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A Winter Night.
'When out of door a blustering roar doth
make the poplars rock
And winter rattles at the door and tries
to 'break the lock,
A touch of fear Is wakened by tne
voices of the night.
For cold Is ever hungry and the norm
wind loves to bite.
The home In like a fortress where our
treasures we bestow.
Beset by a revengeful and Imperishable
- But the heart takes on new courage ana
forget its sense of dread
When Willie puts his nightie on and cud
dles into bed.
Why should the future darken with the
shadows of dismay? ....
We are the victors now, and shall be so
for many a day. i.i,
And if he sleeps and smiles with xaltn
in such as you and me.
What ought our trust In wisdom far Be
yond our own to be?
Pei haps cur place Is humble in the tou
, some march of life. ,..
Perchance we ne'er shall bear a glitter
ing trophy from the strife.
But it's something just to know this
youngster's glad and warm and tea
When Willie puts his nightie on and
cuddles into bed. ,
Washington Star,
Last Shot of the War.
John J. Jones of Cottonwood Falls,
Kan., Is the latest claimant for the dis
tinction of having fired the last shot in
the civil war.
Mr. Jones, who was in Kansas City
this week, tells in interesting story
of how. on May 17. 1865. a detachment
of the Third Wisconsin cavalry, of
which he was a member, chased a
band of guerillas, among which was
Jesse Janes. He fired at the bandit
The shot, he asserts, was the last
Ired during the war.
Mr. Jones was twenty years old at
the time and a private in the Wiscon
sin regiment. He is now foreman of
a stone quarry in Cottonwood Falls.
This is his story:
"In. April, 18C5, the Third Wiscon
sia of which I was a member, was as
signed to Missouri to assist in the sup
pression of the guerillas, who were
terrorising the state, including the
Home Guard. We made our headquar
ters In Lexington and we did not
have to organize searching parties to
discover bushwhackers who would
give4ip arguments.
The Incident in which I figured so
conspicuously took place on May 17.
1865. A party of seventeen of us were
returning along the Warrensburg road
to Lexington from a scouting trip. We
had reached a point about four and a
half miles from there, when we heard
sounds of a conflict ahead. Puttiug our
horses to a gallop we suddenly came
upon the scene of the trouble. A. de
tachment of nine or ten guerillas was
exchanging a few shots with a party of
forty-two of the Home Guards.
"When the bushwhackers, one of
whom was Jesse James, saw our rein
forcements coming up they charged
the Home Guards, and. brushing them
side, galloped up a narrow byroad.
Two of them separated from the main
body and pointed their horses' noses
across the field. A part of my detach
ment began the chase for these, while
seven of us started after the others.
"I-rode the best horse in our party
and before I knew it 1 was consider
ably, in advance of my companions,
gaining rapidly on the guerillas. 1
afterward learned that the Home
Guard did not take up the chase, as
they feared an ambush.
"I had not gone far when I saw
ahead of mc the bushwhackers, halted.
They fired three or four shots at uie
and then continued the rerreat. I
could hear my companions coming up,
and again set out after the enemy at
a hot pace. A hundred yards further
on the guerillas pumped a few more
Ineffectual shots at mc. Turning a
bend in the road I again came upon
the band, and my predicament this
time was no enviable one. They
were drawn up in line, and only a
ditch separated them and me.
"I had been coming at a fast gallop
and It was impossible for me to check
my horse, -as they think I thought I
would try to do. Digging my spurs
Into my "horse I took the jump. After
the fight I measured the ditch and
found It seventeen and a half feet
wide
"When I reined up I was In the
midst of the band and my surrender
was demanded immediately. My horse,
however, was lashing about, and he
communicated this spirit to their
mounts. The horses became unman
ageable, and to this. 1 think. I owe my
life, for none of them could shoot with
out taking a great chance or shooting
one .of their own party. Hearing my
companions coming, the guerillas
agata retreated, halting about two
hundred yards further on. The road
formed a horseshoe bend, so that the
I distance between us, straight across,
was about thirty yards. There was a
: pond to separate us. and I tried to cut
across the water to get ahead of them.
Others of my party coming up, how
ever, we determined to again follow
the feeing guerillas along the road.
"After a short chase the guerillas
reined up and backed into a thick
growth of underbrush to reload.
Presently one advanced far enough
out of cover to take a shot.
"The man was Jesse James. My
shot was effective, striking him full in
the right breast. We saw him reel
ia the saddle and drop his revolver.
Then he disappeared in the under
brush, and although the chase was
ooattaued we did cot succeed in cap
turing any of the band.
rOa May 21 'Dave' Poole, an officer
of: the guerillas, surrendered in War
reassure; with forty of his .band to
CapL John Bernard of the Third Wis
consin. Jesse James was among the
number, and It was then learned that
it was he that I wounded. James
was brought Into Warrensburg on a
stretcher and was taken to an upper
roost la the hotel. He and I became
quite frleadly. He told me that, soon
after we gave np the chase, his com
paaioas left him. first hiding him in a
clump of bushes. Twenty-four hours
later he was picked up by a fanner.He
was three years and a half recovering
from the wound.
"Some time later, as a reward for
sty action that day I was offered my
- choice betweea a lieutenant's com
mission or a cadetship at West Point
I refused both. I am confident that
the saat I fired at Jesse James that
day was the last shot of the war."
New York Herald.
A War-Time "Trade,"
-Gem. Loagstreet used to tell a good
asj stories to show that the men
of his command always treated cap
tares! TJaioa soldiers with as much
and kindness as was
the circumstances. He
said that his orders on this polat were
very strict, and he never knew any of
his bmb to disobey. As he went on
mm
?M"S
?a
3
to explain bow proud he was of the
record of his men en this point a lis
tener, employed in one of the depart
ments at Washington interrupted bint.
