clever Yankee, and he
he knew we didn't buy the chickens.
When the feed was over he said:
"Boys I taught yon how to fight,
but Pap Price taught you how to rob
a hen roost.'
"That was one of the very first
stories of the war, but so far as I
know it has never been told before.
I never knew what became of Bvrne.
I wish I did."
Cannon Ball and Toothpick.
"The Eastern newspapers," said the
Major, "are telling the story of Jacob
S. Miller of Uniontown, Pa., who re
ceived recently a war relic of great
personal interest At the battle of
Peach Tree Creek. July 21. 1864, Mil
ler was wounded in the shoulder. To
save the arm. Dr. Norman S. Teal of
KeadallvHle. Ind.. removed a piece of
the bone three inches in length. The
operation was performed at night,
with no light except that from a
torch, the surgeon disjoining the shat
tered bone at the shoulder and sawing
it off below the wound. Dr. Teal kept
the piece' of bone until he died, when
it was returned to Miller."
"This story reminded me of a relic
I saw the other day. It was a slender
toothpick of hickory, coated with
blood and rust, but it had a history.
In one of the battles of the war a
good-sized hickory tree, cut down or
shot down, fell in a way to leave
the tranks resting on a high stump.
from which projected a cluster of fine
splinters. - One of the boys climbed
up and cut off a number of splinters
for toothpicks and. seating himself
on the tree trunk still attached to
the stump, cut a-splinter to his liking.
and nonchalantly proceeded to use it.
toothpick fashion.
"While the splinter was in his
myith and he was discussing the
tiVestion whether the rebs could see
him or not, a cannon ball struck the
tree trunk oa which he was sitting,
not more than five feet from him, and
ho fell backward to the ground. He
was in great pain, and insisted that
a ballet had struck him in the breast
There were no breaks in the skin and
bo bruise, and the boys laughed him
oat of the cotton that he had been
hit by a bullet From that time, how
ever. Blake began to fail. He com
plaiaed of pain in the lungs and
ceghed so incessantly that he was
ezcaaed from daty
The general impression was that
Blake had consumption and in the
course of six mouths be was sent
home. There was little change In his
conditiou for years, but one night,
in rescuing one of his children from
a burning house, he brought on' a
violent spasm of coughing and a hem
orrhage from the lungs. While the
physician. was watching him closely
blake coughed up the toothpick which
he had in his mouth when he was
knocked off the hickory tree in 1863.
"The slender bit of wood had been
drawn down the bronchial tubes into
the lung tissue, and had become im
bedded in a way to produce great ir
ritation and suffering. After its re
moval the physicians having a clew
to the cause of the trouble, could
treat the case more intelligently, and
Blake gradually recovered his health
and strength. He saved the blood
stained toothpick as a memento of his
misadventure in battle, and he says
it has a keener interest for him than
any other war relic in his collection."
Chicago Inter Ocean.
The First "Old Glory."
The following clipping is from my
scrapbook of 1898. says a New York
Sun correspondent:
"Old Glory," the first flag to be
known by that term, is oa public ex
hibition at the rooms of the Essex
Iustitute. Salem, it being the old ban
ner which Capt William Driver hoist
ed over the capital at Nashville,
Tenn.. after the city had been cap
tured by the Federal troops in 1862.
Capt. Driver was living in Nashville
when the Rebellion broke out and im
mediately after the beginning of the
war took this flag, which was present
ed to him by the American residents
in foreign parts, and sewed it In a
quilt, which he put on his bed until
the city was taken by the Union
troops when he hoisted It over the
capitol. and where he spoke with
pride of it as "Old Glory." After
ward the flag was carried by the
Eighth Ohio regiment, and, after the
wur came iuto the possession of the
late R. A. McKensie of this city. A
few mouths ago the Y. M. C. A. re
quested the loan of the flag for ex
hibition at Nashville, but it was con
sidered too precious to be taken from
the Essex Institute building. The flag
is 33x19 feet Boston Transcript.
Capt. Driver was an old sailor. In
my young manhood, while a tesident
of Nashville. I knew and revered him
for his sterling character.
R. T. SPILLERS.
"Old Glory" was a nickname applied
to Sir Francis Burdctt at the time
of his fight for the freedom or public
pcech in England, alniut 1810. It
has also been applied to the Union
Jack. But the above is the earliest
record we have seen of its application
to the Stars and Stripes.
Would Know Who Saved His Life.
J. L. Caldwell, who aspires to be
United States Senator from West Vir
ginia, and may land ou the guberna
torial ticket, being in Washington this
week, cut the trail of Col. O. A. Janes,
pension agent in Detroit. Both came
to the capital on business mpre or
less political, but happened, in the
course of their meeting, to hit upon an
incident of the battle of Weldon Rail
road. Each fought there. Mr. Cald
well in an Ohio regiment and Col.
Janes in a Michigan regiment.
There was a lively little hand-to-hand
encounter at Weldon Railroad,
where bayonet thrusts and clubbed
muskets sent many a brave lad to his
reward. Mr. Caldwell saw one of the
murderous blades coming his way,
backed by a muscular soldier in gray.
At that very moment the butt of a
Michigan infantryman's musket de
scended. The soldier in gray fell to
the bloody earth.
