Nebraska Newspapers

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Wo Change in "Dixie."
(At the state confederate reunions to
Missouri a motion to rewrite "Dixie mi
'nost caused a riot and was unanimously
voted down.)
What: change the words of "Dixie.'
The good old sons we sang
When leaden bullets marked the time
And sliver bugles rang?
The lines that llnd an echo
In every southern heart. ,
The strains that melt our very souis
Until the tear-drops start?
Von might as well make over.
In something strange and new.
The prater we lisped at mothers Knee
When fell the evening dew. .
The moth to dust and powder
Hs turned the coat of gray.
But "Dixie" lives on every lip.
The southern "Marseillaise."
"Away down Fouth in Dixie!"
Call up a vision bright
Of moonlight where the Suwance flows.
And cotton fields by night;
And rows of tall palmettos
Against the starlit sky;
And oh! to live in Dixieland.
Ja Dixieland to die!
Beneath the starry ensign
That high above our heads
Its splendor to the morning breez
In fadeless beauty spreads:
The banner from whose glories
The south no more shall sever,
I take my stand in Dixieland.
For "Dixie's" words forever.
Leslie's "Weekly.
First Civil War Volunteer.
The first volunteer for the civil
war is still living. He is Dr. Charles
F. Rand of Washington, retired from
active practice by reason of trouble
some wounds received nearly forty
years ago.
A certificate in the capitol of New
York State at Albany attests the pri
ority of Dr. Rand's tender of his
services. The certificate is signed by
the mayor and two prominent citizens
of Batavia. N. Y.. also by the county
clerk and the sheriff of Genessee coun
ty, stating that in less than ten min
utes after the call of President Lin
coln, April 15, 18G1. for 75,000 volun
teers was taken from the wires the
name of Charles F. Rand was enrolled
as a soldier. Among all the war rec
ords at Washington there is none of
an earlier enlistment than that of
P. 02ZQryjrJ&&iZ
Dr. Rand, and the honor has there
fore been given him by common con
sent Not only was Dr. Rand the first vol
unteer for the civil war. but he was
also the first soldier to win the con
gressional medal of honor for distin
guished gallantry in action. This
event occurred at Blackburn's Ford.
Va., in less than three months after
his enlistment. His command was
ordered to retreat, and every man
obeyed, save young Rand, at the time
- but 18 years of age. The rest of his
battalion, numbering 500 men, was
swept in disorder from the field, bnt
Rand held his ground, notwithstand
ing the fact that the field was plowed
by shot and shell all about him. The
enemy finally absolutely refused to
fire at the boy standing bravely alone
and shooting at them as coolly as if
he had a thousand men at his back.
Rand then crept across a deep ravine
and joined the command of Gen. A. H.
Barnum.
Dr. Rand's patriotism and gallantry
have been recognized by two gover
nors of the State of New York and by
three Presidents. He was twice per
sonally honored by President Lincoln.
New York remembered him with a
gold medal appropriately inscribed,
and the United States government has
presented him with a plot in the most
beautiful part of Arlington cemetery,
where, at the proper time, the State
of New York will erect a monument
worthy of the first man to offer his
services as a volunteer during the
great rebellion.
Big Horse With Long Stride.
"Gen. Sherman would never ride one
of those fancy gaited horses," said
Gen. E. D. Kirby of this city, in speak
ing of the great civil war general.
"He always had a standing order with
the chief quartermaster to keep his
eyes open for a fast-walking animal,
and that is the kind of a horse the
general always rode, a big animal with
a long stride, and one that walked so
swiftly that the horses of his staff
officers were kept on a "dog trot' in
order to keep up with the procession.
The general never seemed attracted
by the fancy steppers, but whenever
he saw an animal that could cover the
distance in good time as a walker he
always expressed a desire to own the
animal."
Capt. M. F. Madigan of Cleveland,
who was in Sherman's command, told
a Star reporter that the general had
a habit of walking back and forth In
front of his tent late at night when on
the field. "The general seemed to
farm his most successful plans of bat
tle during these little pacings back
and forth in front of his tent." said
Capt Madigan, "and when we noticed
him walking up and down the small
space in front of headquarters we felt
sure that on the morrow there would
be something to do in the battle line.
"I recall an incident illustrating the
general's good nature, and his habit of
making the best of bad conditions,"
continued the' captain. "During the
Atlanta campaign we were cut off
from supplies for a long time ami the
continued marching had worn away
.the shoes of a large cumber of the
men. It was impossible to obtain any
more. One day the men were march
ing past Gen. Sherman and a number
of staff officers, when the commanding
officer saw the lines of men marching
in their bare feet, with their trousers
rolled up to their knees. The general
was a spare man and when he saw
some of the strong, brown limbs of
the men in the ranks, he turned to
one of the officers and remarked:
Gosh! Look at those legs. V
give both of mine for one of them.
Washington Star.
Pass for a Traitor.
An interesting incident of the army
career of Gen. Alexander D. McTnok
wfco died in June last, proving the
policy ho pursutd toward J
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rebels, was told In a circle of war vet
erans a few days ago.
