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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 28, 1903)
tu s: Si K hV:- It ? jsp . SBBBBl SBBSl 2 .SmSM ft. -X "usmr T V - . SSV I'-.:-.-. ' i" ' t nir cmfif i a rnmniup ' " -W, I WITH VCinUS-H c My Lady. She walks unnoticed in the street; The camel eye 3i nothing in her fair or sweet. The world goes by. onconscioua that an angels feet Are passing nigh. Bt iit h-a r taautv's wealth: 1 ' Truth will allow . . ... ! Only her prieelesn youth and neaitn. Her broad, white brow: Trt grows she on the heart by stealtu. 1 scarce know how. She does a thousand kindly things That no one knows; A loving woman's heart she brings To human woes: ,... And to her face the sunlight clings Where'er she goes. And so she walks her quiet ways With that content That only comes to sinless days And innocent: , A life devoid of fame or praise. Yet nobly spent. p&u Chfekamauga Forty Years Ago. Forty years ago was fought the bat tle that made the name Chlckamauga historic In the character and number of troops engaged .in the strategic maneuvers that preceded the battle, and in desperate fighting on the field, Chlckamauga was the great battle of the West, and one of the most remark able conflicts of the civil war. The troops engaged were mostly vet erans. The men of the Union army had fought under Grant and Buell at Shlloh, under Buell at Perryville, under Rosecrans at Stone River, and were organized in corps and divisions commanded by such officers as Thomas. Crittenden. McCook, S'-ieridan and Palmer. The soldiers of the sev eral divisions had the confidence that comes with long association In cam paigns, and they had also that knowl edge of the opposing army that came of meeting it in several battles. On the Confederate side there were not only Bragg's veterans of Perryville and Stone River, but Longstreet's splendid soldiers of Lee's army and many of the veteran regiments from the rebel armies that had been operat ing in Mississippi and Georgia. Each army had respect for its antagonist, and an overwhelming desire to win. On the Confederate side this desire to win had been intensified by what bad gone before. Bragg had fought at Perryville and run away. He had fought at Stone River and retreated, yielding all of northern Tennessee to the Unionists. He had been outman euvered at Tullahoma in June and July. 1863. and had yielded all of southern Tennessee without a battle. Two months later Rosecrans had forc ed the passage of the Tennessee and compelled Bragg's army to retreat from Chattanooga, which had been pronounced impregnable, and which was to the rebel line in the West what Richmond was in the East When Bragg bad retreated and Rosecrans' elated division had moved on diverging lines in pursuit, the Con federate authorities formed a plan to crush the pursuing arm'. Lee was weakened that Longstreet might be hurried to Bragg. Troops were with drawn from Sherman's front and sent toward Chattanooga, and ou Sept 15. 1863. the President at Washington and the people throughout ths country and Rosecrans at Chattanooga saw that the Army of the Cumberland was threatened with destruction in the hour of its greatest triumph. Rosecrans confronted with the prob lem of holding Chattanooga and sav ing his army recalled his divisions to the line of the Chlckamauga river, and had them in supporting distance be fore Bragg was ready :o strike. On the night of Sept. 18. he shifted his whole army, anticipating the plan or Bragg to crush his left and drive the Union army away from Chattanooga. So on the morning of Sept. 19. 1863. Bragg. with an effective force of 71,000 men. was ready to attack Rosecrans' -irmy of 56,000. and was confident that he would not only cntsh the Union army but rcoccupy Chattanooga that day. Before he could attack, however. Gen. George H. Thomas, in command on Rosecrans' left, which was not where Bragg supposed it to lie. took the Initiative and made a furious at tack oa one of Bragg's advance briga ades. This movement developed the rebel position and at the same time so disconcerted Bragg that he post poned his general attack. Rosecrans. with Bragg's plans re vealed, made his dispositions accord ingly. His men knew they were out numbered and fought with ' despera tion. On Saturday night. Sept 19. the men of the Army of the cumber land felt they had been worsted. In the hard fighting of the day they had lost heavily in men and artillery, but they felt as they went into new posi tions that Rosecrans was preparing to bold fast. On the morning of the 20th, forty years ago. the sore-hc-rted soldiers of the depleted Union army were hang ing like a bulldog to the roads by which Bragg must reach Chattanooga. The very flower of the rebel army of the East and West was against them, but they clung to the roads and gaps between the enemy and Chattanooga. Divisions were crushed, 'charging rebels ran over the general's head quarters, a line of battle a mile in ex tent, melted away. Gen. Rosecrans himself was swept from the field in a rout of the regiments nearest him. and at a vital point in his line, and yet the bulldog Army of the Cumber land held on to the roads and gaps. Assailed again and again, the divis ions under Thomas at the left and .the brigades that had been sent to re-emforce him and the regiments, bat talions and companies that had drifted to him when, their own divisions were broken np, clung to the roads, even after Bragg's men were in their rear. When night came the Army of the Cumberland retirej to the line of Mis sionary Ridge, but it still held the roads and it still held Chattanooga. ' The