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Matters in
'iniiMHiuiiiiMiutiti -
THE STATE IN A NUTSHELL.
There was liberal attendance at the
Sarpy county fair and the exhibits
were line.
The record of the mortgage indebt
edness of Cuming county continues to
show a gratifying decrease.
Edwin Bostrom. aged 21, fell under
train No. 4 at Ogalalla and was killed.
His body was badly mangled.
Harlan Wyman. a 16-year-old Lin
coln boy. was killed by the street
cars, under which he fell from a bi
cycle. A Fremont gardener raised 160
bushels of potatoes off two town lots
and will dispose of them at l a
bushel.
Fifty cattle were inoculated at the
farm of John Warren north of Beat
rice to prevent the appearance of
blackleg.
The home of Dr. R. W. E. Casterline
of Graf, Johnson county, was burglar
ized recently. Thieves entered some
time between 2 o'clock in the morn
ing and daylight and made away with
210 in cash.
Pom Mertes, a prominent German
farmer living four miles north of Ta
ble Rock, was severely injured by be
ing struck by a train two miles north
of town. He was sleeping on the
right of way.
The farmers in the vicinity of Fair
bury are becoming indignant over the
operations of chicken thieves and ex
tensive raids are reported almost
daily. At one place over 400 chickens
were taken in one night.
The Fremont league of baseball
clubs has 9512.35 in its treasury, in
dicating a total paid attendance at
thirty games played amounting to 5,-
123. After paying ground rent and
expenses there will be $350 left.
The run on corn at the Beatrice
canning factory the other day was a
record-breaker in the historv of the
plant More than 30,000 cans were
put up. The pack of corn will be un
usually large this year and of a fine
quality.
A peculiar disease, pronounced as
lackjaw by veterinarians, has made
Its appearance among cattle on the
farm of John Lenz a few miles south
west of Beatrice. From the symptoms
it was at first supposed that the cat
tle had blackleg, but it later devel
oped that it was lockjaw.
A movement is on foot in West
Point to organize a Commercial club,
whose object it will be to foster the
trade of the city, improve the avenues
of communication, encourage man
ufacturing and generally to exercise a
supervision over the material inter
ests of the city.
Charles Rosencrans, a Papillion
man, but who has been working in
South Omaha at the carpenter trade,
has disappeared and every effort to
locate him has failed. He received a
telegram at his boarding house in
South Omaha a week ago, took his de
parture at once and has not been seen
since.
Word has reached Beatrice that
Bert Dodge, who left that city several
years ago and located at Houston.
Tex., has become a millionaire in the
Texas oil belt. Dodge purchased 400
acres of land that is just now in the
center of a new district and a few
days ago big gushers were struck on
the land.
The Frontier county fair has closed.
It was one of the best fairs in the
history of the county. The attrac
tions during the three days were many
and varied.
Mrs. Scibold, living five miles from
Papillion, had an experience from the
effects of which she will not quicly
recover. During the absence of her
husband. Andrew Seibold. the hired
man became suddenly violent, and
with a revolver in one hand and a
shotgun in the other, threatened to
exterminate the family.
Otis Hefflefinger, who was arrested
last spring at Concordia, Kas., in com
pany with Bill Blowers, on a charge of
stealing a team of horses from his
father in Beatrice was arraigned in
district court and pleaded gulty to the
charge. Judge Letton sentenced him
to one year in the penitentiary. As
Hefflefinger has served seven months
in the county jail this time is to apply
on the sentence. Fred Davis pleaded
guilty to stealing chickens, but the
court did not sentence him, as this is
his first offense.
No clue has yet been found to the
burglars who entered the Union Pa
cific depot at Dannebrog. It now
seems that a small haul was made,
about $6 in change, a gold watch, a
quantity of jewelry, some clothing and
other property having been taken. The
thieves left on a handcar.
Rev. E. A. Osborne, rector of St.
Luke's Episcopal church. Wymore,
has accepted a call to St John's
church In Brooklyn. N. Y and he and
his wife will go there about October
1.
The Fillmore County Independent
Telephone company have completed
the installation of their local village
exchange in Grafton. Many farm res
idence 'phones have also been in
stalled and more will be put in at an
early date.
The old soldiers of the district com
prising Brown, Keya Paha, Rock and
Holt counties closed their annua1 re
union at Bassett Forty-five soldiers
were in attendance. Judge Barnes of
Norfolk and Captain Fisher of Chad
Ton, delivered the principal addresses.
Harry Vertees, injured several
weeks ago near Beatrice by a bridge
giving way while crossing it with a
threshing machine, in company with
Charles Folden. who was killed, has
begun suit for damages against the
county in the sum of $5,000.
Mabel Buhr, a little girl whose
home is in Blue Springs, was so badly
burned at Beatrice that she will die.
