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NEWS IN NEBRASKA
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THE STATE IN BRIEF.
Colonel Harris of Omaha is recom
mended for commander of the Sol
diers home at Grand Island.
( Preliminary steps have beea takea
toward the organization of a company
Whose object Is to pnt a new national
hank la Humboldt.
1 H. H. Tollis, a business man of Mc
Cool Janction. missed a roll of tails
mounting to $65. The money was
carried ia his watch pocket.
- At McCool Junction Charles Mark
..worth and Ed Galasha became in
volved la a heated political argument
'which brought on a flstlc encoanter.
b the Ight Markworth's an was bad
iry cat with a-knife.
; While land has been selling very
kigh la Saunders county the past year,
'a record breaker was made one day
last week, when Cbappel G. Haggard
sold eighty acres without improve
ments to John Dolezal for $8,000.
The monthly report of Superintend
ent Fulraer, which was read at the
ateetiag of the board of education at
Beatrice, showed the total enrollment
of pupils In the public schools ap tS
date to be 2,003. This is a gain of
nearly 300 over teat year.
Walter Whitcomb is lying at the
point of death at his borne Ave miles
nuthwest of Ravenna as the result
of a murderous attack, evidently
prompted by the motive of robbery,
while his assailant has fled to parts
unknown. The fugitive is a young
Arrangements are being perfected
by the city teachers for a series of
spelliag contests to be held in the
Wahoo schools this winter. A coun
ty contest will be held some time next
month, in which nearly every school
district in the county will be repre
sented. Mrs. Charles Depew, who shot Mrs.
Elmer Berry in the left leg at Fre
mont, claiming that the latter wa
too friendly with Mrs. Depew'a hus
baad, may not be prosecuted. It is
understood that all parties are anx
ious to drop the matter to avoid fur
ther notoriety.
Consul General Joseph Langer of
Wilber. who is visiting in Nebraska,
has been appointed a colonel on Gov
ernor Mickey's staff, which appoint
ment carries with It the right to wear
the dazzling uniform of the staff upon
every possible pretext and in any
nuarter of the globe.
Charles Bloedorn, a Platte county
boy by birth. Is home for a few days
at Columbus. He Is engaged in rais
lag rice and owns a large plantation
la Louisiana, 150 miles west of New
Orleans. He speaks well of the south
and says It offers many opportunities
for safe investments.
George F. Houseworth, who has held
the office of clerk of the district court
ia Cass county for eight years, filed
his resignation with the board of coun
ty commissioners, the same to take
effect on December 1. He will re
move to Seattle, Wash., and engage
la the 'real estate business.
State Food Commissioner Thompson
has decided to enforce the law which
prohibits the use of oleomargarine in
hotels and restaurants unless a sign
on the wall opposite each table in
forms the eating public that it is being
served with spurious butter. A hotel
keeper at Kearney was selected as the
first victim and was fined $25 and
costs, the minimum penalty.
The people of Papilllon beheld a
brilliant celestial phenomenon. A ball
of fire of quite large size appeared
high ia the sky to the northeast of
the town.
Governor Mickey Issued a statement
through his private secretary that A.
V. Cole, commandant of the Soldiers'
home at Grand Island, had resigned
because of the 111 health of his wife.
There was no friction at all between
us," said the- governor. "Mrs. Cole
was ia ill health and Mr. Cole decided
that a change of climate would do her
good, aad that is the reason he re
signed." A smooth appeariag, well dressed
man giving his name as Walter Dress
er surrendered himself to Sheriff
Bauman of Dodge county and told him
that he was an escaped convict from
the Iowa penitentiary at Anamosa and
had two more years to serve of a five
year sentence for criminal assault
He said he had become tired of evad
ing officers and wanted to go bock
aad finish his time. The Iowa author
ities were notified of the case.
The case of Minerva Wilkins vs.
William Wilkins was settled in the
county court at York. The defendant
was held on two counts. One was for
abandonment of his wife and one for
ahaadoalag his child, aged eight
years. Wilkins married a widow
wKh seven children some time ago
aad from the evidence the family was
too large for him to support, and he
left them to get along aa best they
could. He was bound over to tie dis
trict court for abandoning his own
child.
John WUHS of Litcoln. foreman of
a.Burtiagtoa car repairing gang,
severely injured at Gretna. He
under a car, when In some
er the Jack slipped out aad the
fen upon Willis, badly cruahina
ate arms aad otherwise injuring him.
. An epidemic of mumps is ragtag
thsaghout the western aad southera
part of Sarpy county. Maay children
ate flown' with the disease, materially
reducing the attendance at the coun
try schools. Old persons also are af
ffteted, some being dangerously m.
While Mart Melia was hunting on
the Island weal of Gretna he shot a
mammnth eagle. The bird was gray
in color and measured seven feet one
sack.-ami a quarter from tip to, tip.
Parties reefdtag In that vicinity any
.there are several more of the same
.'variety. It is the intention to have
.the eagle stuffed and mounted,
j The postoalce aa!e at Danaebrog
wa dynamited at aa early hoar In the
the burglars
$ llamhhi eaaa aad Jewelry which ami
r Wa haSt ta ttm salt t ettliist.
NEBRASKA,
Return Received from Practically All
-the Counties in the State.
Complete returns, many of them of
ficial, have beea received from seventy-nine
of the ninety counties In the
state, as follows:
1993 ISM
8ulU- HoW
' .j Barnes, van. Bed- len
County. Rep. Fus. wick. beck.
Adams 1647 1656 1629 191
Antelope .....
