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WITH
li&kI
Ainms
The Faded Tintype.
Beneath the weisht of many years his
aged back was bent. ..-
But from his gentle big bine ee3 there
shne a Hht that lent
A radiance to his old face, and as a seai
he took . , .
He glanced about him with a smue
then nought his pocketbook.
And everyone who gazed his way
Wished that his car fare they might Py
For that one cheery look.
His clothc. though old and worn, were
clean and iatched with loving care.
His trembling hands In home-made
gloves: the well-combed fringe or
Beneath hi almost furless cap all told
or. someone who ..,,
Lo-ed tills old man as much as wncn
life's partnership was new.
A moment more and lie unwound
The string with which his purse was
bound ,
And brought his wealth to view.
A scrap of clolh. a pencil small, a key
and next a dime
And then he stopped: in happy thougnts
he seemed lost for a time:
A faded tintype, that was all a sweet
old woman's face.
And yet Iw kissed it softly ere he put
it back In place. .
And then we knew what made his me
So happy just a faithful wife
Gave his old :ige its erace.
Cincinnati Times-Star.
Gen. McClellan for Peace.
The- Baltimore Sun of Jan. 11 says
that the following communication, ad"
dressed to a gentleman in Baltimore,
makes a very interesting contribution
to the political history of the civil
war. to the effect that Gen. McClellan
in 1862 sought an interview with Gen.
l-e with the supposed purpose of
making peace over the heads of the
governments at Washington and Rich
mond: Bishop's House,
222 East Harris Street,
Savannah, Ga., Jan. 3. 1862.
My Dear Friend: Your letter of the
1st inst to hand. My recollection of
the conversation to which you refer
is clear.
Gen. Longstreet told me more than
once that immediately after the battle
at Sharpsburg, or Antietatn. while he
was in Gen. Lee's tent, the genereal
handed him a letter which he bad just
received from Gen. McClellan, the
commander of the Federal armies.
Gen. Ijee gave Gen. longstreet a copy
of the letter aud asked him to give it
his serious attention, and on the fol
lowing morning advise him (Gen.
Lee) what he ought to do in the mat
ter. The letter from Gen. McClellan
-proposed an interview between him
self and Gen. Lee. Gen. Lougstreet
said to mc: "I told Gen. Lee that in
my judgment there was no other con
struction to be placed on it save one,
and that was that Gen. McClellan
wanted to end the war then and
there."
Gen. Lee said: "That idea occurs to
me also, but President Davis, and
not Gen. Lee, is the one to whom
such a message must be sent."
Gen. Longstreet took the letter to
his own quarters, where he found
Gen. T. It. Cobb of this state. He
gave it to Gen. Cobb, pledging him u
observe secrecy with regard to it. but
not saying a word as to the construc
tion be placed on it.
After reading the letter attentively
Gen. Cobb said there was no doubt in
his mind that Gen. McClellan wanted
Gen. Lee to help in the restoration of
the Union by marching to Washing
ton with the combined forces. Gen.
Longstreet told me of the circum
stances more than once, and always
added that he thoroughly coincided in
Gen. Cobb's views, but that Gen. Lee.
for the reason stated, declined to meet
Gen. McClellan.
The copy which Gen. Lee gave Gen.
longstreet was sent after the war to
Col. Marshall. I tried to get it from
Col. Marshall, who told me he had
mislaid and could never find it. I do
not know, of course, what became of
the original letter.
I forgot to say that Gen. Longstreet
strongly advised Gen. Lee to meet
Gen. McClellan in order that he might
know definitely what McClellan
wanted.
i have this moment heard of Long
streets death Saturday at Gainesville.
He often came to visit me when I
lived in Atlanta, and we often talked
of the war and its sequel.
I recall very distinctly a reply he
made to me one day when I said:
"Well, general. you and I are both
glad to-day that we have a united
country, and perhaps in God's provi
dence it is as well that we were de
feated even though we were clearly
in the right"
"I do not believe in placing the
blame on the lord," said Longstreet.
"We ought to have whipped the Yan
kees, restored the Union and settled
the negro question ourselves, but we
had a big load to carry in some of
our own leaders." Very sincerely,
your friend.
Benjamin J. Keiley,
Bishop of Savannah, Ga.
Confederacy Lavish With Titles.
The Confederacy was lavish in the
bestowal of military commissions of
high. rank. It had more than twice
as many full generals as the United
States army has ever had in its entire
existence. Only three men have held
that rank in the United States service.
Even Washington never held it. The
Continental Congress commissioned
him General and Commander in Chief
of "the army of the United Colonies."
He was commissioned Lieutenant Gen
eral July 4. 1798, and never held a
higher rank.
An act of Congress March 3, 1799.
created the office of "General of the
Armies of the United States." but it
was 'never filled. Knox. St. Clair.
Wayne. Hamilton, Dearborn. Brown,
Macomb, McClellan and Halleck held
only the rank of Major General, al
though each of them commanded the
-army of the United States. James
Wilkinson, who commanded it from
1800 to 1812, was only a Brigadier Gen
eral. Josiah Harmer. who was in com
mand from 1784 to 1791. was only a
. Lieutenant Colonel and Brigadier" by
brevet The first full General in the
history of the United States army was
U. S. Grant. He was given that rank
. in 1864 and was succeeded by Sher
man in 1869, who was succeeded by
Sheridan in 1883. These three are the
only officers. Schofield. who succeed
ed Sheridan in 1888. was given the
rank of Lieutenant General by Con
gress previous to bis retirement Kel
son A. Miles also retired as a lieuten
ant general, and so did S. B. M. Young
when Major General Chaffee succeed
ed to that rank.