A Southerner, named "Bus Rowe,
living in a small town of two hundred
or three hundred population in Hart
county, Ky., about sixty miles south
of Louisville, where the industries
were the manufacture, of flour,'-' lum
ber and tobacco, spent most of his
time while the Confederates were in
possession of that part of the state
lying around a tavern, drinking whis
ky and blowing and blustering abort
southern rights and insulting the
Union men in the town. When the
Union troops advanced and the rebels
fell back, just before McCook's victory
at Perryville. Rowe oid not feel dis
posed to take up arms la behalf of
the cause he championed, but to se
cure his own peace and safety at
home, he expressed a desire to "take
the oath." The Union men of the
county lectured him, and 'they also
acquainted Gen. McCook . with his
rebel sympathies, and he found it dif
ficult to get a Union man to go with
him to appeal to Gen. McCook to take
the oath and secure a pass to go about
unmolested. Finally one of the resi
dents did go with him, and after the
occasion for the visit had been ex
plained. Gen. McCook turned to the
Union man with this response:
"Administer the oath to him a
ready traitor to his country and to his
own neighbors, as well? What regard
do you suppose he would have for the
solemn obligation of an oath? A man
who would betray his flag and his peo
ple would have no respect for his
oath."
Rowe turned pale and trembled for
fear that his end had come. Gen.
McCook absolutely refused to allow
the oath to be administered, or a pass
to be issued to Rowe, but, as he could
cot get out of camp without some
sort of a document from Gen. Mc
Cook, he appealed to those whom he
had abused because of their loyalty
and begged their forgiveness and in
tercession in his behalf. At last Gen.
McCook assented and gave Rowe a
document which read thus:
"To the Guards and Pickets: The
bearer is a traitor to his country. Pass
him, but in doing so mark him well,
and if you see him prowling about our
lines shoot him at once."
Rowe took the document, but was
careful not to violate its conditions.
The 73d Regiment Monument.
The Seventy-third was recruited in
this city in June and July, 1861, and
was originally known as the Penn
sylvania Legion. Its officers were
John A. Koltes, colonel; G. A. Muebl
eck, lieutenant colonel; Leopold
Seropt , major, and William Moore, au
jutant. Koltes was killed at the sec
ond Bull's Run. The regiment par
ticipated in the battles of Chicka
mauga. Missionary Ridge, Cross Keys.
Gettysburg, and it was with Sherman
in his march from Atlanta to the sea.
At Missionary Ridge it lost 200 men
in killed, wounded and missing.
From the Missionary Ridge battle
field the survivors proceeded to the
Shiloh battleground to participate in
the ceremonies of dedicating a monu
ment to the Seventy-seventh Pennsyl
vania Volunteers who took a leading
part in the engagement at that place.
The monument stands upon the po
sition occupied by the regiment dur
ing the battle, and its is located on
the Purdy-Hamburg road, one-fourth
of a mile from the Shiloh Meeting
house, from which the battle derives
its name.
It is of Barre granite and, includ
ing the bronze statue, it is 16 feet
6 inches in height. Five bronze tab
lets, with the coat of arms of Penn
sylvania, add to the beauty of the
structure.
New Tomb for Gen. Hancock.
Renewal of the project to remove
the body of Gen. Winfield Scott Han
cock from Norristown, Penn., to Ar
lington, has led the Montgomery Coun
ty Historical Society to take steps to
build a new tomb in which to place
the general's body, this being deemed
necessary because the sandstone in
the present vault is crumbling. B.
Percy Chain, a member of the local
bar, announced at the meeting of the
Gen. John R. Brooke that in a short
time plans would be matured to place
the body in a costly mausoleum in Ar
lington. The society of the Army of the
Potomac, dissatisfied by the neglected
condition of the tomb in Norristown.
is pushing the movement to provide
another burial place. The tomb in
Montgomery cemetery was planned by
Gen. Hancock himself not long before
his death in 18S6. He bad often ex
pressed the wish to be buried near his
boyhood home. The vault is built ol
a soft sandstone and facing the east
it suffers the full force of all storms
The cornice has fallen away and dis
integration has set in in other parts.
Philadelphia Press.
He Lacked Speed.
He had been, all his life, accustomed
to the leisurely ways of plantation
"big bouse" life as valet for the "ole
Mars'." and after bis death for the
son and successor. When that indi
vidual, at the outbreak of "the late
unpleasantness," threw his books
aside and donned a uniform, Tarquln
decided that he still needed looking
after, and that he was the only person
competent to assume that duty.
But the promptness required in his
new surroundings was difficult for him
to reach. When, after several in
stances where his lack of speed had
brought trouble to his master, the lat
ter made vigorous remonstrance. The
old servitor took it patiently at first,
but showed impatience, as the reproof
was prolonged, till, as the young offi
cer ended by saying:
"Now, Tarquin, you must take Time
by the forelock, and not be always
behind." he retorted, half in scorn and
half in anger:
"Huh! Cat's verry well. Mars' John,
but It's more'n I kin do to get him by
de tail in all dis fuss, say nothin' ob
de forelock." Army and Navy Jour
nal. Old Soldier Seeks Comrades.
J. C. Murphy, who served in Gen.
Sherman's army during the civil war.
is searching for two old comrades of
his in his efforts to induce the govern
ment to grant him a pension.
"If I can locate James Armstrong
or James Morrison," says the old sol
dier. "I can then get the necessary
proof to show that I fought in the
war. They are two of my old com
rades. If they are dead, then I must
look in another direction for aid."
Murphy lives at 701 JftQksoa boule
vard. Chicago.
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Argentina Dairy' Industry.
