I.W5'
S--C.
Sei
f-
flft-. -t 7
'v?"Vrt'irr
35f - - ?-
.-fsss&t
V -L
I
i -T. -- gr-3-T--TfttI '
i-:-.:
r--
lu.
if
-
WtH.
Mbv.
with
KVFTEB4INSK
nls7iiSAl '
mma
, The Sailor's Song.
Oh. the winds to the woat and the ?nlls
.,.. .111!. ... fri..'
T:
Take your head from my brerust; you
must j-ay R.ofl-y 10 " . , .
You'd my heart in lmtli your hand?, n.u
von did not hold it last. ,..
And the n:I!l cannot jrind with the water
that is past.
0 It's T must away, ar.d it's you must
bide at hoiDf! . i-i a"
1 am pod hke the spray. I am fickle a.
the foam: . , i,t
It was sweet, my dear, 'twas sweet, hut
tw? :il to svcft to last. .,,,.
For the mill cannot sind with the waicr
that js past.
V have claFjicd. vre have kissed, hut you
would not sive me more:
1 mut win what we missed on tome
other, farther shore.
You c-r.n never hold the Kray gull mat
And the inilf cannot grind witii the water j
that .is jiai-t.
You will mourn, you will mate, but 'twill
never ! with m: .
1 nin off to my fate, and it lies across the
For frsCod alone that knows where my
anchor will he cast. .,..,
And the mill oanr.ot grind with the water
-Josephine !odge Daskam in Scrihner's.
Sheridan's Horse.
This repeated question as to the
color of the liorsn ridden to Cedar
Creek by Gen. Sheridan sharply shows
how very careful we ought to be about
doubting the truthfulness of a comrade
who tells of something that we do not
remember. It affords indisputable evi
dence that our memory is not always
the very best authority and the very
best tiling upon which to rely when
we write or correct history.
Some comrades positively declare
that they know that Sheridan did not
ride a black horse that 19th of Octo
ber. 1SC4. because they saw him on a
gray. He perhaps changed horses, and
the comrades saw him on only one of
those he rode? Some say they do not
remember to ever have seen Sheridan
011 a black horse. That may be true,
and yet they may have seen him on 2
black horse.
Let us take the general's word tor it
and let it go at that. I have no doubt
that he had memory, affection and
documents to rely upon when he wrote
his Memoirs. In June. I8G2. while
colonel of Second Michigan cavalry, he
was stationed at Rienzi, Miss. In his
Memoirs, Vol. 1, Chap. 10, pp. 177-84.
he says:
"Shortly after this affair Capt. Arch
ibald T. Campbell of the Second Mich
igan caalry presented ma with the
black horse called Rienzi. since made
historical from having been ridden by
me in many battles, conspicuously in
the ride from Winchester to Cedar
Creek, which has been celebrated in
the poem by T. Buchanan Reed. This
horse was of Morgan stock, and then
about three years old. He was jet
black, excepting three white feet, 16
hands high, and strongly built, with
great powers of endurance.
I rode him almost continuously in
every campaign and battle in which I
took part, without onco Undies h:r.t
overcome by fatigue, though on many
occasions his strength was severely
tested by long marches and short ra
tions. Although he was sev
eral times wounded, this horse es
caped death in action and. living to a
ripe old age. died in 1S78. attended to
the last with all the care and sur
rounded with every cemfort due the
faithful service he had rendered."
National Tribune.
Gen. Howard's Bravery.
In the corridor of the Senate wins of
the capitol a day or two ago Senator
Daniel of Virginia ran across Maj.
Gen. O. O. Howard. U. S. A., retired.
As the story was told in print after
ward. Gen. Howard asked Senator
Daniel, who served as chief of staff to
the Confederate general. Jubal A. Ear
ly, in what battle it was that he re
ceived the wound which made him a
cripple. The senator told the general
that he was shot at the Wilderness,
and then, pointing to the Union sol
dier's empty sleeve, asked: "Where
did you leave your arm. general?" In
printing the story the newspapers said
that Howard told Dauicl he had left
his arm at Gettysburg, a fight in which
he knew the senator -also had taken
part. Then the senator and the gen
eral agreed to ?,o to Gettysburg next
May to look over the Held.
Gen. Howard did not tell Daniel that
he had lost his arm at Gettysburg, for
Gen. Howard is given to truth. He
said he lost it at Fair Oaks, and
further than that he said nothing. But
had he so chosen, and had he not been
the modest soldier that he is. he could
have told a story of heroism that per
haps was greater than that shown in
his leadership of the charge which
cost him his arm.
Gen. O. O. Howard never drank a
drop in his life, never smoked a cigar,
and never swore, except once, and tnat
was at Chauceliorsville. where some
foreign-born troops of his ran. and he
has been quoted as saying on that oc
casion: "Damn the Dutch." Ger
Howard not only believe.: tobacco and
liquor to be bad, but he believes the
use of anodynes which deaden the
senses is bad and unmanly.
In the chars at Fair Oaks a bullet
shattered his arm below the elbow
He kept on leading. Another bullet
came and shattered the bone in the
same arm above the elbow. He kept
on leading. When the charge was
over and success was assured Gen.
Howard walked over to a hospital tent
where a surgeon in attendance, after
looking at the arm, said: "It must
come off."
"Take it off." said Gen. Howard.
The hospital attendants began pre
parations to give the wounded soldier
ether.
"None of that." said the general.
"Cut it off and I'll look on."
The surgeon obeyed orders and
Howard chatted with him to smother
the sound of the saw.
When Sherman Relaxed.
The only case in my experience
There Sherman relaxed one of his
orders." said Gen. Dodge, "was during
the march from Chattanooga to At
lanta. We were very short of all
kinds of provisions, canned fruits, veg
etables, etc We lived on bread, beans
and bacon. I had been suffering dur
ing the whole of the oampaign. was
run down a good deal physically, and
I thought if I could get a change of
food it would help keep me up.