- The number of Generals in the Con
federate service was eight This
equals the number of Lieutenant Gen
erals la the United States amy from
Washington to Chaffee. The Confed
eracy hat. nineteen Lieutenant Gen
erals. Grant was the only Federal
who attained this rank during
'i y ' '
wgm
hSbh
THE
the war, though at the beginning of
the war Gen. Winfield Scott held this
rank by brevet.
In the Confederate service the pay
of officers was us follows when they
could get it: General, rer month.
$500; Lieutenant General, $450; Major
General, $350; Brigadier General,
i $301; Colonel, infantry, $195; Lieuten
ant Colonel. $10; Major, $150; Cap
tain, $130; Lieutenants. $90 and $S0.
In the cavalry, artillery, and engineer
corps the pay of Colonel was $210 per
month, and other officers in propor
tion. In the cavalry privates were
supposed to receive $12 a month, and
in the artillery and infantry $11.
Nashville (Tenn.) American.
Found After Forty-two Years.
After a separation of forty-two
years. brothers accidentally were
reunited just before reaching Los
Angeles on a railway excursion.
Away back in Vermont, when the
civil war broke out, Joseph Wheelock,
Thomas Wheelock and Abner Wheel
ock lived on a farm in Rutland coun
ty. Thomas, who was 24, and Joseph
21, were rivals tor the hand of a girl
living on an adjoining farm.
When the war broke out in 1861
the two brothers enlisted in the same
company and regiment of Vermont vol
unteers. While home on sick leave
Thomas Wheelock married the girl his
brother considered engaged to him
self. Joseph blamed his family for per
mitting the marriage and swore, he
would have noting more to do with
any of them as long as he lived. He
re-enlisted in tkeUnited States cav
alry and never so much as sent a word
home.
His family in Vermont has consider
ed him dead, understanding that he
was killed in Georgia during Sher
man's famous campaign. He was not
even with Sherman, however, but put
in the last days of the war in Mis
souri, afterward settling near Spring
field. III. He never married.
When Joseph Wheelock left home
Abner was a mere boy of 13. It was
these two that met under such pe
culiar circumstances on the colonist
train coming through California. Jo
seph now is 63 years old and Abner is
53.
They bad held their brief conver
sations several times during the four
days they had been traveling together
in the same car, but not until late
Saturday evening, after most of the
other tourists had retired, did the two
get to exchanging confidences.
No person on the car seems to have
known just how it came about, but
they were roused from their first light
sleep by the noisy rejoicing of the
twit brothers. While trying to sup
press their loistcrous glee the mem-'
hers of Uu train crew learned the
romantic story.
Both sat up all night and talked.
Several times the conductor in charge
urged them to go to bed, but they
finally went into the smoking com
partment and talked until broad day
light. When the train pulled into La
Grande depot they still were talking
and appeared as happy as two school
boy chums. Ios Angeles Times.
Old Army Nurse Is Dead.
Mrs. Mary R. Wheeler, who recently
passed away at the home of her
daughter in Beloit, Iowa, was one of
the heroic figures of the civil war.
She was nearly 86 years of age at the
time of her death and ws known as
"Mother" Wheeler. No army nurse
rendered more service to the sick and
wounded soldier boys than she. Born
near Elmira. N. Y May 2. 1818, she
became deeply interested in the war
shortly after her marriage, and at the
time of the battle of Bull Run she left
her home fh Pennsylvania and went to
Washington to look after the sick and
wounded. With the dying echoes of
Bull Run she began here noble work
and to the end of the war was to be
found wherever duty called. Her hap
piest recollections were of Lincoln
and Stanton, who soon recognized her
worth as a woman of judgment and
fine executive ability.
President Lincoln never visited the
army hospital without commending
Mrs. Wheeler for her able and syste
matic work. She remained in Wash
ington until the bloody work in front
of Richmond called her to Fortress
Monroe, where she rendered valuable
service. With the improred condi
tions in the northern hospitals Mother
Wheeler was ordered to help organize
the hospital service and was in charge
of a hospital at Holly Springs, Miss.,
in December. 1862. when that great
supply depot was captured in Grant's
rear by General Van Dorn. Mother
Wheeler during the war was kept as
signed at various posts and was in
charge at Mobile when that city was
taken. She was in receipt of a pen
sion from the government for her
valiant service and went to Iowa in
1872.
Longstreet' Coolness.
There are many interesting stories
that cou'd be told of the ex-Confederate
Gen. James Longstreet. An Eng
lish officer who was present at the bat
tle of Gettysburg and who was permit
ted by Longstreet to be near his head'
quarters told of this incident:
"When I got close up to Gen. Long
street I saw one of his regiments ad
vancing through the woods in good or
der; so. thinking I was just in time tc
see the attack. I remarked to the gen
eral that I wouldn't ha missed this
for anything.
"Longstreet was seated at the top of
a snake fence, and looking perfectly
calm and unperturbed, and he replied,
laughingly. 'The devil you wouldn't! I
would like to have missed it verj
much. We've attacked and been re
pulsed. Look there.'
A few moments later, while the Con
federates were still retreating undei
a heavy fire of artilllery from the
Union troops. Gen. Pettigrew reported
to Longstreet that he was unable tc
I bring his men up again. Longstreet
turned upon him and replied in a most
sarcastic manner: 4Very well; never
mind then, general, jest let them re
main where they are; the enemy's
going to advance, and will spare yon
the titrable.' " -
Feared Curtain Lecture.
A Soath Portland (Me.) r-tn asked
Deputy Frith to lock him up ovei
night, as he had "blown In" $71 in
some unknown way and was afraid to
go home.
rsb
' wsnnVsK-Z--9n AnHI
gr---BSSWY UH BjHr BBBBBV
. jBr3WNSgJBs4Jfipn t
Money in Gr,
As a great deal of hay is harvested
In the territory in which the Farmers'
Review circulates, we believe that
many of our readers will be inter
ested in the address of Mr. George M.