In passing a gasoline stove her cloth
ing caaght Ire and she immediately
ran oat is the street enveloped in a
mass of flames.
mm i
Nebraska.
jinumitmiumnm
NEB HAS KAN SUICIDES ABROAD.
John
D. Kilpatrick of Beatrice Takes
His Life in New York.
NEW YORK Ruined by reckless
speculation in Wall street, John D.
Kilpatrick of Beatrice, Neb., 27 years
old, killed himself in his bachelor
rooms in the fashionable Martin
ique apartment house, 56 West Thirty
third street.
The bullet from his revolver lodged
in his heart after passing through
two letters and an unmountetd photo
graph of a handsome young woman,
which were inside his waistcoat
pocket.
Young Kilpatrick was a director and
stockholder of the New York Import
and Transportation company and a
member of the firm of Kilpatrick &
Collins of Nebraska, the- largest rail
road contractors in the country. He
had inherited a large fortune, all of
which, it is believed, he gambled
away on the stock market He lived
at the Martinique with Charles Lind
ley, who had been his classmate in
Ann Arbor university. He had come
to New York a year ago after a tour
of the world and connected himself
with the New York Import and Trans
portation company, of which J. Ed
ward Lombrie, his stepfather, is pres
ident. According to Mr. Lindley, Kilpatrick
had been speculating heavily on the
stock market for several months past.
Another story is that the young man
had been paying attention to a society
girl, who refused to marry him. Some
of his acquaintances declare it was
for love of her that he died.
Kilpatrick was a graduate of Ann
Arbor university. He enlisted as a
private in the Spanish-American war
and after being promoted to a lieu
tenancy joined the army in the Phil
ippines and fought under General
Funston. He was a native of Beat
rice. On his body was found $4.85 in
change and a gold watch and chain.
Many scraps of torn paper littered
the floor of his room. The revolver
used was a brand new one, loaded
with cartridges from a freshly open
ed box.
EXPERTS TO VISIT LINCOLN.
English Educators Will Inspect the
State University.
BOSTON, Mass. Word has been re
ceived regarding the itinerary and
personnel of the commission of Eng
lish educational experts who are to
be brought to the United states next
month by Alfred Mosely, a millionaire
mercnant of London. They will ar
rive in New York about October 12
from Southampton and will visit all
the technical schools, colleges and
universities and investigate many of
the best public school systems
throughout the country. Among oth
er places to be visited are the Ne
braska state university, the public
schools of Omaha, Lincoln, Kansas
City and St Louis, Tulane university,
the university of Texas, Colorado
state university and others through
the west.
Little Damage from Frost
FREMONT A trip through the
country shows that corn crop is in
much better condition than has been
reported. The frost of last week did
scarcely any damage.
Selling Horses in Illinois.
YORK Colonel Fry. the veteran
horseman, who is known by nearly
every horseman in the west, departed
for Illinois, where he will dispose of
York county speedy thoroughbred
horses and colts.
Keep Up Search for Madison.
HASTINGS Small posses were has
tily organized here and continued to
search the ravines northwest of Red
Cloud for Madison, with no results.
The officers have not yet returned,
but it is believed that Sheriff Mac
Arthur has gone to some point south
of Lincoln to work on a clue there.
TOPEKA The Smith county offi
cers have not yet succeeded in appre
hending Thomas Madison, the sup
posed murderer of three women in
that county. Madison is suposed to
be somewhere in Nebraska. Governor
Bailey offered a reward of $300 for the
arrest of Madison.
Convict Makes Mistake.
E. L. Simon, a convict at the state
penitentiary, is roaming around the
country somewhere and Warden Bee
mer is again up in the air over the
slowness of the contractors for the
new steel cells. Simon was allowed to
roam outside the walls for a little
while and he is still roaming, leaving
a year behind him. He had been shut
up from Saunders county for trying
to take a shot at a tenant with whom
he had trouble.
Found Dead on Bridge.
COLUMBUS Henry Rudat. a farm
er living south of town, was found
dead on the Loup river wagon bridge.
He was coming to town with a load
of corn and. while no one witnessed
the accident, indications point to the
fact that the neckyoke came down and
Rudat was either dragged from the
wagon or fell off and his skull was
crushed by one of the wheels, of the
heavy load. Rudat was a well-to-do
farmer, 54 years old.
Mortons Donate Land.
NEBRASKA CITY The Overland
Investment company and Morton
brothers of Chicago have made an of
fer of twenty acres of ground south ol
Morton park providing a local country
club is formed. The Mortons will
build a $2,000 club house.
Fremont Man is Killed.
LAS VEGAS. N. M. Russ Powe
of Fremont. Neb., fell from a passen
ger train here and was killed.
LIVE
STOCK
j
Feeding the Dams.
With regard to the grains best suit
ed to the nourishment of the female
while carrying the young, it Is only
necessary to say that these should,
for the most part, be rich in protein.