"I went over to Gen. Sherman's
headquarters and asked him to allow
me to send by Lieut. Bailey (who had
been detailed from my command in
charge of the mails running from
Nashville to the fronts), to bring me
down some dried fruits and vegeta
bles. I told Sherman that I was run
r.ins down; that I had a very bad
the:
YA
tnr7rfo
ms r.ti v
v.-ound in the side, and it seemed im
possible to keep it from sapping away
ray strength.
Sherman looked at me and said:
'Dodge, all you want is some good
whisky,' and took me to his tent. Good
or bad whisky just then was entirely
different to me from what it is now.
but. of course, I submitted. I urged
my necessities upon the general, but
he said it was impossible to allow me
to bring forward anything; that if he
did it for one he would have to do it
for others; and I went away a good
deal disappointed, which Shen
saw. There was no way to get any
thing without his permission.
"It was not more than a day or so
after that that Col. Dayton, his adju
tant, happened to lie at my headquar
ters, and asked one of the staff doc
tors if 1 had sent to Nashville for
anj'thing. The staff officer informed
him that I had applied and could not
get permission, and that under the
circumstances I would not send. Day
ton told the staff officer if they could
get it through by Bailey, to do so.
that Gen. Sherman, he knew, would
not object, but says he 'You don't
want to say anything to Dodge' and
the first thing I knew there came to
my headquarters a box of supplies.
It was a long time afterward before.
I knew how they had been brought
there. It is the only case in my ex
perience where Sherman relaxed one
of his orders." Washington Star.
Prayer by a Southern Woman.
While the Third Indiana cavalry
rested at Lookout, Companies G and I
went out one afternoon on scout.
After dark three of us rode in advance
of the advance squad of which I had
charge to make inquiries at a cabin
in which we saw a light. As we ap
proached we heard a woman praying,
and soon we could hear her words. She
was evidently very devout, and soon
we learned that she was loyal to the
Confederacy. She did not hear our ap
proach, and we stood silent, not inter
rupting her.
Whew! You ought to have heard a
part of that prayer! She begged the
Almighty to let loose His lightning and
sink to the bottom of the deepest sea
every ship that the "terrible barbarian
'Abe Linkin' rules;" that the blockade
might be raised, so that "the people
of God who are fight in' Thy battles
may be able to procure the necessaries
of life of which the Northern fiends
have despoiled and deprived them;"
that "the Yankee barbarians, who
know not God and serve only the devil,
be effaced from th j earth with all the
hordes of their vandals."
I wrote several sentences of that
prayer in a etter the next morning,
which was Sunday, and it was hot de
votion! When she said Amen I rapped
on her door with the muzzle of my re
volver, and made inquiries, but did not
learn anything. Jim Cowell rid I took
breakfast with her the next morning,
and Jim a terrible man for outbreaks
of language asked a blessing. We
told her we were Methodists, and she
was greatly surprised to find out that
there really were "believers" among
the Yankees! Martin Dashiell, in Na
tional Tribune,
Urged Prayer for Bread.
"Gen. Gordon." said the Major, "told
a story well, and he had many good
stories to tell. Long before he took
the lecture field I heard him tell a
story in Washington which went the
rounds of the newspapers at that time
and brought him closer to the men
who wore the blue in the civil war.
"Gordon was speaking of the de
pression of the men in the ranks of
Lee's armj between the fall of Rich
mond and the surrender at Appomat
tox. The men did not lose courage,
hut were not as they had been. One
day. riding along the road, the gen
eral came upon a regimental prayer
meeting, which was very impressive.
The men were kneeling or standing
with bowed heads about the chap
lain, who was praying in a voice of
wonderful compass.
"The general checked his horse and
removed his hat and waited for tho
end of the prayer. The chaplain asked
the Lord to give the men of Lee's
army supreme courage to meet the
great crisis that had come uyon them,
lortitude to bear new privations and
troubles, strength to fight against the
pursuing enemy. Just then a tall
private rose from his knees and shout
ed to the chaplain: 'Pray for bread,
chaplain, pray for bread. We have
courage to burn, but to fight we must
have something to eat. Pray for
bread.' This broke up the prayer
meeting." Chicago Inter Ocean.
Rosser as Reconstructed.
At the encampment of the Grand
Army of the Republic in Massachu
setts recently. Major General Thomas
I Rosser of the Confederate army
was introduced by Gov. Bates as fol
lows: "I waut to introduce to you one
of the men who fought you and who
is now your friend. This is a reunited
country, and it is with pleasure that I
present to the veterans of the Union
army Major Gen. Rosser."
Gen. Rosser acknowledged the com
pliment most gracefully, and then
said: "I feel that I ought to throw up
my hands and surrender. I don't
pride myself that 1 am a Virginian;
but I do thank God that I am an
American. The man who would say
that he wished the South had won is
either a fool or a hypocrite. I thank
God that the South did not win." In
conclusion Gen. Rosser said that he
w the only rebel who called on
CjW Grant when he was dying, but
he considered it a great privilege and
honor to have seen him before he
died.
A Veteran's Reminiscence.
"Thirty-nine years ago," said a vet
eran, "I started on my last raid on
Richmond. I was in the Fourth Wis
consin artillery at that time in But
ler's army of the James. On the 29th
of September two corps of Butler's
army, including Gen. Kautz's division
of cavalry, were to cross to the north
side of the James, capture the rebel
positions, and attempt a rush into
Richmond. The rebel positions were
captured and held, but we didn't get
into Richmond, and I was put out of
action.
"We took four guns of oar battery
into the fight and lost them. We lost
also a good many men, and I came
out with a bultet hole through the
shoulder. Yes. it disabled me then,
and was a good deal in my way for
some years. The wound was a severe
one. but here I am as active in busi
ness as my old comrades who were
not wounded."