Banner
jyiBinc
zSOjTQ
jtsooue
Brown
SalTaUo
Burt
Butler
Vln
vrTJaT
D"aTy
Cheyenne
VefcX
Colfax
.. 13S7
.. 117
.. 1OT
.. KB
.. 184
1075
C5
75
724
1116
292
1599
813
1778
1923
1344
421
420
1685
1113
1378
1S56
6S2
479
1196
234
1984
S875
231
1472
955
619
1019
1729
216
441
184
813
13S8
1C21
1297
772
231
423
1083
1046
93
934
201
294
1212
146
91
671
1277
292
1782
1412
1435
2269
1227
637
637
1708
848
1136
1895
681
534
1173
Ml
ITU
9554
289
mi
859
662
1132
2188
2sl
288
80
490
1557
1395
1323
797
297
399
876
1595
1312
952
225
311
129
1311
5055
153
1640
990
912
15S6
1273
2133
1391
175
1056
753
1011
992
968
2215
435
684
1925
1891
262
1657
419
154
637
1550
70S
1376
974
1227
2069
5
53
586
1107
903
1479
794
1744
1854
1269
432
432
1432
1153
1261
17T9
062
4TB
1151
233
2192
7688
269
1602
931
596
999
1891
213
it
45
779
1165
15f
1226'
786
208
361
1094
.. 1TO
. 1431
. 1293
. 2225
.1150
. 635
. SSt
. 1569
. 811
.1196
. 1910
. aa
. 599
.1196
. m
.183
. 8678
. 396
.1606
. S79
. 712
Uolllaj
JJcUCOtjJL
aaWC8
Douglas
AUIrQJr
Tlllmor
Franklin ........
Froatier .........
Furnas
a
1026
UaffJO
2996
... 256
... 413
... 155
... 519
... 1783
... 1345
... 1336
... 819
.. 272
TW
.. 831
... 1497
... 1153
... SOB
... 227
... 366
... 105
... 276
... 4S93
... 168
... 1786
... 873
... 640
... 1508
... 1250
... 1973
...1284
... 155
.. 823
.. 934
.. 845
.. 1010
..2122
Oarfleld
Gosper
Grtnt
Greeley ......
Holt
HamlltOtt ....
Harlsin
Jn Ayes
Hitchcock ...
Howard
Jefferson ....
Johnson .....
Kearney
aveitn
Keya Paha ..
Kimball
"Knox
Lancaster ....
IiOUp .
Madison
Merrick
Nance .........
Nemaha
1174
93V
23
1139
2774
124
1425
834
679
1167
1132
1616
721
184
764
791
1966
1091
655
3909
256
788
2125
1577
209
1589
630
149
678
1080
593
1087
804
847
1526
1
J3
1274
ITS
86ft
Nuckolls .....
Otoe
Pawnee .......
Perkins
Phelps .
Pierce ......
Platte
Polk
Red Willow .
Richardson ..
81!
740
112
67?
atj
80.
3Q0q
168
24a
1561
538.
5
654
1171
396
1080
824
1102
1565
aVOCK ttH
Sarpy 689
Saunders 2000
Saline 1789
Scott's Bluff 381
Seward ............. 1642
Sherman 518
Sioux 147
Stanton
Thayer
Thurston ...
Washington
Wayne
Webster ....
York
623
1413
553
1303
1011
1031
2913
Totals 90871
Plurality.
82692 94161 83463
Fancy Price for Bank Stock.
BEATRICE A number of the old
local stockholders of the First Na
tional bank of this city and other Be
atrice parties have succeeded in pur-!
chasing a large amount of stock lu
the institution owned by non-resident-stockholders,
the price paid, it is said,'
being; $150 per share, or SO per cent
more than the par value of the stock.
New Band for Humboldt.
HUMBOLDT Steps -have been tak
en toward reorganizing; tho Humboldt
city band,- which has been In dor
mant condition for some time. Arf
Smith, a local musician, has takea
hold of the matter and will act aa
Instructor to the new members.
Ui
Husks 125 Acres of Corn.
PLATTSMOUTH Tay Richards, a'
Cass county farmer, has husked 125;
acres of corn and finds, as compared
with last year's crop. It will yield just!
two-thirds as many bushels per acre.
He has about 300 acres.
Large Boiler at the Asylum.
HASTINGS One of the largest boll-.
era ever used In this state was brought?
to the asylum for the chronic Insana'
in this city and set In position. The
boiler weighs over 47.000 pounds.
Candidates for Cole's Place.
The old soldiers are on the march
again, this time to land the position
of commandant of the Grand Island
home, made vacant by the resignation
of A. V. Cole. Among those whose
names have been placed In the hopper
are: A. Tharp of Grand Island, J. W.
Bowen, present adjutant general of the
home; J. B. Conway of York, Colone?
C. L. Harris of Omaha, James Wall
ing of Lincoln and J. H: Davis of Sta
plehurst. TF-
Handle Gun Carelessly.
EDGAR Charles Taylor, 17 year
of age, residing three miles west of
Edgar, wa accidentally killed while
hunting ducks in company 'with two
other young mea. Taylor's gaa lay la
the bottom of the boat and he tried to'
draw it toward him by tie muzzle.'
Both barrels were discharged . One'
catered his left arm, the other charge
eaterlag the chest. His companion
took him home, but he died an hour
after the accident
Meet Death After a Spree
RU8HVILLE Cart Fisher, a farm
er, left Rushville to drive home In a
wagoa. Next day he wa discovered
ia Rash Creek, Ive mile sooth of
Rushville. The wagea had upset and
the team was drowned aad hi lifeless
body lay underneath the wagoa' box.
Aa lDuet wa held by Sheria! Hem
aad a veaaict of "ait death wail ta
a atQxJcAttmVa retaraii
DETAILED VOTE
UVEIEbMINS
m
wtmztl
Pax' Americana.
We love to stag of the old Kearsarge.
- Ana the famous fighting crew: m
How they woa the day on the Moody
deck,
ilehlrt
deck. v
While h&rh above the ssllatesed wreck
The brave eld ensign :
M a ' . .
new.