"Undoubtedly your orders were
strict, general," he said, "but I hap
pen to know that they -were evaded.
For example, in east Tennessee you
ordered your men to respect the be
longings of prisoners, and this is the
way some of them did it. 1 wore a
good pair of army shoes, nearly new.
One day a good-natured fellow in gray
with no shoes to speak of walked
along our line looking intently at the
shoes of the 'captured Unionists. He
put his foot by the side of mine, and,
remarking that I was just his size,
added, 'Old Pete (Longstreet) says he
will have every man shot who steals
anything from a prisoner. To save
my life, won't you trade shoes with
me, for I must have them shoes.' Of
course I traded, as did other prison
ers." At this Longstreet smiled, but
Insisted that the story didn't prove
anything.
A Double Resurrection.
Gen. Barlow of the Union army fell
wounded, and it was thought, dying,
during the first day of the battle of
Gettysburg, and within the Confeder
ate lines. Gen. Gordon, cantering by,
saw him and recognized him. Dis
mounting lie approached the prostrate
man and inquired what he could do
for him.
"I am dying." said Barlow. "Just
reach into my coat pocket, draw out
the letter you find there, and read it
to me. It is from my wife."
Gordon read the letter.
"Now, General," said Barlow,
"please destroy that letter. I want
you to notify her she is in the town
over yonder what has happened to
me."
"I will." replied Gordon.
He sent for Mrs. Barlow, giving her
safe conduct through the Southern
lines, and then rode away, certain
that Barlow's death was a question ol
only a few hours at most
But Barlow did not die. His wife
came promptly and had him removed
to the town of Gettysburg, where she
nursed him so faithfully that he re
covered. Many years passed, until one night
both generals were guests at a dinner
in Washington. Some one brought
them together and formally introduced
them. Time had altered the personal
appearance of both.
"Are you any relation to the Gen.
Barlow who was killed at Gettys
burg?" asked Gordon.
"Yes. a very near relation," answer
ed Barlow with a laugh, "l am the
very man who was killed. But I have
oeen informed that a man named Gor
don lost his life in battle later on. He
saved my life at Gettysburg. Are you
any kin to that man?"
"I am he," was the reply.
Both heroes laughed as they gave
each other a heartier handshake.
r ittshurg Dispatch.
A Bit of Medical History.
"The subject of the first use of the
hypodermic syringe was discussed at
the last meeting of the army surgeons
in New Orleans last spring," said Dr.
R. D. Jackson, "and one surgeon
stated that ihe first lime it was used,
he thought, was in the Army oE the
Tennessee. While in the Tennessee
army I wrote a friend in Augusta. M-.
J. P. K. Walker, to try to get me a
hypodermic syringe and send it to me.
I never had seen one. but thought
from what I had beard about it that
it would be very useful in relieving the
wounded soldiers of pain.
"My friend was fortunate enough in
securing one from a physician and
sent It to me while I was on duty at
the hospital at Ringgold, Ga. I exhib
ited it to my friends the surgeons
there, eighteen in number none of
them had ever seen one before. At
that time I was treating a very severe
case of dysentery, the patient being
a chaplain from Texas and one of
Gen. Braggts most reliable scouts. One
of the surgeons suggested that we try
the hypodermic syringe on the pa
tient, which was done by inserting a
quarter of a grain of morphine in the
back. It is possible that the army
surgeon at the New Orleans conven
tion who referred to the first use of
the syringe in the Tennessee army was
one of the eighteen I have referred
to. ' Chattanooga News.
Gordon's Army Rank.
Since the death of Gen. Gordon his
war record has been the theme of uni
versal comment, which has given rise
to a question as to just what his legal
rcck was at the fall of the Confeder
acy. This question was answered by the
lamented Gordon himself in a letter
he wrote iu 1899. This letter is as
follows:
"Homer III.. Oct 23. 1899.
"My Dear Major Yours of the 17th
has been forwarded to me on my lec
ture tour.
"I was informed by Gen. Brecken
ridge, secretary of war, while my
corps was at Petersburg, that I had
been made a lieutenant-general.
"Like a great many other cases at
that period of the war, my comrais
s.on never reached nie. I was, how
ever, accorded the rank and assign
ment, but was waiting for my commis
sion to the last before signing offi
cially as lieutenant general.
"J. B. Gordon.
"Major S. A. Cunningham. Nashville.
Tenn., editor Confederate Veteran."
New Pension Bill.
The National Committee on Pen
sions of the Grand Army of the Re
public, consisting of Comrades Charles
G. Burton, chairman, Nevada, Mo.;
A. A. Taylor, Cambridge. Ohio; John
C. Linehan. Penacook. N. H.; H. E.
Taintor. Hartford, Conn.; Bernard
Kelly. Topeka, Kan.; L. B. Raymond.
Hampton. Iowa, and James Owens.
New York city, met in Washington
and formulated a pension bill in ac
cordance with the instructions of the
last National Encampment. The bill
calls for a pension of $12 a month to
every soldier who served ninety days
in the Union army during the civil war
and who was honorably discharged,
ard who has attained the age of C2
years. . .
Armories for Canadian-Militi?.
Canada is planning to spend aboat
$2,000,000 oa armories for her-sailitls.
Most of the haildings wilbe erected
in the country districts. There will
be a'permament militia post at Montreal.
afcj i -5p?VwL FsJVaTsTlBnvBE
.Know the Weeds.
This, is, more important than it
seems at first sight Not until &
fanner learns something about the
weeds on his farm; their life, habits
and the injury they are doing, -will he
be Interested enough to try and erad
icate them, says Professor L.'R. Wal
dron of .-the North Dakota station.
