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THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR
APPEALS TO RUSSIANS
Cur Cafe VM lb People to Vp-
htlilheGoYenuDMt in the
CmUrt with Jaaaa.
ia All Part of the Vi
Eanawro Havo Boon Shr.
1 torn Colors.
The .czar has answered Japan's per
emptory challenge to arsis and order
ed his amies and ieets in the far east
to meet force with force.
The empire is responding to the call
of the czar. The scenes of intense
patriotism which accompanied the
declaration of war againrt Turkey in
1S77 are being repeated in all parts
of the empire. From Kief, Odessa,
TORPEDO FLOTILLA
Kharkov, Ekaterinoslav. and Moscow
come stories of patriotic demonstra
tion. The war fever has seized upon
the people. Public balls and other
festivities have been countermanded
aad the Red Cross society is be
sieged with women ready to go to the
front as nurses.
The czar's first move after accept
ing the issue of war was to order the
mobilisation of the army reserves in
east Asia.
In every military district in Eu
ropean Russia regiments of infantry,
cavalry and artillery arc under orders
to prepare for a campaign in the far
east.
The war department has practically
assumed control of the Transsiberian
railway and its capacity already is
being taxed to the utmost in the
transportation of troops and munitions
of war.
There was a great scene at the
naval academy when the czar per
sonally advanced the senior class to
the rank of officers. The czar, who
wore an admiral's uniform, in address
lag the cadets, said:
"You are aware, gentlemen, that
two days ago war was declared upon
as. The insolent foe came by night
aad attacked our stronghold and fleet.
Russia now needs her navy as well
as her army. I have come to-day to
promote you to the rank of midship
men. I am confident that, like your
severed predecessors. Admirals Chi
ehagof. Lazaref, Nakhlmof. Karnilof
aad Istomln. you will work for the
welfare and glory of our beloved fath
erland and devote all your energies
to the fleet over which files the flag
of 8t Andrew."
The Russian newspapers in general
chorus denounced the action of Japan
as being treachery, declaring that it
Is truly Asiatic, but insisting that
the Issue of the conflict will not be de
cided by the naval engagements, as
the Japanese will hava to meet Ursula
on dry land, when the score will be
wiped out.
The Novoe Vremya says it is quite
possible that the whole of Corea has
been overrun by Japanese soldiers in
disguise, aad that Russia may first
have to assume the defensive, but
when her forces in southern Man
churia and Corea are increased the
Japanese wil realize what they have
to meet
"God. right and international law on
our side." the Russ says.
"One hundred and thirty milHoa
Russian hearts are beating in unison
ia the desire to expunge the traitorous
slight on Russian honor. Enough of de
fensive tactics! Let us drive out the
foe!"
The Bourse Gazette says: "Yester
day we kinged for peace. Now we
think only of war. The world soon
wil be startled by Russia's heroic
work. Japan has placed herself be
yond the pale of civilization. The up
start, pigmy Japan, would not have
dared to attack the giant Russia with
out the. encouragement of England
and America."
Ia this connection the Russ claims
to have authority for saying that the
two new Japanese warships, the Nis
shla and Kasuga. were saved from
certain capture by the Russian squad
ron bound for the far east under Ad
miral Wirenlus by the action ol the
commander of a British battleship in
placing his vessel across the Suez
GENERAL
Kcopt Croaks from Baltimore.
Tho New York police have always
feooB anxicus to get crooks out of
town, bat since the Baltimore fire
started they have reversed their pol
icy. Inspector McCluskey of the de
tective bureau assigned twelve of his
men to the West street ferries with
orders to arrest any crook seen head
ing for railway depots on the Jersey
side. McClaskey said he had informa
tion that a number of thieves were
panning to go to Baltimore. "The
of Baltimore have trouble
without being bothered with a
bunch of attck crooks from this town,"
said McClaskey.
Kosps Odd Hours.
The Turkish minister, Chekib Bey.
as a cottage at Saville. and when
It Is said, he works nearly all
only retiring when the other
of tho household are prepar-
ingr sunrise. He then retires aad
leaps uatil 3 o'clock fat the afternoon.
DarittfcT his sleeping hours no one can
oso hhn, Jt boinc an nnpardonatte act
Inr ovon any ember of the koase
boM to disturb Us slumbers.
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canal ami hoisting a signal of distress.
thus delaying the Russians two "days.
uen. uragomirov. cas arivea in St.
Petersburg. He is one of Russia's
greatest fighters and may he appoint
ed commander in chief, as Gen. Kou
ropatkin. the war minister, probably
cannot be spared.
JAPAN'S POSSIBLE PLANS
EatlMi State Expert leriews
C dsti n f the War.