These foods help to build muscle and
keep the nervous system in a vigor
ous condition, and hence the foetus
is more likely to be well nourished,
ud be strong and healthy. Carbohy
drate foods, such as corn meal and
3ther starchy products,, should be
avoided for reasons in opposition to
"hose already advanced. Foods thus
aave a very Important influence, not
only on the health of the dam, but
an the development of a vigorous off
spring, and the nourishment of the
female should receive more, considera
tion at the hands of the average
oreeder. It would not be a difficult
matter to provide an abundance of the
most useful foods if more care and
forethought were given to the rota
cion practiced on the farm, and the
oenefits accruing to the breeder are
such that he can well afford to adapt
nis rotation to the best needs of his
stock. The importance of nourish
ment to the dam so as to produce a
3trong, vigorous foetus is not gen
erally recognized. While the size of
the foetus is probably controlled by
the dam, its after development de
pends largely on its proper nourish
ment before birth, and that the dam
should be liberally fed is clearly an2
parent for in most instances she is
not only expected to be a productive
factor, either in the field or at the
milk pail, but to provide plenty of
nourishment for her young as well.
Where an animal is expected to do
double duty the food supplies must
be liberal or else one or both of these
duties will be Inadequately performed
with disastrous results in the case of
the young. For example, if a mare
is overworked, so much of the en
ergy of the mother is used up that
the foetus necessarily suffers, and so
instead of growing and developing
uniformly and being strong and vig
orous in every respect it is perman
ently stunted and injured, and this
will be evident .throughout its wholo
life. Prof. A. M. Soule.
Cause of Cattle Mange.
A government bulletin says: Scab
ies, or mange, of the ox is a
contagious disease caused by a para
sitic mite. Cattle are affected with
two varieties of these parasites, which
belong to the class Aracbnldae. The
Psoroptes communis var, novis, is the
one which most frequently affects
them. It lives on the surface of the
skin and gives rise to great irrita
tion and itching by biting, and is
most frequent upon the lateral aspect
of the neck and shoulders, at the
base of the horns, aud the Toot of the
tail. Frca these points it spreads to
the back and sides, and may invade
nearly the entire body. Its principal
manifestations are more or less num
erous pimples, exudations, and abund
ant scaling off, or desquamation, of
the skin, falling out of the hair, and
the formation of dry gray-brownish
scabs. In the course of time the
skin becomes thickened, stiff, wrin
kled, and acquires the consistency of
leather. When mange has spread
over a large surface of the body, the
animals lose flesh and become weak
and anemic, rendering them constitu
tionally less able to withstand or
combat the effects of the mites. At
the same time the decreased vigor
and lessened vitality of the affected
animals favor the more rapid multipli
cation of the mites and the further ex
tension and intensification of the dis
ease. Thus we have cause and effect
working together, with the result
that scabies, or mange, in cattle may
in some cases prove fatal; especially
are fatal terminations liable to occur
in the latter part of a severe winter
among immature and growing ani
mals, or those of adult and full age
when in an unthrifty condition at the
time of becoming infected. There
have been noticed variations in the
progress of the disease depending
upon extreme seasons aggravation
in winter alternating with improve
ment in summer.
The Feeding Flcor.
The hog is the cleanest domestic
inimal we have and if he is properly
sared for there will not be one par
ticle of droppings or urine in that
aoghouse, says John Cowine. They
will set one corner off into a kind
of closet and they will go back and
forward to that Give them just
room enough to lie down and' no
more. It is an advantage to have your
hoghouse divided off into pens. If
you haven't enough hogs to fill up
your hoghouse shut off part of the
space; give them just enough room
to occupy and no more. After you
have fed them clean the feeding
floor. What would you think of your
wife if she let the dishes set on the
table from one morning to another?
Suppose the supper was served on the
same dishes. You would say to your
self that you wished you had not
married that woman. I would no more
thiuk of feeding my hogs on a feed
ing floor that had not been cleaned 1
immediately after the last meal than
I woud of eating my dinner off the
breakfast dishes without washing. I
have done it for thirty years. It is a
small matter. We hare a wooden
aoe made out of a 2xC three feet in
length; have an old saw for the
'ower edge. This is wide enough to
sweep off three or four feet at a
time. If your floor is smooth and
if you can do it immediately after
feeding you can clean it off as clean
as if swept By having the floor
:hree feet high on one side you can
clean It off month after month and the
refuse will not pile up ou you. No
matter how wet or muddy it is. if vour
, hogs are confined in this building
'their feed is always clean. Feed
your hogs corn and water. I would
add a few oats and perhaps a basket
or two of raw potatoes once a week,
but my main feed would be corn and
cold water.
New Name for Teats.
The girl who expressed so much
sympathy for the poor farmer because
of his cold job in harvesting his win
ter wheat is equal in agricultural
knowledge to the one who expressed
a desire to see a field of tobacco when
it was just plugging out But the
damsel who asked which cow .gave
the most. buttermilk is entitled to the
whole bakery.' A girl on her return
from the country who was asked if
she ever saw any one milk a cow re
plied: "Oh, yes, indeed I have; it just
tickled me to death to see uncle jerk
two of the faucets at the same tiise."