supreme effort of the Confederates in the West had failed of its object The great battle oa the West had been fought for Chattanooga, and after the tremendous struggle Rosecrans held This was the fact that discouraged the Confederates and save new cour age to the Unionists. It is the fact . that is uppermost in the minds of the surviving veterans of Chickamauga to day. There were blunders on that field. There were mistakes of a mystifying character on both siCes. Bat -when g as eld soldier wao fought r. nomas cr Palmer cr Turcbis ! at Xhiekamanga forty years ago, ''Warapmi whipped?" he answers, -WelKw held on to Chattaceoga.' re JtaeTr." A& that is tfes tss""er of i THE 3 Menument to Wilder's Brigade. The most imposing tribute on the famous field of Chlckamauga commem orates Wilder's Lightning Brigade of. mounted infantry, which was one of the most important, factors in the bloody fight The survivors and friends of the brave brigade have raised to it an enduring testimonial, which was dedi cated on the fortieth anniversary of the battle with solemn ceremonies. Eighty-five feet high the massive stone tower stands, overlooking all the field like a great lighthouse by day, for it can be seen all over Chickamauga. and is a guide to traveler and to tourist Within, granite steps wind to the top. which is a great stone balcony, and thus the monument is an observa tion tower as well as a memorial to Wilder's Brigade. From the platform may be observed a superb view of the battlefield and the surrounding conn try. The Chickamauga, celebrated In song and story, winds along its de vious path. Upon its once crimson, sodden banks are monuments of pris tine pureness, monuments of the red marble of Tennessee and of marble of shining black, monuments of Indiana's stone, of solid granite and monuments of bronze in all its many hues. Nine bronze tablets have been placed within the monument, and on Stone Tower Eighty-Five Feet High. these, in imperishable letters, is the complete roster of the regiments which served in the brigade, and the history of the organization. The up per tablet has this simple inscription: T Wilder's Lightning Brigade, : Mounted Infantry. : : Fourth Division Reynolds. : : Fourteenth Corps Thomas. : Maj.-Gen. Joseph .. tleynolds, com mander of the division, was himself an Indiana hero, and that state has not been laggard in commemorating her sons. Excepting the Buckeye state, she has the greatest number ol monuments and markers on the field thirty-nine of one and seventy-six of the other. Herses in War. Hanliy anything ran be imagined more cruel than the treatment of horses in war on the march through the swamps and wilderness on the battlefield:; where during the civil war thousands were left wounded to die of starvation no hospital or Red Cross ambulance for them! "Old Captain." in "Black Beauty." tells the story: "Some of the horses had been so badly wounded that the; could hardly move from the loss of blood, others were trying to drag themselves along on three legs, and others were struggling to rise on theit forefeet when their hind legs had been shattered by shot Their groans were piteous to hear, and the beseech ing look in their eyes to those whe passed and left them to their fate 1 shall never forget" Our Dumb Ani- j mals. i General Black. Gen. Black, the new commandet-in-chief of the G. A. It., was commission er of pensions during President Cleve1 land's first term and served one term in the national house as representa tive-at-largc from the state of Illinois During Cleveland's second term Gen Black, was United States attorney for the Xnrtncrn district of Illinois. He is a lawyer by profession, having prac ticed in Chicago ever since the war Gen. Black was commander of the de part men t of Illinois. G. A. R.. in 189S He lias the unique distinction of being the first Democrat to hold the office of commander-in-chief. Medals for Retiring Officers. At the recent encampment Gen. John C. Black, commander-in-chief presented to Gen. Thomas J. Stewart, the retiring commander-in-chief, a beautiful diamond badge. In accept ing it Gen. Stewart said he was more deeply touched by it than by any thing in his twenty-five years of Grand Army work. Past Department Commander Sample, of Pennsylvania, presented a diamond badge to Gen Torrance, who preceded Gen. Stewart in that office. The Encampments at oaten. In addition to the Grand Army of the .Republic and the Woman's relief corps, the Sons of Veterans have also decided to hold their national encamp ment in Boston next year. Undoubt edly all these organizations will re ceive a warm welcome from the citi zens, as there is no more patriotic city in the United States than Boston, and. what is more, there is no state in the country that has done more for the Union soldier than has Massachusetts. Jefferson Davis Captor Dead. J. 7-1. "Wheeler, who rras -path the partj- which captured Jefferson Davis and who ras the first man to lay hands on the Confederate president died on a train in Nebraska while re tensing from the Grand. Amy mee'irs at San Francisco. . !t;js human nature for one man to szk ssotter cv h Jaelsaifo'-oi trj m "' JgnggP'jfgr"l m Matters in Nebraska. yS&KL SS55g 11111111 MHlii-l i iMiiitiMiiiiiiiimiHi.tiiiiiiiiitmmmimJ n i .am JCjmL.iM -x-ay 1 ' I I i ' v'MmL -,.,,.? 