Daring the year 1902 Argentina ex
ported 1,308,200 pound of batter, chief
ly to England aad South Africa, says
a report of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture. This was an In
crease of 187 ner cent over the ex
portation of the previous year, which
was 3,232,391 pounds.. There are no
statistics of production for home con
sumption, but the best estimate avail
able that of the Rural Society-puts
the production of the province of Bue
nos Aires at 20' toils per1 day. The
production and consumption of butter
outside this province it is not possible
to estimate closely, bnt certainly all
the rest of the country does not pro
duce 10 per cent of the amount pro
duced In this province, if we leave out
of the account the amount, produced
and consumed in the city and vicinity
of Rosario, the second city of the Re
public, having a population of oyer
120,000. Even this city is supplied.
to a large extent, from the province of
Buesos Aires, for as yet only a small
proportion of the estancieros arc mak
ing butter. The private production
and consumption must also.be omit
ted in this comparison, for that Is in
creasing on the estancias. Still there
are thousands of people owning vari
ous numbers of cattle who either go
without butter or buy it in the towns.
The city of Buenos Aires, with its
876,000 people, is, of course, the chief
local market for Argentine butter, and
it is well supplied with a very good
quality. The consumption is estimat
ed at only 4 pounds per capita per
annum. The working classes do not
have butter on their tables as they do
in the United States. The present
price In the city is about 22 to 24
cents gold per pound. To supply the
demand there are four great factories,
or systems of factories. Their plan
of operation is something unique. Tho
industry is, of course, only in its in
cipiency, but it is interesting to note
the process and rapidity of its devel
opment, its extensive possibilities and
the probability of Its immediate and
tremendous growth. La Union Argen
tina, the chief butter maker of Argen
tina, Is a co-operative creamery on a
very large scale. It was organized in
1899 to save the butter industry from
the collapse that threatened it, which
was due to the wastefulness of small
individual production and the lack of
uniformity and modern methods.
Argentine butter is of a very good
quality, and uniformity is secured by
the large production under one man
agement. It lacks the firmness and
grain of United States butter, how
ever, andveven without considering
the fact tnat it is never salted, unless
so c-dered. it does not seem to have
quite the rich flavor of that made in
the best creameries of the United
States. However, it suits the Euro
rca:. market very well and is gaining
ground there.
Success in Dairying.
Prof. C. H. Eckels, of the Missouri
Agricultural College, says:
Success in dairying depends upon
several factors. It can hardly be said
that one of these is of more import
ance than another any more than one
horse is more important in pulling a
load than his mate. We must have a
cow adapted for milk production. That
cow must be well fed and cared for.
The product sold must be cared for
and manufactured in the best man
ner. The proper marketing of the
product must not be overlooked. To
reach the point where dairying be
comes profitable, we must give all
these points attention, and not con
fine ourselves to one. Proper care and
feeding go a long way towards get
ting the largest and most economical
production of milk, but if the cow
that receives these attentions is not
adapted by nature for producing milk,
the result may be far from satisfac
tory. The cow is a machine operated
on the farm for the purpose of con
verting farm crops into a more valu
able form. Some of these cow ma
chines are best adapted for converting
this raw material into beef, while
others produce milk from the same
feeds. Too many who undertake to
carry on dairying fail to select the
cows suited by nature for the purpose.
Too many times a cow is thought to
be about the same as every other cow
as far as producing dairy products is
concerned, while, as a matter of fact,
'the difference is very extreme and the
nature of the cow may mean success
or failure. It has been estimated that
at least one-third of the cows used for
dairy purposes in Missouri do not
more than pay for their feed, while
the profit is made by the other two
thirds. I believe if we could, by a
single act, remove every unprofitable
cow from the dairy herds of the coun
try the benefit to the industry would
be greater than any one other thing
that could be done.
Aeration.
Aeration has been very widely
adopted "by dairymen. It has two pur
poses, says Prof. W. H. Conn, of the
Connecticut station. (1) To remove
the so-called "animal odors." These
animal odors are almost wholly due
to the manure which gets into the
milk, and are not present in the milk
when cleanly drawn. Aeration for
this purpose should not, therefore, be
necessary, but for some milk as ordi
narily drawn it does have the value of
reducing the unpleasant odors that
come from filth. (2) Aeration as or
dinarily performed cools the milk, and
this, as we have just seen, is of very
great value. If the milk were cooled
in bottles as thoroughly the results
would be as satisfactory. Aeration
does not remove the bacteria, but on
the contrary exposes the milk to con
tamination from the air. It should,
therefore, always be done in a clean
room not connected with the stable.
Better results are obtained by clean
milking and Immediate bottling and
cooling than by aeration, provided the
milking is really cleanly, and the cool
ing thorough. The necessity for aera
tion seems to be inversely propor
tional to the care taken in milking.
Not all of these directions can be
adopted-at once, and some of them
may appear at first to be impractica
ble and useless. Many farmers are in
clined to think that the old methods
are good enough and that new sug
gestions are nonsense. But new' de
mands are being constantly made by
our cities, and the old methods are no
longer good enough. The farmer who
adheres to them is sure to be left be
hind by the one who adopts the new.
Of the usefulness of these suggestions
anj one may be convinced by allow
ing a sample of milk from a well-kept
and one from a poorly .kept barn to
stand a few hours and noting the
difference between 'them. The prac
ticability of such rules is' proved by
the" fact that, many dairymen adopt
them to-day to the great satisfaction I
oz uemsetve ana men- customers.