Spenser Wilkinson, whose commen
taries on the strategy and tactics of
the South African war placed him In
the forefront of British military writ
ers, has an article in the London
Morning Post in which he says:
"Any Japanese objective can best
be secured by the defeat of the Rus-
ATTACKING BATTLESHIP.
si&n army, and it therefore seem3 un
likely that Japan would willingly
place any large force in Corea except
as concerns a road to Manchuria in
the absence of any better road. But
is not the sea a better road? That is
the question I find some difficulty in
answering. There are three points at
which an army if landed would be
well placed Tor operating against the
Russian communication. They are
the north coast of the Liaotung gulf
betwen Shan Hai Kwan and New
Chwang. the northwest coast of Corea
bay between Port Arthur and the
Yalu. and the coast near Vladivostok.
But in the present season the first and
last of these places probably are im
practicable for landing on account of
WHERE FIRST NAVAL
Disabled Russian Warships
ice, and the Liaotung gulf is perhaps
too shallow in its northern portion to
admit of transports approaching.
"To land near Vladivostok would be
to have to advance through an exceed
ingly difficult country toward Kharbin,
and the march could be delayed by a
Russian rear guard so long as to nul
lify its effect &3 a blow against com
munications. A landing in Corea
would have to be secured against a
torpedo attack and might be resisted
on shore, but if successful it ought to
clear the Russians from the Yalu.
"The. difficulties of landing at any of
the places named cay lead the Japan
ese to move their army through Ccrea,
landing its portions at various points
and to trust to their power of maneu
ver to bring about a decisive battle
in conditions unfavorable to the ene
my. VIEW OF HARBOR AND TOWN OF
Senator Clarke a Rapid Speaker.
Senator Clarke of Arkansas proves
to be the talking wonder, of the sen
ate. He speaks so rapidly that when
be made his first appearance as an
orator the other day it was some time
before the listeners could separate his
words sufficiently to fully compre
hend the senator's meaning. The Ar
kansan did not even warm up gradu
ally to his task. He speedily unbut
toned his waistcoat and the flow of
talk began. He was the despair of
official reporters. They say the aver
age of words spoken by him runs
about 2C0 a minute. Henry U. John
son of Indiana, when a member of the
house a lew years ago. came nearest
in equaling Mr. Clarke in fast speech.
And it was an additional marvel that
with all his rapid speaking he had
words enought at his command to
fill in most of the afternoon.
New Mausoleum.
A mausoleum has been erected close
to the Peter-Paul Cathedral In St.
Petersburg, where in future all the
members of the czar's family will be
buried. ',
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STUDY JAPAN'S VICTORY
Europe Wonders at the AstsmKhig
v Success So Easily Won by
the MlkooVs Navy.
Lanf tattler With the Armies of thr
tzar May Yet Turn the Tide
of Conflict. .
Every successive detail from the far
east emphasizes the significance of the
astounding successes won by Japan,
says a dispatch from London. It is
pointed out that the mikado's squad
rons are sweeping the sea. as trium
phantly as did that Dutch admiral
who rode the channel with a broom at
his masthead. In Ie3s than forty
eight hours the balance of the naval
power in toe far east was entirely
unset.
Russia, one expert says, is ia th
position of a chess player who loses
his queen in the first half dozen
moves. The naval position of the
Russians at Port Arthur is considered
absolutely 'desperate, and It is thought
most unlikely that Vladivostok's
squadron of four powerful armored
cruisers will be able to go to the
assistance of the battered fleet at Port
Arthur.
Admiral Stark's position there, is
likened to Cervera's at Santiago. .He
Is described as being between the
horns of a dilemma. He must either
submit to be held under the guns of
Port Arthur in a posture Intensely
humiliating to Russian pride and pres
tige, or he must come out and fight
in a condition of inferiority which
would render defeat almost a foregone
conclusion. Whatever now happens,
the Japanese empire is thought safe
from attack. It is, however, recogniz
ed that the war Is by no means over
BATTLE WAS FOUGHT.
in Port Arthur Harbor.
and Russia's position is compared to
that of Great Britain after the initial
reverses of the Boer war. Several
papers take pains to throw a little
cold water on the exultation with
which the news of the Japanese vic
tories are received in London: Every
thing is not over, bar the shouting,
say these papers, and, by the way, a
majority of the English press pays a
warm tribute, to the manner in which
Russia has received the news of her
disasters.
What will Japan do next? Is the
question asked on every side. The pre
dictions made here are neither more
nor less valuable than those published
on the other side of the Atlantic, and
it is idle to cable more than an indi
cation of what appears' to be the con
sensus of British expert opinion on
the subject.
PORT ARTHUR.
High Title, Small Income.
The London chancery court has
given the Marquis of Townshcnd per
mission to sell some heirlooms of
great value (in order -to provide him
self with an income. The family es
tates came -to him four years ago
weighted with incumbrances amount
ing to 750.000. A receiver 'was ap
pointed at $3,000 a year and a man
ager at $1,750, but the luckless mar
quis gets only $1,000. His lordship
finds it difficult to maintain the dig
nity of a marquis on such a beggarly
sum. and so went to court, for per
mission to sell certain antique furni
ture and some pictures.