Bat what of the race of the
aew Kear-
atrge?
Kf lesser laurels these .
& never a check, through billow aad
foam,
Her siteiy firemen drive her home
Peace-keeper of the seas.
Didn't Know the Company.
"Some men," said the captain, "re
sember the Incidents of the battle and
forget the anecdotes of their associ
ates. Others remember the anecdotes
and forget the battle incidents, but
Judge J. 8. Anderson of the Fifth Wis
consin remembers incidents and anec
dotes. Some of his stories, at our
regimental reunions, are worth re
peatlag. Speaking of Gen. Hancock,
reminded him of Hugh O'Nell, of ready
wit Hugh was coming into camp with
haversack, and arms full of sweet po
tatoes and garden vegetables, and, in
sneaking past Hancock's headquarters,
was confronted by Hancock himself.
The general asked Hugh where he
got the vegetables, and pressed the
question in such a way that Hugh be
came rattled, and, in answer to the per
emptory 'Where did you get them, sir?'
stammered: 'I drawed them There
upon Hancock thundered: 'Don't an
swer me that way. sir. There has not
been a vegetable ration issued to this
command for a month. How did you
draw them?' Hugh was himself again,
and answered, meekly: 'Wliy. by their
tops, General.' He was permitted to
go his way.
"This story was probably common
property in the army of the Potomac,
but I had forgotten It and Anderson
had remembered it Here is another,
pertaining to an adventure of Ander
son himself. After the battle of Gettys
burg, In pursuit of Lee, troops were
sent over South Itauntain. A storm
came on and it was very dangerous
marching In the darkest kind of dark
ness and among precipices and gullies.
Late at night the column was halted
simply because it could not go for
ward, and the tired men dropped down
along the roadside and under the trees,
too tired, most of them, to take cog
nizance of the heavy rain that was
falling.
"Anderson noticed a little distance
in front a good-sized fire with a log
before it on which were seated two or
three figures with rubber ponchos over
their heads and with their feet to the
nre. He went toward the-fire and the
men on the log sat like statues, the
rain beating on the rubber blankets.
Not one of them made a movement to
Indicate that he was alive. Anderson
asked if he might make coffee at the
fire, and one of the men, without turn
ing his head, said 'yes.'
"Soon after an artilleryman came
up to make coffee and he proceeded to
make it without asking permission. He
was la a state ot mind over the diffi
culty his company had met with in
bringing forwara the guns, and he
swore at all uie officers from Gen.
Meade down, for bringing men into
such a place, and pronounced them all
thick-headed blunderers. In the midst
of the tirade, one of the men on the
log threw back his poncho, and Gen.
itussell In command of the division
said. 'Orderly, take that fellow out and
tie him up by the thumbs until he
cools off.'
"The artilleryman was thunder
struck. Anderson looked for the Im
mediate arrest of the swearer. Just
then the poncho of the other silent fig
ure was thrown back, and Gen. Sedg
wick, commanding the corps, said, 'Oh,
pooh, Russell, let the man alone. I
don't know but what he is more than
half right anyway.' The artilleryman
made his coffee, but he was very quiet
aoout it end when he returned to his
battery he explained that he had had
a very interesting conference with the
General commanding the corps, and
the General commanains the division,
and that the corps commander agreed
witn him as to the movement over the
mountains.' Chicago Inter Ocean.
Old Soldier's Severest Wound.
"I got my worst hurt" said a cor
poral, "at West Point Ky. We had
been marching on half rations and
sinkers for nearly a month in Septem
ber. 1862. and were worn out ragged,
and starved, when one afternoon a
glorious vision burst upon us. Com
ing out of a stretch of woodland we
looked across a grassy plain where
were piled as high as houses all the
articles in the soldier's menu. Here
were great stacks of hams, there other
stacks of shoulders and bacos. Just
beyond were boxes of crackers corded
into solid masses twenty feet high,
and spreading out into lines like great
fortifications, and still beyond the Ohio
river, wherein Gen. Bragg had said he
would water his horse.
"This was the scene that met the
eyes of Buell's hungry men as they
came, without warning, upon it There
had been great depression among us
that day, because we felt that we must
fight Bragg on empty stomachs. But
somebody had planned better than we
thought possible, and here was plenty;
Officers and men were hilarious at
once. Even the dignified Gen. William
Sooy Smith, then commanding
our division, rode down to us at a gal
lop to assure us there was plenty for
nil aad invite us to help ourselves. We
could scarcely believe our eyes or
ears, but there right before us was
such an abundance of army fare as
we had never seen before.
"Hams, In the army, were reserved
for officers, and it seemed incredible
that Gen. Smith could be inviting us
to help ourselves from that pile. But
as the thousands of men marched up
in order and filled their haversacks
with the toothsome hard tack, the
more toothsome because of the mem
ory of siaker. or flapjacks, our regi
ment passed the pile of hams, and one
laring private thrust his bayonet into
one of the largest and carried it off
it a right shoulder shift Another did
ihe same and another, and there sat
3en. Smith on his horse smiling In
dulgently, if not approviagly. So it
:ame about that maay of us ate more
:aaa was good for us. I was sick a
a horse, aad my stomach has never
een right since. I have always in
fisted that I was hurt worse at West
Point than I was at Stone River, where
i bullet went through my right arm."
-Little Mac" at Antletam.
The. New York Time of a recent
date contained the following ooauau-
Wa Geo. Geora B. McftWaa ia
& & .& .& - ...
at AaoetoaiT a bet e -
I pends on the answer. A certain para-
I doxologist matataim that h was not
I ti-t. , wv-. ... n-.t?t.I
J that Gen. Hooker was. Possibly
i in some aulbnllaw aor
I in anma nalhhllmv mrar mw "-
I ... w . 7T, ... - Z JTTT
may be a sort of nlawnbM foundation
for this extraordlaary eoatradlction
of what most people consider a thor
oughly established historical fact I
believe, that Gea. McClellaa himself
complained of his undefined status
aad that had he failed hi very life
might havo beea ia danger on a
charge of treason.