"It was the work of a fraction of a
second," said Mr. Caldwell. "I never
had a closer call in my life. But in
the thick of the fray I did not learn
the name of my preserver, and never
had the chance even to thank him."
Col. Janes has promised to inquire
far and wide. and. if possible, inform
Mr. Caldwell who the soldier was that
rescued him. Washington Post.
Confederate Flag in Maine Capitol.
There was a touching incident In
connection with the visit to Augusta
last week of Lieut John W. Gulick
of the Artillery Corps, stationed at
Fort Williams. Lieut. Gulick read a
paper before the school of instruction,
and while looking over the capitol
came across the case in the private
otnee of Adj-Gen. Richards, which con
tained a dozen or more tattered and
faded battle flags of Confederate regi
ments, captured by Maine troops dur
ing the civil war. Lieut Gulick is a
North Carolina boy and one of the flags
upon which his -eyes fell was that of
the Seventh North Carolina Regiment,
under which his father had fought
and suffered wounds in the cause of
the South. The flag in question fell
into the hands of the Fifth Maine Vol
unteers through- the fortunes of war
at Rappahannock station. Lewiston
Journal.
Controversy Over Flags.
Gen. J. Madison Drake, widely
known as the commander of the Vet
eran Zouaves of Elizabeth, N. J., has
in his possession a flag which was
carried by Company C of the Third
New Jersey Volunteers, and which is
said to have been the first Union flag
unfurled in Virginia after the break
ing out of the civil war. This flag
has lieen offered by Gen. Drake to the
State of New Jersey, and Gov. Mur
phy has agreed to accept it on behalf
of the State. A protest, however, has
been made by Aaron Wilkes Post.
No. 23. G. A. R.. of Trenton, which
asserts that it has a flag that was
the first to be taken across the Long
Bridge, that it was carried by Com
pany A of the Third New Jersey, and
that it only is entitled to the honor.
Enlisted at Age ef CO.
Calen Thorpe, who has just died
at Millersburg. Ohio, enlisted in the
union amy at the age of 60. He lived
to be 103 and his widow is 101.
Thirty-eeven Years in Harness.
The Kezar Falls, Me., baryta
ground society have for thirty-seven'
years in succession chosen Thomas
C. Randall clerk of the society. They
would not hear his excuses, this yea..
although he is almost 87 years of
age.
Reduces Military Service.
The French two years' military
service bill will soon become a law.
Already agitation has begun for eigh
teen months' military service.
y ? Bw.-Sar TBdB?
'.daBBaHLrdBUBT mtrnm Jbbbbbbbbkbbbw
LaBBBBBBBBBBBBB aBlHarBBBBBBBBB?
ayJaiCBBBBBgaBBBifaa'
Too Rich Soil Detrimental,
la the;growfh of all plants that
form farm crops there seem to be two
processes that govern the Increase;
and the understanding ot the prin
cipled of these will. I think, help ay
Termer and every farmer to 'form ro
tations for himself that will' be ex
.eediBgly valuable; whilst without aa
understanding of these principles he
will be always groping in the dark af
ter the beet methoos, says Prof. J. J.
Robertson of Canada. In the growth
jf plants one set of conditions make
:or increase in the size of the roots
ind the stems and the leaves. These
re the vegetative part the part of a
.ilant that perishes utterly when the
plant dies. There is another part of
he plant that does not perish when
the growth ends, viz., the seed that
arries the life over to the next crop.
The conditions which make for the
nlargement of the roots and the
tems and the leaves, do not make for
ncreasod production of seeds. That
-s to say, the conditions most favor
.ble to the vegetable processes of the
jlant are not favorable to the matur
;ng processes, but are almost the oppo
site. If you will allow me a parenthe
sis: The understanding of that prin
ciple, with the selection of seeds, will
Jo more to improve farming than any
thing else I know of in regard to agri
culture. The set of conditions favor
able for continued increase in size of
root and size of stem and size ot leaf
do not make for increase in the quan
tity ol seeds, but rather for the oppo
site. The extension ot the vegetative
stages of development the formation
of roots, stems and leaves is at the
expense of the development of the
productive parts the seeds. Take the
instance of a bunch of oats growing in
a dung hill; what happens? A very
large root, a grossly large stem, broad
long leaves, and very, very, very few
seeds in the head. That is to say. the
conditions that make for the con
tinued enlargement of the root, .'the
increase of the stem, and extension of
the leaf do not inak? for an increase
in number and weight of the seeds.
That is an extreme case, but it re
veals a principle. Now, take another
sec of extreme conditions, where a
plant can grow only with difficulty,
either in root or stem or leaf, look
on a bare roadside, where a small
grass plant tries to form seeds when
only three or four inches high; then
count the percentage of weight of the
whole plant made up of the seeds; and
you have a revelation on the other
side. The conditions that make it dif
ficult for a plant to grow a larger root
and a larger stem and larger leave?
after the time of ripening has come,
make for the increase of the number
of seeds and- the increase of the pro
portion of weight they bear to that of
the whole plant Of course, the con
ditions that make for the increase of
size of root and size of stalk and size
of leaf up to a certain point also make
for the increase of seeds; because the
seeds are formed out of what-, the
plant takes In, through Us leaves and
roots. But when there is aa excess of
available plant food in the soil, only
late in the growing and maturing pe
riod of the phut, that may prevent
seeds from forming plentifully and
ripening thoroughly. That is what
happens frequently when farmyard
manure is ploughed in, In the spring,
for a grain crop.