LIVE
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The Sow and Pigs. '
Prof. J., j. Ferguson, formerly of
the Michigan station, says: About
three or four weeks before the sow is
due to farrow feed her a greater
amount of bran or shorts than former'
ly; front a week to tea days we do
not give her any roots. You can best
feed young pigs by feeding the Both
er, feed good, stimulating rations when
the pigs are a week old, but remember
that heavy, full feed Is apt to throw
her out of condition and milk fever
is liable to set in. Do not at this time
feed barley or corn meal, especially
barley. A good many men la the bar
ley districts of Ontario tried feeding
the surplus to the pigs when the
American market failed them, aad In
consequence many of their brood sows
died. If there Is any business that
could be run profitably la connection
with our swine raising; it la dairying.
There is no food that will take the
place of milk for young pigs for a
time after they are separted from
their dams. It should be fed to them
with a meal ration of two parts shorts,
two parts fine oatmeal and one part
bran. We feed as high as 30 pounds
of skim milk and pay as high as 25
cents to 26 cents per cwt for the
milk. With skim milk we can carry
young pigs along cheaper than la
any other way. - It should not, how
ever, be fed without the meal ration,
as It Is liable to cause scours and
colic. When feeding ground oats 'sift
out the oat hulls and feed only the
meal to the pigs. The packer does
not want tae farmer to force his pigs
before they are at least seven months
old. as they are liable to be too soft
and flabby. It does not pay to carry
pigs over until they reach 400 or 500
pounds. From 200 to 300 pounds is
heavy enough, and these weights
should be reached in seven or eight
months.
Ewes in Fall and Winter.
Ewes before being bred in the fall
should be kept on good pasture, so as
to have them in a good strong phys
ical condition, said a speaker at a
sheep breeders' meeting. After hous
ing for the winter, the ram should al
ways be taken away from the flock.
Breeding ewes should not be -fed tur
nips before lambing, as it causes
lambs to come weak. After lambing
turnips should be fed. Provision
should always be made to keep up a
good supply of succulent food during
summer months. For this there is
nothing better than rape, and for fall
pasture rye is an excellent thing. In
fattening sheep It Is necessary to keep
up a continuous, steady growth, so as
to avoid unevenness and bunchiness
In the carcass. Sheep should not be
closely housed, but -should be given
an open shed, so that they can take
plenty of exercise, which is very es
sential for their well-being. The ob
ject in view during winter feeding of
lambs is to promote growth. For this
purpose yon must feed plenty of good
hay and occasionally pea straw, with
some roots, and a little grain, which
would be mostly bran and oats. While
the pasture Is good in summer, no ad
ditional food is necessary. Salt, wa
ter and shade should always be with
in reach of the animals. ' Care must be
taken when the pasture is poor to sup
plement this with .rape, vetches oi
other green crops. Beginning eight or
ten weeks before the time of slaugh
ter, a grain ration should be added.
We feed a mixture of oats, bran, oil
cake, peas, increasing the feed and
keeping the animals inside the latter
part of the finishing period.
Dairy Cows of Normandy.
Normandy has long been noted for
Its dairying, and the breed of cattle
carrying the provincial name has a
great reputation In France. The
choicest of this race is the "Conten
tin" strain, to be found pretty near
the coast, from Cherbourg well down
toward Brittany. In color they are
red, brown and white, spotted and
patched, from two-thirds white to
brindle. The best of them are large
framed, big-boned, coarse, homely
creatures, fleshy, without finish or
good beef form, lacking in uniformity
and generally devoid of the most highly-prized
dairy characteristics. They
have udders of all shapes, but few
really good ones; yet some are ca
pacious, and good cows average 8 to
10 quarts of milk a day for nine or
ten months, with 5,000 to 6,000 pounds
per year. It requires at least 12
quarts of milk In the winter and 14
or 15 In the summer to make a pound
of butter. The annual butter product
Is, therefore, 200 to 225 pounds per
cow; ordinarily 100 pounds a week
from twenty cows, rising at times to
123 or 130 pounds. A few specimens
of this breed have reached America
and found favor in some quarters.
But after some time spent in Norman
dy and an examination of many noted
herds, they were decided to be a
mixed, irregular, rough-looking lot of
cattle, with no indications of econom
ic dairy quality, and hardly attractive
as "dual-purpose" animals. Careful
comparative trials of dairy cows made
In France have proved the "Norman
des" to be inferior in every respect
to the Brown Swiss. Henry E. Al
vord. Live Stock in Great Britain.
The English Department of Agricul
ture has just issued its estimates of
live stock in Great Britain. We sum
marize it as follows: Number of farm
horses in use, 1,106,448, an increase
of 2.8 per cent over the preceding
year. Unbroken horses and colts
swell this to a total of 1.537,154, an in
crease of 2.2 per cent over the pre
ceding year.- Cows and heifers in
milk or calf, 2,588,205, an increase of
1.3 per cent over last year. Other
cattle two years old and above, 1,430,
625. Yearlings and calves bring the
total up to 6,704.610, an increase of 2.3
per cent over last year. Breeding
ewes, 9,879,101. a decrease of L2 per
cent from last year. Yearlings, 5.459.-
889. Under one year, 10,300,807. Total
sheep. 25,639.797, a loss of .5 per cent
from last year. Breeding sows, 380,
880; other pigs, 2.296,659; total of
swine, 2,686,539, a gain over the pre
vious year ot 16.8 per cent So dur
ing the 12 months preceding the re
port Great Britain gained In horses,
cattle and swine, but lost in number
of sheep.