Clark before the Middlesex, Conn
Pomona Grange (of which he is a
member), on the subject, "Grass as- a
Money Maker," from which 'we quote
the following: "I will try to tell you in
a few minutes, what I have found in
eighteen years' cultivation 'of grass.
"In the first place In the.productkra
of all kinds of crops we must have
more intense cultivation. Clark's Cut
away Harrow will do it, so will other
harrows, but it must be done. No
matter what the crop, the more we
cultivate the better. As the results
of intense cultivation on poor land,
what farmers here call worn out land,
with hay figured at $8.50. per ton. $20
a year per acre can be made; at $18
per ton $80 can be made. An average
of over $50 an acre per year, and
s is a very sure crop. I sow red-
top and' timothy in equal parts, 14
quarts each kind of seed to the acre.
They grow well together and produce
a ton and a half more hay to the acre
when thus sown. My first experience
on sixteen acres in two crops pro
duced over 100 tons, over six tons to
the acre. On one flat section of
seven-eighths of an acre covered with
clay gravel hard-pan, no vegetation
on it, at one seeding, in fourteen
years, twenty-eight crops, produced
114 tons of dry bay, a net profit of
$1,200, over $85 per year. A section
of five-eighths of an acre, in two crops
this year, gave a rate of 21,400 pounds
to the acre, at $16 per ton, gave a net
profit of $117. Not a year in the
eighteen but what some one or more
acres of this field have produced more
than six tons, sometimes over seven
tons first crop. Again, there never
has been a year in which less than
six tons have been grown in two
crops. That is not due to favorable
conditions to start with, it is due to
intense cultivation, fertilizer, and
care. The outside cost of bay does
not exceed $2 for labor, $3 for fer
tilizer, total cost per ton for well
dried hay in barn, $5. The most re
markable sample will be shown this
year from a quarter acre section
where the first crop cut was over
four feet in height and weighed 2,471
pounds. Second crop cut this year
from same field was over three feet
high and weighed 2,240 pounds, mak
ing 7& feet in height Each crop
was fully headed and blossomed. The
third crop did not blossom, but
weighed 1.750 pounds, at the rate of
3 tons to the acre. The total
weight of tl,e three crops from this
quarter acre section this year was
6,401 pounds, or at the rate of 25,644
pounds per acre, and a total growth
of over nine feet. This quarter acre
section at $16 per ton produced a rate
of $136 net profit per acre. The gen
eral average of my field for eighteen
years has given a net profit of over
$50 per year per acre, hence i say we
can, if we will, make money in grass
culture. Farmers' Review.
Yield of Irish Potatoes, 1903.
potatoes (mtsa),
States and Ter
ritories. Yield
Prodoo
tton.
Acreace. per
acre.
Acres.
87.077
18.277
26.990
2S.874
G.764
29.322
394.870
57.684
,244,153
v 6.180
28.513
49.520
24.641
8.555
8,628
3,489
9,643
5.63S
8.140
26.437
23.073
25.085
31.22S
36,165
161.947
268.230
t 77.888
143.369
252.522
140.015
162.741
86.977
72.143
80.599
32.437
24,200
12.904
3.665
80.758
. 1.297
"ii,776"
2.522
11.672
29.411
35.367
46.536
10.227
9.111
Busk
BuMktU.
17.067.6tt2
1.791.146
3.689.420
2.771.904
845.500
2.814.912
35.143.430
5.710.716
22,217.923
519.120
1.995.910
4.159.680
1.6S0.947
- -692.955
629.844
286.0S8-
646.081
462.070
. ' 407.009
1.771.279
1.615.110
1.655.610
2.4W.080
2.640.045
13.441.601
20.921.949
6.919.483
10.322.568
14.646,276
8.960.99
9.113.496
5.740.482
4.184.294
5.158.336
ZtBDDttSB
2.032.8W
2.271.104
612.065
7.359.918
.'U2.W
"08052
295.974
1.867.520
4264,595
3.784.289
6,049.680
i 797.706
637.770
Maine ...
195
98
138
96
125
96
89
99
91
84
70
84
67
81
73
82
67
82
SO
67
70
66
80
73
83
78
76
72
58
64
56
66
58
64
89
84
176
167
145
87
nr
160
145
107
130
78
70
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts ..
Rhode Island
Connecticut ..
New York
New Jersev
Pennsylvania. ..I
uciaware ...
Maryland
Virmnla
North Carolina..
SojthCaroliaa..
Georpa.
Honda. .......
Alabama......
Mississippi ....
Louisiana .....
Texas
Arkansas........
Tennessee ...
West Virginia
.Kentucky .......
Ohio
Michigan....
Indiana .....
Illinois ..
Wisconsin.....
Minnesota
Iowa .. .
Missouii
Kansas
Nebraska
South Dakota
North Dakota
Montana
Wyoming ....
Colorado ....
Hew Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada ......
Idaho
Washington
Oregon .
California
Oklahoma
Indian Territory
United States .
2.916.855
84:7
247.127.880
Trial Orchards.
A good many trial orchards are be
ing established in our, western states,
ana are being planted with all the
different varieties of trees and canes
that bear fruit Great lessons are be
ing learned from them. On some of
the soils our best and hardiest varie
ties fail, while other and supposedly
weaker -varieties do well. The strik
ing fact about these orchards is that
the people living In the locality In
which they exist do not as a rale get
very much from them. This Is not
due to any lack in the management
of the orchards, but to the lack of
enterprise on the part of the people
that are trying to grow fsuits in those
localities. The fruit growers of the
states in which trial orchards exist
will find it greatly to their advantage
to make occasional trips to the or
chards in which rarities of fruits and
cultural methods are being tried. They
will thus save themselves many costly
mistakes.