Hay Crop of 1903.
Below we publish by states and ter
ritories the figures on the hay crop
of 1903, as compiled by the United
States Department of Agriculture:
Ijmjta
Ot,SK
anliit
4B.BW
mmm
4M3.M
S.f72.X
M.SM
9H.M1
MM
x.ex
aj
mjm
vt.ru
M.SO
t.SH
.7BJ
4M.ZB.
.
:S
2.ZU.SB
i.isMa
S.7NJSI
lv7S4t7M
mjm
S.3.M
um.m
m.nt
Mt.rw
MB.M2
xmItos
ea.m
5:2
utjm
M2.SK
SI7.MS
HJ.17S
SM.Mf
H.tm
l.M
1JS
i-sr
i.u
xm
M
XM
XM
XM
XM
XM
1M
XM
1.7T
XM
s.
XM
XM
XM
XM
XM
XM
XM
XM
XM
XM
XM
XM
XM
XM
XM
l'.M
SJS
3.M
SJS
XMWMX
s.snjit
4.7tfS
S.SS.M
S77j8
ram
Off.
snjn
Hew Mexico.
M
M
S.tt
3JK
Ml
9M
tM
XM
XM
1.BW.1
MS.BW
fTTMN
l.MtJBt
KM
XM
Long-Established Herds.
Live stock breeders that have vis
ited the British Islands declare that
there are to be found the finest herds
ot cattle in the world. They attribute
this to the fact that many of thei
herds were established generations
ago and have been handed down from
father to son. The result of such a
condition is that the breeder can fol
low for a lifetime a certain ideal in
breeding and his son can use the
same ideal in the development of the
herd. This advantage has been fully
realized by the British stockman, and
it is the cause of our continual de
pendence on him for our types. After
a generation of importing and breed
lag, the Americans still go to the
British Islands for fine animals ot all
breeds.
The tendency in this country Is not
toward permanent herds, though such
exist here and there. We have no set
tled policy in this matter. A man
takes a herd, runs it as long as suits
his interests or fancy, and then ar
ranges for a dispersion sale. Time
alone can change this condition, and
it will take generations yet to build
up herds that will become famous for
long-time systematic breeding on the
best lines.
Feeding Breedfhg Pigs.
Pigs that are to be used for breed
ing shomld be kept separate front those
taat are to be prepared for market,
at least, after the first few years of
their lives. Care must he taken to
give a well-bateaosd ration, which will
give. a good muscmlar derelopsieat
and will at the same time give eaoagh
carbon ia varioas forms' to keep np
the energy ot the body. They should
hare a ration that Is largely vegetable
and therefore balky. Some grata
sbobM be given, bat not eaoagh to
reader the whale ration too concentrated.
nrajt
Sfi
""T-
' 2ETr" BBBBn"V--"-
Points on MeUn Growing.
During the past -two years 1 have
been making a study ot muskmelons
and have been growing a good many
varieties. I like best of all what is
called Beck's Strawberry muskmelon.
which. I bear, originated ia Weetera
Illinois, it is one of those kinds of
melons that you can giveto a man
that says he does not like muskmel
ons and will make him change his
mind. Then, too, this melon holds
up well in quality; that is, the late
grown melons are of good quality, as
well as the first ones borne by the
vines. It is not a small melon not a
basket melon but weighs from four
to Ivs pounds on an average. They
will average as large as the Osage.
bat are of different shape.
With this melon I believe a man
could work up a good local market,
but it might not take in Chicago, be
cause it is not known. A melon to
sell well there must be ot a known
type, the same as everything else.
This is illustrated, by the trouble the
gem melon had to get into the market
While it was unknown it sold very
slowly. When the first lot of gem
melons came to Chicago the commis
sion man that received them said:
"What won't they send to Chicago
next?" But when the people had ob
tained a taste of gem melcus the com
mission men changed their minds. ,
We sow the seed in the open field,
though there are some gardeners that
sow the seeds on inverted sod, and
then transplant them to the open
ground. But I do not do that I
plant a considerable number of seeds
in each hill and then thin to ihree or
four plants in a hill. The hills are
six feet apart each way. That makes
It possible for us to cultivate each
way, which we do till the vines get
so big that they cover the ground
and interfere with the work of the cul
tivator. We could, of course, push
the vines along in one row and so
keep cultivating one way; but we do
not do it
The time of this open field plant
ing of the seed is about the middle of
May In Champaign. We always use
barnyard manure and sometimes sup
plement it with other fertilizer. When
any such is used it Is some form of
phosphorus.
We do not raise our own melon
seed, for it would be impossible to
keep any one variety pure when so
many varieties are being grown in
proximity. So we get the seed fresh
each year. There are several seed
houses that sell the seeds of Beck's
Strawberry. The firms that produce
it grow it in such quantities that
mixing of seed is practically impos
sible. Jobn W. Lloyd,
University of Illinois.
Making a Hotbed.