VcS
f PftfJEljIWFS
Oat Crop of 1903.
Below we give by states and terri
tories the yield of oats, in 1903,: as
compiled by the United States De
partment of Agriculture:
(States and Ter-eld pmjZT
rftortes. Acreage. er JEST
acre. ""
" Sen. Busk .BaaAett.
Maine 119.955 29.5 4.738.223
New Hampshire 12.003 31.1 ' 374,848
Vermont 79.SSG 38.2 3.OJ0.S36
Massachusetts.. 6,812 31.7 , 216.891
Rhode Island ... 1.C6S 28.1 47.431
Connecticut.. 10.2S1 31.2 330.839
New York 1.311.3H 34.0 44.SM.8tt
New Jersey 3.7&l .4 1.C2O.037
Pennsylvania ... 1.2W.191 'JK.C 34,582.863
Delaware 4.823 22.2 1OT.SU
Ma-cland 38,340 20.6 789,801
Virclnia 205.529 13.8 2.S50.1OT
North Carolina . 2I..710 11.4 2.470.494
South Carolina . 203.519 14.0 2.849.68S
Georgia . 250.693 13.0 3.482.685
Ilorida 33,227 13.2 438,598
Alabama 214.986 15.8 3.396,77.
Mississippi 110.374 15.0 1,655.K
Louisiana 32.137 15.9 ,5M.t7
Texas 914.805 35 Ji 32.475.613
Arkansas ., 227.178 1S.G 4.225.511:
Tennessee 169,325 18.5 3.132J512
"West Virginia 84.758. 21.7 1.839.319
Kentucky 230.862 20.1 4.640.326
Ohio 1.0M.961 80.6 30.75219
Michigan 970.5S0 30.5 29.602.996
Indiana 1.207.283 24. .5..
Illinois 3.703.976 26.6 SS.525.7a2
Wisconsin 2.429.538 32.8 79.688.846
Minnesota 2,130,315 32.3 68.809.174
Iowa 3.505,51 24.0 84.133.944
Missouri - 767.411 22.1 17.401.783
Kansas - 992.815 26.2 26,011.753
Nebraska 2.014.463 29.5 .426.8
South Dakota... 706.404 3S.C 7.267.4
North Dakota... 737.263 27.4 21.845.006
Montana 162.3S7 46.4 7.532.437
Wyominjr 37.988 29.4 1.116.847
Colorado 137.942 33.3 4.593.409
New Mexico 15.272 22.6 , 345,147
Arizona... 1.81C 35.5 64.468
Utah 45,420 36.4 1 .653.288
Nevada 6.205 28.6 177 .463
Idaho SS.360 41.5 3.666.940
Washington. 158.626 47.9 7.59S.185
Oregon ,... 287.594 33.8 9,720.677
California 1C5.430 34.S 3.756.964
Oklahoma::".-- S07.736 26.4 8.121.230
Indian Territory 214.036 30.0 S.439.0M
United States , 27.638.12C 28.4 7R4.Q94.199.
Care of Manure.
To make good manure we must feed
good food. Manure made from feed
ing straw alone is barely worth the
handling, said James McFadyean at a
meeting of Ontario farmers. A lead
ing authority tells us it is worth
only from 70 to 75 cents to the ton
of straw fed, while that from a ton
of timothy hay is worth $2.50. That
from clover hay is worth $4; from pea
meal, $3.40; from bran. $G, and from
oil meal, $10. Now, wc have the main
taining of the fertility of our land in
view. Wc must feed our hay and
coarse grain on the farm, and convert
them into money through the medium
of butter, cheese and meat, and leave
the manure heap so much the richer.
If we sell a ton of cheese, say at 9e
per pound, we would receive $180, and
how much of the fertility of the farm
have we sold? Say it takes ten
pounds of milk to make a pound of
cheese; and the same authority tells
us there is 96 cents' worth of fertility
to the soil in a ton of milk, and there
will be $9.60 in ten tons, and if the
whey be fed on the farm its fertility
is worth $3.50. The net amount of
plant food sold would be worth $G.10.
Xow suppose we sold clover hay. It
would take thirty tons at $6 to bring
us $180, and as clover bay, after being
fed to stock is worth $4 a ton as a fer
tilizer, we have sold $120 worth of
plant food from our farm. And this
is only another proof of what obser
vation tells us, that the farmers who
are carefully and judiciously feeding
their hay and coarse grain are the
men who are maintaining the fertility
of their land, and making some money
also. Now, I think it is an acknowl
edged fact that stable manure spread
over the barnyard and exposed to the
action of the snow, "rain and sun, be
comes reduced in weight and value.
The very essence of plant food is
leached out if it goes where it is
least needed. As it is taken from the
stables, byres and pig pens it should
be mixed and kept under cover, or,
second best, piled up in heaps. Man
ure is capital we have to invest that
does not improve with' age nor in
crease in value with handling, and the
sooner it is bearing interest the better
for ourselves.
The Fruit Package.
Mr. H. A. Aldrich, president of the
Illinois State Horticultural Society, in
his annual address to the society, re
cently said:
The fruit growers in the near fu
ture will have to face the question of
fruit package, and there had better be
an effort made by all organizations to
have a uniform package. If there
had been only a moderate crop of ap
ples in the west this season we would
have faced a barrel shortage. As it
was, some packers paid as high as 35
cents in our own state for a $2 barrel,
and in New 'York as high as CO cents
was paid. The Canadians suffered
from the same complaint, and apple
growers there paid as high as 50 cents
per .barrel. For foreign markets,
where apples have to stand the rough
handling of an ocean voyage, the
package will have to be the box, and
a good strong one too. But for our
home markets it will not be surpris
ing if some certain make of basket
would prove the most profitable to
the grower of choice apples. It was
the basket that solved the problem of
disposing of the enormous grape crops
we have been producing. It was the
basket, in which grapes could be
bought in small quantities and with
out loss, that taught the public to eat
grapes. Fruit packed in barrels can
be sold only to the middleman, but in
baskets it appeals right to the con
sumer. But to ship in baskets you
will have to have your cold storage
handy, and at picking time run your
apples into cold storage in any shape
that you can handle to the best ad
vantage. Then at the right time put
them on the market and there is not
a doubt that they will bring a better
price than if shipped in barrels.