As I understand it when most of
the Army of the Potomac was de
tailed to report to Pope, the. Fifth
corps alone being in time to reach
him before the disaster of the second
Bull Rueand McClellaa was left la
the air, aa It were, the frightful rout
under the man who dated his letters
from "headquarters in the saddle."
compelled. McClellan's enemies fat
Washington to turn to him for rescue,
and he was officially placed In charge
of the defenses of Washington. When
Lee Invaded Maryland, McClellaa' de
fended Washington by getting after
him hotfoot hotfoot, literally, for the
infantry were barefoot, or next to it
at Antletam nd reorganized the
Army of the Potomac (which he had
originally organized) on the march,
aad put the spirit In them which drove
Lee from South Mountain and back
into Virginia. When he rode past
our marching columns in the early
morning of Sept 14, 2862, the cheer
ing rolled for miles along his route.
The picture In the aldermanlc com
mittee room in the city' hall Is really
a good representation of him as he
then rode past us, halting here aad
there for a few cheery words. Wheth
er he was de jure commander or not
he assuredly was de facto, and was
subsequently officially accepted as
such de Jure. His orders were taken.
He fought South Mountain and Antle
tam. His reports as commander were
received and are part of the national
archives, and have beea so published
under congressional authority.
Hooker was a corps commander
and fought like a La Tour d'Auvergne,
as he always did, but fn command?
How could he be, with seniors unre
lieved on the field 7 A further state
ment that Hooker did all the fighting
Is almost too ridiculous to notice. As
a matter of fact the heaviest sufferers
and the most successful fighters, who
drove the enemy two miles, were the
men of Sumner's Second corps.
W. L. D. O'GRADT,
Captain late Eighty-eighth New York
(Meagher's Irish Brigade).
Lincoln and the Private.
"Down at Springfield, Ohio, two or
three weeks ago," said the Captain, "I
heard a new story of Lincoln. This
was at the reunion of the One Hun
dred and Tenth Ohio, which went Into
the service with J. Warren Keifer as
Colonel. Among those present was
Samuel Frank, who was the long
armed man of the regiment His arms
were so much longer than those of
other men that the blouses made in
army sizes were all too short in the
sleeve. Frank complained to his com
pany officers and the quartermaster
aoout the blouse sleeves that came
only a little below his elbow, but was
laughed at, and was advised by the
boys to saw off his arms.
"Finally Frank, In desperation, wrote
to President Lincoln, stating his case,
with a good deal of emphasis, and ask
ing the President if he couldn't order
proper blouses or long-armed men.
He marked this confidential, and sent
it on to Washington. In a few days a
letter came from the President to the
proper officers, dlrecung them to pro
vide Samuel Frank with a proper-fitting
blouse. If this could not be done
In the field, the officers were Instruct
ed to send Frank's measure to the
quartermaster's department at Wash
ington, where a blouse to fit the long
arms would be made. The blouse
was made, and was worn through
months of hard service. Lincoln's or
der was given to Frank, and he has
kept it as the most precious of his war
relics. After that order Sam was nev
er ashamed of his long arms, but was
proud of them."
Boy Fought in the War.
Pension Commissioner Ware said re
cently, in speaking of the civil war,
that the army of that great struggle
was 'composed chiefly of young men.
This was known in a general way, of
course, but we doubt If many have a
definite knowledge of just how young
the boys were who fought in that war.
P. H. Cooney of Topeka eends the fol
lowing as taken from the official rec
ords of the adjutant general's depart
ment at Washington, the figures being
of the enlisted men In the army of the
north:
Those 10 years and under. ... 25
Those 11 years and under.... 38
Those 12 years and under. ... 225
Those IS years and under. . . . 200
Those 14 years and under. . . . 1,521
Those 15 years and under. . . . 104,987
Those 16 years and under. . . . 231,051
Those 17 years and under. . . . 844,891
Those 18 years and under. .. .1,151.438
Those 21 years and under. . . .2459,798
Those 22 years aad over 618511
Those 25 years and over. . . . f 46,626
Those 44 years and over 16,071
Total men enlisted. 2,778,304
At the present time, upon the same
basis, there are in the United States
subject to service -10,343,152 soldiers.
Kansas City Journal.
He Wa Hurried. -"Speaking
of naming back in the
face of the enemy." said Major E. S
Weeden, "reminds me of an incident
at Perryville. I was an outpost picket
with a few men, among whom was a
nervors Irishman. We knew the en
my waa close to us, and as we could
bear voices In front I urged the ne
cessity on the men of being wide
awake aad quiet There was a heavy
fog and we could see nothing In trout
but we could hear the voices. At last
the fog lifted., and not forty feet away
was rebel regiment in lire ready tc
advance. I turned aad with others
ran lato the brush to our rear aad
made my way to the. reserve.
"Pat however, Instead of running
Into -the brush raa straight down the
rebel line. The rebels, stand witt
guns nt a ready, blazed away, firing a
hundred shots at aim aa he ran. Pat
was not hit and came Into our lines s
little later, out of breath 'but good at
new. I asked him way ha dMat jumz
lato the brash, aad he replied: TaRh
I dida have totme to aotJee theri
Us
ry.'
RSVaiH .XSm- " ' Cam
mas jStaMsj aa a
Orchard Subaell.