The quantity of weeds upon many of
the Indians' farms in this state is
notorious and it is here that we find
the knowledge in regard to weeds,
and consequently the, interest taken
In their removal, at its lowest ebb.
It is when we find the weed question
becoming a part of the fanner's con
science, a part of his moral life, that
we have great Lopes for the future of
that man's farm. This can' come about
only through the channel of educa
tion. An 'observing farmer learns in
two or three years the weeds that are
most abundant upon his farm, also
those that are doing, him the greatest
amount of damage. He can also learn
the names cf these upon inquiry, or
they can be sent to the experiment
station, where information concerning
them will be cheerfully furnished.
A piece of land is infested with a
certain kind of weed which becomes
more abundant than all other kinds.
The method of rotation the farmer is
using increases rather than decreases
tie weed. If he knows the habit of
this weed he can change his rotation
soon enough to prevent Its becoming
very abundant If ho knows the ap
pearance of the seed, he will quit
sowing grain containing that Treed
seed. An example came under the
writer's observation some time ago.
A piece of lani was infested with wild
mornicg glory or bindweed. This
weed is a perennial and spreads by
means cf deep-seated underground
stems. ThK- land bad been seeded for
several years in such a way as not to
hinder the growth of this weed. By
the middle of June the morning glory
bad almost complete possession of
the field and from that time the wheat
crop was doomed. Had the farmer
known this weed and the nature of
it a few years ago, he could have got
ten rid of it without muca trouble,
whereas now the land is practically
worthless and a large amount of labor
will be necessary to exterminate it
If every farmer knew the Canada this
tle on sight and kept a sharp lookout
for it many of the thistle pat.Iies
could be gotten rid of easily; but the
plants become deep-rooted after four
or five years and difficult to eradicate.
The Wheat Crop, 1903.
Below we give, by states and terri
tories, the yields of winter and siring
wheat, for the year 1903, as compiled
by the United States Department of
Agriculture.
WIXTS2 WSXAT.
States and Ter
ritories. Yield
per
acre.
Produc
tion. A
Acreage.
Aerts.
Bush
RuthtU.
New York .
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware i
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina .
South Carolina .
Georgia
Florida
Alabama .
Mississippi .
Louisiana ...
Texas
Arkansas..
Tennessee
West Virginia...
Kentucky .
Ohio
Michigan
Indiana
Illinois
ViK.'o::iiii .
Minnesota.......
Iowa .
Missouri ...
Kansas
.Nebraska .
Idaho ....
Washington
Oregon
California
Oklahoma
Indian Territorr-
United States
AM.G39
ll3.4oo
1-.C69.131
1I4.4S9
S0i..V7
KSi.060
irro.soi
3.56'J
17.8
14.0
15.6
10.2
12.5
8.7
5.1
6.5
6.2
"SKI
S.O
'tt.4
7.0
7.1
10.2
S.4
H.7
15.5
10.0
S.4
!o.O
il's
8.7
14.0
10.4
21.0
20.1
18.9
11.2
11.9
12.0
9,683.894
26.039.44l
1.1G7.7SS
10.120.838
C.999.646
S.228.60S
1.750 .95
1.S59.740
"i""e6""ir
28.552
"59886173
1.922.578
7.623.070-
4.12M.807
7.728.JX
29.a03.5K
15.524.662
23.994.030
16.571.940
2.fc.7
T27""0
22.191 M
83.316.014
S5.S09.302
2.682.939
7.517.179
6.957.581
20.926.192
24 .482.637
2.996.292
1.483
J74,
1,03
404.
via
2.GO
l.U
'.:jv.,
1.97.!.
,595
est
an
7S.
AM
feO.IM
2.551.1(0
.r..961.146
:183.494
' U7.759
373.989
368.I2T.
1.868.410
1. 613.130
249.691
:S2.510.5I0 1 12.3
399.867.250
&ps::;o wheat.
States and Tcr- Acrease. PS? "p
ntonea. acre. "ou-
Acres. Bush Bushels.
Ma!no - S.ln.2 2V5 207..-M6
New Hampshire
Vcnr.oi:t 1.7tis 23.U 35.697
Wiscons::! ' -KW.Sfti 14 6 5.KIV55T
Minnesota r.3:.3Zb U 1 70.6T.2..VJ7
Iowa ::v.Sit; 121 Il.2W.frJ4
Missouri...
Kansas 2J0.WW 17.1 3.933.513
Nebraska .'.Ol.s-W 12.6 6.348.258
South Dakota .5.-1J.I 13 8 47.2i2.994
Koiih Dakota 4.3411.6V! 12.7 55.240.530
Montana lW.73.1i 28.2 2.781.327
Wyoming -.'-'.UT? '20.9 473.740
Colorado 27:.M 26.6 7.423..1SI
New Mexico ; 44.712 1K.4 822.701
Arizona W.12S 25.3 .483.961
Utah ... 1S3.897 22.6 4.156.072
Nevada . 21.436 27.6 591.358
Idaho 114.791 21.3. 2.44.1.018
Washington - 608.252 20..1 12.469.166
Oregon 316.se 17.3 &481.216
California................. ...... ............
Oklahoma . .....
Indian Territory . .
Cnited States. 16.954.4.-.7' 14.0 237.ffi4.585
The Silo Profitable.
Last week one of the subscribers
of the Farmers' Review, Mr. C. I.
Casey of Lake county, Illinois, brought
into the office a sample of excellent
silage. It was neither too acidy nor
too dry, and showed that it had been
cut at just the right time. This
shows the difference between the silo
now and fifteen years ago. Then,
the man that built a silo knew so lit
tie about the time when the silage
corn should be cut that he generally
made a mistake the first time and cut
too early or two late. His too-early
cut corn made a very sour silage, and
his corn cut too late resulted in the
silage that heated. It generally took
him seme years to learn just when
to cut his corn to get good silage.