Please give plans and directions
for making and handling a hotbed, to
be used for starting and handling
early vegetables and sweet potato
plants for the home gardens.
t M. E. H.
The making of hotbeds is not a dif
ficult matter. It Is only necessary to
keep in mind a few main principles.
The part of the bed to the north
should be higher than the part on the
southern side, to give the sunshine
a chance to get in. The frames used
may be of any size that will handle
easily and should, of course, swing
from the higher point of the bed.
Some men use boards two feet high
on the higher side of the bed and a
foot high on the lower side. This
gives a good slant The boards on
the east and west sides must of
course, be made to slope from back
to front
The heat for these beds is msually
horse manure ia a state ot fermenta
tion. It Is quite important to have
the manure uniform in texture and of
about the same age that the fer
mentation may be equal in all parts
of the bed. From one-third to one
half of the manure may consist of
straw that-has been used for bedding.
If manure is very dense It will not
heat well, and it should have straw
mixed with it
The pit under the frame should be
about a foot wider than the frame
and about two feet deep. First, a
layer of some coarse material is put
in to keep the manure from the
ground. Above this is piled about
twenty inches of manure. Above this
some leaf mold (if It can be obtained)
and then five or six Inches of garden
loam, in which the plants are to be
grown.
The seeds should not be sown
while the heat of the fermentation is
great A thermometer should be
thrust into the soil, and when the
temperature is seen to be falling and
has dropped to 90 degrees, seeds of
tomatoes should be sown. When the
heat drops to 80 and 70 degrees, such
seeds as lettuce and radish may be
sown.
Adaptability of Apples.
Unless varieties are adapted to the
climate, the soil, the location, to the
exposure and to the markets, we plant
in vain and our results are naught
This study of adaptability is a study
that can reach conclusions only by
actual experience. Many, many sad
blunders have been made by reason
ing out results, when reasoning was
hot what was needed, but experience
could be the only guide. It is well,
then, for us to make the experience
of others serve as our own. Do not
stop to experiment where others have
already, but accept their conclusions
and profit by them. If a variety is at
its best in one .locality, like the Alber
marie Pippin in Virginia, the Fame
use iu Canada, the Gravenstein in
Nova Scotia, the Baldwin in New'
York, the Wealthy in Minnesota, the
Jonathan in. Central Missouri, or the
Gano and Ben Davis in the Ozark
Mountains, then "we should abide, by
this decision and profit thereby. But
the fact that one variety does best
in one part of our orchard and an
other variety in another part demands
our closest attention and study, so
we want to watch for these variations
and note why they are so, seeing f
we cannot draw valuable and accur
ate conclusions from the same. L. A.
Goodman.
A Juvenile Diana.
According to Salt Lake dispatches
Miss Teesle Edwards, a 12-year-old
girl ot Clark's Ford, while out banting
jackrabblts with a rifle encountered
a mountain lion, which attacked her
aad which she succeeded a mng
after irlag three shots a it The
lloa peasnred eleven feet.
True Company DcBeslts.
Trust company deposits now
amount to over Sl.500.000.00v. This
is an increase of $1,000,000,000 in the
last five yean.
POUIJISlJ
'l
1'X
1
Buying an Incubator.
From Farmers' Review: Maay per
sons who are planninglo eagage more
extensively in the poultry beelaees
are now studying the" advisability ot
buying an incubator. ; That poultry
may be more profitably' reared by
artificial means than by natural meth
ods is now well kaowaaad aalversally
acknowledged, and rare ladeed Is the
interested poultry keeper who does
not desire to own one ot these popular
machines. But whiles their first cost
is, of course, considerable, and to
many seems prohibitive, it is la tact
not excessive, compared with the cost
ot other special lines ot machinery.
The poultry Income- oa any tarsi
v.-here this particular branch receives
anything llkeNthe attention it deserves
is from one to three hundred dollars
per year, and what ether article ot
convenience which will so greatly
facilitate the work ia other lines ot
tarm industries caa be bought tor less
than the cost of a first-class Incuba
tor? And what other machine is there
which may be made to return a great
er profit on the investment?'
But the tact that a much larger
number of fowls may be hatched and
reared with an incubator and brooder
is not their only advantage. la truth
this is one of their least, since by
their ase it is practicable to control
the season as well as 'the qaaatity ot
the poultry output Not ot fowls alone
but eggs as well, since the age ot the
pullets more perhaps than aay other
one consideration determines their
first laying season. Bat this is not alL
The young poultry may be reared at
a time when other farm work Is not
pressing and the cockerels and other
culls sold at aa early age for far more
than could be obtained for mature
birds a few weeks later. Then, too.
these early reared chicks are lest lia
ble to be aaUcted with lice, or sab
jected to the depredations ot rats,
hawks and other summer enemies.
As to the kind or particular make
of incubator, there is' perhaps much
less choice than manufacturers them
selves would lead us to believe. AH
claim, and of course aim, to employ
the best methods ot obtaining the de
sired results, and in this day of sharp
competition are as anxious to make,
as we are to buy, only first-class ma
chines. Almost all manufacturers,
however, to meet the demands of all
classes of customers, make several dif
ferent grades of both incubators aad
brooders, of varying prices. While
each and all are undoubtedly as good
as could be produced -for the money
asked, those of like capacity for which
the largest price is demanded have
no doubt cost the most to produce and
are intended to be tae best machines.