Prof. B. W. HHgard, Director of the
Califoraia Experiment station, ta ala
hut aaaaal reaort aays:
w person outside ot the experi
tMat station can have an Men of th
exteat to which the plantiag ot or
chards oa shallow soils underlaid by
hnrdpan or heavy day ha caused
caalary loos, often almost ruin, to old
timer as well -as to aewcomer to
the state. Every few days there com
to as at Berkeley letters transmitting
amples of tree-branches having the
"dieack," aad asking about the
mean of relief. We might usefully
teraotyp the first latter la reply to
ch inquiries, briefly to the effect:
"Examine your 'subsoil!" Ia- nine
case oat of tea, it Is either hardnan,
or aa Impervious day substratum,
which deflects the roots sideways after
the second or third year, and of course
prevents a healthy, normal develop
ment toward the moist depths ot the
soil, where abundant plant-food awaits
them la all good orchard lands. More
rarely it la a layer of coarse sand, or
gravel, which prevents the rise of
moisture from below; sometimes it is
the rise of the bottom water, which
causes disease of the deeper roots,
sad also starves the tree. Almost In
variably the question la asked: "What
fertilizer must I apply to .remedy the
trouble?" Well, In most cases ao fer
tilizer of any kind will remedy the
difficulty; the existence of which
should have been ascertained before
planting the orchard, or better, be
fore buying the land at all. Even
In the East and la Europe, careful
farmers scrutinize the subsoil before
Investing. In the arid region this Is
tenfold more needful, because of the
critical Importance ot the subsoil,
overshadowing that of the surface soil,
as already explained. The Irrigator
who pays so dearly for his water Is
doubly laterested In it and ought al
ways to know how long it takes water
to soak to a certain depth In his land,
so aa to be sure that it does not run
off the surface of natural or artificial
hardnan, and flow to the neighbor be
low, instead of soaking down.
This seems to be such elementary
common sense that It is difficult to un
derstand how it is so widely neglected,
despite the warnings so emphatically
conveyed by experience, and published
by the experiment station for twenty
years past No farmer should be with
out that simple and cheap, though
murderous-looking implement the soil
prod, which is so readily used. It is a
steel rod three-sixteenths to one-fourth
inch square, well pointed at one end,
and provided at the other with a stout
ring for a wooden cross-handle, like a
common anger. Length from four to
five feet preferably the latter; cost,
seventy-five xents. This is forced into
the ground with a slight turning mo
tion back and forth, hanging to it at
first If one I of low stature. The
farmer will be surprised at the new
information .conveyed by this simple
process within the two or three min
utes it takes to make one sounding;
and If any doubt remains at some
point the common posthole auger may
be made to supplement the prod. But
with a little experience, the prod alone
will suffice to tell the farmer, by the
change In resistance, even how deep
the irrigation water has penetrated in
his land. And in many cases such
Information win astound him by its
unexpectedness and make him under
stand why certain trees in his orchard
have done so poorly, or so well.
However important is the presence
of the plant-food Ingredients in the
soil, 'the fundamentally needful point
is the proper physical condition, with
out which no amount of fertilization,
or natural productiveness. Is of any
avail. All understand the need of
moisture; but unless care is taken to
see that It gets where it will do the
most good, and that the roots can per
form their functions In the depths of
the soil, water, work, and fertilizers
may alike be wasted.
Water and Transplanted Trees.
The above subject has been dis
cussed at a good many horticultural
meetings and always develops a dif
ference of opinion. The old method
of putting In water when a dormant
tree waa put into the ground Is still
quite extensively followed, but certain
ly has no value except it be to pack
the dirt more tightly about the roots.
A dormant tree cannot certainly use
water through its roots for weeks, and
In the case of fall planting, for
months. The water sinks away and
dries up, but not a particle enters the
delicate root hairs, which have yet to
be developed by the action of sap In
the trees' and the elaboration of
growth material by the leaves that are
yet to open. A little water may, how
ever pack the dirt about the roots
more closely, and in that case it
should be put into the hole before all
the dirt is in: If put In after the dirt
has been all put back around the tree,
the water running down the roots may
create an empty place below the roots
which is always dangerous for the
newly planted tree. In fact it Is
claimed that such cavities frequently
cause the death of trees. .A tree or
plant transplanted In leaf will, of
course, need water to keep up the sup
ply of moisture being evaporated from
the leaves. For the same reasoa oa
a hot day it should have some protec
tion from the sun that evaporation
from the leaves may not be greater
than the amount of water that can be
taken in through the mutilated roots.'
Fer the San Jose Seal.
The lime, sulphur and. salt wash 1
Invariably used la California and much
of the Pacific Coast for the control of
4he San Jose Scale. Experienced or
chardlsts there have "used It for many
years aad have demonstrated that it
is, when properly made 'and applied,
a successful remedy tor this pest The
use of the wash ia the East has been
delayed because of the belief that It.
was not adapted to eastern climatic
conditions by reasoa of the uncertain
ty ot securing two or tfcee weeks of
dry weather following treatment. But
extensive esaeriments with this wash
during the past two years ia IHtaoli,
Georgia, New Jersey, New Jork and
Ohio clearly prove that the wash is aa
efficient remedy ia these states, even
when applied datiag what waa consid
ered etremly unfavorable weather.
In spit ot frequent heavy -ralas the
wash adhered weU to the trees. It
appears to be a very promising rem
edy for the 8aa Jose Scale and la rec
ommended to the orchardists of Ohio
aa deserviag of a thorough triaL
Ohio Banetta.