Before learning how, by experience, a
good many men got discouraged and
gave up the silo. But that condition
exists no longer. The agricultural
world is cow full of knowledge of
how to build silos and fill them. The
Lcginner can thoroughly inform him
self as to time when the corn should
be cut, and make no mistake. He
need not therefore experiment for
years before being able to get a good
quality of silage.
The silo referred to above was built
this last fall and was completed just
in time to save jce corn crop, which
had been caught by the frost The
silo is of the stave variety, 16 feet in
diameter. 22 feet high and will hold
about 100 tons of silage. Mr. Casey
tells us that his silo is set 15 inches
in the ground and has a cement
foundation and floor. 'The cost was
about a3 follows: lumber, 80; hoops,
$24.50. cement. $5; labor. $10; total.
$119.50. Farmers Review.
Second Siberian Railroad.
A surveying party is now engaged
fa defining the route of the second Si
berian railroad. The party will project
the line in such a manner that in.
j stead of four daily trains .cf twenty
cars eaca, nine trains or thirty-six cars
each can run every twenty-four hours.
For this improvement 10.000.000 rubles
($5450.000) are appropriated.
Better Milk Demanded.
I telieve that we are entering upon
an era that will see great 'improve
ment in the market milk business,
says Prof. R. A. Pearson.- The public
is being slowly educated and a dis
criminaticg demand is becoming evi
dent. To partly supply this demand a
large number of very high class
dairies have been established within
the last few years and their products
are being retailed at prices from 10
to IS cents per quart. It may be an
swered that some of these have failed,
but from my personal knowledge of
a number of them I am satisfied that
the failures are more often due to
lack of good business management
than any ether cause. One of the
chief causes for the noticeable
change in public opinion is .the intel
ligent interest in the milk supply
which is shown by some physicians.
We know that many physicians are
very ignorant and some are very un
reasonable when it comes to dairy
questions, but some are well posted
upon practical dairying as well r- the
theory, and they are leavening the en
tire profession. It is especially
worthy of note that medical students
arc now receiving more instruction
on milk than formerly. Milk commis
sions have been organized, by physi
cians in some cities to encourage the
production of high-grade milk. They
endorse the product of dairies that
are conducted in the careful manner
prescribed by the commission, and
their endorsement assists in develop
ing trade. A step toward better milk
is again shown by the fact that in one
of our large cities arrangements are
now being made toward the purchase
of all milk for public institutions un
der a contract that will require cer
tain sanitary conditions as well as a
minimum fat content. Heretofore, the
only requirement has been that the
milk should contain the legal amount
of fat and not be sour. Most decid
edly there is a small, but growing de
mand for better market milk and at
a fair price. It is to the interest of
every dairyman to look well to his
own work and see that it is being
conducted in the best possible man
ner. Saniutry principles must be ob
served where pure milk is produced
or handled, and the time is past for
discounting the common sense idea of
introducing ordinary cleanly methods
into places where our moct delicate
and most important food is produced
and handled.
Temperature of Stored Butter.
The Wisconsin Dairy School has
completed some tests on the temper
ature at which storage butter should
be kept. It has been quite generally
assumed that if butter were kept
frozen that that was all that could
be dons for it. It was believed con
fidently that once frozen there could
be no change in anything. The ex
periments referred to seem to have
upset this theory and would seem
to indicate that there are forces in
butter that can operate even at tem
peratures below the freezing point.
Two lots of butter of equal quality
were stored under two different con
ditions of temperature. One lot was
held at 15 degrees above zero and
the other at 5 degrees below zero.
When the two lots were taken out
it was found that the lot held at 15
degrees above zero had deteriorated
in quality, while the lot held at 5 de
grees beiow zero had retained all its
quality and had come out of storage
in first-class condition.
Thi.; expcrlrKPRt sho'i!' !ip follnwf1'!
up by others, and it doubtless will
be. If the same results are obtained
it will be a demonstration of immense
value to the makers of butter and to
the public generally. It will make it
more possible than ever before to
store butter in midsummer under
such conditions that it will come out
of storage in midwinter in a fresh
condition, ratb.tr than showing age.
It will also be possible to apply this
new information to the transportation
of butter on long ocean voyages, such
as that from New Zealand to Eng
land; for at the present time Austral
asian butter doss lose something in
quality in its transit.
When Pasteurization Fails.
Pasteurization alone will not en
able us to make a uniform grade of
butter, although it is the first step
toward it, said M. Mortensen in an ad
dress to dairymen. When the cream
is pasteurized, from 95 to 99 per cent
of the germs are supposed to be de
stroyed, then by adding a good start
er we obtain perfect control of the
fermentation in the cream and by
always keeping a uniform starter
and by ripening the cream uniformly
we will always produce butter of the
same quality. This is almost Impos
sible when the fermentation, already
in the cream, is not destroyed. With
out the buttermaker having good
knowledge of the preparation of
starters and the ripening of cream he
will find that pasteurization will be
no advantage to him but rather to bis
disadvantage. A good share of our
Iowa butter is spoiled because of the
buttermaker's ignorance of starters
and cream ripening. The starter, if
any is used is allowed to be overripe,
and in that case it contains active fer
mentation very undesirable in butter
making. The cream is allowed to be
overripe and the result is similar. The
butter made from such cream will
have a very poor flavor when fresh
and when a few days old it becomes
rancid.
Butter for the Navy.