Room for the Litters.
A swine breeder says that in rais
ing ;igs one should have a house and
separate lot for each sow and her Ut
ter. This may be demanding a little
too much, but it may. be that the best
results can be obtained only in this
way. If one cannot give a separate
lot to each sow, he can at least give
a separate house Fortunately a hog
house need not cost much. Some of
our experiment stations have a bouse,
for each brood sow, but give them
only ono large lot, in which to run.
While the pigs are so young that
they take only their mother's milk It
is better to keep the litters separate,
bnt when the pigs have become old
enough to eat slop made of milk,
ship stuff and the like, the litters stay
be allowed to nut together.
Name Cruiser for Writer.
The latest armored cruised in the
French navy will be named Ernest
Renan, after the distinguished writer.
Old silage Is better than new. The
fermentation Increases Its digestibility.
Vdtorszszi 1 1 POU Ll IEY 1
Iowa 'Dairy Interests.
The factories for the making of
renovated batter in Iowa number ; 13.
Seven 'of them renovate over half a
million pounds each annually. Some
make not more than 60,000 pounds
annually, while one of them is said to
handle not less than 2.260.000 pounds.
The number of creameries reporting
to the dairy commissioner was 661.
During the twelve months covered by
the report these creameries received
17506,837 pounds of milk and ..
626,449 pounds of cream. Out of this
was made 59,642,487 pounds of but
ter. This butter was disposed otas
follows: To" patrons. 3,924,489
pounds; In Iowa, 3,945,978 pounds;
shipped out of state, 51,772,620
pounds. The average production of
the creameries reporting for the past
four years was: (1900) 104,918;
(1901) 105,491; (1902) 104,152; (1903)
97,770 pounds. The leading dairy
counties of the state are. In the or
der named: Bremer, Delaware, Chick
asaw, Fayette, Lucas. The cow cen
sus for recent years was as follows:
(1895) 1,087.250; (1900) 1,295,960;
(1901) 1.382,242; (1902) 1,423,348;
(1903) 1,370,082. These cows had an
average, value of $23.48 and a total
value of $32,181,179. The creameries
that reported have 72,710 patrons. In
194 creameries commercial starters
are used. Tests fbr acidity are used
in 189 creameries, and in 293 the
skim milk is pasteurized. Skim milk
weighers are used in 275. The aver
age number of patrons to each cream
ery is 110, and of cows 862. The
poorest paid butter-maker in the state
gets $20 per month, and the best paid
gets $125. The average Is $59.38.
This shows an improvement over pre
vious years. In 1901 the average was
$53.80, and in 1902 it was $55.72. The
skim stations in the state number 67.
Number of hand separators in the
state, 16,841. There are 38 cream
eries that use only cream from band
separators.
Grass-Made Butter Preferred.
Reports from England indicate that
the English buyers of butter very
much prefer butter made from fresh
grass rather than from any other
kind of food. This is the report of
agents for various firms, but whether
they really understand the situation
may be not entirely proven. The hint
has come to the agents from the great
influx into the English market of but
ter made in New Zealand, Australia
and Argentina. This, winter over 70,
000 boxes of butter from the Austra
lasian colonies had arrived in England
by the end of January. This butter
was placed on the market at a time
when held butter from various Euro
pean countries and from Canada was
appearing on the market. The result
was that the held butter, though of
good quality, was crowded to the
wall. Then large quantities of this
grass butter came in from Argentina,
and the trouble of disposing of held
butter increased. The Danish butter,
although freshly made, also felt the
effect of the competition 'rom the
sunny south. Perhaps this has been
elt more keenly this year than evei
before. At least the competition Is
jarring the sensibilities of the Euro
pean bnttermakers into a conscious,
ness of the fact .that the matter of
transportation is the great one with
the butter market As soon as the
antipodeans can get their butter to
market in good time and at low cost
they will supply that winter market
with summer butter. Were it not for
the cost of transportation, the winter
made butter of the north would come
into direct competition with the summer-made
butter of the south. In
such a case it would go hard with the
wintcr-maae butter.
More Silos.
A silo census would be a good
thing, especially if it could be taken
every year; for then it would show
the progress of silo building from
year to year. This would act as a
stimulus to those 'that never do any
thing till they see how much other
people are doing in the same Hne.
From some of our states come good
reports of new -silos going up in all
directions. In Illinois, however, we
hear little about silo building. The
milk condenseries are quite numerous
in this state, and they do not permit
the use of silageby the people that
furnish them milk. It is somewhat
of a surprise to find that the silo is
rapidly invading the Pacific coast re
gion, where the Idng grazing season
would seem to make the silo of less
value than in the country east of the
Rockies where the winters are long.
The people that are building' them in
the region mentioned say that even
for the holding of alfalfa .the silo is
a great conserver of feed, as it saves
all the alfalfa leaves that are lost
by the usual methods of handling cut
.alfalfa. The waste with corn fodder
is also done away with in the use of
silage, as the -cattle eat all the silage,
while they leave a very large propor
tion of corn stalks and other rough
age given them .in a dry form. Which
all goes to show that we should build
more silos, so that we can make the
most of the feed we have. Farmers'
Review.
Meat as Seen by the Butcher.
At the last meeting of the Illinois
Live Stock Breeders' Association,
held at the Illinois Agricultural col
lege, several hundred people gathered
in the animal judging room to witness
the meat-cutting demonstration. Mr.