Ada Index-
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Invention of Separators.
J.-H. Monrad in New York Produce
Review says: "Professor Farrington
writes in the Farmer's Sentinel. Mil
waukee, Wis., an article on the evolu
tion of the separator as follows: 'One'
of the first applications of this princi
ple to creasa separation was made by
a Massachusetts man in about 1875.
He placed graduated glass tubes filled
with milk in pockets something like
those now used in the Babcock milk
tester and whirled these tubes in a
machine constructed for the purpose.
After whirling about twenty minutes
the thickest of the cream was meas
ured in each tube. This machine was
designed to be ;used as a cream tester
for milk. It was, .however, a pattern
for the first commercial cream sep
arators, which were constructed, on
the same plan, excepting that pails
holding fifty to sixty pounds of milk
were substituted for the glass tubes.'
It seems Professor' Farrington over
looks the fact that it was Pro! C. J.
Fuchs of Germany who suggested the
use of centrifugal force in testing
milk as early as 1859 and that, in 1864
Antonin Prandtl of Munich experi
mented with raising cream by placing
small cylindrical vessels with milk in
an ordinary centifuge. Furthermore,
it was, according to Ed. Burnette,
'about' 1870 when Rev. H. F. Bond of
Massachusetts made his experiments
with two glass jars attached to a spin
dle making 200 revolutions. Let us
give the honor where it is due, that is,
to Germany, not only for originating
the idea, but also for the first use of
a separator (crude as it was) in a
commercial creamery."
Agricultural College Cows.
' It it with pleasure that we note the
addition of twenty high-bred cow3 to
the herd of the California Agricultural
College. This will give them thirty
cows In all, representing the three
breeds, Holsteins, Jerseys and Guern
seys. Lack of good cows is one of the
chief deficiencies in the equipment of
many of our agricultural colleges. In
the past the appropriations have been
so small that the funds have been
barely sufficient to pay the charges
of the instructors and keep up the
buildings. The live stock departments
have been the last to receive atten
tion. Probably this' could not be help
ed. But it is hoped that the day of
inferior herds at the fountain head of
our dairy instruction is passed. There
are several other colleges that need
better dairy herds than they have' at
present The students should have
before them the best types of cows
and abundant opportunity to see th'o
good and bad points of the various
dairy breeds. It is not enough that
one dairy breed be represented. All
dairy breeds should have their repre
sentatives at the agricultural college.
Otherwise the student will have a
one-sided education in this regard, and
he will go from college prejudiced in
favor of one breed and against an
other. Dairying in England.
According to reports from Eng
land the English dairyman is making
slow progress in his efforts to supply
the demand's of the home market
This applies to butter, cheese and
cream. The latter is said not to be
extensively used, except in the west
of England, where it is found on the
tables of the wealthy and well-to-do
class. Some of the leading thinkers
on dairy subjects are urging the Eng
lish dairyman to abandon the idea
of supplying any but the highest class
of trade. They would leave to the
Canadians and Australians the sup
plying of the demand for cheap pro
ducts. They would have the English
cow devote all her energy to turning
out cream, milk and cheese of the
finest quality only. ' It is claimed that
of the entire product of English
cheese more than four-fifths is of in
ferior quality, and that cheese of rep
utation Stilton and Wensleydalc
arc made in such small quantities that
they are found an ,the tables of the !
middle cjasses only at Christmas time.
The trade in cream especially should
be worked up to a popular bas's.
Unhealthy Surroundings.
At a medical convention recently
held in England the cow and her sur
roundings came in for discussion in
relation to the public health. The'
doctors pointed out some things that
should and some things that should
not be. One of them said that in
many of the stables the cows had too
little air space per cow. This should
not be less than 800 cubic feet per
cow. This would be a space ten by
ten by eight feet. Also the cowe
should not.be permitted to stand with
their heads to a dead wall, that is, a
wall without openings of any kind.
It was better to have them face the
feeding racks. It was said that in
some parts of England it is common
to see drinking ponds located at the
lowest point in the yards, and in such
location it was impossible that they
could escape having washed into them
at every rain much of the droppings
from the cows. This had been the
case with some ponds for generations. .,
Good and ,healthy milk could not be
made from such water.
Selecting a Bull.
I would not buy a bull to-day to use
in a thoroughbred herd unless I knew
his ancestors back three or four or
even five generations. I do not sim
ply want to know what his dam is.
Succeeding generations of his dam
may show improvement, but not from
her own qualities alone. It comes
from her inheritance, and that inher
itance will very often in the bull come
from three or four generations back.