The government i3 exceedingly ex
acting in its requirements as to tho
composition of the butter it uses in
its service, and thereby sets a good
example. It does not propose to be
deceived on the amount of water the
butter contains or ou the quantity of
salt to be found in it. A Kansas com
pany made a contract with the gov
ernment to supply 400,000 pounds to
the navy. The government require
ments are that the butter shall be put
np in cans, shall be sterilized, shall
not contain over 13 per cent of mois
ture, shall have no coloring matter,
and that the salt shall be at the rate
of from three-fourths of an ounce to
an ounce for every pound of butter.
When the general public gets to be
more exacting, we will have a higher
quality of butter.
Go to the country where man Htm
close to nature's heart; study .him as
he there meets the problems .of life,
and you will find literature waloa la
realistic la the best and truest sease.
Men of the country are to our aatioaal
life what -the steel frame is to our
mighty stoae or brick structures 'when
the crisis comes that shakes tha aa
tioa to its foaadatkm. It Is tk loyal
hearts and clear brains of, the coaatry
folks which save it from destruction
(Ian McLaren) Rer. John Watsoa.
Range for Geese.
We have never raised large flocks
of geese for market purposes. A few
years ago we decided, to raise, geese
because we liked the birds and
thought they would no doubt prove
a source of income, as well as our
other stock. We chose the large Tou
louse, or "dry-hind geese, as many
fanners call them, and since we have
become' better acquainted with these
valuable birds Lave become enthusias
tic fanciers of the breed. Wo not only
have a number of flocks out on farms,
but annually rear a goodly flock at
home. A goose will no doubt thrive
en any kind of green forage, hut a
good bluegrass pasture' is undoubtedly
the best and most substantial range
for them. We have never used, a cer
tain number of acres for a certain
number of geese, but use one pasture
for horses, cows, pigs and geese, as
we never aim to run stock enough to
impoverish the same. The range is
at all times during the forage season
good. Geese graze like cattle; that
is, they can live on grass duripg the
summer; but we always feed the old
birds a little grain at nights usually
whole corn. The young or growing
stock is well fed on mash and later
grain till fully matured. We do this
to push growth; always find it pays.
If the geese were intended alone for
the tabk It might not "e profitable to
feed quito so liberally .s a pound or
two more on. a bird would not be
worth so much, but from the fancier's
standpoint, pounds mean dollars when
added to a large specimen. However,
it costs little if any more to put a
pound on a goose than on any other
farm animal which all thrifty farm
ers know should be done. We be
lieve one could not miss the right
number of geese far tbat a certain
number of acres a t'.:l pasture
would, support by taking cattle as the
standard. For instance a goose would
require as much forage to its size as
a covs to hers, all things being equal,
the cow not giving milk or being wor
ried too much by flies. Now this is
only theory, and we may be wrong,
but are inclined to think, if we are,
that the smaller consumer to size
would be the goose, as unless geese
are kept well plucked during the sum
mer or grazing season they are light
eaters. To all beginners, the goose
must have plenty of forage end water
during the season. A swimming
place will rot injure old stock (isn't
necessary though) unless you wish
to fatten. Would be pleased to hear
from some one that has experimented
along the line of the amount of pas
ture for geese In comparison with cat
tle. In other words, how many geese
would a pasture support that would
pasture one medium sized cow?
Mrs. B. F. Bishop,
Iroquois County, 111.
Poultry in Orchards.
Here and there we have seen apple
and plum orchards being used for
poultry yards. The plum orchard
seems to be the favorite. There are
several advantages in favor of this
combination. In the first place it
greatly increases the size of the poul
try yard, aad this is a feature well
worth considering. Then the hens
keep the ground pretty well clear of
weeds and this removes the necessity
for cultivation. This would apply
more to a full grown orchard than to
a young one, for in the case of the
growing orchard it is best to culti
vate during the early years to compel
the r.'.ut.j iu xtr'Le deeply. A plum
orcLurd used as a poultry park should
be in its best condition for bearing
fruit. If the fowls are quite numerous
the droppings will be no inconsider
able item in the fertilization of the
orchard. Late in the summer it would
be possible to sow some cover crop,
which would serve both as feed for
the poultry and as a protection to the
roots of the trees. On most soils such
sowing could be made without culti
vating, the hens having kept the
ground in sufficiently loose state to
enable the seed to get hold of the
soil. As catchers of curculio we do
not regard the poultry as a cuccess.
The only time the birds have a chance
to do good work in this direction is
when the wormy plums fall. If the
latter are ripe enough the birds eat
the plums and worms they contain.
We would be- pleased to hear u-om
readers that have tried keeping poul
try in orchards.
Salt in the Poultry Feed.
There is a prevalent notion that
salt is poisonous to fowls, and this
popular impression is based on many
unhappy experiences with it when fed
too liberally. It may safely be said
that salt is poisonous if fed largely.
It is not poisonous when fed in mod
erate amounts, that is, at the rate of
one ounce or less to 100 hens per
day. It is tme that a good many
fowls have been killed by eating salt,
both in the form of crystals and in
fish that have been oversalted, and
for that reason thrown away. It may
be taken for granted that meat and
fish not too salt fcr human food
would not poison bens. The most
usual way of killing fowls with salt
is the careless throwing out of the
rock salt in the bottoms of barrels
that have been used for meat or fish.
The birds eat it under the impression
that they are eating grit A corre
sponding amount taken into a human
stomach wouid also have a fatal re
sult. The Spraying of Plants.