This fact should be borne in mind by
prospective purchasers.
In regard to the size or capacity ot
machine best adapted, to the require
ments of the ordinary poultry raiser,
would say that this matter should be
decided without regard to the differ
ence in price between those of the
larger and smaller sizes. Right here
many a buyer has made a serious -mistake,
which is keenly 'regretted later
on. It Is almost as easy to rear a
large hatch as a smalt one, aad there
is this advantage chicks all of one
age may be fed and cared for ia the
same' manner and at :the same time,
and later marketed and managed more
conveniently, while with maay small
flocks on hands at once, and of vary
Ing ages, it becomes impossible to
give each the special care required
without separate yards and buildings.
On the other hand there is a limit to
the size which the smaller poultry
raisers can use to advantage. Those
extra large sixes are In reality special
purpose machines and are manufac
tured to meet the requirements ot
specialists who make poultry raising
n exclusive business. Those who ea
gage in it as a side issue seldom keep
or plan to raise a very large flock, so
do not have a sufficient number of
brooders and other accessories to suc
cessfully care for three or four hun
dred chicks at one time. All things
considered the two hundred egg size
is the best machine for general par
poses. While all companies wlw manufac
ture incubators also make brooders,
and usually offer some, reduction in
price on both ordered together, as a
matter ot fact there is more difference
in make and quality ot the brooders
offered by different companies than
there is in their Incubators,--This is
possibly because the requirements of
incubating eggs are fewer and easier
met than are those of the living
chicks. At any rate I selected my la
cubator almost without hesitation,
while I studied catalogues extensively
and corresponded with 'many differeat
manufacturers before deciding on the
make of brooder to be ."used with It
The one selected has many apparent
advantages,, being what Is called an
outdoor brooder. This brooder will
not be used outside in' cold weather,
although recommended for such use.
It is really two separate brooders,
which may be connected or not as
desired. . One is designed for alght
use aad the other for a daytime ex
tension. One of the features which
recommend it to thoughtful people Is
the double floor aad moderate bottom
heat under the" hover. With this two
others of simpler aad less -expensive
makes are used in warmer weather
and for the older chicks.
Although many specialists have had
their incubators In operatloa for some
weeks past, this fact ought aot to
induce those who are inexperienced
in winter chick rearing to make undue
haste to start their .new machines.
The first of March Is early enough for
the first experiment and will give
the amateur eaoagh to do to success
fully rear chicks hatched after that
time, for, evea it the weather is com
paratively warm, it is ao sstall under
taking to properly care for such moth
erless young.
. But although a qew incubator is not
to be ased for a time yet it should be
ordered how without delay. There
are several good reasons why It might
prove advantageous to order early. All
companies, of coarse, have at this
season several carloads ahead with
which to meet their spring depaad,
but even then they are liable to run
short, and orders mast await the man
qfaeturers' ability to fill them. These
rushed orders are apt to be lens con
sdentionsly filled haa those which
came ia earlier. By gettiag the ma
chiae early, all possibility ot having
to wait for it after it Is needed Is
thereby avoided. Millie Heaaker.
Bumble Feet,
Bambte foot Is an enlargement of
the feet ef fowls, aad ia generally
caused by bruises due to the fowls
alighting heavily when they, f y down
from their perches. The troable oc
curs most freqneatly with heavy
btrda. which Mnorallv-lkairci nnnr caw.
era ,of light, when their weight is
compared-to that ot their wing power.
The lighter fowls, having more lying
power, light easily, aad: their feet are
not braised. When heavy fowls are
permitted to perch high, it is a com
mon thing to see them come down
from their roosts, light on their feet
and tumble over. TheallghtiBgtsoftea
accompanied by a hard' thump. This
Is the nrevalliag cause of bumble foot.
The renalts ot such bruises are swell
ings in which pas develops. It these
swellings are lanced and the pus
escapes, the feet regala their normal
size. If the pas is not permitted to
escape it ultimately forms a cheesy
mass aad the enlargement Is perms
aeat The way to prevent bumble
foot is to place- the roosts low aad
have the floor covered with litter.
This makes it possible for the fowls
to come dowa off the roosts without
sustaining bruises.
Black Spanish.
The Buck Spanish is one of the old
est varieties of domestic poultry.
Their name has been identified with
the Industry for hundreds of years
aad their practical worth on the farm
has long been of much value. Their
haughty bearing, large red comb and
wattles and the white face and lobes
peculiar to the breed, contrasting with
their glossy black plumage, render
them most striking fowls. White-faced
Black Spaaish have long been favor
ably known for their exceptionally
fine laying qualities.
Nates on English Farming.
President Mills ot the Ontario Agri-
1 cultural College recently made a tour
of observation through Great Britain.
Comparing those countries with Can
ada he says:
For the most part, the country dis
tricts of Great Britain and Ireland
have an orderly, finished look, due, no
doubt, In large measure to the lack of
stumps, stones and wooden fences.