V. E. Fuller. '
Effects of Loss of Pigs. '
From Farmers' Review: Our own
experience with spring pigs this year
was satisfactory. From four sows
one with her first litter and two with
their second litter we. raised thiriy
three thrifty pigs. They now average
more than 100 pounds each, and half
of this was made from pasture, part
rape that wintered. But complaint
was quite general this spring of loss
of pigs, even from' farmers that care
well for their stock. So, notwith
standing the stimulus of high prices
toward increased production, this
county will not market more hogs this
year than last P. F. Nye, Elkhart
County, Indiana.
A good rule, to commit to memory
for the making- of a mayonnaise is
three eggs to one quart of oil and half
a cupful of vinegar or lemon juice.
Sometimes the mayonnaise will thick'
m sufficiently with Jess than one quart
nf oil. if it is very cold.
1 POULIKYl
' Experience With Broilers.
From the Farmers' Review: To be
candid, I wish to say my experience
along this line is somewhat limited.
However. I will give what little I
mow and trust it may be of benefit
to some brother poultryman. In the
test place, we must have the right
aind of breeding stock. Now it Is not
what variety we like the best but the
variety that finds the most favor in
the market. We most raise what the
xmsumer likes the best -I 'believe
Ae White Plymouth Rocks or White
Wyandottes make the best bspilers;
'or the reason 'that their pin feathers
do not show as badly as do those of
;heir darker-colored cousins, and
:herefore present a nicer appearance
when dressed. Now, after having
nothing but good healthy birds in
ur flock, we begin saving eggs for
hatching about the first of February,
rod, as soon as we get enough to
311 the incubator, we start it going.
We have been reasonably successful
with the incubator and much prefer it
to the hen.
The next thing in order is to see
:hat the brooder is in good shape.
We have an old house with a stove
"n it, so we can fire up in severe
weather. There Is where we put the
orooder, cover the floor of the' brood
3r with sand, and, about 12 hours be
fore taking the chicks out of the in
cubator, light the lamp and heat the
'brooder chamber up to about 95 de
grees. After the chicks are two weeks
old the temperature need not be over
85 degrees. We hare found that it Is
best not to feed anything for at least
36 hours, then give a light feed of
rolied oats and a little sweet sklmmllk.
For feeding the milk we use a tin
can with a holo punched about half
an inch from the top. Fill with milk
and invert it in a saucer. This makes
an ideal drinking fountain. It is best,
in my opinion, to feed rather sparing
ly the first week. Then, feed five or
six times a day till they go to market
Rolled oats, wheat and cracked corn
are my main feeds, always feeding
corn the last thing before they go to
roost.
I throw chaff from the barn floor
onto the floor of the room and scat
ter wheat, and, once in a while, a lit
tle millet seed into it. This will give
the f hicks exercise, which they must
have to be healthy and strong. We
have heard it said "Don't let the
chicks have all the water they will
drink." My experience leads me to be
lieve that they should have water con
stantly before them. A little pounded
charcoal and grit is also very essen
tial. In sight or ten weeks we should
have 2 or 2Vi pound broilers, and they
should be marketed at once. There is
good money .in the business, but to
run it on a large scale requires con
siderable capital. This we do not all
possess; but we can all raise a few
nice juicy broilers for our own table
and maybe a few besides. Charles E.
Niewold, Logan County, Illinois.
Housing Geese.
From the Farmers' Review: There
:s probably no fowl or animal on the
farm that requires as little shelter as
geese after they reach maturity. Give
them straw or something of the kind
to sit on and they appear to be com
fortable even in the coldest weather.
'An open shed of almost any descrip
tion, that will keep out the snow, is
'an ideal place for the breeding of
.geese. They should never be con
fined in a close building. For the
.young goslings a different place is
needed. Mine are nearly all hatched
'.with hens. As fast as they get out
of the shell I take them in a covered
basket and place them near the
'kitchen stove. They are such large,
soft, clumsy things that they are
often crushed in the nest, if not re
moved at once. When they are all
tout and well dried off, I place them
In an ordinary coop with the old hen.
If it is early in the spring and the
'weather is cold, it is generally best
-to leave the hen with them until
vthey are two or three weeks old, but
.later in the season, as the weather
-becomes milder, I discard the old hen
(entirely after the goslings are three
r four days old. They are then kept
'in a dry place and shut up at night
!in a coop that is rain-proof. I use
'the ordinary A-sliapcd coops. They
'shed the rain well and arc easily
'made. Goslings should be well shel
tered from rains until their backs are
well feathered out. Alter that your
troubles are practically over with
them. Turn them out where they can
get plenty of grass and water with
a feed of meal once a day, and you
can almost see them grow. My ex
perience is confined to the Toulouse
'variety, and I have found them very
'hardy and easily raised. They are a
; profitable fowl for the farmer and
should be more extensively raised.
Harvey H. Huggett, Columbia Coun
ty, Wisconsin.
In-Breeding of Poultry.