Less than forty years ago the
spraying of plants with insecticides
or fungicides was unknown, and, if
even thought of, were not seriously
contemplated as being a part of good
husbuidry, says Professor F. M. Web
ster. A spraying machine in those
days would have excited almost as
much cariosity as would a telephone
or a modern typewriter. There was,
indeed, less need for such a machine
west of the Allegheny Mountains at
Icust. The need of insecticides and
fungicides, and the machinery neces
sary for their application, has come
to us with the advance of civilization
mid followed the destruction of tne
Torests, the prairie flora, the wild an
imals and the dusky aborigine. They
are the outcome, either direct or in
direct, of our more intense civiliza
tion and must not only be adopted
by the successful fruit grower or
farmer, as a part of his business, but
hu must improve upon them, precisely
an be Improves upon the varieties of
his fruits and the breeds of his do
mestic animals, and for the same rea
sons. He must produce, continually,
more perfect fruit, more desirable
vegetables, more tender and juicy
beef, ssd setter horses, else he caa
uot dlspoie of them profitably to his
fellow man, who needs them and is
bio to pay for whatever he needs.
SreiT3i QJkS-It TC STATE W A NUTSHELL.
JalBBBBBBisBrBRLBt - I
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An Illinois Peach Orchard.
(Fanners' Review.)
As I have a little leisure, I think
I will give the readers of' the Farm
ers' Review a sketch of our peach
orchard of thirteen acres. Not that
peaches pay very largely except to
improve our health by keeping u?
out of doors. But when we do get
a crop, oh, my, how we do enjoy
them! How we do long to fill up our
jars, cans and crocks with the lus
clous fruit, to be used in the yean
to come. Crawford peaches do not dr
well with us, as they are shy bearers.
However, the trees generally bear s
few each year. Some of them an
large and fine, but the rest are medi
um to small and are one-sided. The
Elberta Is also a shy bearer here, bu
forty miles away is said to bear well
Tho tree seems more hardy than an)'
other kind, and the fruit needs nr
thinning. The fruit, when fully de
veloped, Is beautiful, being long anr'
yellow. But ours were of a different
yellow than those shipped from the
south, and- we purchased our stock
from three different nurserymen,
showing that climate makes the dif
ference in color. Possibly if we had
got our stock from the same locality.
in the south where light colored El
bertas are being grown, the trees
would bear light and bright-colored
yellow peaches here. Our Triumph
peaches did well and the people that
bought them said they were good
enough for them, but the trees have
fruited for only two years. I see that
some people say they do no. do
eic-ily well every year, but are some
times very disappointing. The years
that our trees bore, the fruit was very
large and fine- and bright reddish
yellow in color. The young trees
were just as full as they need be and
the fruit had to be thinned. They do
not rot easily after being picked.
They may also be left hanging on the
trees for several days after being
ripe and still will hold their texture.
When fully ripe people like them very
much for canning, as they do not ad
here to the pit.
Alexander peaches do well with us.
but they rot easily and must be
picked as soon as ripe. As they are
clings, they are not so good to
can as are the freestones, though the
clings are ahead of almost any other
kind, as to quality. In canning, the
Alexanders seem to lose some of
their richness in cooking. But they
are very rich and choice and are best
eaten out of hand. When ripe we
think they are even ahead of the
beautiful Greensboro, which ripens at
about the same time. The latter will
delight anyone that is an enthusiast
over peaches. But the birds like the
Greensboro peaches so much that,
they have to be picked as soon as
ripe, or tb birds will mutilate them.
After a bird has picked a peach, the
bees get at it and make a large hole
in a short time.
The Champion Is our ideal for a
white peach, as it is very rich and
luscious. It is perhaps not so at
tractive to the eye as some, because
not so highly colored. But our Cham
pion peaches are not all alike. On
some of the trees the peaches will all
be large, with red cheeks, while on
other trees the peaches are only of
medium size. On the old trees the
Champion peaches are the smallest
of all. Our Champion trees come from
different nurserymen, which. I think.
is the cause of their not being alike.
Budding from the be?t is what we are
now doing, since our first orchard
was destroyed. We think every
orchardist should learn how to hud
his own trees, if he wants the best
We mark our best while they are in
fruiting, and when budding time
comes, take our buds from them.
The Champion is a very fine peach
for canning. The juice is very thick
and- rich, and the peach does not fall
to pieces as much as some others.
The Crosby is a fine peach when han
dled aright, but it needs much thin
ning or it will be smail. But it bears
when any other tree bears, and on
that account is a tree that should be
largely planted. The Crosbys are not
all alike and differ very much in the
quality of their fruit. Birds never
work on Crosby peaches because
they are so woolly, and also because
the fruit is late, ripening about the
middle of September.
As peaches often fail, we should
try to grow only the ones that gen
erally succeed in our locality, and
this takes a good many years to find
out. In our first orchard only about
one-half of the 1.C00 trees bore enough
to pay. Some of the peaches were
little and scattering; others were
large but few on a tree. Others
ripened up all at once and could
hardly be gotten from the tree be
fore half rotten; others fell from the
tree almost as soon as ripe. These
would usually rot so quickly that
they could hardly be marketed before
being rotten, especially in a rainy
time.
To make peaches pay, we find It
quite essential to make a study of
them, and also of their culture. Our
first orchard was very much both
ered with borers, but since the hard
freeze that killed so many trees we
have seen nothing of the borers, and
are wondering if the freeze did not
kill the borers, too. We find the best
way to deal with borers is to mound
up the trees in spring, and also once
or twice each spring and fall go to
each tree and look for borers, which
may quickly be found by tne lumps
of wax at the bases of the trees.
These are filled with little dark spots
the size of the head of a pi. or small
er. Dig them out with a sharp-pointed
pocket knife. Most of the borers
are found at the collar of the tree
just below the ground. Generally
they eat their way under the bark and
go to one side or down the tree, which
trench we must dig open to find the
borer. The forks and sides of the
tree need also to be looked over, and
the borers dug out if much wax is ex
uding, as a borer in the forks will
destroy tiie bark and cause the tree
to split down. The wounds made by
the borers and by digging them out
should be healed over by a wax made
or rosin and old beeswax.
Warren Co., 111. Mrs. I C. Axtell.