As a maa mast sleep -aad eat with
himself there ia the beat reason way
he should keep hhasilf deea.---!oux
Cay Journal. v
The arraafement, ot aests Ia tho
Poultry house win -depend somewhat
ea whether chicks are raised by hatch
las in incubators or by tha ot
. If the hea to be need for In
cubation it wttl prove more smvan
tageou to have the nests so arraaged
thfit when the brooding time come
the same aests may be used both tor
ltfatT aad sitting. This requires
much more atteatioe la arrangement
than where the aests are made for
the reception ot eggs only. Ia the
case ot aests tor both laying aad ia
cubation it Is aeceseary to aav quite!
a large number, as soma ot the will;
be needed for the sitting hens at au
time ot year whea laying hens are
active ia the production of eggs. For
a sock ot fifty hens a dozen nests will,
be necessary. These should be made.
so that the hens can enter at the;
front for the depositing ot their eggs;',
and there should be some kind ot a'
door at the rear from which the eggs;
may be take. Whea a hen has set-',
tied down oa one ot these nests to sit;
it is only necessary to place the re
quisite number ot eggs under her;
and close the entrance at the frontj
opening one at the back that will peN
mH the hea to come off aad feed si.
wiU. Wire aetting should prevent the
other heas from getting back ot thej
egg aests. Aa Improvement on this la)
to have a small wire yard at the hack;
of each nest ia which the hea may
exercise and dust herself when she
comes off- to get water and food. Most
people, however, do not have this lit-;
tie yard for each fowl that Is sitting.'
The only drawback Is that one sitting
hea wiU sometimes go back onto the1
nest ot another.
Some wiU object to the above that
it ia not accessary to have nests for.
double purposes; that when a hea be
gins sitting she can be removed from
one nest to an incubating nest But
the write- ass found It quite difficult
to Induce broody fowls to accept a alt
ting of eggs in a new nest and very1
frequently the change results in thet
fowl giving up the idea of sitting at
all. Sometimes, too, the broody fowl
has persisted in sitting, but elsewhere
than on the egga in the new nest
Nests for laying only should be
light movable affairs, that can be de
stroyed If they' become Infested with
vermin, for frequently It wiU be found'
easier to make new nests than to
cleanse those that have become filed)
with mite and their eggs. The mere'
dusting ot such. nests with sulphur
and insect powders win frequently tail
to kill all the mites and their eggs,
and new colonies win soon reappear.
Cheap boxes or baskets may be used,
and should be placed lower than the
roosts, so the fowls will not persist
In sleeping on them. If this habit be
comes very pronounced, the aests may
be ranged together in a row and a
slanting board cover hinged to the
side of the house at night This may
be shut down for a time each night
till the birds have fixed the habit of
going onto their own roosts. The
litter best adapted for the filling of
nests is cut straw or hay, and this
should be frequently renewed and
burned whether any mites are found
in it or not It Is best to be on the
safe side, and this material costs prac
tically nothing.
Buff Turkeys.
From Farmers' Review: I have
been raising buff turkeys for ten years.
I prefer them to other breeds on ac
count of their quiet disposition..' They
are more domesticated than the
Bronze or White Holland and are good
layers and good mothers. They are
not quite as large as the Bronze, but
are larger than the White Holland. I
have had hena at maturity to weigh
18 pounds and toms 33 and In fact
I had one that weighed 35 pounds, but
that Is above the average. They ma
ture early, and, taking everything into
consideration, I like them best of any
breed. I keep tea or a dozen hens to
one torn and think if any one so de
sired they could keep even more to
good advantage. Of course the main
thing la to start with healthy stock. I
find -a ready sale for all I can raise,
aad, in fact I cannot raise enough to
supply the demand. I put the first
two dutches under chicken hens and
let the turkey have her third laying.
I can sell their eggs at 25c each, which
would pay well, as one can count on
thirty eggs from each hen, and that Is
not more than one-half what I have
got and I oace had a hen that I .got
153 eggs from la one season, but that
Is remarkable. I feed the little poults
bread soaked in sweet milk and bard
boiled eggs, with onion tops chopped
fine and a little pepper sprinkled over
them occasionally, and find that good
food for them. Little poults are hard
to raise in wet weather, and, if allowed
to run out in rainy weather before they
are pretty well feathered, they will
droop and die. Lice are poults' worst
enemies. Keep them from lice with
insect powder. Mrs. T. C. Trego,
Mercer County, Illinois.
Butter Yield Illustration.
From the dairy department of Pur
due University we have received the
following relative to the college butter
exhibit at the recent Indiana State
Fair:
For several years Purdue University
has operated a working dairy at the
Indiana 8tate Fair. Each morning and
afternoon separator, have been run;
butter made and milk tested by stu
dents from the dairy department un
der the supervision of the Professor
ot Dairying. This year was no ex
ception. The quarters have been re-,
modeled some and fixed up, so as to.
allow the display of a large number!
ot charts, giving much instructive
data. Aa people spent a. good deal ot
time watching the work, tnese cnaruf
attracted considerable Interest Sucb:
facta aa to the relative loss of fertilitjl
ia various farm crops, record of la
dividual cows, aa illustration ot hat;
anced rations, etc. occupied the space.;
These often furnished an excuse for,
oaMtkma on the part of those watch-'
lag 'the work, so that the middle o
eaca day was a continual question box'
with answer by those in charge. A''
aew feature was three column of
print butter, containing In the first
case the actual number ot pounds of
butter made by the average cow of
the, state, aa shown by the censusi
which was 140 lbs. To second colj
omn contained 300 lbs, and was la-!
beled: "The amount ot butter a'good
cow should make," and the thin col'
omn, containing 374 lbs., waa thet
amount of batter made by oae ot the?'
university cows at a feed cost of.
146.00. The relative atoe ot the coK
umas attracted attention, aad an4
doustedly sat a good many people tq
thlaklag.
f titter Hatter.