Samuel White, a Chicago butcher,
made the demonstration. The stand
ard rib roast (including seven ribs) ij
the part that is injured most by be
ing too fat. Much of the tenderloin
used in hotels and restaurants' is
taken from "canners," as the butcher
can't afford Jb sell the tenderloin
from high-priced meat, as it forms
the best part of the porterhouse. In
America the choice cuts sell at a high
price because there is little demand
for the rest of the 'carcass. Porter
house and sirloin can be bought cheap
er in England than in the United
States because there is a greater de
mand for the other parts of the car
cass. Chuck brings about 6 cents per
pound in Chicago and 15 cents in Lon
don; while porterhouse brings 25 cents
in Chicago and from 15 to 20 cents
per pound in London. The American
butcher has' to make his profits from
a small part of the carcass, while ine
English butcher stakes his profits
from all parts of the carcass. Porter
house steak is an American term and
is not generally known in England.
A
Expensive Telegram.
Sending telegrams io Bay of Islands
is rather expensive, for, a Gloucester
(Mass.) man paid $50 to havea dis
patch delivered from Birchy Cove to
one of his skippers in the Humber
river.
- - ,c-c.rVv3---4r''"-;'
Derklftfls.
This English bird is one which may
be considered an Ideal bird for.sjesn
era! purposes. It Is aAardy'fowlnnd,
can stand almost any amount of, cold
weather, .providing the, ground is not'
damp. This is proved by the fact that'
they do well in the northern part of.
Scotland and in the extreme north of
Ireland, among the Cumberland Hills,
and in other places equally as cold
and exposed. This should be remem
bered by those who contemplate rais
ing them, tlat the soil must not be
damp if success is expected with.
Jfo JDoiKifqs -
them. The Dorking is one of the old
est of domestic fowls, it not the, old
est There" are no definite records to
show when it first lived in England
or whence it came, but the supposi
tion is that it was carried to England
by the Romans, who evidently pos.
sesssd fowls of similar characteris
tics. The chief distinctive mark of
the breed is the presence of a fifth or
supernumerary toe, springing behind,
a little above the foot, and below the
spur..
Rqud.
Roup is a disease that .is not feared
by those that have. never had it in
their flocks. A person will sometimes
raise' poultry for many years and
never have a case. It is our belief
that It is possible to keep the disease
out of the flock altogether by using
due precautions. Bad weather condi
tions seem frequently ito be the cause
of the .disease, but it is certainly due
to a germ, and however bad the
weather the disease could not come
without the germs being present. But
even if the germs are present they
may not find a chance to develop with
out fie assistance of filth, dampness
and drafty roosting places. The way
to keep roup cut of a flock is to keep
the henhouse clean, 'supply it with an
abundance of light, have it so tight
that the fowls wHl be exposed to no
drafts, and then be careful about In
troducing new birds. New fowls must
be purchased now and then,' but such
or.es should be kept by themselves
and away from the rest of the flock
for a month after purchase to make
sure that they are healthy.. When the
disease is once introduced it is likely
to prove a very stubborn visitor to
eject Prevention is far easier than
cure.
Roup is frequently very destructive,
but at other times the disease seems
to be mild in form,' carrying off no
birds at all; This has led to the
suspicion that there are several dis
eases that we ignorantly named roup.
We are certain that; there, are at least
two, one being common in winter and.
the other most fatal in summer. The
bacteriologists are working on the
diseases at the present time and may
ultimately bring light out of the dark
ness. But with our present knowledge
we must treat al) of these diseases as
one and call them simply roup. This
word is an old. one and means, "to
cry out"' It .was probably given to
this disease because birds affected
with' it cry out A synonym is the
"Pip."
When 'this disease gets Into a flock
the losses from dead birds may be
great; 'but-the Incapacitation of the
live birds -may -be even greater. One
' man claimed to us that he had a
recipe that had cured his flock of
roup. It was quite an extensive com
bination of drugs that were made up
into pellets. Each bird had to be
caught in turn and have the pellets
crammed down the throat It took
several months in the winter to cure
the flock, and this work had to be
done just at the time when the fowls
should have been laying eggs. "But,"
said the man, "I cured them anyway,
and -without losing a- single fowl, but
I didn't get any eggs till the middle
of the next- summer." It may well
be doubted if the cure, was worth the
trouble. Doubtless it would have paid
better to have chopped off the heads
of the well fowls as soon as it was
apparent that the disease was likely
to take them.
Roup is Indicated by the birds hav
ing swelled heads, watery eyes, nos
trils clogged with matter, by diarrhea,
and by a high fever. r Sometimes all
symptoms 'except fever and diarrhea'
are -wanting. It is better to kill cheap
birds that are sick than to doctor
them.- But if it is desired to doctor
them, their heads and throats should
be washed in antiseptics and the well
and sick birds should be separated.
Surround Milk with Pure Air.
At a dairy convention where butter
was being'exhiblted the Judge, a first
class expert, found two samples of
butter that had'a strong flavor, but dif
fering very greatjy from each other and
from the flavors usually met with la
butter. Later the judge visited the
creameries in which the- butter had.
been made. There the mystery was
solved. In each place he found a
smell In the butter-working room simi
lar to the flavor that had pulled down
the scores on the butter. The cream
eries were cleaned up till the smell
referred to disappeared, after which
there was no further trouble with tb
bad-flavored butter. How often on the
farm is the butter ruined by the
smells' that surround the milk while
it is exposed to the air in the ripening
process. Much of the cheap butter
that goes to the corner grocery and is1
thence sent to the buyers of stock for
the renovating factories is butter that'
has been made from milk and cream
that has been exposed in the cellars of
the farm houses or in the kitchens to'
odors that are 'undesirable in butter.
Either the milk must he kept out of ;
the cellar or the' .vegetables must be
pat elsewhere. It. Is a mistake also-
to have the cream, ripening in thai
Aura in the kitchen Jn which all kinds
of food are being cooked. Milk and
sream must be' surrounded with pure
sir If good batter is to he mad -
mmmmmmmmmmmm7'
BwBSBSBSBSBSBSBSBSBSn .
smmmmmmmmmmnBsiir.