1 x lk A Mammeth State Contest .During Teachers' Meeting. LINCOLN A feature of the holi day meeting of the Nebraska 8tate Teachers' association will be a spell ing contest which is being arranged for .on a mammoth basis. The execu tive eommittee of the association has the arrangements in charge and every city, town and village in the state will probably have representatives in the contest. The contest is expected to increase the interest in correct spelling among the educators of the state and through them to benefit the school children. E. C. Bishop of Lincoln is the man ager of the spelling contest and he has great hopes of making the unique fea ture a pronounced success. In his appeal to the teachers of the state Mr. Bishop says it is his desire to reach every rural, town and city school in Nebraska and that he de sires the co-operation of every teach er and school officer and others who can assist in "awakening an interest in the much-neglected subject of spell ing." . The following rules have been ar ranged and trill govern the contest: Class A, for rural schools and grammar grades; class B, for the non accredited high schools Class C. for the accredited high schools; Class D, for normal schools and business col leges. Classes A and B shall be the win ners in Hie county contests, which must not be held earlier than Decem ber 17; Class D shall be the winner in public contests in normal schools and business colleges held not later than December 17. In the state contest each county is entitled to two contestants; one in class A. representing the rural schools and grammar grades of town and city city schools, and one in Class B. repre senting the non-accredited high schools of the county. Each accredit ed high school is entitled to one con testant in Class C. Each normal school and each business college is entitled to one contestant in Class D. TO INSURE COLORED PEOPLE. National Home Protectors is Name of New Order at Beatrice. BEATRICE A new fraternal insur ance order, called the National Home Protectors, has been organized in this city for the purpose of insuring color ed people, who are barred from other fraternal 'organizations. The officers are: W. E. Williams, national presi dent; O. J. Wilcox, national secre tary: Dr. J. I. McGirr, national treas urer; F. O. McGirr, attorney; Dr. T. J. Chidester of Western. Neb., medi cal examiner. The directors arc Rev. J. S. Orr and A. H. Phelps of Steele City, Thomas Hawnes and George Wilkinson of Beatrice. The order starts out with over 300 members from Omaha. Lincoln and Beatrice. Three deputies are in the field organizing lodges. Man is Mutilated by Feed Mill. NORTH LOUP A man named Young, recently from Ohio, was fatally hurt while rttmSng a feed mill on the farm of W. M. Gray. He was caught by the belt. Store at Foster Robbed. PIERCE The store of Schraum Bros, at Foster was entered by burglars aud 160 stolen. Aged Nebraska Man is Missing. TACOMA, Wash. John Weighland of Bloomfield. Neb., has disappeared while visiting in this state and rela tives in Nebraska are making a search for him. Since he left his home last month for this state no trace of him has been found. Weighland is 79 years old. $26,000 tor Farm. COLUMBUS E. M. Sparhawfc. a prominent farmer of Butler county, living just across the Platte river from here, sold his entire farm for $26,000. His lands comprised about 595 acres. Mr. Sparhawk homestead ed a part of this land thirtj'-three years ago and ii has ever since been his home. He will move to Columbus and has already purchased twenty acres just outside of the city limits, for which he paid $95 an acre. Acquitted of Murder Charge. BEATRICE After a trial lasting one week Charles F. Pusch of Marys vllle. Kan., charged with being impli cated in administering drugs which caused the death of Miss Kate Strohni in that town July 5 last, was acquit ted. Immediately after the acquittal of Pusch, the case against Dr. J. L. Hausman. who was charged with per forming a criminal operation on the young woman was dismissed. Both are prominent in Marysville. Part ef Arm Shot Away. BEATRICE While out hunting Abe Horner, a resident of West Beatrice, bad the muscles of his right forearm shot away by the accidental discharge of a shotgun. Representative Appointed. PLATTSMOUTH Hon. R. E. Windham of this city has besn ap pointed to fill out the unexpired term of Judge G. M. Spurlock as float rep resentative of Cass and Otoe counties. Section Man Fatally Injured. NEBRASKA CITY Gus Nelson, a section man on the B. & St.. was struck by a Nebraska City. and HoM rege passenger train. He -was taken to the Nebraska City hospital and Sis Injuries are considered fatal. Session Laws for Legfalaters. , Members of ihe lite lexisjatare asy secure copies of the sejslca Itnrsi by casf ujc& tfcelr ccusty $U& The socialist party of Hall county will have a full ticket in the field at the coming election. ine Fremont National bank has been designated by the secretary of the treasury as a United States de pository. Henry Koealer, living west of Ed gar, has thirty 'acres of alfalfa. He has cut over 150 'tons, four crops: worth about $6 per ton. W. H. Fase, a farmer living near Paplllion, brought in two ears of corn that were monsters. Their combined weight was fifty-four ounces and the total number of grains on the two ears was 2.172. The large 40x60 barn of D. A. Jones, a prominent farmer four miles west of Wayne, was burned. His at crop, all his harness, carriage and baggies and all but one of eight head of horses were burned. - Alban Emily, son of J. H. Emily, cashier of the Citizens' National bank of Wisner, had a foot crushed under the wheels of a passenger train. He jumped from the train and was caught by the wheels. Mrs. Mary Carwin died at the home of her sister, Mrs. Dr. Clark, in Fair- bury, after twenty-four hours of terri ble suffering caused from drinking ammonia. The fatal drug was taken