Woman in Machinists' Unisn.
Miss Nellie Burke, the only woman
machinist who ever applied for admis
sion to a labor union., will be admitted
without reservation to 'the organiza
tion ia Wilkeabarre. When her appli
cation for membership was received
it was referred to President O'Connell
of the International Machinists. His
favorable reply baa been received In
Wilkeabarre and Miss Burke will bo
admitted next week.
WITH THEH
VnSMjfiflj
"Gain Back." .
aven't made a' fortune since I've
been upon the Rand,
Tho" I 'aven't done so oodly.
so to
Cut there's always somethin' callln from
.my own Australian- tana.
An' the callin's growin' louder every
week!
For It, tells of silver wattles. In the moon
light rlist'nin fair.
An' of miles of bush that's tinted blue
and gray;
Ol the pert usae of the wattle-bloom upon
the even In air.
An' the calUn's growin' louder every
day!
Oh. it tells of river-reaches, girt with
mallee tall an' slim.
Of the banks with tl-tree bushes, all a
tlower; Of lastoons befringed with rushes, where
the teal an' wild duck swim.
An' the callin's growin loader every
hour!
An' it i tells of sad eyes gasin' o'er the
purplin' hills at night
Of a stern-faced dad. grown bent, an
worn, an' gray:
Of thklds who cheer'd and whlmperM
when their brother went to fight
Hang the fortune! I am goln home to
day! ' -The Idler.
Ths Battle of Hanover.'
A controversy Is raging In the east
ern press as to the relative importance
of the so-called battle of Hanover. H.
C. Potter, whose version of the affair
started the ball rolling and called
forth criticism, writes the Philadel
phia Ledger as follows:
Permit me to reply to my critics in
reference to that affair at Hanover,
June 30, 1863. They have fallen Into
the common error of relying too much
on official reports. Most of these were
made -several months after and arc
most dramatic. Stuart's report is most
flattering to himself. I make the fol
lowing statement in defense of my
regiment, which behaved nobly, and
if any one in it was stampeded it. was
myself, and I would do the same thing
over again similarly situated.
The division left Littiestown about
8 o'clock a. m. in the following order:
Kilpatrick, with his staff and body
guard, First Ohio; Custer, with the
First; Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Michi
gan; then the artillery; then Farns
worth (Richmond did not command
a brigade then), with the First Ver
mont, First West Virginia and Fifth
New York. Behind them came the
ambulance, wagons, horses and pack
mules, and last of all the Eighteenth
Pennsylvania Cavalry.
My regiment was the last to leave,
and I did not leave there until 10 a.
m. When starting, Lieutenant Colonel
William P. Brinton, in command, or
dered me to pick my men and re
main abcut n mile in the rear. I took
about twenty men, each from L and M
companies. At this time I carried a
carbine. We proceeded, making In
quiry of every one if any "Johnnies"
bad been seen, but none had been.
After going a few miles I was Joined
by Capt. Freeland, of my regiment
He rode with us for a while, and he
and the men he had with him left,
taking a road to the right Most of
us that day wore our cape overcoats.
As we neared Hanover, a little after
11 o'clock, we came to a stream
across the road (no bridge), where
we watered our horses. While wat
ering a farmer came from a bouse
close by, calling to me, 'The rebs
have taken my horses and cows!" I
went with him to his barn, where he
showed me the empty stalls and point
ed out in the distance a small body
of troops, who had with them one of
those old-fashioned Conestoga wag
on?. Those troops had on blue coat,
and I thought it was Freeiaud. I told
the farmer I would have his stock re
turned to him and left, not being satis
fled in my mind. I sent Corporals
Street; and Dannenhower to see who
they were. They came back saying it
was Freeland. We went on. these
troops getting closer and their num
bers increasing. I was suspicious, as
their guidon was very red. I loaded
my piece and ordered the men to
load. When about a mile from the
town the road they went on turned
sharply into the one we were on,
and about sixty of them came out
directly in front of us. They called
on us not to shoot, but surrender, say
ing. "We've just captured some of
you'ns," and they would not shoot I
had been quietly talking to the men.
and told .them when I gave the order
to fire and charge. When we got very
close to them we fired (this was the
first shot fired), they scattered and
we went through them. It did not
take long for them to recover and
come after. As we ran toward the
tows a bend in the road brought Into
view the rear of my regiment dis
mounted. Hearing the firing in their rear they
were mounting their horses, and some
of them joined us in driving them
back. It was here I was joined by
Adjutant Gall (I first called him Lee),
of the Fifth New York. He rode with
me at the head of t)ie first set of
fours. He did not get far when be
fell from his horse. We were again
driven back, and this time the whole
regiment joined in and we drova them
to a standstill. It was here up a
lane, with a high, stiff post and rail
fence on each side, the cutting and
slashing was done, and for a few in
tje very front it was a fist fight It
was here Gen. Custer came dashing
up In the field behind us, shouting
"Drive them!" but for a short time
neither side would give way. Custer
went back for more troops, but before
they arrived the enemy dropped a
shell (the first fired) In our midst,
when we gave way and fell back to
the edge of the town, when the Fifth
New York came to our' assistance.