In time our experiment stations will
doubtless take up the question of in
breeding and conduct series of experi
ments to determine just what its ef-
'fects are on birds. It is not necessar
ily a fact that what is true of one kind J
of animal life is true of every other
'kind, though it may be so. It is
probably safest not to do much in
breeding. But on the other hand, there
are large breeders that claim that in
breeding does not result in the de
terioration of the flock, if care is taken
in selecting the most vigorous breed-,
ers. One man claims that he actually
'in-bred for vigor and increased the
vigor of his flock in that way. In
breeding is generally reputed to affect
the vigor of a flock first of all. If any
of our readers have tried experiments
along this line we would like to hear
from them.
Wool Prices.
F. E. Warren, president of the Na
tional Wool Growers' Association;
writes the Farmers' Review as fol
lows: This season's wool clip in
Wyoming was short from fifteen to
twenty per cent, owing to last year's
dry summer, and the' past hard winter.
Prices have been very fa'ir, and a
trifle higher than they were last year;
I should say about one cent per pound
higher, on an average. The future as
to the price of wool looks well, be-;
cause there Is a shortage in sheep
everywhere," not only in this country,
but abroad as well ; and the hold-over
supplies of wool have been exhausted.
Wool will be wool before'' the z,ext
clip is on the market if I am any
judge of the situation and prospects.
Before we bring happiness to
others we must first be happy our
selves, nor will happiness abide with
in us unless we confer it on others.
Maaterlinck.
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Sub-Earth Factories.
The farmer is not generally looked
upon as a manufacturer. Yet on hjs
lands and under them, on the roots of
all leguminous plants, there are at
work the microscopic creations that
labor in changing the free nitrogen
of the air into soil nitrates that may
be used by the plants. Every nodule
on the root of a plant is an immense
factory. It may be smaller than a'
pea, yet In it are multitudes of the lit
tle workers. They existed from the be
ginning of the development of legum
inosae on the earth; but man has
only recently discovered them. Be
fore he understood that they were the
friends' of man, he regarded these
factories as symptoms of plant dis-.
eases, and various remedies were Jn-'
vented for the cure of the said dis
eases. But later such efforts were
found to be misapplied, and it was
recognized that these same tubercles
were part of the machinery of Mother
Nature, by which she kept the soil
supplied with the so-readily soluble
forms of nitrogen, which alone can
be taken up by the roots of plants.
In the woods and on the prairies there
are numerous forms of leguminosae,
which help to keep up the balance re
quired. There are the wild, peas, the
beggar weeds, the vetches and their
relatives. On all of their roots are
the little nitrogen factories crowded
with workers. Man is able to assist
these laborers and make it possible
for them to increase their product.
This is a manufacture in which there
is not danger of over production.
Cow Peas and Velvet Beans.
On light soils especially cow peas
and velvet beans prove valuable as
fertilizers. They have- been experi
mented with long enough tor people
to be. certain that their use as green
manure is fully justified. Even where
crops of beans and peas are taken
off and the rest of the plants turned
under, the supply of nitrogen added
to the land has proven of immense
advantage to the succeeding crop. It
Is freely stated by experimenters that
any kind of cow pea will furnish
enough nitrogen to the soil to fully
meet the demands of any following
crop, that is, of the next year. In
some tests recently conducted, we
notice that the increased yield of the
corn crop following the plowing under
of cow peas and velvet beans was over
80 per cent When crops of velvet
beans and cow peas were gathered
and the hay was stored, the remain
der of the plant being plowed under,
the increase of corn was over 30 per
cent, of oats over 300 per cent, of
wheat over 200 per cent, and of sor
ghum hay over 50 per cent. The
plants that seem to utilize most the
fertility from these legumes, especial
ly on light land, are oats and wheat,
probably for the reason that these two
plants begin to cover the ground at
once and to send down rootlets that
catch the nitrogen that may be leach
ing out of the soil. The plants that
leave the land unoccupied for the
longest time are the ones that profit
least from the plowing under of the
rrevious legume crop.
. Crates for Fruit Packing.
In the gathering of fruit, especially
of fruits that bruise easily, like
peaches, pears and plums, it is. ad
visable to have a strongly built rigid
crate. Baskets are quite generally
used, and we see pictures of men
carrying bushel baskets heaped up,
holding them by the two handles.
This is considerel by the best packers
detrimental to the fniit, which should
be rubbed together as little as possi
ble. There is some "give" about ail
baskets, and a basket on the ground
full of apples does not retain its shape
entirely when lifted from the ground.
The apples are pushed together op
posite, the handles and are shifted
more or less in the other parts of tho
basket In a greater degree bags
cause the bruising of fniit. A two
bushel bag is filled and is generally
lifted by the middle. This forces
the apples very closely .together in
the two ends of the bag, and they
roll back again when the bag is set
down. One Michigan packing house
has made a picking crate that wil.'
hold a little more than a bushel. It
is rectangular and composed of slats.