The yards, sheds and barns In
which the young dairy stock are kept
should be so situated that the water
will readily drain away, that sunlight
will find an abundant entrance, and if
possible so that cold winds of the
north and northwest will not reach
them.
Mangels
ytquir nitrogenous ma
cures.
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Iowa's Apples
There is going oh in Iowa a steady
development of the apple growing u
austry. An indication of the rapid in
crease of this branch of horticultural
activity is seen m the two last census
reports by the national government
.la 1890 the number of apple trees re
ported was 3,140,588. In ten years
the number of trees doubled in num
ber, the 1900 census showing 6,869,
588. It is noted that the great bulk
of these, trees ate in the southwest
portion of the state. Moreover, the
orchard plantings follow the courses
of the rivers and most of them are
found along the banks of the rivers.
The quality of the apples produced is
very good, In fact, far better than in
some Btates more advantageously situ
ated for the growing of fruit The
cause of the orchards being 'found
largely along the streams is probably
that there Is a less distinctively prai
rie soil! On some farms in the locali
ties mentioned the apple crop is the
great money maker.
Unfortunately for the easy handling
of this crop, most of the varieties
grown are summer or fall keepers.
Late-keeping winterapples are Hot ex
tensively grown, as the apples of that
character that grow well in Iowa are
rather inferior in site' and quality,
while the trees lack productiveness.
The Ben Davis does not reach its best
development In most of the localities
in the state where apples are largely
grown. Some foreign varieties of fair
quality have been introduced, and the
trees that produce them are hardy,
but tho fruit seldom keeps longer than
the middle of December, under ordi
nary farm conditions.
As a result of these conditions the
Iowa apple orchardists are earnestly
considering the cold storage of their
fruit, and some experiments have al
ready been made along that lice. Last
winter the Horticultural Department
I of the Iowa Experiment Station stored
several lots of apples in a Des Moines
cold storage warehouse. A self-registering
thermometer was kept In the
storage room from November till April
15. The temperature varied from 27
to 37. Fifteen barrels of apples were
placed in this cold storage plant Sep
tember 20, and consisted of Wealthy,
Fameuse (Snow), Wolf River and Mc
Mahon's White. On October 27 seventy-two
barrels more were added,
these consisting of Jonathans. Do
mines, Seek-No-Furthers, Ben Davis,
Willow Twigs, Janets, Red Romanites,
Roman Stems, Northern Spys and
White Pippins.
As it was desired to learn the keep
ing quality, some, from each variety
were taken out each month, beginning
January 14. On that date the percent
age of decayed fruit in each variety
was: Wealthy 3:. McMahon White
El, Fameuse 4, Wolf River 13, Jona
than 9, Domine 3, Seek-No-Further 10,
Ben Davis less than 1, Janet 3, Roman
Stem 12, Northern Spy 11, White Pip
pin 7. Note the large loss with the
McMahons, which were taken out of
storage altogether.
On February 14 the percentages of
decayed fruit were: Wealthy 4, Fa
meuse 1. Wolf River 36, Seek-No-Further
48, Jonathan 23, Ben Davis 8,
Janet 12. Romanlte 4, Willow Twig 6,
White Pippin 30, Roman Stem 16.
Domine 7. Note the large percentages
of loss with Wolf River, Seek-No-Further
and White Pippin.
' On March 14 examination showed
the following losses: Wealthy 15, Fa
meuse 12, Ben Davis 11, Domine 16,
Janet 8, Romanite 3, Roman Stem 41,
Pewaukee 56, Willow Twig 6, White
Pippin 36.
On April 14 the percentages ct de
cayed fruit were: Domine 14, Ben
Davis 18, Willow Twig 19, Jonathan
23, Seek-No-Further 57. Romanite 24.
Domine, Ben Davis and Willow Twig
were thus shown to be the best keep
ers of the salable varieties. Janet and
Romanite are even better keepers,
but tbey are too small to store com
mercially. The Pewaukees were put
in by mistake, but were found half de
cayed at the March examination. The
White Pippins did not stand storing
well, and "went down" quickly when
taken out. The results with the
Wealthy and Snow were most gratify
ing, as they show that those apples
can be kept well till midwinter, when
they sell readily.
Crabapple Trees.
The best culture methods for this
group of fruit is not unlike that re
quired by our common varieties of
apple, says a report of the Virginia
station. They are not as vigorous in
growth, and will therefore need less
pruning, and may be planted much
closer together than the common ap
ple; 20 to 25 feet apart each way is a
good distance for the trees. Those
varieties which belong to the Siberian
group, such as Red Siberian and Lake
Yellow, are upright in habit and are
slower growers than those of the hy
brid type, and therefore may be plant
ed even closer than above directed.
The crab-apple requires cultivation
and systematic spraying, the same as
other apples.
Some Products of Corn.
The corn kernel is every year com
ing into greater demand as a source
of various commercial product of im
portance. Among some of these prod
ucts are dextine, confectioner's starch,
American gum, glucose, laundry
starch, corn oil, corn sugar and rub
ber. The rubber is used as an adul
terant of India rubber, and the corn
sugar Is used as an adulterant of pow
dered sugar. Corn sugar has only
about two-thirds the sweetness of
cane sugar and is used extensively by
brewers in the elaboration of beer.