TJis practically ended the affair.
Elder's Battery was by this time
brought into Market Square and a few
shots were exchanged -from the one
gun the enemy had in action. The
Fifth New York and Eighteenth Penn
sylvania were the only troops actively
engaged on our side, and the "rebs"
at no time had over 700 or 800 and
hut one gun that they used.
Lieut. Col. Payne was not captured
a? Stuart says. We lost no wagons
or ambulance, and the enemy were
never near them. Lieutenant Colonel
Payne ventured too near town, and
ft?8 horse killed and. In his hurry to
get away, fell in a tan vat We killed
a Confederate colonel and burled Lira,
with three or four men, where 'they
fell inside the fence aad not far
from the creek. The whole affair was
an accident, and had, they gathered
up our little command (as they did
others) without making a noise about
It there would have ueen no so-called
battle of Hanover.
The First G. A. It. Camp.
The movement to erect a monument
to Dr. B. F. Stephenson, founder of
the Grand Army of the Republic. Is of
especial interest to Capt Christian
Vv T I
W. A
RIebsame of-BIoomlngton, 111, who is
one of four surviving charter mem
bers of the first post which was organ
ized at Decatur, III., April 6. '1866.
Capt RIebsame was a resident of De?
catur and clearly recalls the incidents
connected with the early history of
the great order. The other survivors
are Capt M. F. Kanaa and Lieut I. N.
Coltrin of Decatur, and Capt J. T.
Bishop of Pittsburg, Pa. C. M. Imbo
den of Decatur has all the records of
Post No. 1, including the charter and
all the correspondence that passed
back and forth when a city In Michi
gan was claiming the honor of being
the birthplace of the order. This cor
respondence only strengthens the
claims of Decatur for that honor. He
also has the first ritual used. This
reposes in the vaults of a bank In De
catur. An interesting souvenir is a
small block of solid silver that was
sent to, the surviving members, when
the twenty-fifth anniversary was cele
brated In 1891.
Dr. Stephenson, who belonged to
the Fourteenth Illinois Infantry surgi
cal department consulted with W J.
Rutledge, chaplain of the same regi
ment, In Springfield, in the spring of
186C, relative to a veteran's organiza
tion. He found In Mr. Rutledge a cor
dial sympathizer. He procured a copy
of the ritual of a soldier organization
already formed and outlined a form
for use. in the new order.
I. N. Coltrin, who joined the first
post, was the first one who set up
part of this as a printer. 'He said of
it recently: "The ritual had a lot of
stuff In it that was afterward cut out
The Sons of Malta was the thing then,
and it. Was patterned somewhat after
that order. The copy furnished by
Stephenson was a mixed up mess and
contained long eulogies of Lincoln and
Douglas and did not resemble that of
the Grand Army. I had a lot of the
original rituals which we printed
stored at my house for many years,
but finally I destroyed them."
The first post was organized on the
anniversary of the battle of SEilob,
with twelve charter members. The
name of Dr. Stephenson is appended
to the charter and he is designated as
"commander of department" He died
Aug. 30, .1871, without beholding the
later realization of his dream of an
organization of hundreds of thousands
who enlisted in defense of the Repub
lic. The original plan of organization
was cumbersome, including, besides
the present system, a district or coun
ty government with officers having
supervision of the posts.
The work of organizing posts was
pushed and before the close of 1866
the order was extended into twelve
states. Post No. 2 was organized in
Philadelphia and included 'twenty-one
commissioned .officers. The depart
ment of Illinois was organized July 12,
1866, at Springfield, and Gen. John M.
Palmer chosen commander. The first
convention was held in Indianapolis
on November 20, 1866. Gen. S. A.
Hurlbut was chosen first commander
in chief.
Dr. Stephenson was greatly disap
pointed that he was not honored at
either gathering by being chosen com
mander, but loyally accepted the post
of adjutant general, and during the
year following labored zealously by
the upbuilding of -the organization.
The membership in 1SC5 aggregated
ilO.OcO, but in the years following
there was a marked decline in inter
est and membership until in 1S78
there were but 31,000 members. After
that year, however, there was a new
lease of life, and since then the
growth has been marvelous.
Gen. Henry Kyd Douglas.