through mistake. .. Fire started in the heart of a fine hay meadow between Bassett and Newport, and before It was under con trol it had burned up forty-five stacks of fine hay, one new barn and some machinery. The total loss will reach $2,000. The store of Schraum Bros, at Fos ter, Pierce county, was entered by burglars. They took some"drilIing tools from a blacksmith shop and drilling a hole in the safe, blew the door off with gunpowder. They se cured about S60 from the safe. Sparks from a Burlington flyer set fire to a field between Mason City and Litchfield. The next train, a freight, twenty-five minutes later, stopped and the crew fought the fire. Several stacks of hay and grain were burned. The loss is estimated at about 400. George Whitcomb of Beatrice, a young man about 21 years of age. was arrested for assault on Miss Miller, his step sister. It Is said that the young man and the girl were engaged to be married soon and the arrest comes as a surprise to the people of that neighborhood. The Missouri River Dispatch com pany, of Hastings, with an authorized capital stock of $50,000. has filed ar ticles of incorporation in the office of the secretary of state. The incor porators are W. H. Ferguson. A. L. Clark and Clarence J. Miles. The pur pose of the new concern is to buy. build, own, operate and lease refriger ator cars. Frank Erickson attempted to com mit suicide while lodged in the Hast ings jail, where he bad been confined for being drunk and disorderly. About 3 o'clock in the morning Erickson re moved his suspenders, looped them about his neck, fastened one end to the top of the iron bars and then jumped from a stool upon which he had climbed. He was discovered apd rescued before life hail gone out Word has been received from Wash ington that the war department has ordered the commandant at Fort Con stitution. N. II.. to ship a 100-pound Parrott gun. without carriage, to W. R. Barton of Tecumseh, Neb. The citizens of Tecumseh have erected a handsome monument to civil war he roes and the gun is presented by the government upon condition that it be mounted beside the monument. A drawing showing the proper method of mounting accompanies the letter. W. F. Cook of Cheyenne county, convicted in the district court for having falsely represented to J. W. Wehn that he was the owner of 130 yearling steers and 100 tons of hay, upon such representations borrowing the sum of $1,200. for which a chattel mortgage on said real or imaginary stock was given by Cook, has been sentenced to serve three years in the penitentiary, which sentence he hopes the supreme court will set aside be cause of certain irregularities which his attorneys claim occurred in the trial. Henry Sochr was killed in the Bur lington yards at Lincoln. Soehr, who was a track laborer, stepped out of a tool house on the track and was struck by a switch engine hauling five box cars, all of which passed over his body. The early frost proves to have damaged the late corn on the bottoms in Lancaster county to the extent that it will not be merchantable. The most liberal estimate will place the yield at about two-thirds of last year's crop. Peter Eiscnmenger of Platte coun ty, while driving in his corn field, lost control of his team and sustained se rious injuries. The team ran away and the wagon passed over his body and one of the wheels cut a deep gash In one of bis limbs. The barroom in R. Mankin's saloon at Wood River was burglarized last week and the desk relieved of about $500 in cash and seven watches. En trance was nude through the base ment and thence to the barroom through a trap door. A fatal accident happened at the fatm of Adam Long, about six miles northwest of Albion. A threshing ere was moving the machine to Mr. Long's to besin work, and when ne-j-the konse psssed taro boys oy the name of Wahl. who had a shotgun g l tbeir possesion. Jnst bfbind the ma cM2c one ef Sir Loss's boys, lid of about 12 yrs: wj3 ridinc on a borr. and when opposite the Wahl boys the gun "was dischirr ed and tie caateats entered the farshead of the ic? ca tie Zona. fcUUSS him !2!tszil7. When the Lamb Conges. r At the time for the comi of the oungstera approaches, the shepherd will be mnkine; preparations, says A. t. Gamley. If the Iambs axe comiag n May, very little Is necessary to be lone, but if In March, and the sheep en Is not warm enough for new-born ambs, then warmer quarters must be 3rovUed. My plan is to have a abed ailt at poles, covered with straw and well banked with manure. Into which ;mrn tha cattle, making the vacated nails into temporary pens by nailiag lew boards across the ends. Now 'or the Iambs. As the ewes bring 'hem into the warm .stable, where the ens have already been prepared, ex tniine the adder, draw some milk, so :hnt the Iamb will get It more freely, :Iean an the wool and filth away from tround ft, so that the lamb will have 10 trouble In getting hold' of the teat, if the Iamb is strong, don't be in too treat & hurry' to get him to suck, he will soon find the teat, and the less Aey are handled the better. If the amb is weak, assist it to the teat, adding it up for a few times, or until ae finds his legs. If too weak to suck, Iraw some milk from the ewe into a wcrm tea cup, feeding two or three spoonfuls at a time, until strong eiugh to help itself. If a lamb is cUlled and apparently lifeless, pour a leaspoonful of gin in a little warm water down Its throat, and submerge it once, all but the head, in warm water, or put in a warm oven. The latter, the hot air cure, I think is much the surest plan. I have brought round Iambs in that way that have bet n picked