Corn starch is changed into glucose
by having water added to it and beicg
heated In vacuum pans. The glucose
is in turn used as an adulterant of
most of our table syrups. Men are all
the time discovering new uses for the
corn plant, and the inevitable result
must be an ultimate higher price for
corn. In turn, this means a higher
price for corn land.
Export of Animal Products.
For the year ending June 30, 1903,
our export of animals and animal
products were valued as follows: Cat
tle (live), 129,848,936; hogs (live),
140.923; horses, 13452,159; muies.
1521.725; sheep (live), 11.067,860;
fowls, etc., 1149,590; butter, 11.604.
32f; cheese, $2,250,229; milk, 921,
026; eggs, $325,571; oleo oil, $11,981,
888: beef, $36,847,106; tallow, $1,623.
852; pork, $61,256,098; lard, $54,462
046;awool, $71,818; total, $206,125,154.
Women love men and dogs, not
women and cats. New York Times.
Preparing Fowls fer Market.
A great many farmers send their
fowls to market dressed, and when
this Is done care should be taken that
they are in the best possible condi
tion before leaving the farm. A great
deal depends on looks, and the buyer
is willing to pay extra for ah extra
appearance. The common man likes'
"'"""I'ainuV'"
'""tMnVb-T
'ut l-Arrangement ot Shaping Boards,
to take home a nice looking fowl
rather than an inferior looking one,
though the latter may be just as
good. A few general principles must
be observed in the dressing and
preparation of poultry for market
Fowls should be given no food for
Ulrty-six hours before being killed.
This will give time for the intestines
to become empty. If the food Is left
In and the birds are packed that way
the food may decompose and taint the
flesh before it is consumed, 'as this
partially djgested food decays very
quickly. With market fowls the heads
Cut 2 Fowl In Place on Shaping Board
are not cut off, but the birds are
killed by being bled to death through
an incision in the top of the mouth,
or by twisting the neck, causing dis
location. In this way the birds are
not bled and the flesh Is said to keep
longer and is considered to be better
in flavor. The birds are plucked as
coon as killed, a few feathers being
left on the neck nearest the head. We
reproduce here a number of cuts to
show how the work is done at the On
tario Experiment Station. The dress
ing and packing of fowls has at that
station been reduced to a science.
Cut 3 Chickens Packed for Fancy Trade.
After the killing and plucking, the
birds, while still warm, are placed
on what tbey call shaping boards, as
shown in our first cut A sectional
view of the bird and shaping board Is
shown In our second cut A weight is
placed on top of the chicken to give
it a compact appearance. The weight
in the cut is of iron, but a brick would
do as well. Hanging the chickens by
the legs after plucking spoils their
appearance, as it makes them look
thin.
All experienced packers caution
against packing chickens before thor
oughly cold. The birds should be left
in the shaping boards for at least
twelve hours before being put into
boxes or barrels. On this point Mr.
W. R. Graham, of the Ontario Agri
cultural College, says:
"Our box is lined with parchment
paper, and if the birds are to be
shipped a long distance each bird is
wrapped in paper. This prevents the
chickens from bruising each other,
and, at the same time, to a consider
able extent checks decomposition. Do
not use ordinary wrapping paper, as
it draws dampness and will cause the
chickens to become clammy, which
makes them more or less unsalable.
There are several kinds of boxes used
in shipping poultry. Nearly every ex
porter has his own style of box and
his own method of packing. For ship
ping locally we use a box three feet
long, twelve Inches wide and twelve
inches deep. The box will hold thirty
six four and a half pound chickens.
Do-not use cedar in the construction
of boxes, as in some cases it taints
the flesh. Basswood or spruce an
swers well."
In our third cut is shown the box
referred to as in use at Guelph. Far
mers' Review.
Muscovy Ducks.
From Farmers' Review: As I am
a breeder of Muscovy ducks, my ex
perience' in shipping has been limited
to that breed and there is quite a
demand for them, as they prevent
fowls from having cholera. I have
shipped to a good many different
states, New York and New Jersey
among others. I think it best to
ship them in coops with the slots
close enough together to prevent the
ducks from getting their heads be
tween the slats. If they do not suc
ceed in getting their heads out they
will not try so bard to get out and
so will not pull their toe nails off
nor break their feathers in shipping.
For a pair I use a cracker box with
plenty of air holes, and find It to be
about as good as anything one can
use. A box of any description is
warm in summer and it will not be
necessary to put in a cup of water, as
Muscovey ducks are more of a dry
land fowl .than of water. They like
water to wash in, but do not stay in
water like other ducks. T. J. Denny,
Barton County, Missouri.
Try Some Roots.
Many farmers are feeding some
roots to their poultry in -winter. About
everything in this line has been tried
and most things with success. Beets
are split and the fowls are allowed
to pick at them at their leisure. Car
rots are equally serviceable, and the
fowls seem to like them better than
they do beets. Only a few should be
fed at a time, as fresh ones are more
likely to be eaten than old ones.
While the Hamburg Is not looked
upon as a profitable table fowl on ac
count of small size, it must bo re
membered that the bones -are rela
tively smaller tbac In 'most breeds,
thus giving a large proportion of
flesh.
ft
- ?KmiW!
ill Jf
NEWS IN
CAtTLi DIE FROM CORN STALK.
Farmers In Clay. Adams and lutler
Experience Heavy Lasses.