To Wisconsin Sheep Breeders.
Wisconsin can lay claim to being
one of the best sheep breeding states
in the Union. 'The record of her
flocks at-the great shows of the coun
try, including the International at Chi
cago, for the past four years, shows
that no state in the-Union has brought
so many high class sheep that bare
stood at the front is the show rings
as the breeders of this state. As
there is no active sheep breeders' or
ganization in the state and as request
has been made by many of our leading
flockmasters that such an organiza
tion be perfected daring the week of
the Agricultural Convention at Madi
son, I take the. liberty of issuing a
call to the sheep breeders of Wiscon
sin to meet la the Senate Chamber on
Wednesday evening. February 3d, at
6:30 o'clock, to organize a Wisconsin
Sheep Breeders' Association, for the
purpose of furthering the sheep breed
ing Interests of the state. All sbeep
breeders are cordially invited to be ia
attendance. Geo. McKerrow. Sane
.Wisconsin Farmers' Institute.
1 poutmy I
. 1 .. '-.'-. ui 9
v ..
V5ct.fi&:
. - " f . Z
:5mi7er:
Meat for Poultry.
We are sure that few "poultry rais
ers properly appreciate the value of
meat as a ration for poultry.. "We be
liever that were it fed more freely,
especially to" young and growici,'
chicks, it would result in a distinct
saving in many ways. There is ccn-.e
value in meat to poultry above that
shown by the protein and carbohy
drate content. It has a much more
exehsive effect than has yet been
found a reason for. This has been
demonstrated both by private poultry
raisers and the experiment stations.
At one of the eastern stations two
flocks of geese were experimented on
in this matter. One flock had a partial
ration of meat from the time the gos
lings were born till they arrived at
maturity. The other flock was de
prived of all meat, but the birds were
fed a balanced ration of grains and
vegetables. The results were truly
surprising. The ones that had meat
showed great vigor from the begin
ning and grew with great rapidity.
They were also able to throw off dis
ease, and when they reached matur
ity hardly any of the birds had suc
cumbed to disease. Not so the other
flock. The birds in that grew about as
rapidly as do most of the geese
raised on the farm. They were onlj
ordinarily vigorous and .had no par
ticular ability to resist disease. Thej
were subject to the same conditions
as the geese in the other flock, but
now and then a goose died from vari
ous diseases and troubles to which
geese are subject. WThen they reached
maturity the geese in this flock were,
hardly half the number they were
when they came out of the shell. The
station authorities regarded the show
ing so remarkable that they had photo
graphs taken of the two flocks and the
same were published and widely cir
culated.
Birds have a greater need of meat
than do our cattle, horses, sheep ami
swine, for the reason that they have
always been accustomed to the use oJ
meat in some form. When it is re
membered that for countless genera
lions before man domesticated them
fowls fed largely on insects and
worms it can well be understood that
this habit cannot be eradicated, even
in a few centuries. It would take
thousands of years yet to change the
hen into a true -.egctarian, that is
prefering vegetables to meat. Out
horses, sheep and cattle have been
vegetarian for unnumbered myriads ol
years before the appearance of man in
the world. Fed for months on a vege
tartan diet our birds experience a
great lack of something and that tin
supplied need results in lowering the
stamina of the fowls. How great the
craving for meat is may. be guessen
at by the excitement of the fowL
when meat is brought to them afte:
a long period of purely vegetable food
Cheap meat in many forms can be
obtained from the butchers and it cax
frequently be saved on the farm whei
it would be otherwise thrown away.
Ground bones, especially if fresh, hell
supply the deficiency. We know ol
one man that sometimes kills an old
horse and salts down his flesh foi
the poultry. This meat is cooked be
fore feeding. In many localities fist
that are not marketable can be had at
a low price or for nothing and this
torms another source of meat supplj
for the fowls.
Poultry Feeding Machine.
We illustrate herewith a machine
used a. the Ontario Agricultural Col
lege for forcing feed into the crops
of fowls being fattened for market
A food reservoir at the top contains s
porridge made of various kinds o!
ground grain. To the bottom of this
is attached a small force pump inovec
by a lever and treadle worked by the
-.. - -'i.-i'-V-ji.Sfi;.'"
toot of the operator. Communicating
with the pump is a nozzle, through
which the food passes to the bird.
This machine can be used profitably
enly in the fitting of fancy birds for
market, and to prevent loss the bird
must sell for nt least one cent more s
pound than those fed naturally.
Buff Cochins.
From Farmers Review: After hav
ing tried several of the leading breed:.
we tried breeding the Buff Cochins
and to say they are our favorites just
expresses it For earl', and in fact
all-winter layers take the Buff Cochin
by all means, as they will positively
lay more eggs from November til)
March than any other breed. All that
is necessary to get winter eggs from
Buff Cochins is to have early hatched
ones -and when laying time is near
feed them wheat and oats or barley
and a little corn at night only. Also
'give green feed if it is handy, and
of course green cut bone is good, but
not necessary. We always keep
plenty of crushed oyster shell in tbeit
pecs. Also grit. We never advise
feeding sloppy feed or mashes of any
kind and believe that in time every
poultryman will get to feeding dry
feed and whole grains. Any breed of
fowls needs exercist and Cochins
with the rest, but not an expensive
arrangement as some advertise. Just
partition oC the pens with foot boards
every three feet apart for them to
jump over is a splendid plan and sure
to be beneficial. As to beauty where
will you find a breed of fowls that
are as handsome as a pen of even
colored, fluffy, loose-feathered Buff
Cochins? And when ypu cza to sell
them on the market there is torr
weight to count to your good, and, by
the way, good eatable chicken meat
We have male birds weighing K
pounds and females weighing It
pounds, and not too fa either. Tall.'
about turkeys. We would not trade
our Cochins for the best turkeys in
the land. S. P. Rolpb, Winnebago
County, Wisconsin.