SSmvssssjmvsssssssssjtmupS-aj.
wMfc - iJBf" "? f
X"'
'LIVE-IN AVAtE ,TATE.
Mengellai Race Has Made Little AsV
. Vanfe In Centuries.
9sJnejee.re race'of Mencoliane In
habiting the, shores of the. Arctic
oceau. mslntla themselves by hunt
.ng and 'flshtag. They make" use of
the san)e implements in bone and
stone, besides cherishing the same su
perstitions, as were current in .the
stone age' among the inhabitants of
.western Europe. They clothe them
selves in reindeer skins. In ine weath
er 'they wear the hair outside, and
when itjis weMhe tunic is reversed.
This interesting race is gradually dy
ing out, owing partly to the scourge
of smallpox which makes ravages
among them, and also to their fond
ness for raw spirits, .which leads them
to degradation and misery, as the Rus
sian merchants take advantage of this
to cheat them when bartering for val
uable skins and walrus teeth. In
fact, to such an extent do these trad
ers dupe them that the Samoyeds
sometimes are reduced to a state of
famine and have recourse to cannibal
ism. This seems to account for the
name Samoyed, which was given them
by the Russians, and which signifies
in their language self-eating. Every
year in mid-Lent .these queer-looking
people travel down in their reindeer
sledges from Archangel to 8t Peters
burg and. take up their abode tempo
rarily on the frozen river Neva, where
they build themselves circular buts
wmposea or a framework of poles,
over which' are stretched reindeer
Vikins. Here they traffic for the prod
ucts of civilization.
THEY WANTED A CHANGE.
Elderly Ladies Were Tired of Their
Ufelsnf Companions.
One of the tenets of modern scien
tific philanthropy is the provision of
small private cottages for old couples
whose destiny would otherwise be the
poorhouses, where the sexes are sep
arated. The belief has grown that the"
old persons would be much happier
If they could live in their little cottage
together and apart from the rest oi
the poorhouse inmates. In the poor
houses, as they have been conducted
Jn.the past, the old couples have only
.been permitted to call on each other
during certain hours of the day.
But philanthropy, even of the scien
tific variety, rarely meets with the
reception expected, and this rule
proves particulcrly true in the case of
one agent, who, armed with the new
offer of the charities commission,
went out in search of impoverished
old couples eager to end their days
in each other's company. When the
agent returned he wore a dazed ex
pression, which deepened when he
made his informal report of the ex
pedition. The old men said they didn't mind
living with the old women." he an
nounced, "but the old women kicked
like steers. They said they'd lived
with the same persons all their lives
and they'd looked forward to a little
change when they went to the jwor
house." New York Herald.
Adieu to Girlhood.
uuw. waKou on summer
dreamless sWn
morns from
wm.d im:i ha.nds aml a" nuloscput He.
A-tremble with
chcen
the dawn. lie:ujn the
f yS yon"8 hird' or t,nk,f of l,,c
Beyond the hill. oh. then from far
n IK n
and
Dear soft-winged
draw rich.
presences, unseen.
And tides of yearning wonder o'er
sweep.
me
But yestermorn, before
came
the soft wine?
Jn the expectant
creDt
dawn, wild music
Within my soul: and.
. me Rwcnt
unsought, pas'
Thy ousVm"0 eyes mld swift """"
Then, then. I could not prav
wept.
Burned and bewildered bv
shame.
but Ions I
a sudder
Century.
31. Cannah in
February
- An Arab Spy Outwitted.
Once at least, in Egypt, the loss of
his eye in an earlier campaign proved
a great service to Lord Wolseley and
his army. He could get no informa
tion of the enemy's strength of posi
tion, says the London Onlooker. An
rab was captured prowling around
our outppsts aud was brought before
him. It was ten to one the sullen
fellow knew everything. Lord Wolse
ley questioned him. The fellow an
swered never a word, standing stolid
between the. two soldiers. At last a
happy idea struck the general. He
said in Arabic: "It is no use vonr
refusing to answer me, for I am a
wizard, and at a wish can destroy you
and your masters. To prove this to
you, I will take out my eye, throw it
up, catch it and put it back in my
head." And, to the horror and amaze
ment of the fellow. Lord Wolseley
took out his glass eye, threw it up,
caught and replaced it. That was
enough; the Arab capitulated, and the
information he gave the staff led to
the Arabi's defeat:
Seattle's Trade.
The local vessels plying to Seattle
during the year 1903, according to the
figures in the annual report of the har
bor master carried in the aggregate
nearly 1,100,000 passengers in and out
of that port, while that city shipped
coastwise and to local ports merchan
dise to the value of 132.171,785, and
received merchandise to the value of
$23,244,987.
British Wheat Imports.
The importations of wheat at pres
ent into Great Britain amount To
170,000,000 bushels a year. Of that
quantity 57,000,000 bushels come from
her colonies. In Canada, SoutTi Af
rica and Australia there are gran
aries to supply the world of that 170,
000,000 bushels. Australia sends now
32 per cent of her 57,000,000-busheI
crop.
Brittle Finger Nails.
,,. For the people who are troubled
with brittle finger nails there is only
one WT4 to cure them, and that Is to
begin at the root of the evil and feed
them. Before retiring rub the nails
freely with sweet nil or vaseline and
wear loose kid gloves. The gloves
should be perforated at the palms and
the middle of the fingers to admit a
free circulation of air. Wear gloves
whenever possible while sweeping
and dusting or doing other coarse
work, for the texture of the skin is
thus preserved and damage to the
nails prevented. After washing dishes
wash the hands in clear warm water,
rinse in cold water, anoint the nails
with a little vaseline and wipe away
all surplus. Keep up this treatment
of the nails daily for a month and you
will see a marked improvement
Workers Lose Long Strike.