up for dead. Never give up a lamb that has been chilled and never sucked, without trying one of the aforesaid methods for its recov ery; ihe chances for that lamb living are a good deal better than for an ailing Iamb a few days or a week old. As the lambing progresses, the shep herd will have observed that some ewes arc much heavier milkers than others, and that the poor milkers very often have twins; put one of the twins on a ewe with a single lamb and a good milker. The best and easiest plan is to pick out a ewe giving indi cations of being a good mother, and watch for her lambing. As soon as she has lambed, and before she get up, place the twin lamb tbeside the new-Lorn Iamb, and roll and rub them together, which will give the same appearance and smell to both, and when the ewe turns round to survey her progeny she will never suspect the fraud, but will commence licking both Iambs. I have never seen this plan fail. I? a ewe loses her lamb, make her foster a twin (aim to make every ewe raise a lamb). This requires a little patience. My plan is to skin the dead lamb and sew the pelt on to the twin lamb, putting the dam and foster lamb in a dark pen for a few days, always keeping a sharp look out to see if the lamb is doing all right It is as well in their case to tie up the ewe for the first day or so. Take off the pelt in 24 or 30 hours. Weaning the Pigs. The common method is to shut the pigs up and let the sows go out in the I pasture, said a Wisconsin swine breed er. Then the music begins. That is the way I used to do. The sows bung around the whole day, and then they got caked and we would have trouble with them, and sometimes an excel lent brood sow was ruined. I don't do that now. I have a feeding floor ad joining my hoghouse. The feeding Is all done on this floor. I shut the sows in on this floor and allow the pigs every access to them. I feed the sows all the oats they can eat; give them all the water they can drink. The pigs are fed all the shelled corn they can eat. They go up there, eat and get to the sows. By the end of the week these sows are dry, and the pigs get so disgusted going up there and finding nothing that they just quit. Absolutely at the end of one week not a pig will go near its mother. You can turn the sows right cut in the pasture with the pigs, and there is no more trouble. Now this is not a theory. I have done that way for years and. the pigs never suck the sows again. It is an easy thing to dry a sow-that way; feed them nothing but oats on a dry floor and let them drink water. Missouri Swine. A bulletin of the Missouri State Board of Agriculture says: Missouri ranks third in the United States in the number and value of her swine products according to the twelfth cen sus reports, being exceeded 'only by Iowa and Illinois. By reference to the report it will be seen that on June 1st, 1900, there were in round numbers 4,500,000 hogs in this state. From the same authority we find that the principal classes of live stock in Missouri were xiued on June 1st, 1900, as follows: Cattle $75,C00.OOO Horses 42,000,000 Hogs 16,500,000 Mules , 15,400,000 This shows that hogs rank third among the great' live stock interests of the state in total valuation, but it .we take into consideration the fact that the bulk of the hogs are mar keted at the age of from six to 'nine months, while the bulk of the cattle are two years old or more, horses and mules from four to eight years old when marketed then the hogs make a better showing. The total cash re ceipts from the sale to. hogs Is a close second to cattle. ' Effects of Feed orr Teeth and Skull. Schwartzkopf, of the Minnesota Sta tion, treating of the influence of feed upon the dentition of pigs, writes: 1. The order of succession of teeth in our precocious pigs runs the same as in the primitive hog. 2. The times when the teeth appear are variable, according to race, feed ing and health. The same breeds raised under the same conditions will show the same appearance. 3. The form of the skull depends upon nutrition, health and more or less employment of certain muscles cf the head and neck. Skulls of poorly nour ished pigs are lose and more slenUe: than from those well nourished. Pigs that are prevented from rooting will acquire ' short, high and rounded bead, while those that are forced to root to secure a portion of tisir food will develop a long and slender form of head, .The-.New York r.card of Trade has xdorsed a measure making prevision ;or the issue of $101,000,000 bonds for :fce improvement of the Erie, Oswego in Champlain vanals. wfc'.ch will be mbasitted to the people cf the state at i -jj)e r.'ovctaber election. Feeding Squabs. William E. Rice, in a United States Department of Agriculture bulletin on squab raising, says: No success can be expected unless proper kinds of food are procured and the birds are regularly fed. Long continued feed ing on cracked corn and wheat alone invariairty fails to produce as good eouabc or as many as when a further BkaBBBBafsBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBstdw ' 'BBBBBBCBBBBBBaBBBmSSBBslHl Squ&.vj ("peepers"). 12 hours old. variety of grains is fed. In their free state, pigeons can select a variety of grains, avoiding one kind and choosing another, as their appetites dictate, but when they are kept in a small en closure they must of course take what the breeder gives them. Hence, it becomes highly important that the breeder have good, judgment as to" kinds and quality of food to set he-: fore them, and that he have Interest enough in his flock to avoid stinting' the quantity or feeding too largely of one kind. The six principal feeds are cracked com, Canada peas, wheat, German millet, kafir corn and hemp. On the floor of each pen keep about a peck of clean sand evenly spread. Procure three boxes about the size of small cigar boxes; fill one about one-third' full o" fino table salt; the second with' cracked oyster shells, pigeon size, andj the third with ground charcoal, about Squabs ("squeakers"). 