Phicago Savings Deposits.
Savings sfepqsits in Chicago banks
have passed the $1O0,OQO,OOQ mark. In
the last year they '"Teased more than'
$22,000,000. " "
'fla's.
S&ZZ&'&
a f 4M 4r LE t fl i
C-awU'LM " VISr
9K8p' EBfr3rfT8
sflBuBM?.! i7Aaf H9JKlTj
9PtVf Ef Vr 1 St r 49097
PEX39?S93'
The Unsprayed Trees.
When an orchardlst begins the work
of spraying he should make a thor
ough job of it It la a mistake 'to
spray only the trees' that the owner
wants to get the fruit from or that
bear good fruit We know of one
Illinois orchardlst ' that sprayed for
the coddling moth. He invested in the
requisite apparatus and poisons aad
followed the formulas. But year after
year the coddling-moths frustrated bis
endeavors to get good smooth fruit
Some of his neighbors not far away
sprayed and got good results, and tbo
difference was a mystery. He reached
the conclusion that spraying was not a
success with him, and he so reported
to the state horticultural society. His
brother orchardlcts became interested
in the matter and one of them visited
his orchard to discover the cause of
these repeated failures.
It was ascertained that he had done
his work most carefully on all the
trees that were bearing marketable
fruit But on the edge of his orchard
and paralleling it was a row of trees
mostly crabs which bore fruit of such
inferior size and quality that the own
er had never deemed it worth atten
tion. The mystery was solved. This
neglected row had been breeding in
sects year after year. A coddling
moth does not care' greatly whether
he takes a poor or a good quality of
apples. He is perfectly able to de
posit an egg in almost anything of
the apple family. When the said egg
hatches and the grub from it changes
into a moth, that moth has a big sup
ply of eggs that she is anxious to
distribute to as many apples as pos
sible. A row of worthless crab trees
or of cider apples trees, or of non
descript apple trees, can send out a
few thousand moths each year that
can make a very marked impression
en ten thousand or more apples hang
ing on trees, both famous and choice.
The only way to prevent this is to
spray every tree growing in the or
chard. If he trees are not worth
spraying, cut them down at once. The
ground would be far better producing
grass or corn or something of value.
If they are to be left, they will have
to receive the same treatment as the
other rows of trees or they will prove
to be by far the most expensive trees
in the orchard.
Detached trees and apple trees by
the road side are apt to be neglected,
as it is a lot of additional work driv
ing the whole apparatus over to them.
But it is not safe to leave 'this, work
undone. In the fall is a good time to
take out useless trees. Not only
should the detached trees be taken out
if not of special value, but there are
here and there in the orchard, trees
that are difficult to spray and that
bear little fruit that should also be
removed. We have seen old trees
with most of the branches gone, but
with two or three top limbs reaching
up toward the sky, but bearing every
year a fairly good crop of medium
or poor apples. As these trees are
very difficult to spray it is very likely
that the work Is done so imperfectly
most seasons that these high topped
their high branches produce enough
fruit to pay for the damage done by
these same moths that are bred in
them. As a rule it is better to cut
out such trees, leaving the orchard
to consist mostly of low-topped trees
easy to spray.
Orchard Subsoil.
The climate being suitable, success
ful orcharding depends more than on
any other requisite on the sub-soil.
We can make the soil so if it is not
rich enough, but we cannot change
the sub-soil without great expense,
said L. A. Goodman in an address.
There are thousands and thousands of
acres of good orchard lands scattered
all over our country with the proper
sub-soil for profitable orcharding, and
right among these lands are still other
thousands just as valuable for other
purposes, but by no means having the
proper sub-soil, and, hence, orchards
planted on these lands will be unprof
itable. Congenial sub-soil success;
improper sub-soil failure, are two
sentences which should be burned
upon the memory of every fruit
grower. Dig down under your soil, not
in one place, but in a hundred differ
ent spots all over the land you intend
to plant, and see what is below. A
few dollars spent in this way may
save you thousands in your orchard.
trees remain the breeding places of
the coddling moth. It Is doubtful if
The best sub-soil Is the loess forma
tion. It allows the rains to sink deep
into its bosom and there holds It un
til called for by the drouths of sum
mer and the cold of winter. It Is fer
tile, also, and a fertile, porous sub-soil
is to be desired above all other con
siderations. Look to it well. Gravelly
shale or clay loam are next in order
ns to value, and they can be secured
in many of our apple districts. A red
clay shale, with the limestone soil and
subsoil, is always valuable also. Many
of the sub-soils are found in our
mountainous districts, and there we
find them mixed with iron, which
gives color to the skin and quality to
the fruit Above all things, then, se
lect a good, porous, fertile sub-soil,
and if you have it not, then go where
it is.
The Hyslop Crab.
This is an old and well known va
riety of American origin. Vigorous
grower, forming a well rounded and
open bead. Limbs and trunk stocky.
Trqpk measures at base 25 inches
In circumference, at bead 20 inches.
This variety has thus far been free
from disease. Light bloom apd a few
illy formed fruits noted in 1892. First
crop worth noting was produced in
1895. Trees oore a crop in 189J, a
fair crop in 199 and a 'full crop in
1901. Fruit of large size) beautiful
deep red color, and excellent quality.
Season early fqr a crab fruft ripen
ing in August and September. .On the
whole, one of the best of the crab
apples. Recommended for general
planting. Bulletin 132, Virginia Sta
tion. Fate of tfte Eggs..