Gen. Henry Kyd Douglas, who died
recently at Hagerstown, Md., was not
only one of the most brilliant officers
who served in the Confederate army
during the civil war, in which he
achieved great distinction, first upon
the staff, of Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson
and later as a regimental officer. He
was one of the brightest and wittiest
cf companions, always ready with a
story of bis army life.
One day he was speaking of the
"style assumed by the wealthy young
men of the South when they first went
into the Confederate army. Plenty of
handsome clothes and a colored body
servant were not at all uncommon.
After a year or so there was a great
change In this respect, and Geu.
Douglas narrated an incident of his
life as a regimental commander. See
ing one of the wealthiest and most
aristocratic young Virginians of his
regiment in a shabby old uniform,
carrying a bucket of slops from the
company kitchon on one occasion, he
commohtcd:
"Tom. I never expected to see you
carrying slops."
The young soldier promptly replied:
"D n U, Kyd, this Isn't slops; it is
patriotism,'"
On one occasion Gen, Douglas lec
tured in Boston, his' lecture being one
of a course delivered alternately by
Union and Confederate officers. As
he was the first of the latter who
spoke In the course he began by say
ing hat as this was bis first public
appearance in Boston since the civil
war he had felt that be might placate
his hearers for having engaged in the
rebellion by some act of penance.
With this in mind he bad that day
climbed Bunker Hill monument
"But as between repeating that
climb and again rebelling against Un
cle 8am,'1 he said, "you may depend
upon my rebelling every time."
This utterance so pleased an old
lady in the audience who was a lineal
descendant of Gen. Warren that she
invited him to tea.
Gettysburg Address Mcmtrlak
Secretary Root has entered into a
contract with the Van Andring Com
pany for the erection in the National
Cemetery at Gettysburg of a memorial
of the address delivered by President
Lincoln on Nov. Iff, 1868, on the oc
casion of the dedication of that ceme
tery. ' In February. 1895. Congress
passed an act appropriating 85.000 for
a suitable bronze tablet and specified
the portion of the address to be In
scribed upon It
The plans approved by Secretary
Root called for a granite oxodra, 22
feet wide, exhibiting a granite pillar
surmounted by a bronze bust of the
martyred President On one aide of
the pedestal Is to be a bronxo tablet
exhibiting a portion of the address
and on the other side another bronze
tablet witaHke legend of the memorial
The site selected la as near the spot
where the address was delivered aa
Is possible under existing conditions
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Feeding Economically.
It is impossible to feed economical
ly while one kind of element is being
given in such proportion .that only a
part' of it can be utilized. It a cow
can use in a day only two pounds of
protein and 11 pounds of carbohy
drates, it will be a great waste for us
to feed her two pounds of protein and
twenty pounds of carbohydrates. In
that case, nine pounds of digestible
carbohydrates will pass through the
digestive system unutilized, and will
be cast out into the manure heap.
There are yet thousands of cow feed
era that say they care nothing about
the knowledge of balanced rations,
but suck men are certainly wasting
good feed without knowing it It is
impossible to balance our foods per
fectly, but we can' balance them ap
proximately. It is true that we lave
just began to learn how to feed eco
nomically. There la little doubt that
if the carbohydrates and protein feeds
fed to the cows in the United States
could be properly proportioned we
would get at least twenty-five per cent
ssore products of all kinds from them
than we do at the present time. Now,
sometimes it is the protein that is
wasted and sometimes it is the carbo
hydrates, but both come in for a
large share oZ the wastage. As yet
da!ry feeds arc not sold according to
their relative value, but according to
the supply and demand. On? kind of
feed may be worth, say ten per cent
less than another kind of feed, but
if it becomes scarce it -will. pass the
other in price, it will thus be. seen
that the economical feeder cannot
take prices as a criterion by which
to determine- his feeding operations.
In some parts of the country we find
timothy hay selling for a greater price
than clover and alfalfa, and cow
keepers buying the timothy in prefer
ence to the other kind. In such cases
the feeding is the opposite of eco
nomical. The Hard Milkir. Cow.
-Every farmer has had trouble with
hard-milking cows. Generally the
difficulty comes from the smallness of
the teats. The cow with very small
teats with small orifices is doubly
hard to handle In this respect Nev
ertheless, some of these animals are
good mothers and give x large. mess
of fairly rich milk. This fact has
kept many such a cow alive when she
would otherwise have been sent to
the butcher. One of the best ways
to utilize cows of this description is
to make them foster mothers. The
calves of the easy milking cows can
be given to these to nurse for the
first four weeks of their lives, or
until other calves are ready to take
their places. This is the practice
with some dairymen and general
farmers. It would be more generally
practiced if the cows on our farms
came in fresh in all the different
months of the year instead of nearly
all of them in the spring. As it is,
the nurse cow finds herself without
a calf to milk her by midsummer,, and
the hired man has to undertake the
job.
Goats for Dairying.