Care is taken to have the slats on
the bottom close together, so that the
fruit will not project below the slats
and receive bruises when the crate
is set down. This crate will largely
take the place of the other receptacles
used in picking and delivering fruit.
Thrashing Broom Corn.
The removing of the seeds from
the brush is variously termed seed
ing, scraping, or thrashing. This is
accomplished by bringing the heads
in contact with a rapidly revolving
cylinder the surface of which is set
with teeth or spikes. A thrasher of
the kind now in general use in sec
tions growing much broom corn costs
from $150 to $200. Such a machine
with eighteen to twenty men to keep
it running steadily, can clean the
brush from 20 to 40 acres in a day.
The seed heads are not drawn entire
ly through the cylinders as in thrash
ing grain, but are held firmly and
evenly by means of a toothed belt
which carries an even stream of
brush in front of it and at an angle
with the cylinders, so that, beginning
at the top portion, the seed is removed
as the heads are carried farther and
farther between the cylinders. With
all the seed removed the belt deposits
the brush on a table at the other
end of the cylinders. The feeding
of the seed heads to the thrasher and
the removal of the cleaned brush and
storing it in the drying sbeds re
quires a force of twelve to fifteen men
(fig. 5). Bulletin 174, Department of
Agriculture.
Young Pigs.
Prof, R. S. Shaw says that In Mon
tana young pigs should have constant
access to forage grounds in the sum
mer season, and sheltered yards In the
winter. When four weeks old they
will take a little sweet skim milk
to which some shorts or middlings
may be gradually added, and later
some ground wheat A light grain
ration should be supplied the yotiDg
growing pig In addition to the forage
throughout the forage season but may
be entirely cut off as soon as the pigs
reach the pea or grain stubble fields.
During the winter season the shotes
should have access to stacked alfalfa,
clover, or peas, from which they will
secure a large amount of fcod. Sugar
beets should also he supplied.
j
In fcp "am nf tn-.-P HinmnT.rf,, ,' Hop
. .- v j- ... w . .-,-. ,.. iMvmaw Vfct 9
rank higher than hearts.
CjXMPfIP I
At Dusk.
Earth-mother dear. 1 tnrn. nt last,
A homesick child, to thee! j
The twilight glow in fadlutc fast, " "
And soon I shall be free
To neek the dwelling, dim and vast.
Where thou uwaltest me.
I am so weary, mother dear!
Thy child, of dual nice.
Who gazing past the starbeams clear.
Sought the Undying's face!
Now I but ask to know thee near.
To feel thy large embrace:
Tranquil to lie against thy breast
Deep source of voiceless springs.
Where hearts are healed, and wounds are
dressed.
And naught or sobs or sings:
Against thy breast to lie at rest
A life that folds its wings.
Sometime T may for who can tell?"
Awake, no longer tired.
And see the fields of asphodel.
The dreamed-of. the desired.
And mid the heights where He doth
dwell.
To whom my heart aspired!
And then but peace awaitcth me
Thy peace: I feel It near.
The hush, the voiceless mystery.
The languor without fear!
Enfold me close; I want but thee!
Bur thee. Earth-mother dear!
Florence Earl Coates, In Scribners
Magazine.
He Was a Good Jumper.
"Yes," said Peter Price of company
H, One Hundred and Twenty-fourth
Ohio, "I was a good jumper in the
army, but I never said I jumped a
river, as the boys reported. I was one
of Hazen's hellions, otherwise a mem
ber of Hazen's brigade of the Third
division of the Foarth corps. At New
Hope Church, Georgia, May 27. 1864,
Sherman sent Hazen against what he
supposed was the left wing of John
son's army in the air. Hazea struck,
however, Johnson's right wing at a
point where the line bent to conform
to the hills along Pumpkin Vine creek.
The rebel line was not in the air at
all, as we soon found out, but was
compact and ready for business.
"However, we marched to our left,
came in contact with Claiborne's
division, charged and drove the reb
els into their main works, where
they were re-enforced by Walker's
division. We could go no further, but
we held our position until the two
rebel divisions charged us. The bri
gade in retiring left our regiment
in an exposed position on the extreme
left, and we were soon cut off. The
boys fought like furies, and. checking
the rebel advance, made a dash for
the rear, the enemy following close.
I was late in starting, and the rebel
skirmishers were abreast of me when
I reached Pumpkin Vine Creek.
"As we came to the creek at a full
run it seemed to some of the boys
about sixty feet wide. To me it did
not appear more than six feet wide,
and I made the jump of my life, clear
ing the stream. Those wh didn't
jump were captured, but I went across
with a good deal of company. Before
this, in going down the hill I brought
up against a log and fell, head first,
over it. A rebel right at "my heels
struck at me with his musket and
ordered me to surrender. But I kept
up my rolling, tumbling performance
until I regained my feet, jumped the
creek, and. getting behind a tree,
gave my pursuer as good as he sent.
"I never think of that scramble and
jump but I am reminded of Sheridan's
remarks about Rosser's rebel cavalry
in the Shenandoah valley in 1864.