Pay of French Teachers.
The men who teach iu French
schools are to get hereafter from $240
to $440 a year; the women teachers
get $40 less.
Nests should be made so that they
can be taken out and cleansed In any
way. The litter in them should be
frequently renewed.
The business of poultry raising is a
very large one, and the annual aggre
gate production of eggs and poultry .
meat is enormous.
The depot building at Crete was de
stroyed by Are. '
Dr. A. Offeman, - Auburn's flrst
physician, died last week.
Organisation of a' commercial club
tioo hoan nartoetA at Ttoatrirp.
A series of revival meetings have
fc. i.rt"a i. f!niuhua.
Steps are being taken to provide a
new court house for Burt county.
Mrs. Paul ScaaUcke of Nebraska
City was seriously burned by a gas
explosion.
Revival services have commenced
In Table Rock and will be continued
for some time?
At Beatrice John Jacknbofsky. a Po
lander, was sentenced to thirty days
in the county jail for beating his
wife.
Charles Hagedorn of Papillion lost
one of his large stallions, the animal
dyiag of a lung trouble. Its value was
$2,500.
Mrs. Prof. Graham of Papillion com
pletely severed a tendon in her wrist
by falling upon a piece of broken
china. The injury is severe.
Marclz 1 the free rural delivery sys
tem of Adams county will le extended
by the installation of seven new
routes from the following centers:
Two from Juniata, two from Kvnesaw.
one each from Roscland, Ayr and Hoi
stein. Antone Sacks, an 8-year-old loy. re
siding at 505 'North "Twelfth strcc-t,
Omaha, was run over by a rig driven
by Frank C. Egan and received in
juries which resulted in his death.
Egan was arrested on a charge of as
sault. State Treasurer Mortensen has un
der advisemeat an offer from the
county board of Burt county to pur
chase $85,000 in bonds Issued for the
building of a court house. He is fav
orably impressed with the offer and
will probably purchase the bonds. The
interest rate is 4 per cent.
Mrs. Julia Smith, shot by a. man
named SIgler at St. Louis, was for
merly a resident of Lincoln. In that
city she lived with her husband- near
Twentieth and N streets. She created
a sensation by digging the sum of
$1,486 up from the cellar floor, de
claring that her husband was cruel
and starting a divorce suit. She was
allowed to retain the money and soon
after left ihe city.
Mrs. Henry Schneider, aged forty
two years, wife of a farmer lv!r'
Wasbingtoa county a mile and a half
from Fontanelle. died, lollowing an
accident which made necessary the
amputation of an arm. She was
working near a feed grinder when the
limb was caught between two cog
wheels, breaking the bones twice above
and twice below the elbow. Blood
poisoning and death resulted.
Attorney General Prout has gone to
Washington, where he will defend the
right of Nebraska to Island precinct,
a piece of territory isolated from Ne
maha county by the Missouri river.
The commissioners appointed by the
court completed their labors in De
cember and the attorney general
claims the evidence in the case is fav
orable to Nebraska and against the
contentious of the Missouri attorneys.
The case will be heard in the United
States supreme court.
Butte is looking forward to a large
growth this year. Thirty business
houses and residences will be built the
coming summer, and the town is now
recognized as the largest In North
west Nebraska and the business cen
ter for a large territory, drawing ter
ritory from Holt. Gregory and Keya
Paha counties. The large flouring
mill and electric plant, operated by
C. A. Johnson and Pickler. is running
both day and night. It also furnishes
the electric lights for Butte. A court
house will be built early in the
spring.
Andy Mann, a business man of Hast
ings, came home from Xinden with
the bone of his leg fractured just
above the ankle joint, which he re
ceived by a fall.
The Argo starch factory at Nebras
ka City has commenced operations
and will begin grinding corr. The full
force will be employed by March and
a steady run is expected
William Bcaringer. who had been in
the asylum at Lincoln about three
months, returned to Orchard last
week, and attempted suicide by chok
ing himself with a belt. Ho will be
returned to Lincoln.
Conductor Ratcliffe. of the Ord
branch passenger train had aa experi
ence the other evening while bring
ing his train down from Valley county
which caused the passengers in the
first coach to think that possibly the
Russian navy was in the vicinity. The
fuses and torpedoes en hand in the
baggage coach suddenly began to dis
charge without just cause or provoca
tion and it was necessary to stop the
train and apply all the crew toward
putting out the fire. The flames were
extinguished and no serious damage
was done.
At its session recently the county
board of Hall county by unanimous
vote adopted a resolution calling for
a special election on the proposition
of authorizing the board to sell the
old court house property, donated
to the county by the Union Pacific in
early days, for court house purposes. (
in any sum not less than $10,00.
Edward Himes, a corporal in the
Twenty-second infantry, tried at the
fall term of tho district court of
Sarpy county for criminal assault upon
Miss Hammond of Fort Crook, and
found guilty, was given a second trial
when he was again found guilty.
Mrs. Barbara Zwieble lost the use
of her left eye in a very peculiar man
ner. While she was on the street in
Papillion the eye, which had hereto
fore been sound, suddenly became
sightless. An occulist told her that a
blood vessel in the eye had been rup
tured and that the sight could not be
restored.
At a special meeting of the Luther
academy faculty, Rev. O. J. Johnson
was chosen to represent the academy
and its friends in Saunders county,
at the funeral of Rev. Carl B. Swenson.
the late president of Bethany college
at Lindsburg, Kansas.
"Grass of the Sea.''
Minute vegetation which grows on
the surface of the ocean is called
"grass of the sea" by most unscien
tific persons, though fishermen call it
"whales' food." The fact is that
whales feed upon it as do many
fishes, preferring it to animal food. In
a fossilized form, it has a special
value in the manufacture of dynamite.