Bitter batter ia generally found la
the winter season aad mostly ia the
Product ot dairies rather than at
creameries. Bitter taste may be found
in aay dairy product as well aa In but
ter aad is oftea fouad ia milk, cream
aad cheese, said C. H. Ecklea ia aa
address at a Missouri dairymen con
vention. The cause is the same, how
ever, and what is said ot it, applies
to the conditions wherever found. Bat
ter may be of good quality whea
made, but develop a very bitter taste
later. Milk may be perfectly normal
whea milked, but become extremely
bitter with age. This bitter coadltioa
aaa beea credited by most dairymen
to stripper cows or faulty feeding,
MIHc from stripper cows very rarely
will have a peculiar, somewhat hitter
taste, but hardly auatdeat to show ia
the butter under any clrcumstaacea.
It 1 safe to say not one case la a
hundred Is due to this cause. It teed
Is used with very bitter taste. It may
so into milk in sufficient amounts to
cause the same hitter taste, hat our
common feeds are not bitter, and ta
tact it Is aa well to leave this cause
out ot consideratioa altogether, aa it
is of so little importance.
The common bitter taste is due to
aa abnormal fermentation. To pro
dace the desired flavor in batter, we
want the cream to sour with a dean,
our taste, and In fact want to keep
everything else la the way of bacteria
out aa much as possible. To get the
cream to sour as much as we wish, we
want to furnish the bacteria which do
this and keep out the bad bacteria as
the bitter prodadng kinds. The bac
teria which produce the bitter prod
ucts, we find, are generally la hay dast
and stable dirt, and some always and
their way lato milk, especially whea
the cows are In the barn. Tela Is one
of the two reasons why the bitter
taste I more apt to be found In winter-made
butter than In summer. The
second reason, and the one haviag the
most Influence, 1 that cream in win
ter, in a smail dairy especially, ia
often kept for a long time between
churning and at a rather low tem
perature. These bitter products wiU
seldom. If ever, be developed In cream
or milk kept at a temperature of 79
degrees or 75 degrees, as it will then
sour but not become bitter, although
it may become rancid If kept too long
at that temperature.
These bitter producing bacteria can
not work in the presence of any
amount of acid or sourness. As soon
as the sourness begins the bitter prod
uct is not made any more. The bac
teria which produce the bitter taste
.work best at a temperature so low
that the milk wiU bout very slowly.
The butter maker has the means of
'prevention always at hand. The first
thing to do is to use a good sour-starter
in the cream at once after separa
tion, to start souring and check the
other fermentations. Every butter
maker who expects to make a high
trade of uniform butter should make
constant use of a good starter. The
other point is to keep the temperature
up until souring begins, and then
cool. If necessary, to hold a day or
two. Sour first and the bitter bacteria
will not work, even if the cream be
kept cool a couple of days. Keeping
cream over at a temperature of fifty
to sixty degrees, and later warming
for souring is the condition that al
lows development of the bitter defect
Olecmargarine in Wisconsin.
A circular has recently been sent to
dealers In oleomargarine In Wisconsin
by J. Q. Emery, Dairy Food Commis
sioner of that state, warning them that
every available force of his office wiU
he exercised to enforce the state law
and exact the full penalty for viola
tions thereof. The Wisconsin law,
which is a copy of the Massachusetts
statute, is more stringent than the na
tional law in that it specifically pro
hibits the sale of oleomargarine
"which shall be In imitation of yellow
tatter," while the United States oleo
margarine law of 1902 provides:
"That all articles known as oleo
margarine, butterine. Imitation, proc
ess, renovated or adulterated butter
or Imitation, cheese, or any substance
In the semblance of butter or cheese
not the usual product of the dairy and
not made exclusively of pure and un
adulterated milk or cream, transported
lato any state or territory or the Dis
trict of Columbia and remaining
therein for use, consumption, sale or
storage therein, shall, upon the ar
rival within the limits of such state
or territory or the District of Colum
bia, be subject to the operation and
effect of the laws of such state or ter
ritory or the District of Columbia, en
acted in the exercise of its police pow
ers to the same extent and In the same
manner as though such-articles or sub
stances had been produced in such
state or territory or the District of
Columbia, and shall not be exempt
therefrom by reason of being Intro
duced therein in original packages or
otherwise."
In the Wisconsin statute the term
"artificial" in relation to color Is not
used. To be lawfully salable under
the laws of that state oleomargarine
or butterine must be "free from colora
tion or ingredient that causes It to
look like butter." Siace, therefore,
the law prohibits the sale of a product
which looks like butter, it makes no
difference by what means, natural or
otherwise, it acquires a yellow color.
It Is still unlawful in -Wisconsin. The
circular was provoked by the circula
tion of advertisements soliciting Wis
consin dealers to handle certain
brands of butterine described aa hav
ing "a rich creamy shade."
Fatten ing -Ducks.
From Farmers' Review: I have
not had much experience In fatten
ing ducks, as I always sell nearly all
I raise for breeding purposes, and can
never raise enough to fill the orders I
.get For feediag my young ducks in
the fall after the core bogies to drat
I cut it from the cob with a corn
knife and feed them, and they grow
very fast Old ones will get very fat
on that oace a day and ripe corn twice
a day. with plenty of fresh water to
drink and clean quarters. Either
young or old ducks always want a
clean, dry place for the night Damp
ness is very hurtful to young duck.
Some will not believe this, as they are
a water fowl, but this has always been
my experience. Mrs. J. W. Bloxham.
Grundy County, Iowa.
In manuring, the nature and com
position of the son has to he taken
into account Thus, claya derived
from potash felspar, would not need
potash manuring, while maay sandy
saOs would, oa the contrary ha highly
teaeated thereby. Also, it would
not pay to add lima to a chalky soli.
Kerae at the Wert Pair.
The fS,C44) allotted
asses aad stake at the World' Fair
m divided amoac tweaty-foar risen,
as follows: Trotter, Thetwaghbred.
Percheroa, French Draft, Ctydeaaal
and 8alre horses, ffjet ; Jacks
and Jennets, $M: Freaeh Coach,
German Coach. English Ceaca, Hack
ney. Morgan. Bekdaa and tvsddle
MJSd each; Suffolk Punch
Arabian, tl.115 aach: males.