It seems likely that 'in the not dis
tant future we will have to welcome
the goat to the number of our dairy
animals. The goat has long been ac
important factor in the dairying in
foreign countries, but has never at
tained such distinction in this coun
try. About the only place in which
the goat I:as ever received any dis
tinction of this kind in the United
'States is in some of the poorer por
tions of our large cities, where the
nanny goat may be seen Here ana-
ithere trying to pick a living from
.among the piles of rubbish and toma
.to cans on the vacant lots. We un
derstand that the United States De
partment of Agriculture is about to
send an agent to Europe to study the
milk goat there and the methods of
caring for them and handling their
milk. As all know, some of the most
famed of the foreign cheese is made
from the milk of the goat. The milk
and cheese making industry in some
of our European countries hangs
largely on the milk-giving powers of
the goat.
Brome for Hay and Pasturage.
As a meadow grass Bromc has not
proved universally satisfactory; for
while a large majority have reported
favorably, some have complained that
it made a thick, compact sod, but did
not grow tall enough to yield a sat
isfactory crop of bay, says E. C. Chi!
cott of the South Dakota station. We
have had no difficulty in this respect,
nor have any of the farmers in this
vicinity, so far as we know. Most of
these complaints have come from
those who sowed it on rather light,
sandy land with water near the sur
face, on land well adapted to the
growth of the common blucjolnt and
alfalfa. We have grown it on both
upland and bottom and with good re
sults, but we find that it usually be
comes turf-bound about the third or
fourth year after sowing, and believe
that it will usually be found desirable
to either break it up w use it for pas
ture after cutting three or tour crops
for seed and hay.
Brome grass should be sown broad
cast or with a drill upon well prepared
land, at the rate of fifteen to twenty
pounds per acre, either with or with
out a nurse crop. If sown with a
nurse crop about one-halt bushel of
wheat should be used, and it should
bo sown with the rest of the wheat
crop as early in April as the soil is
in good condition. If sown nroadcast
It should be covered by a light drag
ging. If sown with a drill, no
dragging will be needed after sow
ing, but a good firm seed-bed should
be prepared by thorough dragging be
fore sowing. Some difficulty has been
experienced in sowing with a drill, as
the seed Is so light and chaffy that it
does not feed well. If sown' without a
nurse crop, it is better to delay sow
ing until about the first of June; sow
ing in the same manner as with a
nurse crop. It usually produces a good
crop of seed the first year alter sow
ing, and an excellent crop of either
seed or bay the second and third
years. We have frequently obtained
a good yield of both seed and hay by
allowing the seed to ripen, cutting
the seed with a binder set high
enough to pass over the thick mat of
bottom. grass aad following with a
mower. The seed shells badly if al
lowed to stand for even a day after it
is ripe, so it should be closely watched
'and promptly cut as soon as the seed
hardens. Brome grass should not be
pastured the first year after sowing,
and It is much safer to wait until the
third year, when it will have become
so thoroughly established that It will
Stand HT rSJMahla nnnnt nf
LIVESTOCK
cv
Growth of the Home's Hoof.
John W. Adams, professor of veteri
nary surgeon in the University of
Pennsylvania, says: All parts of the
hoof grow downward and forward
-with equal rapidity, the rate of growth
being largely dependent upon tap
amount of blood supplied to the pods
derm, or "quick." Abundant and reg
ular exercise, good grooming, moist
neos and suppleness of the hoof, going
barefoot, plenty of good food and at
proper intervals removing the over
growth of hoof and regulating the
bearing surface, by increasing the vol
ume and improving the quality oT the
blood flowing into the podedenn. favor
the rapid growth of horn of good qual
ity; while lack of exercise, dryness of
the horn and excessive length of th
hoof hinder growth.
The average rate of growth is about
one-third of an inch a month. Him1
hoofs grow faster than fore hoofs and
unshod ones faster than shod ones.
The time required for the horn to grow
from the coronet to the ground, though
influenced to a slight degree by the
precited conditions, varies in propor
tion to the distance of the coronet
from the ground. At the toe, depend
ing on its height the horn grows down
in eleven to thirteen months, at the
side wall in six to eight months and at
the heels in three to five months. We
can thus estimate with tolerable ac
curacy the time required for the dis
appearance of such defects in the hoof
as cracks, clefts, etc.