The fields, generally small in Ireland,
and rather large In England and Scot
land are separated from one another
and from the highways, usually by
green hedges, but not Infrequently by
neatly-built dikes, or stone fences. A
Canadian who has taken note of this
feature of the old country landscape
cannot but feel ashamed of the un
sightly, crooked, tumble-down fences
to be seen in so many parts of this
province, and it is to be hoped that
the coming generation of farmers in
this country will make an effort to
improve the appearance and increase
the value of their farms by straight
ening and improving their fences and
removing all stones from cultivated
fields, especially the piles which have
been ploughed around, harrowed
around, mowed around and reaped
around for thirty or forty years. Let
the owners haul them away in win
ter, or some other slack time, and put
them together in a neat pile in the
woods or some other out-of-tlie-waj
place.
As a rule, the land in these old
countries is well tilled, and there are
not nearly so many weeds as In most
parts of this country. There are, of
course, evidences of neglect to be ob
served here and there, but not
luxuriant crops of wild mustard and
other pests, such are to be seen near
our college and elsewhere in well
known sections of Ontario. No doubt,
the rapid spread of weeds in this and
other provinces of the Dominion is
due, not only to poor cultivation and
carelessness in the selecting of seed,
but to the fact that so many devote
their attention almost wholly to" grain
growing, with but little stock-raising,
and only occasional seeding with
clover. It Is now generally admitted
that stock-feeding and frequent seed
ing with red clover are essential, not
only to keep, land in good heart and
enable it to withstand drought, but to
keep it clean as well.
First Factor in Milk Keeping.
Which is the more important factor
in the keeping of milk, temperature
or cleanliness? That is a question
that has frequently came to the mind
of the dairyman. In an attempt to
answer It, Prof. Conn says: Hitherto
In devising regulations for dairying,
the chief emphasis has been placed
upon cleanliness in the dairy; end
numerous rules and suggestions have
been given looking toward protecting
the milk from contamination with
filth-laden bacteria and thus preserv
ing it from their action. There is no
question that all of these directions
are of the greatest importance for the
production of a satisfactory type of
milk, and too much emphasis cannot
be placed upon them. Too little em
phasis, however, has been given hith
erto to the matter of temperature. A
sample of milk which Is obtained un
der conditions that are not ideal will
contain at the outset a large number
of bacteria, while a second sample
obtained under the best conditions
will contain only a small number. If
the first is cooled at once and pre
served at a temperature of 40 degrees,
while the second, not so thoroughly
cooled, is kept at 60 to 70 degrees, at
the end of forty hours the sample that
contained the smaller number at the
outset is far the worse of the two.
The number of bacteria present in
milk after it has become 24 hours
old or more is dependent far more
upon the matter of temperature than
it is upon the original cleanliness and
care in production. The keeping of
milk is more a matter of temperature
than of cleanliness.
Plums in Servia.
gervlS is a great producer of plums.
In 1902, the last year for which we
have ststlstics, the plum crop of that
country was about 79,000,000 pounds.
A part of the plbduct is exported and
a part .made into plum brandy and
plum marmalade. The Servian plum
grower is not a scientist by any
means, and takes very poor care of
the trees that comprise his orchard,
nenerallr this consists of less than
1 2e trees. The government has taken
hold of the matter and has estao
llshed experiment stations at Cha
bats, Chonpun and Leskovaiz. An
agricultural school has also been es
tablished at Krabivo and 52 nursery
stations at different points. Expert
meats are being carried on with nu
merous varieties of plums of native
aad foreign origin, and with various
methods of checking insect and fun-
It yea have np maid, the plalaer the
taraltare the better as it is so much
easier to keep clean. Besides, a plain
ri Mrffar am mod lines Is more
dignified than a lot of macalae canr- J
ia.
Aimnmtmk
bbWbbbbbbbbbbbVbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbSb
bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbSSbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
bb9bwbbabbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
eBBBBgj" bbh3ibbbbbbbbbbBTJbhshbbbbbbbbh
mmxmmmmmmmm!mmmmmmrM.
SINEWS IN
THC
STATE AT LAHOC.
Citizeas ot Beatrice will ask the
Barllagtoa road to give them sx new
uepot
The bridge over the Republicaa riv
er at Superior was badly damaged by
an ice gorge.
Claud Carpenter Is in jail at Beat-'
rice for thirty days for stealing a
meerschaum pipe.
Some of the sheep feeders ia Dodge
coaaty are shearlag their sheep aad
sending them to market
The ice aad high water ia the Platte
river have taken out most of the
bridges north of Keaesaw.
W. H. Platner of Omaha, a civil war
veteran, dropped dead on the streets
ot that city, a few days ago.
The county bridge across the Platte
river, about three miles from Colum
bus, was washed out by. the high wat
er and ice.
The Lincoln Implement and Trans
fer company, $40,000 capital stock, has
bled articles of incorporation with the
secretary ot state.
Cass county's mortgage record
shows the amount ot farm mortgages
filed to be $59,992; released. $63,316.
City mortgages filed amounted to $2,
100; r erased. $7,092.
At a meeting of the board of super
visors held la Beatrice J. H. Sparks of
St Joseph was awarded the contract
tor building the bridges in Gage coua
ty for the coming year.