13.416; Shetland posies, $3,410; aoalea
ia harness, sage. Harass horses are
allotted 84.100. Roadsters are given
1.700, divided equally between "road
ster for dealer" aad "roadsters for
others." Baslaes horses have been
flvea $2,315, aad horses ot commerce
have $1,485. These sum are exclu
sive ot any special prize. The etas
tor Germaa Coach includes amstFrl
land Coach, Haaoverian, Holatela
Coach, Oldeaburg Coach and Trakea
en. Under the English Coach are
included the Cleveland Bay and York
shire Coach.
The American Percheroa Horse
Breeders and Importers' aeaodatioa
has set aside $2,000 for special prizes
for Percheroes at the World's Fair.
The association has suggested to
Chief Cobura aa arrangement ot this
sum tor aa offering ot thirty-seven
Prizes to provide a aumher ot classes
for the especial encouragement ot
Americaa breeders and ot the display
of stock bred by exhibitors. The Na
tional French Draft Horse assoclatloa
has offered $1,000 in World' Fair
special prize for that breed. The to
tal amount In regular aad special
prizes for Percheroa aad French Draft
horses Is $15,410.
The "horse ot commerce" class la
the World's Fair prize list provides a
new aad deserved recognition ot the
market types of horses. "This class."
the prize list announces, "provide for
an exhibit of horses of the leading
types that find a ready sale at trade
centers and that are especially de
serving of the nttention of breeders
who appreciate the advaatages of a
profitable home and foreign market
assured for all worthy speclmeas." In
this class a first prize of $75. a sec
oad.of $50. a third of $40. aad highly
commended aad commended awards
are offered for artillery, cavalry,
coach, saddle, omnibus aad are de
partment horses and for drafters, ex-'
pressers aad roadsters. Exhibits la
this das are confined to geldiags
four years old or over, with the ex
ception that mares will be eligible
in the section for saddle horses. An
imals will be shown in harness or
under saddle. Judges la this class
will be experienced buyers on the
market or Ualted States army offi
cers. The World's Fair classlficatioa for
horses presents a remarkable series
of awards in the breeding rings, of
fering nearly $80,000 for these classes
alone. A single stallion may win
$500 solely on his Individual merit la
any of the more Important dassea.
As the sire of pure-bred colts he may
wla $100 additional, and In the stud
rings he may help to win $750 mores
The nppropriatlons for grade geldings
and mures by recorded sires aggre
gate $10,840 in the World's Fair breed
ing rings.
Making Firm fJacen.
In Denmark they look upon barley
as the best for good bacon. Exercise'
is conducive to firm bacon, nnd il
plenty of buttermilk Is used, I do not
think there is any danger of soft
bacon. After a pig reaches 75 or IOC
pounds nlmost anything can be gires
it in the wsy of feed. Some of out
packers have been advocating keep
ing the hogs until they nre eight of
ten months old as a help to produce
the firm bacon, but If fed right a hog
may be put oa the market at six
months old. I think In many la
stances the value of roots has beea
overestimated, but they certainly help
to keep the hogs in good condition,
and prevent them from becoming too
fat when young. Without roots, our
difficulty has been to get them tc
grow rapidly without getting fat Fed
on something bulky they will grow
and at the same time not become
- ?ry fat. It is a little difficult to ex
plain the reason. The question of
wheat feeding has never ton taken
up by our Institution. In feeding It.
I should mix something bulky with
it, or it might be gummy and indi
gestible. I wonld much prefer feed
ing some roots with it. For young
pigs we found oats better than most
feeds. We grind them as finely as we
caa mix with middlings. Prof. G. E.
Day.
Duroc-Jeraey Points.
The following points are abstracted
from a detailed description of the
Duroc-Jerseys by sn official publica
tion of the American Duroc-Jersey
Swine Breeders' Association:
The bead is small in proportion to
the body and tapers well down to the
nose. The eyes are bright and prom-'
Inent. The ears are medium In size
and moderately thin, and point for
ward and downward. The neck is
thick and short The jowl Is broad,
full and neat The shoulders are
broad and deep and do not extend
above line of back, which la straight
or slightly arching aad cf even width
from shoulder to ham. Sides are
deep and riba long. Belly nnd flank
are straight and full. Hums and
rump are broad aad full. Legs are
medium In size and length. Tall large
at base and busby at polat Coat la
thick and fine. Color is cherry red
without admixtures. Size is large for
age and condition. Two-year-old boar
should weigh COO pounds; sow same
age. 500 pounds; year-old boar, 350
pounds; year bid sow, 300 pounds;
boar aad sow six months of sge. 150
pounds. Action is vigorous. Disposi
tion is gentle and they are easily
handled and driven.
A Desirable Late leeming Vine.
From Farmers' Review: Among
the vines we have a late bloomei
which ought to be grown everywhere.
because of Ita exquisite beauty, de
lightful fragrance and hardiness. 1
refer to Clematis paalculata grandi
flora. Our native Clematis ia .beauti
ful, and is really much more satisfac
tory in the long run than the large
flowered varieties, bat It Is far lafer
lor to the variety earned above. The
new candidate for popular favor has
much larger flowers, and these are
produced ta larger clusters, and they
are displayed to much finer effect by
the rich, shining, dark-green foHage.
The Individual flowers have widea
petals thaa those ot the old kind, aad
the effect of them, as seen among the
glossy leave ot the loan; breaches, is
quite like that of orange abwera. The .
plant Is of rampant aad rapid growth,
sad win clamber to the eaves ot the
ordinary house it gives good support
It 1 oa of ear vary lest aanry viae
.V.'-'ff
Bass' -
saasfe ' "
BaaafcrS
, . -. . - . - i ,
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