Irregular growth Is not infrequent
The almost invariable cause of this ia
an improper distribution of the body
weight over the hoofthat is, an un
balanced foot. Colts running in soft
pasture or confined for long periods in
the stable are frequently allowed to
grow hoofs of excessive length. The
long toe becomes " dished "that is.
coucave from the coronet to the ground
the long quarters curl forward and
inward and often completely cover the
frog or lead to contraction of the heels,
or the whole hoof bends outward or in
ward, and a crooked foot, or, even
worse, a crooked leg, Is the result if
the long hoof be allowed to exert its
powerful and abnormally directed lev
erage for but a few months upon
young plastic bones and tender and
lax articular ligaments. All colts are
not foaled with straight legs,, but fail
ure to regulate the length and bearing
of the hoof may make a straight leg
crooked and a crooked leg worse, just
as intelligent care during the growing
period can greatly improve a congen
ially crooked limb. If breeders were
more generally cognizant of the power
of overgrown and unbalanced hoofs to
divert the lower bones ox. young legs
from their proper direction and, there
fore, to cause ihern to be moved im
properly, with loos of speed and often
with injury to the limbs, we might
hope to see fewer knock-kneed, bow
legged, "splay-footed," "pigeon-toed,''
cow-hocked, interfering and paddling
horses.
If in shortening the hoof one side
wall is, from ignorance, left too long
or cut down too low with relation to
the other, the foot will be unbalanced,
and in traveling the long section will
touch the ground first and will contin
ue to do so till it has been reduced to
its proper level (length) by the in
creased wear which will take place at
this point While this occurs rapidly
in unshod- hoofs, the shoe prevents
wear of the hoof, though it is itself
more rapidly worn away beneath the
high (long) side than elsewhere, so
that by the time the shoe Js worn out
the tread of the shoe may be flat. If
this mistake be repeated from month
to month, the part of the wall left too
high will grow more rapidly than th
low side whose pododerm is relatively
anemic as a result of the greater
weight falling into this half of the
hoof, and the ultimate result will be a
"wry" or crooked foot.
When Pigs are Growing.
Wm. Bunt, in an address to farmers,
said': A one-rule method of feeding
may not be successful always, as con
ditions vary- It may be from the
weather or something peculiar to the
animals themselves. Some litters I
have been able to feed heavily, and
others only very carefully for fear of
crippling them. By care and practice
a person ran find out a proper method
and should aim to carry It out syste
matically. I have found that grain
with the milk and slops from the
house, fed morning and evening, with
roots for the noon meal, is a very suc
cessful plan. The animals get lively
and healthy. Running out or meal is
a great mistake, and should be
avoided. Running to tho granary and
taking the first thing that is handy,
to satisfy the animals, is wasteful aad
unsatisfactory, and If indulged in to
a great extent, will soon make them
unthrifty, and it will be a serious loss
to the owner. Some recommend to
let them out for exercise once in a
while, but I am inclined to think it
makes them restless and uneasy. Di
viding the room into two, I find a very
good plan, if the space permits It.
with a low fence for them to jump
over, in passing from one pen to the
other. Do not keep too many in ace
pen unless the space is large, aad has
plenty of troughs. Troughs should be
the proper height with slats nailed
across to prevent them from crowding
each other from the trough, and this
also keeps the food clean. Tho slats
should be nailed to the outer edge of
the trough, on an incline up to the
wall. This prevents them from get
ting across or monopolizing more than
their share, and keeps the stronger
from rooting off the weaker ones.
Now feed regularly and carefully.
Increasing in strength and quantity,
as. your judgment sees fit. Your ob
ject should be, not fattening exclu
sively, as is too often tho case, but
growing and moderately fattening un
til they reach the desired weight of
160" to 200 pound3. The last few weeks
they should be fed principally on
grain. Again I would like to impress
the importance of keeping them clean
and dry, ' Remove the soiled and damp
bedding often, and replace with a lit
tle dry straw. Clean wheat straw is
preferable, as it does not keep damp,
or pack and heat as quickly as the
other.
King Is Motorist
King Victor Emmanuel, who will
open the international exhibition of
automobiles in Turin next February,
ia an cnthusiastie motorist.
Marine Hospital Service.
The public health and marine hos
pital service costs $1,000,000 a year.
-, 1
Only 19.2&2 sealskins were taken on
the Pribilof islands during the season
of 1903.
The rye crop last year, with an
acreage of 1,906,894, yielded $15,993,
LIVE SHOCK
cy
Facta in CatUo Foodhif.
Joan R. Fain of the Tennessee sta
tion drawn the following conclusions
from an experiment carried on at the
station ia the feeding of silage. With
native cattle very satisfactory gains
can be nude, these galas varying
from 1.2 to 2.1 pounds per head per
day. With six of the animals tested
a gain of practically 1.5 pounds per
day was made throughout the entire
feeding period. The ration composed
of silage, cottonseed meal aad corn
meal was tho most satisfactory one in
point of palatabllity and gain In live
weight, and is probably better adapted
for use on the average southern farm
than any other. It was found that
cowpea hay could be quite advanta
geously substituted for cotton-seed
meal, in some cases. It requires long
feeding periods to finish cattle prop
erly. Several of the groups showed
in average gain of 1.5 to 2 pounds per
Jay at the end of the 120 days' feed
ing, and still they were only In fair
condition. Indicating that a 150-day
period would have been more satis
factory. Fifteen cattle fed on dry rations for
120 days made an average gain of
1.27 pounds. Fifteen cattle fed on
succulent rations for the same. time,
with the same concentrates, made an
average gain of 1.75 pounds. The
average results of two years trial on
the university farm show that about
7.8 tons of corn silage and 7.2 tons
or sorghum silage can be obtained per
acre. The cost of corn silage ia
$17.08 and the sorghum silage $12.81
per acre. Silage from either source
is equally satisfactory as a roagbneaa
for beef cattle, though owing to tho
fact that sorghum silage can bo
grown as a "second crop" it can bo
produced for some less than the com
silage. Stover ia not aa satisfactory
a roughness as silage. A pound of
gain with stover fed cattle cost C?