The great textile strike at Crim-
mitschau, Saxony, in which 10,000
men held out Ave months for higher
wages' -and a ten-hour day, ended In
ue comlte deret the surrem
ear of the strikers.
--- v,-.
NEBRASKA
ANKERS UNION It SOLVENT.
9
Referee Says. However. Must Chanee
Method of Transacting Business. . .
LINCOLN The Bankers Union .of
the World will have to change its
present methods of doing business in
several instances if it is to continue
as an organization, should the report
Ied by Referee Ryan in the supreme
court be Jthe decision of the court
The report lads for the state in
most intsances. though it denied that
that evidence sustained the allegation
of the state that tho company was in
solvent. It denied also that the evi
dence showed that President Spinney
had drawn a larger salary than he
was entitled to.
Referee Ryan held that should the
company continue to do business it
should be enjoined from allowing its
ofllcers to appoint a board of directors;
it should be enjoined from payiaf to
President Spinney and President Spin
ney should be enjoined from receiving
commissions on. .business done the
company should be enjoined from
withholding information regarding the
order that may be required by the
auditor; the company should be en
joined from merging- into its order
other companies.
Deputy Attorney General Norris
Brown, who prosecuted the case for
the state, is well satisfied with the
report of the referee and will file a
motion for judgment upon the find
ings of facts submitted.
UNPROTECTED STATE PROPERTY.
Fire
at the State Capitol
Weuld
Cause a Great Loss.
LINCOLN. Millions of dollars in
state property lies unprotected in Ne
braska's capitol building, a veritable
firetrap, and in case of a conflaatkm
the loss to the taxpayers would soar
up into seven figures.
The state carries no insurance.
There is a provision in the statutes
for this, but tho legislature has not
made an appropriation for several
years. The oiled woodwork, the
draughty corridors and the peculiar
construction of the dome renders the
capitol dangerous should flames once
get a start. Fire experts declare that
a blaze not stamped out at once would
soon be beyond control.
Books valued at more than $1,000,-
000 lie on wooden shelves unprotected
from fire. Supreme court opinions
are stored away in the building and
their loss would cause much litiga
tion. Land titles, abstracts and legis
lative and public records are poorly
protected in antiquated vaults.
Students and visitors to Lincoln
flock to the capitol dome. Many of
them smoke and stubs of cigars and
cigarettes can be found strewn along
the rickety steps leading to the dome.
Two water tanks are located on the
roof of the capitol. but for a long
time these have not been connected
with hose.
Want a Receiver Appointed.
LINCOLN. A large number of per
sons interested in the suit of Henry
C. Rowntree against the National Lit!
and Trust Company of Chicago have
joined with him in asking that a re
ceiver be appointed to take charge of
the assets of the concern now in the
hands of the Iowa state auditor. The
suit was started several months ago
and the petition of intervention was
filed a few days ago.
Machine to Hang Paper.
PAPILLION, Neb. It is not often
that a preacher turns inventor, but
Rev. J. A. Holmes of Gretna is an ex
ception. He has invented a machine
to be used in hanging paper. The pa
per is placed in the machine, a crank
is turned and the paper is pasted,
trimmed and hung neatly on the wall.
With this contrivance about 200 rolls
of wall paper can be hanged in a day.
Water ar.d Light Statistics.
The Department of Labor is just
now busy collecting statistics regard
ing water works and electric light
plants, throughout the state. When
completed the tabulation will show
whether the plants are owned by the
municipality or by private parties, the
cost of construction, the cost of light
or water to the consumer, the amount
of bonds issued and other matter that
may be of interest to the people gen-
orally:
Return Fox to Asylum.
PAPILLION. Frank Fox, the in
sane man who escaped from the Lin
coln asylum and created so much ex-
citemeht in Fort Crook by his mur
derous actions, later attempting sui
cide, has been returned to the asylum
at Lincoln.
Deputy Treasurer to Resign.
TECUMSEH Deputy County Treas
urer A. P. Libby will shortly resign
and remove to Cody, Wyo., with his
family. Mr. Libby has bought a farm
near that place.
Making Trip to Jerusalem.
YORK Rev. and Mrs. W. Medlar
and Mr. and, Mrs. C. C. Cobb left for
an extended trip abroad and will be
gone some time. They sail from New
York City on March 8, gaing to Jeru
salem and Italy and many other in
termediate points of interest. Rev.
Medlar of the Congregational church
here is a delegate to the world's Sun
day school convention to be held at
Jerusalem on April 18. 19 and 20. Mr.
Cobb is one of York's successful and
pioneer merchants. The party will re
turn about the middle of May.
Militiamen to Go to School.
Gov. Mickey has recommended that
these members of the National Guard
be sent to. Leavenworth as students
in the general science and staff school
at that place, the government to pay
all expenses except for books, and
heat and light for one year: Captain
Eberly of Stanton, Captain Peebler of
Nelsofa. Captain Samons of Kearney,
First Lieutenant Davis of York, First
Lieutenant Hervey and Second Lieu
tenant Guy C. Furay of Omaha, and
Second Lieutenant I. S. Johnson of
Co. B, First regiment.
Grand Army at Beatrice.
CEDAR RAPIDS. A thief entered
the barn of F. M. Tully, who livea at
the edge of town, at about 2 o'clock
in the morning and stole his riding
horse, saddle, bridle and blanket.
There is no clue so far as to the thief.
Plans for David City Chautaueoa,
DAVID CITY. Hhe fourth annual
session of the David City Chautauqua
assembly will be held in Chautauqua
park; July 23 to 31 inclusive. E. Wil
liams and G. W. Gates will again have
the management of the assembly.