W. F. Cook of Cheyenne coaaty. sen
tenced to three years In the peniten
tiary for obtaining awaey under fame
pretenses, has secured a reversal aad
will be given a new trial.
The home of tlohn Donner, four
miles northwest of Elgin, burned to
the ground In the late wind storm.
Nothing was saved. The family bare
ly escaped with their lives.
George Casey, a farm head employ
ed by Frank Bartels, near Portal. Sar
py county, attempted suicide by drink
ing six ounces of iodtne. The doctors
saved his life by pumping him. out.
An ordination service was held la
the Congregational church at Llawood
before a crowded house, ia which Mrs.
M. J. Dickinson, pastor of the Congre
gational church here, was ordained.
The Woman's club at Fremont has
forwarded to Prof. Barbour of the Uni
versity of Nebraska a number of in
teresting articles which will be includ
ed in the state exhibit at the St. 1-ouls
exposition.
A prairie fire north of Elwood de
stroyed II. O. Halter's house, barn,
horses and all outbuildings; J. S. Tew
ell's barn, all outbuildings and 1.500
bushels of wheat; Mrs. Corder's house
and buildings.
Fire destroyed about forty tons of
hsy on the farm of George Drake, a
farmer living south of Red Cloud.
Drake swore out a complaint against
his brother-in-law, Jeff Beauchamp, for
setting fire to the bay.
Articles of incorporation of the Dole
Floral company have been filed in the
office of the county clerk at Beatrice.
The company is capitalized fqr $25.
000 and the principal place of doing
business is at Beatrice.
The women of the local Relief corps
at Schuyler have set a movement on
foot to secure funds to erect a sol
diers' monument. They have placed
the amount they desire at $750, and
some have signified their willingness
to contribute liberally.
Secretary Bennett of the state board
of equalization is confident that the
assessors of northeast Nebraska will
not meet to agree on a basis of valu
ation. He declared that an agreement
on values would disqualify the officials
from holding their positions.
Little Vincent Sloggett, aged 6, sun
of Mr. and Mrs. M. J. Sloggett of Fre
mont, was killed by falling downstairs
at his home. . The boy's death was not
the result of internal injuries, but
followed the bursting of a blood vessel,
which threw him into convulsions.
A scheme is on foot at Fremont to
hold regular cattle and horse sales.
Two Grand Island dissolute women
from the proscribed district and a man
whose identity the police have aot
learned drove a horse to death. When
the horse was turned into the barn
its back showed the heavy welts of the
whip and it could scarcely wabble to
its stall, Where it died in thirty min
utes. Forty feet or the Hamilton-Hall
county bridge, owned and maintained
jointly by the two counties, went out
the other day. the result of an ice
gorge, and more of It is out of line,
or has the piling cut from under it.
The oridge to about a mile long, the
most serious damage being on the Hall
county side.
By an order of the supreme court,
based on a decision handed down at
Its last sitting, the Union Pacific Rail
road company has just paid out $48,
000, of which sum $35,000 was for the
value of a lot which the company tried
to secure from Mrs. Sarah N. Stan
wood for $15,104. The remainder of
the amount was for Interest and inci
dental expenses.
George Keeler, Thomas Gray, aliai
Thomas Rogers, and Samuel Bradley,
alias Sam T. Bullis, charged with rob
bing the bank at Lyons, were bound
over in the sum of $2,000 each. Keeler
will be taken to Dodge aad Gray and
Bradley will be taken to the Douglas
county jail for safe keeping.
Secretary Dobson of the state board
of irrigation sent out notices to ap
plicants for water and irrigation pur
poses to file their proofs at once, so
that certificates could be seat them.
In the state there are about 1,000 ap
plicants who have made no proof of
claims.
According to a decision o? the su
preme court Charles Johnson, proprie
tor of a coal yard in Omaha, must pay
John Heath $750. Heath got a ver
dict for $1.50i In the district court of
Douglas county, but this was reduced
one-half. While wheeling coal for
Johnson. Heath fell and brokefhls leg.
Mr. hohn, near Guide Rock, Fet a
fire to burn corn stalks. The flro got
away and destroyed 100 rods of fence
belonging to Martin Konzad, four tel
ephone poles, one wagon bridge aad
120 tons of hay belonging o Jobn and
Iewis Yung, which rras Insured for
$400.
The burglsr who rapped the keeper
of the Saco prison over the head with
a bottle, remarking, "I'm d d sorry.
Murphy, but I have to do it." at least
had some of the instincts of a geatle
man, rough as he was.
Really, we feel quite relieved. Prof.
Totten, who predicted the end ot the
world this year, has fouad that he
made a mistake. It is aot due until
1919. Possibly he will discover na
ether error by that time.
NEBRASKA M?
MOftTKNBCM COUNTS CASH.
Treasurer FlmJa State-Ruiwinf Behtow
; in SaMe ef Heavy Receipts.