HASTINGS Reports from Clay
and Adams counties say that quite a
number of the farmers have experi
enced cattle losses from corn stalk
disease and considerable apprehen
sion is felt by cattle owners about al
lowing cattle to forage upon ihc corn
stalk lands.
LlNWdOD The corn sialic disease
has broken out in this section. One
farmer lost fifteen head in. a few
hoUrs. others from one to three. Most
of the farmers were very conservative
about letting their cattle run in the
stalks, only letting them in for a few
hours each day. but this plan did
not prevent the breaking out of the
disease this year, as it has in the
past. If no remedy can be found the
farmer will suffer severely, as most
of them depend on the stalks for their
rough feed.
SOY KILLED BY FAST MAIL.
Was Standing on Track and Did Net
Notice Approach of Traill.
GRAND ISLAND Gussie Burnett,
the 7-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. E.
R. Burnett, was struck by the east
bound fast mail and instantly killed.
He and a brother and two other lads
were on their way to the stock yards
and were going along the track. A
freight was pulling out for the west.
The boys were throwing pebbles at
the cars. None of them saw the fast
mail approaching from the west.
The engineer of the mail train did
not see the lads until close upon them,
owing to the steam escaping from
the freight engine. When ho had
passed this engine he saw the boy
but a fe wrods ahead. He whistled,
but a few rods ahead. He whistled,
of the engine struck him and hurled
htm to the next track south. He was
Instantly killed.
NEW NEBRASKA SILVER MINES.
Columbus Firm Gives This Name to a
Breed of Chickens.
COLUMBUS The Platte County
Poultry and Pet Stock association
closed a five days meeting here. The
exhibits were the best ever seen here.
The birds came from many parts of
the state. L. P. Harris of Clay Cen
ter was judge of the exhibits and an
nounced the awards. A distinct new
breed of chickens was on exhibition
for the first time. They are caileJ
the "Nebraska Silver Mines" and
were bred by Swartsley & Son of this
city by crossing two standard breeds.
They are especially recommended for
their laying qualities. W. T. Ernst
also had a very large exhibit of pig
eons, over twenty varieties being rep
roieatcl. Governor Will Not Tell.
LINCOLN "I will say no more."
This was the statement of Governor
Mickey when asked if he would dis
close the names of the men whom
he said attempted to bribe him some
time ago, as recently demanded by
the press. The governor stated that
l'c had explained fully at the time of
the discussion, and thought further
comment on the subject entirely use
less. Women Want Smoot Ousted.
PLATTSMOUTH At a meeting of
the Plattsmouth Ladies Aid society
of the Presbyterian church a resolu
tion was adopted requesting the Uni
ted States senate to investigate the
charges made and filed against Sen
ator Reed Smoot of Utah, and if it be
found that he is a polygamist. asking
that he be expelled from the senate.
Spickler Starts Contest
HUMBOLDT A contest case has
been filed in the county court by J.
W. Spickler, present supervisor from
the second district in this county,
who on the face of the returns was
defeated for re-election by W. J. Mc
Cray by a margin of four votes. Spick
ler alleges votes cast for him were
thrown out.
Says Hs Bought Goods.
HARVARD E. L. Ferguson, the
young man from Kansas arrested in
Kearney, charged with burglarizing
Higgins' hardware store in this city
a couple of weeks ago. was brought
back in charge of Sheriff Smith. He
declares his innocence and claims that
he can prove he bought the goods
found in his possession.
Shotgun Exploded.
PLATTSMOUTH Albert Nyden
met with a peculiar accident while
hunting. He was in the act of shoot
ing at a rabbit when his shotgun sud
denly exploded a piece of the barrel
passing with terrific force so close to
his head as to carry his cap into the
air.
Gets Divorce by Default
FREMONT The divorce case ot
Mrs. M. Hoffman against Joseph Hoff
man, which it was expected would be
fought to a finish, came up in the dis
trict court here with a goodly number
of witne3ee3 present. The defendant
failed to shorn' up and his attorney, an
nouncing that he would do nothing
more in the case. left the court room.
Mrs. Hoffman was given a decree on
account of cruelty and the custody o
their two children. The parties live
at North Bend, in this county.
More Adulterated Vinegar.
LINCOLN Deputy Food Commis
sioner Thompson is still going after
the adulterated vinegar and recently
discovered in two samples he analyz
ed a quantity of benzoatc. used as a
preservative. This was found in vin
egar manufactured by W. B. Duffy of
Rochester. N. Y.. and was marked
"pure apple juice." This vinegar is
sold at wholesale in Lincoln by the
Hargrcavcs brothers, against whom
proceedings will be instituted unless
the vinegar is taken off the market
Railroad Pay Taxes.
PAPILLION The railroads enter
ing Sarpy county have just paid the
following taxes: Rock Island. $4,269;
Burlington. $6,804.26; Union Pacific.
$483.15. The Missouri Pacific has not
yet paid its tax, amounting to $3.
720.50. Diphtheria Epidemic at Decatur.
DECATUR Diphtheria in a dan-
eerous form has broken out in the city
and several families are now quarantined.
NEBRASKA
THE STATE IN MIC.
Cass county rural mail carriers have
effected an organisation.
A number of cases of diphtheria aro
reported at Columbus.
A new Methodist church, costing
$15,000, has just been dedicated ia
Lyons.
G. H. England of Essex. Ia.. has pur
chased the interest of George Selfert
in the Morton hotel In Nebraska City.