cents, .whereas with silage-fed cattle
a pound of gala under the same condi
tions cost 6.82 cents. Cotton seed
brand fed either as a ronghnesa by it
self or when substituted for 48 per
cent of cotton seed meal and fed as
a concentrate did not prove satisfac
tory. The farmer can produce his own
roughness for less than he can buy
it, and it will always be to bis iaterest
to buy the pure cotton seed meal.
More Protein and Ash.
It has been well demonstrated that,
in the fattening of young bogs, n ra
tion containing more protein and ash
than does com gives better results
than does a sole corn ration. This is
something new to most hog raisers.
It has been quite generally recognized
that In growing the frame of bogs
mucn protein was needed, bat most
people hnve assumed -that once the
frame had reached a marketable size,
a whole corn ration could be fed to
advantage. Experiments made at the
Iowa station apparently show the op
posite. When one stops to consider
the matter he is led to realize tho
fact that the natural activity of the
hog must consume a very large
amount of protein, even after the
frame js built The muscles that
carry on the life work must be re
newed constantly. Thus, the heart is
always using up protein material, and
the place of this wasted material can
tot be taken by the carbohydrates
that so largely comprise the digestible
mtrients of the corn ration. In fact,
a too large amount of these fat-forming
substances weakens all the mus
cles, including those that take part
in the work of digestion. Good,
healthy, strong internal muscles are
necessary to enable the animal to
change the carbohydrate food Into fat
So we have the anomalous condition
of some foods being so fatty as to
actually prevent the animal laying
on fat, after a certain duration of that
process. If animals were able to put
all their strength into laying on fat
alone, even pure starch might be fed
sometimes to advantage. A ration for
fattening should contain a greater
amount of carbohydrates than does
the growing ration, but it should not
exceed in fat-forming elements the
other ration so much as we bad sup
posed it should.
Live Stock in Michigan.
Fred M. Warner, secretary of State
of Michigan, in the January report on
live stock conditions says: The aver
age condition of live stock in the
state is reported as follows, compari
son being with stock in good, healthy
and thrifty condition: Horses, cattle,
sheep and swine, each 96 per cent
The average price of .fat cattle was
$3.41 per cwt, of fat hogs $4.19 per
cwt., and of dressed pork $5.53 per
cwt. The average price of each class
of horses was as follows: Under one
year old, $33.24; between one and two
years old, $52.75; between two and
three years old, $78.06; three years
old and over, $108.29. Milch cows
were worth $34.32 per head. Cattle
other than milch cows, under one year
old, were worth, per head. $10.26:
between one and two years old.
$17.35; between two and threo years
old, $26.59, and three years old and
over, $34.21. The average price of
sheep under one year old was $2.82.
and one year old and over, $3.43:
hogs not fatted were worth $3.78 per
cwt The prices are for the state.
The prices of farm crops are nearly
the same as they were one year ago,
except wheat, which is 11 cents per
bushel higher. All grades of horses
arc higher than one year ago; on tho
other hand, cattle and hogs, both
alive and dressed, are worth consid
erably less than in January, 1903.
Provide for Hog Pastor.
Every farmer that raises hogs and
keeps them penned up all the time is
laboring under great diflcaltles in bis
attempts to make money out of hogs.
The man that buys grain to feed his
swine from the time the pigs are bora
till tho mature hogs are marketed will
find his margin of profit small. It la
only by cnanging some of tho very
cheap feeds Into pork that a profit can
be figured out, at least under present
prices. Blue grass and clover pastures
should he planned for wherever pos
sible. When such are not available
rape aad alfalfa may bo resorted to.
The Kansas station has tried both and
found them very profitable. With a
pasture of rape they realized $11.90
per acre In about 100 days. With al
falfa, they aid still better, averaging
$24.10 per acre from it ia 100 days.
But the alfalfa pasture Is' not always
a possibility, while the rape pasturela. '
Seeds placed la the ground absorb
moisture mora rapidly to warm soil
tnJI & OM nd thus germinate
earlier. Seeda can not be dennfi
on to grow In n cold ground.
A good man aad a good business
nan are not necessarily synonymous.
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