When asked to say how many fossil
plants were In a block of it, Prof.
Owen once replied: "Put down 1,
then add a lot of naughts. In fact,
yon can be as naughty as you like!"
NEBRASKA AT EXPOSITION.
Cemmisslen Ready Begin Installing
the State's Exhibit.
The Nebraska coraatission to the
Louisiana Purchase exposition held h
final session in Omaha. Much busi
ness was transacted, mostly of a de-
, ture and preparatory for th
! removal to St. Louis, where they will
be maintained until after the exposi
tion. Secretary Saedd has departed
for St. Louis. k The three car leads
of exhibition material collected at the
commission's store house in Omaha
from every quarter of the state will be
shipped at once to St. Louis.
Aside from the agricultural exhibits
the educational exhibits will be of
a notable character. Most of these
have already been assembled at Lin
coln, under care of the superintendent
of the educational exhibit for the
state, and these will be shipped to
St. Louis as soon as practicable. Ev
ery city in the state is represented in
these school exhibition and some of
the finest and most artistic of them
come from the district schools
throughout the state, and the city
schools will certainly have to look
to their laurels. The school exhibits
are by far the best ever undertaken
by the state schools and Nebraska
need have no cause to fear but that
it will occupy its usual front rank at
the exposition in this respect.
The horticultural exhibits promise
to surpass anything ever undertaken
by Nebraska in previous expositions.
Over !0i barrels of Nebraska fruit are
now in the cold storage plant at the
exposition grounds. St. Louis, and all
are in the best condition.
NEBRASKA FIGHTS FOR LAND
Attorney General Prcut Has Gone to
Washington.
Attorney General Prout has gone to
Washington to represent the state in
the case in the United States supreme
court wherein Nebraska and Missouri
are each trying to own an island in
the Missouri river along side of Ne
maha county. The evidence was pre
sented to a commission consisting of
Alfred Hazlett and John VY. Hallibur
ton, who have now prepared their re
port to the court.
The findings of the commissioners
are regarded as being favorable to
Nebraska, since the two officers agrefl
that the Missouri river went on a
rampage on July u. isr.7. and withi
one day cut across the neck of Nema
ha county, leaving a new cbunuel.
while the old channel, which had
meandered around several miles to the
eastward, gradually dried up. The
Nebraska ofilcials believe that this
mukeu a clear cate for this state, tlit
theory of the law being that lunii
which is cut off by some sudden
change in a stream remain within
the original jurisdiction, while if it
had been cut off by a gradual shifting
of the sands the jurisdiction would
become that of the territory to which
the new land attaches.
Boy Killed Sliding Dcwn Stairs.
FREMONT. Vincent Sloggett. a
C-year-olrt son of M. J. Sloggvtt. resid-.
ing at i:W)2 East Sixth street, fell
while sliding down the stair rail at liis
home and sustained injuries which re
sulted in his death half an hour later.
The boy was playing in the front hall
with his sister and said lie was xoini;
upstairs and slue down the rail.
About half way down he fell, the
bad;
of his head striking the sharp
of a stair.
front
Printers Must Wait.
LINCOLN. Blanks and supplier
must be printed for the state board
of equalization, but the printer must
wait until the meeting of the ne?:
legislature for his money. The blank.
and supplies will cost from $2,600 t
$:;,ioo.
Fled From Russian Spies.
LINCOLN. Believing that Russiar
spies were dodging his footsteps. Jul
ins Sigsmun. employed at the Burling
ton yards, fled from the city. He Wai
working under an assumed name am.
had deserted trom the Russian nriin
Some lellow countrymen discovered
his secret and wrote a letter say in-.
that he would le taken to Siberia u::
less he re-enlisted at once. When lie
read the missive Sigsmun started
west along the Burl ing ton tracks an'
has not since been sseu.
Farmer Accidentally Kills Wife.
CARLETON. David uockow. a
farmer living three miles east of hen.
instantly killed his wire by the acci
dental discharge of his rifle while ht
was shooting at a target. He wat
standing in the doorway of his house
when the accident occurred. The bal
entered his wife's head anil died iu
slant ly.
In the conduct of life habit counts
for more than maxim because habit is
a living maxim and becomes flesh am?
instinct.
Big Damage Against Railway.
The jury in Judge Estelle's court at
Omaha returned :t verdict that th
plaintiff iu the case of John Boesor
against the Omaha Street RailroaO
company recover the sum of $4,650 foi
injuries sustained by him in 189!
Plaintiff claimed to have been per
manenily injured and crippled in thi
leg owing to a defect in the trucks
on one of the trail cars of tl de
fendant company, wnich was tlu
cause of throwing him to the pave
ment The case was begun in 1901
and has since been tried tour times.
Beet Sugar Ir. Nebraska.
LINCOLN. The Tri-State Lanc
company of New Jersey, with a capita
of $1,000,001) and unlimited corporate
powers, filed articles of incorporatiot
with the secretary of state of Nebras
ka. The main objects of the corpor .
ation are stateu to be to develot
lands for sugar beet raising, to cper
ate sugar beet factories, and to eon
struct and operate irrigation canals
Former Senator Mamiersun appeurt
as the company's attorney, and tlu
scene of its operations in northwes:
Nebraska.
Again the Meanest Man.
At last the very meanest man la
found. His habitat is Brooklyn, the
city of bliss and babies. A physician
who bad attended his sick wife pre
sented a bill for services amounting
to $200. "I refuse to pay it." the
meanest man said. "I did not author
ize you to prescribe for say wife."
"Well, somebody sent for me, and I
have saved her life, sir, saved her
life." "Pnt that admission ia writing;
sir. If yoa pester me 111 sue for dam
ages, and if there's any justice uader
high heaven I'll win."
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