24 hours old. as fine as ground coffee. These three substances are very essential to the health of pigeons. Clean out and re plenish each of these boxes weekly. For the morning ration give equal parts of cracked corn, wheat and peas, well mixed. In the afternoon use cracked corn, kafir corn, millet and peas in equal parts. Twice a week feed hemp instead of millet A smal: quantity of rice may be fed once a week with advantage. The morning feed should be at about 7 o'clock and the afternoon feed at 4 o'clock In sum mer and 2 in winter. This afternoon time is 'necessary in order that the birds may have ample opportunity to fill themselves and feed their young before nightfall. Some wonder why squabs die in the nest or get on the floor and do not fatten up properly. Very frequentlj Squalis ("squealers"). 2S days old, ready for market. the reason is because the old birds are not properly fed. We should constant ly bear in mind that a squab is very different from a chick. A newly hatched chick ran run about and help itself to food and water. The squab, on the other hand, is utterly helpless at birth. I: is unable to walk and must bo fed in the nest with whatever the parent blri brings to it For about five days nature provides a special food comnonly called "pigeon milk." a creamy substance contained "n the crops of the pigeons, and which they have the power to eject from their mouth into the mouths or their young. After a few days of such feeding, the squab is fed on such grains as the pigeon gets, and by the same process of transfer from tiie parent's mouth to its own. Hence it is essential that proper food be given the pigeons. Coops for Judging Fowls. At the Wisconsin State fair last week we noticed what was to most people a new feature in coops to ho used in judging. These were made open on both sides. This gives the light a full passage around the biris and the judges have no trouble In see- I ing the specimens they are to pass upon, without removing them from the coops. The judges do their work on the opposite side from the crowd, which is another advantage of thir arrangement. Of course the birds are taken out of the coops and handled when necessary, in any event With the old style of coops, those open on one side, there was always a semi twilight when ihe judge, clerk and owners of the r.!:ds got around them. Then, too, it was always a nuisance to have people crowding in between the judge and the clerk making rec ords for him. Now these two officials have a whole row of coops between themselves and other interested per sons. Bromus Inermir: for Pasture. Bromus inermis makes an excellent pasture grass, as it shoots up in the spring about two weeks earlier than any of the native grasses, produces a good aftermath or second growth, and continues to grow especially late in the fall. If the summer is dry it will stop growing, and start again after the beginning of the fall rains, but if the dry period is not too long it will con tinue to grow from eariy in the spring until late in the fall. At the Kansas Station we have grown Bromus- inermis in a field vay for four seasons. This summer we have pastured some young stock, ranging from 9 to IS months of age. ou a field of Broams inermis seeded last fall. These calves have not shown any noticeable prefereace between Kentucky blne-gras?. prairie grass and Bromus inermis, and have thrived weli on the Bromus inermis. The grass stands tramping by stock exceedingly "w-ell It i? so vi germs that it will iwz out ail weeds and other grasses, after it ccce becomes well established. It. however, may be sown with other grasses and legumes. and allowed to take full possession it? a' ew years. Kwsas Sulletis. 7 JssiBB3SBaSy SnBBBBiSifiikhSfliHSfiHBBBn :--BSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS' r '" "iaaVeBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBa 3 nBBBTaSBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBsF f l9eBBBBBBBnBBBBBBBBBfi&' i (4077SSBBBBBBBBBBBBSM9 TSxiBBBasSj3VBl fiBBSBslaaiBBSKSSmuLSm Bordeaux Mixture. Bordeaux mixture is of very gxeat importance to the orchardist, and the Btatter of its compounding has been frequeatly discussed in these col imbs. Prof. J. T. Stlnson, writing on this subject says: 'This preparatloa is now made either as a liquid mix ture or as a dry powder or dust Bor deaux mixture (the liquid) has for rears been the standard and most ef ficient fungicide for general all-pur-Poee work that has ever come into ". It has also been the subject of much discussion at the several ex periment stations as to what is the proper strength to use to obtain the best results, and as to its effect on the fruit and foliage. So far as the amount of material to use is con cerned, it is quite probable that the quality (especially of lime) and the proportions of the materials is of much more importance than the amount Four pounds of lime is con sidered suflcient to neutralize six pounds of blue stone; but it does not seem necessary to utilize six pounds of this substance. As good results have been obtained from the use of four pounds as from using six. In fact the 4-4 formula seems to give, if posible, even better results than the 6-4- on account of the