Seventeen organizations, having
members ia all parts of Nebraska, will
meet in Lincoln during the first week
in January.
Sneak thieves broke into the har
ness store of J. B. Wingert at Pender
and carried away ten fur overcoats
valued at $200.
A new Congregational church build
ing, costing $3,00. was dedicated at
Aiasworth. free of Incumbrance. Rev.
Harmon Brass of Lincoln delivered the
sermon.
As Supervisor A. A. Jones of Butler
county was assisting in grinding corn
for his cattle one of his hands wan
caught in the grinder and mashed into
jelly dp to the wrist.
Anuy Brust of Nebraska City, a cir
cular saw operator, was caught in the
belt running to the engine and drag
ged into the saw. Both hands were
badly torn and his forearm split openi
The injuries will probably make him a'
nripple for life. ' ,
C. L. Reed, a young man living at
Holmeaville. Gage county, shucked 156
bushels and fifty pounds of corn in
nine hours and forty-five minutes. Tho
corn was weighed and the amount was
correct, as was the time in which the
work was performed.
Three runaway Indian students from
Haskell Institute. Lawrence. Kan..
were captured at Decatur and return-.
ed to the school. An onlcer met then
at Tekamah and acted as escort. They
had been roughing it for two months'
and seem to be glsd they were caught.'
At Fort Calhoun little Freddie Clau
sen met with an accident which re
suited In uis death. He pulled a pot1
full of hot coffee over on himself. Ho
was so badly scalded that when his'
clothing was removed the flesh cam?
off with it. Freddie was about 3
years oid.
Neb briefs att onh feg.
The Burwell school district has just
completed an eight-room brick veneer
school house at a cost of $10,000. ami
the people to the number of 500 turned
out to a public dedication and banquet.
State Superintendent Fowler made the
address.
North Saunders county claims to
have the champion corn husker in tho
person of Frank Yanney. a young man
who works for Frank Miller. He
drove his own team to a field, husked
fifty bushels of corn and returned to
the crib in 3 hours and 45 minutes.
James Achesoa and James Cnlwcif.
two Lancaster county farmers, have
sued Thomas Dee, a neighbor, for $S.
000. They allege that Dee had them'
arrested on a charge of stealing corn,
greatly damaging their reputation am?
standing in the community. After
their arrest they were dismissed.
Fred riahn. formerly a railroad de
tective, sentenced to life imprison'
ment for the murder of Ranchman
Lutz. has appealed his case to the
supreme court. The transcript wa
filed witn the clerk last week. The'
revolver and a diagram of the room
form a part of the evidence iu the
case.
Herbert I Crosier died at St. Mary's
hospital in Columbus. He was 21
years old. and was a young farmer
living in Walker township. Whifc en
gaged in shelling corn his right ham?
was in some manner caught in tfio
sheiler. and before it could be extri
cated his entire arm was ground oT
to th shoulder
William C. Griffith, a pfoneer Lin
coln county business man. a veteran
of the civil war and a prosperous
stockman, was found dead in his h
at his home near Arbor. The fnrcmiit
a, the farm entered the room to calT
Mr. Griffith and was surprised to find
that he had dipd during the. night.
Three burglaries were pcrpolrat'MT
at Newcastle, the most important '
ing the cracking of the safe in th
postofllcp and the theft of $225 in c-aslt
and a number of money order blank.
The other places entered were Dough
erty's saloon and Mounsey's saloon."
where small hauls were made. Thoin?Ir
explosives were used in blowing th
postofflce safe, no one in the town
heard the re-iort.
The supreme court has set aside thc
divorce John S. Hoover of Blue Hilf
obtained from Valencia Hoover more
than a year ago. When Hoover start
ed suit Mrs. Hoover was in Omaha.
While coming to the trial the train
was wrecked near Red Cloud, and the
defendant and her attorneys arrived
after the divorce had been granted.
The supreme court insisted that an
act of Providence caused the I-la-.
and the defendant is entitled to a hear
ing in court.
Sheriff Ben Jones of Pierce county
went out near the Wayne county Vine
and arrested Charles X. Anderson, s.
farmer living in Pierce county, who
is charged with cruelly beating his
wife.
Judge Thompson of Grand Island
will convene court in Richardson
county December 21. at which time he
wiit render his decision in the famous
Miles will case, wbic'i has been hang
ing fire In the courts for so long. The
decision involves the possession of
property mounting up into the milt
lions.
At an early hour in the morning the .
son of A. C Gearbart, living about one
half mile south of David City, discov
ered the body of a dead man neat
thetrack of the B. 6 M." railroad. He
immediately notified Coroner Sample.
who impaneled a jury and took charge
of the body, which was tnat of a
stranger. Upon examination a letter
written by the Durland Trust company
of Norfolk, Neb., and addressed to
George W. Norwood, Lynch. Neb., was
found. He bad probably been killed
by the cars.
George Ledoyt and G. E. Hager of
North Platte, while hunting east of
town, found the body of s man hang
ing to a tree on one of the islands
in the Platte river a short distance
from the railroad bridge. The coro
ner was immediately notified and the
remains were cut down and taken to
Warner's undertaking establishment."
In one of the pockets of the deceased
was found S132 in money ani a oass
from cmcago to san traacisro. From
this it was learned that his nnrao wn
Hansen snd that his home was Ia Ra
cine county. Wis.
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