In Proyo, Utah, there dwells a vege
tarian with whom Senator Reed Smoot
loves to argue. The vegetarian de
clared during one of their heated de
bates that que should npt eat eggs
even, as they hatch into meat and
therefore are meat. "We)l," "said "the
senator, "the kind of eggs I eat
wouldn't hatch into meat I eat them
boiled, not raw."
Million in Motors.
About $30,000,000 worth "of motors
were BUBjjfactured in the United
States during the last year.
ffffi .&ffic.'T..yJSr& SS
MiSK2
1
Keeping Power of Milk.
"How long should milk keep?" is a
question that is frequently asked.
Milk has obtained a bad 'vrf ::: iliis
respect, and it Is usually believed that
its. keeping power is much less than
it really is. Most people believe hat
milk will keep not longer than twenty
four hours in warm weather, unless
nearly frozen. The fact is that the
keeping quality of milk depends large
ly on the amount of dirt in various
forms that is allowed to get into it
after it is drawn. Even the students
of bacteria in milk have been sur
prised at the -length of time it will
keep under the best of conditions,
with no other element to keep it from
souring than a moderate temperature
and freedom from dirt. The longest
time milk has kept under these condi
tions is forty-two days. But no such
duration of keeping quality is needed
in the ordinary milk trade. If mill;
will keep at the most for three days,
or even for two days, the milk hand
lers and consumers will be satisfied.
But, as commonly handled, milk will
not always keep for even one day. Mr.
Gurler sent milk from DeKalb, 111., to
Paris, France, and it was used there
sweet. Milk drawn from cows in the
environs-of Paris, and brought to the
same tables in that city, was sour be
fore night The only difference in the
world was in the care of the milk.
During the latter part of theDecember
just passed milk sent into Chicago in
the morning was sent back to the milk
producers the same day because it was
sour. It is altogether probable that
it was simply milked and strained
warm into cans lhat had never been
washed and In which there was left
enough sour milk to act as a starter.
This shows the limit of carelessness in
the handling of milk. One would
think that after all that has been
said about the necessity of putting
clean milk into clean cans, experi
ences of this kind would be impossi
ble. In very many cases these things
occur not as the result of indifference
on the part of the owner of the cows,
but on account of too much haste on
the part of the men intrusted with the
doing of the work. The cans come
back to the farm with the dregs of the
milk of the previous shipment still in
them. The train was late or the wag
on late in getting them to the farm
and the new lot of niijk must be got
ten to the train in a hurry or it will
miss connections in the city. The
hired man either puts the milk into
the cans without washing the same or
he pours in some cold water, sloshes it
around and pours it out again and
lets It go at that. The result is sour
milk returned to the sender or t,our in
the hands of the consumer. Often
such milk is by the milkman mixed
with other and better milk, with re
sulting trouble all along his milk
route. This has led to the extensive
use of chemical milk preservers by
both shippers and dealers in mill;. The
only way to avoid such accidents on
the part of the shipper of milk fo:
city trade is to have enough cans so
that one lot can be sterilized while
the other lot Is in use. The attempt
to make one set of cans do double dutj
results in bad milk before it gets tr
the customers. The keeping power ol
milk depends on the men that ha:::i!c
It Under right conditions it will keep
so well that no preservative of any
kind will ever be needed.
Necessity for Protsin.
The most expensive element in the
feeding c ". dairy cows, at least in good
crop years, is protein. This is the
element that goes to make up the
lean meat, tendons, hair, wool, and
so on. In the milk it is in the form
of casein and albumen. Without pro
tein there can be no development ol
the frame, and when little protein is
fed the animal produced will be over
fat but not large. It is therefore ab
solutely necessary that the protein
balance of the feed be maintained
that we may have well-built and
strong animals. Since the advent ol
the Jersey cow in this country, it
has been observed that her size has
greatly increased. This has been due
to the greater amount of protein ob
tainable here than was generally fed
during the development of this race
of cows on its native island. But as
a usual thing in all countries, the
tendency has been to feed too little
protein and too much carbohydrate
material. Fortunately, in the last dec
ade of years, the clovers, soy beans.
cow peas and other crops rich in pro
tein have received an unusual amount
of attention, with the result that there
has been an improvement in feeding
all along the line.
Decreased Oleo Output.
. The manufacture of oleomargarine
seems to be on the decrease, If wc
may judge by the figures recently pub
lished. A comparison of the last live
months' output of the Chicago fac
tories seems to show this. Chicago is
said to manufacture two-fifths of all
the oleo made in the country. From
1899 to 1903 the output of oleo by
Chicago factories during July, August,
September, October, November and
December, in 50-pound tubs, was
(1899), 483,977; (1900), 100.C7C;
(1901), 438,417; (1902), 322.986;
(1903), 199,884, The average monthly
outputs for the six months of these
rears were: (1S99), 80,663; (1900).
66,779; (1901), 77,067; (1902), 53.S31;
(1903), 33,314. During December,
1899, the output of oleo in Chicago
was over 94.000 tubs, while in Decem
ber, 903, the output was a little in ex
cess of 49.000 tubs. Butter is filling
the place formerly occupied by oleo
margarine. London's Milk Supply.
London is said to use about 160,000
gallons of milk per day. Up to 1865
all the milk used in the city was
produced within a few miles of the
place where it was consumed, but in
that year a great cattle plague visited
the metropolis and carried off so many
cows that the consumers had to draw
their milk supply from a distance.
Now milk is brought in from a dis
tance of 150 mile3. The production
of this milk takes the labor of 20,000
persons, while the drivers of milk
carts in London number 2,000. The
milk for London's breakfast is drawn
the night before and commences to
arrive in London by 2 a. m. Within
the next two hours the bulk of the
milk arrives at its destination, but
some gets in as late as 8 a. m. The
Londoners claim that their milk is the
cleanest in the world, on account of
the rigid rules relative to the milk
trade.