liability to In jury from the use of the strong mix ture. Four pounds of good lime fur nishes sufficient excess over what is actually needed to neutralize the four pounds of blue stone to insure against injury In all ordinary cases, and the use of any more would seem unneces sary, even were It only for the sake of being on the safe side. The object of the lime is to neutralize the blue stone, to hold It on the plant and to prevent the too rapid solution of the copper by atmospheric agencies. Ac cordingly the formula given Is prob ably the most satisfactory for this section of the country. It is one that Is in general ase throughout the cen tral west and Is recommended by the experiment stations in Ohio, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri and other western states: Good stone lime (must not be air slacked) 4 pounds Copper sulphate (blue atone) 4 pounds Water 50 gallons Directions for Making Slack the four pounds of lime in one barrel or tank, using just enough water to pre vent burning, then dilute to twenty five gallons. Dissolve the four pounds of blue stone in another barrel or tank, using twenty-five gallons of water. Pour the two solutions into a third tank or barrel by having two men, one to dip from each and pour together at .the same time through a sieve or coarse gunny sack into the third tank, keeping the contents of all the receptables well stirred dur ing the making. Do not pour one solution into the other, for a much better mixture will be obtained if the above directions are followed. The reason for urging that the mixture be made in this way are as follows: The particles of copper, which is the act ive principle of the mixture, aro in a much more finely divided condition, and for this reason the same amount of copper is distributed more evenly over a greater surface, thus making it more efficient The mixture does not settle nearly so rapidly because of the small size of tfie flakes of the cop per. The violent and more incom plete chemical action that takes plice when the lime and blue stone are put together in concentrated condition is avoided, and. a mixture is obtained that is much less likely to do injury. Why Insects Abound Now. Prof. F. 3f. Webster: There are three prime reasons which have made spraying not only necessary, but in many cases absolutely imperative, if success is to be secured. These aro (1) the destruction of the food plants of many of our now destructive na tive insects, and the replacing of these in large areas with plants of similar nature: (2) the weakening of our trees, plants and vines by hybridiza tion, cultivation, grafting and budding, and (3) by the importation of varieties quite similar to those indigenous to our country, but more susceptible to attack from our native insect pests and plant diseases. The clearing np of the native forests where native fruits were produced, and the destruc tion by similar methods of many of 'the food plants of leaf-eating insects, has driven these to the cultivated veg etation, because these insects had r.o '.where else to go, and it was a case of either adapting themselves to a slight change of food or perish. Where the Cream Shou-.d Sour. Some hold the view that, since the cream has to be soured before churn ing, why not let it s.our on the farm? This is objectionable for the follow ing reasons: 1. It is the buttcr-mak- ert work to introduce and develop the the fine aroma in butter which we, as well as the consumers, so much desire. 2. The butter will be more uniform in flavor when one man, who under stands the work, does it, than when a number, who don't understand it. are trying to do it. C. The proper facilities to do the work are always available at the creamery. 4. To most farmers all sorts of flavors come un der the head of souring, which to the butter-maker might be most objec tionable. 5. The maker has made a study of the work, consequently In in a better position to produce what is required than those who arc unlearned in this respect. W. A. Wilson. To Judge Aroma. Through the persistent advocacy of Chief F. I). Coburn of the Department of Live Stock at the World's Fair. In the face of considerable opposition from some sources, the butter made there next year during the proposed cow demonstration will be judged by giving a possible credit of 15 points in a total score of 100 to "aroma" and 30 to "flavor." instead of ignoring the ele ment of smell or aroma and giving a possible 45 points to flavor alone. Chief Taylor of the Department of Agriculture, under whose supervision the butter will be made and judged, Is , heartily in favor or recogBizins aroma, and the representatives of the differ ent breeders' associations furnishing cows for- the test are unanimously fcr it The noultry judge should be a man of grei ability in his line. The em-cloymr-ct of a man to judge poultry just ce'Xase he can be obtained for nothing is unfair to the men that are exhibiting fowls and that have spent large sums of money tn bs able to fairly compare t&eir fcrls Mih, the fends cf otters. That ?First" Creamery. J. H. Moarad, writing in New York Produce Review, says: I notice that friends of C. W. Gould of Elgin are calling down the Iowa people arao claimed John Stewart's creamery net only to be the first in Iowa, but also the first in the world, and make the latter claim for C. W. Gould, who la response to an inquiry wrote: "Tour letter in regard to the date of the establishment of the 'Homer creamery reached here In due time. I erected the building la 18C5 for the manufacture of cheese oa the coopera tive plan; that Is, the neighboring farmers