LINCOLN-The report of State
Treasurer Morteasea; lied with the
aud for, shows that ia the geaeral f aad
of the state there was received durtag
the 'month $1&.578.50. which was oc
casioned by the working of the aew
revenue mw, which 'brought la the
personal taxes. Thepaymeats from,
the faad. however, were greatly ia ex
cess ot this amoant. $219.967.S5. The
report shows that the state Is still run
aing behlad at a rate' that is latcrest
ing. -if not alarming. However, the
statement is not an Indication ot the
financial condition cf the state, for
the reason that uatil the valuation ot
property Is ascertained and the levy
fixed, it will be impossible to tell just
how the state is coming out at the
end of tne biennium. As sooa as the
state board ot equalization does this,
thea it win be possible to tell just
where the state is from a financial
standpoint
The report shows that the perma
nent school faad contains $84,495.95
aad the temporary school fund $214.
625. Cash on hand at the end of the
month amounted to $6,021.75 aad cash
oa deposit $374,212.43. During the
month there was received a total of
$532,109.45. and paid out $446,317.07.
NEBRASKA PIOMESRS OF 54.
Early Settlers te HeM Meeting Next
HUMBOLDT Aa Interesting aad
importaat movement was started here
when a half dozea of the pioneers of
this 'place got together aad planned
to have some sort or a gatheriag the
coming summer, to be arranged aad
participatea la by these who settled
ia the wilderness of Nebraska a half
century ago la 1854. The iateatlon at
present is to form aa organization, to
woich shall be eligible for member
ship all resldeata of southeastern Ne
braska who have lived la the state
slace the year mentioned above, audi
It is urged that all who are entltl4
to participate will communicate at an
early-date with H. P. Marble of this
city, sending facts regarding their Set
tlement la the state. Among the
prime movers In the matter Is Samuel
B. Bobst of this city, who settled with
his parents near the west line of the
county on April 20, 1854. and is believ
ed to be among the first settlers ot
the state. His father. Christian Bobst.
was the first probate judge ot Rich
arasoA county, when her borders ex
tended from the Missouri river on the
east to the Rocky mountains on the
west.
Sentence Cut Dewn.
LINCOLN Soney Ford of Cherry
county, sentenced to imprisonment for
seven years for the killing of Allen
Rothchilds near Valentine, has re
ceived a reduction of sentence to
three years snd will serve four years
in the penitentiary.
Title to the Island.
LINCOLN McBride Kilgore are
entitled to tne island in the Platte riv
er upon which George S. Whaittaker
and family have been and are now
living. So the supreme court has de
ciued. Will Reduce Commission.
LINCOLN The supreme court com
mission will be reduced to three mem
bers sfter April 5, the commission of
nine members meeting for the last
time on that date.
Hees Bring Gee Prices.
LA WHENCE The sale of forty bred
Duroc-Jersey sows by Bowman 4: Fitch
at this place averaged tSl.. The
top price was $310. paid by Lojdea it
Sob of Clay Center, Neb.
Many Farmers Moving.
HUMBOLDT There is quite an ex
odus of farmers from this section, ow
ing to the arrival of the month of
March. Those who are leaving the
county invariably make for the west
ers part ot the state, where it is their
belief they caa be more successful in
farming. While this county has been
favored with good crops for several
years, the high price of land and con
sequent high rate of rent made It diffi
cult for the average renter to get
ahead, and he is consequently going in
search- of a section where dirt is not
so high.
Larkin Out ef Jail.
ST. PAUL Bert larkin. who burg
larized the postofllce at St. Llbory last
July and was sent to the reform
school, recently escaped, and, with a
younger brother, was arrested here.
After receiving his breakfast he was
left alone la the corridor ot the jail.
With a heavy, iroa poker he worked
a hole through the wall and made his
escape.
Deetreyes Much Preperty.
LOUP CITY Haas" Beck left home
Saturday for Omaha with a carload ot
cattle" aad some time Saturday night
or early Sunday morning some one
visited Mr. Beck's farm house aad
with a spade broke every wiadow ex
cept one, turned the hard coal stove
over oa the carpet with the fire burn
ing, took five sacks of flour and threw -it
all over jthe house, cut up a good top'
on the buggy and smashed things la
general. The guilty parties are un
known, but one or two In the neighbor
hood are suspected.
Ceunterfeit-Bllla.
LINCOLN An ofocer of the seciet
service was here and visited the taree
banks. He displayed a couple of coua
terfeit $10 bills which sre belag circa
lated In river cities. The object at
the visit was to pick np any such bills
if any had been passed here. All ot
the banks reported that no such bills'
had been turned in. Receiving aad
paying tellers were given aa opporta
aity of takiag a good look at the bogus
bills. The statement was made that.
the counterfeits were very good imi
tations ot the genuine bills.
Twt Qecr Wills.
The testator ia a will recently epea '
ed at Salem, Mass.. expressed his re
gret that he coukl aot leave
worldly goods to his frieads
of the rascality of those
he
trusted. Another maa expressed
a
aesire taat am home should be
inasmuch as he did not leave
cleat preperty to maiatala It Be
quests of clothlag aad of hoaseheld
furnishings are common, occasionally
a will Is opeaed which brims ha the
good oid-rasaioaed way. "In the
of God, Amen."
I
. .rV.
m
.'
-.
s
,
v..
e
fc
-.it
; ::4
- i
3
;i?-fcw
- ? ivSr-rr;
-y-- z aa. bj6trss-idfcviei.yJr5 Jt
' iti&iiaiffih ii iifnr'ThnCfcto.
w-j,. - -zjtmtri. :.