Poultry products are easy to mar
ket and can be taken to town with
other things. In this the farm fowl
has the advantage of the farm cow.
The immodest, even, sometimes
blush at the naked truth.
NSNEWS IN
THE STATE IN .A NUTSHELL.'
The Pease Brothers company of
Omaha has increased its capital stock
from $14,000 to $20,000.
D. Kangeman, one of the oldest citi
zens of Firth, is dead. He leaves a
wife and four children.
Articles of incorporation of the
Stockham State bank, with a capital
stock of $5,000. have been filed with
the secretary of state.
At a meeting of business men of
Humboldt steps were taken looking
toward the organization of a local
building and loan association.
Frank Robinson of Nebraska City is
in the Johnson county jail at Nebras
ka City awaiting the sitting of the
district court on the charge of steal
ing chickens.
The management of the Parmele
theater at Plnttsmouth lias puchaseil
a new asbestos fireproof curtain. The
other scenery in the building will also
be made fireproof.
The Columbus Maennerchor society
celebrated the twenty-seventh anni
versary of its organization. Young
women, daughters of the members, had
charge of the banquet.
The contract has been let and work
will soon commence upon a new 30.-600-bushel
crib elevator for W. F.
Hammond, to take the place of the
one recently destroyed by fire at Elgin.
Dr. John Cooke died in Hastings
last week from diabetes, aggravated
by paralysis. Dr. Cooke, during a
practice of twenty-five years, has won
an extensive clientage in Adams coun
ty. The city library of Fremont will
soon receive eighteen ne.w volumes of
standard works through the kindness
of some young ladies who planned and
carried out a leap year ball two weeks
ago.
W. P. Bucholz. the president of the
Norfolk National bank, has resigned
and accepted the position of cashier
of the Central bank of Oakland. Cat.
C. E. Burnham of Tilden was elected
to succeed Mr. Bucholz.
Word was received in Grand Island
from Oskaloosa. Ia., of the sudden
death by heart disease, of M. J. Calla
han, manager of the Lacey hotel In
that city, and formerly In the restau
rant business at Grand Island
Freight train No. 28 on the Union
Pacific was wrecked in the yards at
Lexington. Engineer Hartman of
North Platte, received slight injuries
anil is forced to walk on crutches.
The engine was badly damaged.
Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Shaw, two of
Beatrice's oldest and most highly re
spected citizens, celebrated their fif
tieth wedding anniversary at their
home in west Beatrice in the presence
of a few of their most intimate friends.
While switching in the Burlington
yards at Pacific Junction Ed Branter,
a switchman, was caught between two
engines and had his hip crushed. The
unfortunate was taken to his home in
Plattsmouth. where he lies in a pre
carious condition.
Much trouble is being experienced
with coyotes by the farmers in the
western part of Sarpy county. The
animals have grown bold and are mul
tiplying at an alarming rate. Poultry
and small hogs are heir.;; carried off
in large numbers.
It is reported that many hunters
from Dodge county have been going
across the Platte river into Saunders
comity to shoot ducks and other game.
Most of them are believed to have no
licenses, without which it is unlawful
to hunt outside one's own county.
Sheriff F. W. Kloke of Cuming
county has taken Mcliry Koch, sen
tenced for six years at the last term
cf the district court, to the pentiten
tiary at Lincoln. The crime for
which the prisoner is confined was
grand larceny, conunitttcd at Han
croft, in this county.
Members of the state central com
mittee of the prohibitionists met in
Lincoln and decided to hold a state
convention in Lincoln during the Ep- I
worth assembly. The exact date was '
left with the executive committee, but I
the place and time were both reconi- J
mended in a resolution introduced by
A. G. Wolfenbarger. I
Food Commissioner Thompson is
still "camping" on the trial of catsup
and out of fifteen samples examined
by his chemist only one has been
found that is pure. The food com
missioner lias not power to prosecute
in this case and will endeavor to stop
the sale by publishing the names of
the brands found impure as soon as
he has completed the list.
Counties delinquent in settlement
with the state treasury will bo obliged
to pay a penalty of 10 per cent inter
est on the amount due dating from
from February 1. Bookkeeper Sey
mour of the state auditor's office has
been very busy for the past month
checking reports as they arriv from
the various counties. Often errors are Blanken & Sagehorn'of Deshler, Neb.,
discovered and the reports are sent was run over by a Union line street
back for correction. If a treasurer ' car, suatnining injuries from which het
had his report on file by February 1 J died two hours late. He fell between
and it is sent back for correction no a motor car and trailer in attempting
penalty is charged. ' to step from one to tbo other.
A nuui giving hid name, first aa .
Humphrey and then as Hansen was! After Insurance Companies,
arrested in Beatrice on instructions j LINCOLN Insurance companies
telephoned the police from Blue, that lost money by reasou of the Hal
Springs. Humphrey secured a team timore fire will, havn to file with the
and buggy from Charles McCollotigh's j insurance department of the auditor',
livery barn at Blue Springs and drove , office a sworn statement of tin
to Wymore where it is said he tried amount of money lost before they will'
to sell the outfit. I be allowed to continue biifeliiexs in the
The divorce cr.se of Sarah A. P-. state. This notice nan been sent to, -French
against Ira French at Schuyler the companies' ?gita in the state le..
has been settled out of court. Mr. ' cause many of I- e companies are
French pays alimony in the amount of! thought to have become insolvent by
$2,500 in lieu of dower and costs are
fixed against him. Mrs. French has
her maiden name restored.
Ausei Pittmau, a young man about
20 years of age. living near Nehawka,
was going to tlte field with a younger
brother for a load of straw. He ca 1
vied a loaded shotgun in his hand; and
on the way stoped to catch a rope that
was falling off the wagon. As he did
so the hammer of the gun struck
something and exploded, killing Pitt
man instantly.