delivered their milk which I manufactured into cheese, charging a certain agreed rate per pound. When the cheese was sold the proceeds wore eoofcd and a dividend declared and the money distributed pro rata sjms the suppliers of milk according to the amount delivered by each. I had beta doing this in a small way la my own private dairy house since 1859, but as the business enlarged it became necessary to provide better facilities, so the factory was built in 1865 and continued in operation during the' warm months until fall of '67. when,' having quite a run of milk, and butter being high in price, I conceived of turning it into a combined butter and cheese factory, which 1 did and as the price of butter was very high for a few years the experimeat proved very successful and soon many others en tered into the same business." It Is a little queer that in view of this I was not called dowa la 1W2 when I mentioned Dr. Joseph Tefft as having started the first creamery in Illinois (1S70) in an article la the Dairy Messenger, No. 4. I made care ful Inqueries at the time and gave Mr. Gould credit for having made cheese for his neighbors in 1864, and D. E. Wood as having started the first large cheese factory with steam-heated vats in 1866. I confess to a suspicion that Mr. Gould's claim to a creamery Is confined to having partially skimmed his cheesemllk the first step on the downward path which led to the skim and filled cheese reputation of Illi nois. However that may be I trust that our Elgin friends will be satisfied with making the claim of having started the first creamery west of Chicago. As to the first creamery in the world I am not sure. Denmark started her first creamery at Marslev in 1863 and this. I believe, was the first creamery in Europe. In New York. Orange Coun ty Milk Association started a butter and cheese factory at Middletown in 1862 with 20 patrons aad 550 cows, and this is the first one I know of, but am not positive that it was the first in the world. This shows the difficulty of getting at historical facts only forty years back, and I appeal to the varh.us State Dairy Associations to secure aud publish such facts, which will be of great interest even if of no monetary value. Washing Cream. A bulletin of the Alabama station says: During the last three years con siderable effort has been made to find a means by which the odor and taste of wild onion and bitter weed may be removed from milk and cream. In the spring of 1901 the "writer was re quested to try a patent compound claimed to remove all kinds of weedy taste from milk, but it proved to be an absolute failure. Cooking soda (salcr atus) was also given a like trial, but failed of the purpose claimed for i by some people. Having failed so far to find anything that when fed to the cows would remove weedy taste in the milk, the next step was treating the milk and cream. Bitter weed taste was removed entirely from cream by thoroughly mixing it with two or more parts of water at any temperature above 70 degrees Fahrenheit, and then running the whole through the sep arator. Saltpetre dissolved In water was tried as an aid in removing the bitterness, but as good results were secured without it as with it Rapidly and slowly heating milk and cream to various high temperatures did not re move bitterness, but often imparted a cooked taste. Butter made from washed cream (as above) was pro nounccd free of all bitterners by the station customers. Butter made from unwashed cream was decidedly bad and was often rejected by the cus tomers. No means were found to re move the bitter weed taste from whole milk. In the spring of 1902 milk and cream were treated for the wild onion flavor the same as in the previous year for the bitter weed taste. An Advantage in Freight Fruit growers near the great fruit consuming cities have an immense advantage over the producers of fruit thousands of miles away. We talk a great deal about California fruit be ir.t: profitable to the growers, but it is only because they have- powerful or ganizations of fruit men that they are able to make any profit at all. The COBt of shjppilI& MJ. pcMbes fro in California is so great that it amounts. to a heavy protective duty in favor of the local growers. We are in formed that the freight on a car of fruit from San Francisco to Chicago is S2.-.0 and the icing charge is S125 more. This makes S375 that the car costs, without reckoning anything for attendance. This amounts to 1.37; cents on every pound of fruit sent from San Francisco to Chicago, as ;-' car is reckoned to contain 20,0C('J poinds. In addition, the matter of time of transit of the California fruit must be taken into consideration in. the packing and the fruit graded more. carefully than it would otherwise have; to he. ilnch perfectly sound fruit must be left out of the packages, slm-' ply because it is ripe; for it would, be rotten by the time it reached the customer. As cur own fruit grower have good fruit soil and climate, with an ever increasing population to fee7. there would seem to be no reason why this advantage of freight rate? should ever be taken from them. There i. every reason why our fruit growers should plant ever increasing (uanti t:cs of hardy and standard fruit tices. Easy fcr Sisyphus. Sisyphus srrAlzd as he wori-e-J at' the htoae. "I'm giat! they gave rae something easy to !o" he chuckle.1. "If thy bi'l only" b-sea me pushin-r my automobile up hill last r,,ni'i-7--" K?s"ily 'ipiT;-; th-! prrpiri!ion hii his brov ht J.cnt at it ""ih fsei cnerrj Xrw- York Tnb-rre '.?.'t t!,t 5?1'. 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