J
'.'V"
STATE NEWS
I -
;i3eaeva to talking nthe matter of
Baudlug ai
Actlag under orders from Hayot
Saultz, Chief AeheafeHer of Beatrice
aetifled owners of slet nutchines tc
cease operating them at oave.
Harry Vernon, while switching-a cat
at Lodge Pole, met with a serious ac
cident by Laving hts right foot and
left leg cut off at the thigh. .
Adolph Meiake of Grand Island,
aged 50 years, fell and was instantly
killed, apparently while ascending
into the hay loft of hie bam.
The Harlan County bank stock for
merly owned by Ed L. Wlttels was
sold last week to Edward S. Ftor of
Omaha, who will hereafter manage the
bank.
The Provident Accident association
of Omaha is a new mutual accident
Insurance company that filed articles
of incorporation with the secretary ot
state.
The Hastings Commercial club has
completed arrangemeats with Emer
ick Bros, of Blue Hill whereby the
latter flrm will transfer its plant to
Hastings.
Nebraska physicians must report all
cases of contagious diseases coming
under their notice, declared Attorney
General Front in a report fled with'
the state board of health.
While cleaning a revolver Frank
Stanley of PlattsaMuth had the mis
fortune to shoot himself In the left
leg. The bullet entered just above the
knee, inflicting a paiaful but not ae
rious wound.
Jeff Beauchamp, a prosperous youag
farmer living south of the river in
Webster county, was arrested for set
ting Are to about $200 worth of prairie
nay belonging to his brother-in-law,
George Drake.
The little three-year-old daughter of
Ab Sims, one of Hamilton county's
most prosperous farmers, living seven
miles west of Aurora, was strangled.
She was found suspended from the
cob house by her cloak.
Ice has taken out the north end of
the west bridge over the Republican
at Superior. The bridge was under
repairs at the time and the work will
necessarily be delayed, besides caus
ing a loss to the county.
The local loan nnd building asso
ciation is now an assured institution
for Humboiot. parties representing
nearly 250 of the subscribed shares
having met and completed organiza
tion by. selecting nine directors.
Sheriff Ress of Lnucaster county is
looking for A. H. West, a machinist
at the Havelock shops, who disap
peared recently. West was the treas
urer in a social event to be given for
local improvements, and with him dis
appeared $65 of the funds.
At Columbus Mike Mostek. who
was convicted of assault with intent
to commit rape, wns sentenced by
Judge Hollenbeck to three years aad
six months' penal servitude in the
penitentiary at IJncoln. no part of the
time to be solitary confinement.
James Malone. a special detective
for the Burlington road, arrived iu
Piattsmouth with Charles .E. Holmes,
who is wanted there on the charge of
perjury. Holmes was switching In the
railroad yards in Springfield. O.. when
arrested. His wife was with him.
Clay county last week held its first
farmers' institute. It was a success
aad well attended. Tne citizens of
Clay Center, where the institute was
held, provided entertainment and the -lectures
were very entertaining and
Instructive.
Helen Bechler, aged four, daughter
of Mr. and Mrs. Albert Bechler, who
live a mile and a half north of the Ev
erett store, in Dodge couaty, was
crushed to death by a ten-inch log
falling upon her. The accident occur
red at her home. The child lived but
fifteen minutes.
The extensive grain. lumber and
coal business of If. Hunker A Bro. in
West Point changed bands last week,
Weller Bros, of Kansas City becom
ing the purchasers. This is one of
the largest and oldest established lum
ber yards in the Elkhorn valley. Hun
ker Bros, having established it some
thirty-five years ago and have run it
continuously ever since.
The state board of public lands and
buildings will accept an offer of the
Van Dorn iron works to put 240 cells
in the state prison for the sum of $80,
000. The members had made a con
tract to allow the concern to place 159
cells in the penitentiary for $69,030.
State Auditor Weston refused to issue
the warrant, claiming that the lepls
lature meant to pay $333.33 for the
cells and the state board had contract
ed to pay $442.50 a cell.
The Fulton bloodhounds of Beat
rice were hurridely called to Seneca.
Kas., the other day, where they were
wanted to run down two men who
had broken jail and who were being
held for the robbing of a bank at
Golf, Kas.. some time ago.
The Burlington made a big cut in its
force of workmen at the Piattsmouth
shops, 102 men being laid off. The
men were taken out of the coach,
paint, machine and tin shops. The
foice, which has been about SCO for
nearly a year, has thereby been reduc
ed to less than 500 men.
Briefs in the appeal of the Miles
will case were filed in the supreme
court. Samuel Miles is dissatisfied
with the recent ruling in the district
court of Richardson county, refusing
him a new trial to present evidence
alleged to have recently been discov
ered. Charles Vavra, a student of the
state university, was fined $25 aad
costs in police court on the charge of
stealing a book valued at $2.75. Ac
tion by the university authorities will
probably follow. His home is at Ex
eter and his parents are supposed to
be spending the winter in Florida.
Joe Hines, a young unmarried man
living nesr Morse Bluff, was badly
wounded by the accidental discharge
of a revolver. He was handling the ,
weapon in a dry goods store at that
place when it went off. sending a bul
let into his caest in the region of the
heart.
The two-year-old son of W. J. Wnl
ter of Kearney met with a painful
accident. Mr. Walter was HelHng
some cough syrup. While hts back
wss turned the little one pulled over
the vessel containing the boiling li
quid, spilling it over his face, arm
and chest. He was terribly scalded,
the skin peeling from the flesh tn
places.
A little sob ot Mr. aBd Mrs. Charlen
Sapp, living la Todd Creek nreejuct
Gsge county, was attacked by a vi
clone cow, aad before the sasma)
coald be driven off the ehHd had t -'
ceived severe injuries, f
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