The J. H. McGratlftllardware com
pany of Hastings has filed articles of
incorporation with the secretary of
state. The incorporators are J. H. Mc
Graht. C. E. McGrath and Alice Mun-.
sey. The capital stock is $25,000.
The firm of A. C". Becken. wholesale
jewelry, of Chicago, has sent a repre
sentative to Grand Island to secure the
goods left at the hotel by Mr. Wett
stein, whose sudden death at the hotel
took place recently. The remains
were shipped to Milwaukee. The per
sonal effects of the traveler were val
ued at $18,000.
At the first sessign of the supreme
court in March the successor of LeS
Herdman. supreme court clerk, will be
named. Ho far it seems as if com
promise measures would be adopted
and Harry C. Lindsay would he se-.
lected for the place.
NEBRASKA
STRANGE DISEASE IN HORSES.
State Veterinarian is Puzzled Over
Rock County Case.
LINCOLN State Veterinarian
Thomas has just discovered a disease
in horses heretofore unheard of in Ne
braska that is causing the death of a
number of animals in the neighbor
hood of Bassett. He was called upon
to examine a colt. The colt died -and
the doctor held a post-mortem exam
ination and found that the caecum, ono
of the intestines, was filled with lit
tle worms, imebedded in a circular
shape. Some of the circles were no
larger than a pin head, though there
were thousands of them in the intes
tine. While it is not uncommon for
parasites to be found in horses, this
is the first time in the history of the
state, so far as known, that anything;
like this case has ever been found.
The effect on the horse attacked is to
cause general debility and a wasting
away until death. A number of horses
that were not examined have died in
the same neighborhood with symp
toms similar to those of the colt.
Dr. Thomas will take his specimen
to Kansas City, where he will exhibit
it at a meeting of the Missouri Valley
Veterinary association. It is said the
first time anything of the kind was
ever heard of was in Scotland many
years ago, and the old text books con
tain pictures of the worms as found
by Dr. Thomas. Just what causes the
worms is unknown and how to get rid
of them is a question that is yet to be
studied out. Whether the disease was
brought to the state or whether it was
caused by something the animal ate is
another question that will have to be
looked alter by the doctors. In the
neighborhood where the disease wait
found the land is sandy and water Is
close to the surface, but whether this
..ad auything to do with starting the
disease is yet unknown.
MISSING MAN FOUND FROZEN.
Body Supposed to Have Been in Build
ing Since Christmas.
NORFOLK Frozen and almost ua
recognizable by his mother and
friends, with his overcoat drawn tight
ly about- his swollen face, his armtt
wrappeu tightly across his breast and
his whole frame crouched into a po
sition which would indicate that he
had tried, during his dying moments,
to fight off the frost which crept into
his heart and stopped its benting, the
rigid form of Walter R. King, a younj:
man well known in Norfolk, was found
In a dungeon-like vault at an unused
creamery, where he is supposed to
have lain since Christmas.
Behind him on the floor was a little
overturned tin lid containing ashes of
a fire which had been kindled in try
ing to keep himself warm. He ban
crowled into the room on Christmas
morning, under the influence of liquor,
and had evidently gone to sleep.
Looking for Missing1 Brother.
PLATTSMOUTH L. D. EwIhe:. a
young man who is connected with a
wholesale grocery house at Des
Moines. Ia.. came to this city to se
cure some trace, ir possible, of a
brother who has been missing for sev
eral years and who is supposed to be
located somewhere in this part of the
state. The missing man is known a
Charles Ewing. Ho lelft lies Moines
about two years ago. shortly after his
marriage, and came to Nebraska City
with his wife. Since then Mr. EwiiiR
learned . rough a friend that his
brother had been seen in I'lattsmotith
As his father died about two month
ago. leaving quite a large estate, ho
is desirous of locating Charles before
the estate comes up in probato court
for settlement.
Trampled to Death by Stallion.
PENDER A. M. Nicklas. an old and
respected resident of this place, waa
trampled to death in a horse stall by :i
Mambletonian stallion. He dropped u
lantern, frightening the horse, which
plunged, knocking Mr. Nicklas down
and crushed his chest and bowels in a
frightful manner. A: soon as rescued
fom his perilous condition, he was
taken to bis home where he died.
Frozen Baby in Cattlo Car.
NORTH BEND As tlm westbound
local freight train wan at this depot
the body of a newly born nile iiifurl
was found by a brakeman iu an empty
cattle ear. The remains were wrap
ped in a quantity of white cotton cloth
and were only partially frozen, indi
cating that the child had not been dead "
any great length of time.
Nebraskan Killed by Car.
ST. JOSEPH, Mo. Devi IHanfcen. '
member of the stock shipping firm of
reason of the fire, and it x to protect
the jwilicy holders that th notice was
sent out.
Bank Safe Blown Oper.
jNCA Besieged by aa army of in
furiated citizens and barricaded be-,
hind a row of cultivators and dry
goods boxes, five bank robbers bl?w
open the safe of the Martinsburg
State bank at Martinsbnrg. this coun
ty, stole $i0 in jostago stamps from
the postofflce. which is in the same
building and escaped. The robbers
wrecked the safe with ten charges, f
dynamite and almost wrecked the
bank building, but they wor ttnablev
to open the money client inside the
steel safe.
Questions to Be Answered.
The monthly examination Qtreatfons
to bo sent to the county superintend
ents for the' regular montnly examina
tion for February have been com pi feci
by Superintendent Fowler and will be
sent out in a shcrt time.
Tenant Farmers MvtnN
TEKAMAH High fead prices are '
causing a large number of the tenant
farmers to remove from the couaty
this spring, rtents on farm lands have
become so high they think they ca
not pay them.
-'. IR
. 'i p.
; -i.'J'-
$
. ?
J
4
'
X
T
I
I
V
b$ v
"J$jV I
EfcCy?- "5a SPfc' - -- 4
j
3 -" r - - -.