When they came down the valley
after Sheridan, Rosser's men wore
wreaths of laurel and ivy around their
hats. After they found Sheridan and
went scurrying up the valley, the
farmers suggested that they wear
pumpkin vines around their hats, be
cause they were good runners. At
Pumpkin Vine Creek I was a good
runner and a good jumper, and so I
live to tell the tale of that hot fight."
Chicago Inter Ocean.
Flag That Never Came Down.
"Surrender." was the message. "Go
back to your homes; I will cot have
one of these young men encounter one
more hazard, for my sake."
That night Richard Hunt fought out
his battle with himself, pacing to and
fro under the stars. Ho had strug
gled faithfully for what he believed.
still believed, and would, perhaps, al
ways believe, was right. He had
fought for the broadest ideal of, lib
erty as he understood it, for citizen,
state and nation. The appeal had
gone to the sword, and the verdict
was against him. He would accept it.
He would go home, take the oath of
allegiance, resume the law. and. as
an American citizen, do his duty. He
had no sense' of humiliation: he had
no apology to make, and would never
have he had done his duty. He feU
no bitterness, and had no fault to find
with his foes, who were brave and had
done their duty as they had seen it;
for he granted them the right to see
a different duty from what he had de
cided was his. And that was all.
Renfrew the Silent was waiting at
the smoldering fire. He neither looked
up nor made any comment when the
general spoke his determination. His
own face grew more sullen, an he
i cached his hand into his breast and
pulled from his faded jacket the tat
tered colors that he once had borne.
"These will never be lowered as
long as I live," he said, "nor after
wards if I can prevent It." And low
ered they never were. On a little Isl
and in the Pacific ocean this strange
soldier, after leaving his property and
his kindred forever, lived out his life
sniong the natives with this blood
stained remnant of the Stars and
Sars over his hut. and when he died
the flag was hung over his grave, and
above that grave to-day the tattered
emblem still sways in southern air.
John .Fox. Jr.. in Scribncr's.
Origin of "Fighting Joe."
Gen. Hooker's sobriquet of "Fight
ing Joy Hooker" is said by Sidney V.
Ixwell of Brooklyn to have originated
as follows: "I was reading proof on
the New York Courier and Enquirer
and had been at work from 7 o'clock
in the even'ng until ?. in the follow
ing morning. McCIellan had come
into contact v.ith .the confederate
forces and was pressing them back
toward Riohmoud. Onr press dis
patches from the front, written with
carbon on
. . - -. . I T2
luaniioiii sheets oi tissue
paper, told of desperate lighting ail
along McClellan's line. Among bis
corps commanders was (leu. Hooker
whose command had been periiap
too gravely engaged. Jut as the lat
page lorm of the Courier and En-
(juirer was made ready for the press
zuotiier dispatch came in from the
front, giving further particulars of the
figliting in which Hooker's corps was
ro desperately engaged and ccross the
Of the fllSpa'.CtJ as written
Kight'ng Joe Hooker." I knew that
) this line meant that tho matter sfcoutt
be added to what had gone before,
but the compositor who pat It ia type
knew nothing about about the preced
ing matter, consequently he set tho
phrase as a head line. 'Fighting Joe
Hooker.' Concluding that it made a
good headline I let it go. I realized
that if a few other proofreaders treat
ed the phrase as I did Hooker would
live and die as 'Fighting Joe Hooker.'
Enough additional proofreaders acted
likewise to do the business."
Relic From First Boll Run.
An interesting relic from the battle
field of first Bull Run was shipped
from Washington to the Michigan
state capitol at Lansing on the forty
second anniversary of that celebrated
engagement early In the Civil War.
The relic is a black log. properly pre
pared for preservation, which is
taken from a tree on the line of tho
extreme Union advance at Bull Run.
Attached to the log is a handsomely
engraved bronze plate reading: "Pre
sented to Maj. Gen. Orlando B. Will
cox, by Charles F. Joy. M. C. of St
Louis. Mo., and by Gen. Willcox to
the First Michigan Volunteers' Asso
ciation." Accompanying the log is a printed
placard for framing, which reads:
"This log is from the tree near tho
most advanced line of the Union army
at Bull Run. Va.. July 21, 1861, tc
which Gen. Orlando B. Willcox of Do
trolt, commanding the First Michigan
Volunteers, was brought severely
wounded. Near this tree Michigan
dead were found in tho extremo fed
eral advance. It was secured on tha
battlefield In tho presence of Gen
Willcox and Gen. Ira C. Ablwtt bj
Charles F. Joy, M. C of St. Louis
Mo., a nephew or James F. Joy. whe
with Gen. Lewis Cass and others,
equipped tho regiment." Boston
Journal.
Southern Cavalry Sabers.
"Speaking of cavalry." said the col
onel, "there was an incident of tho
fight between Sheridan's and Jeb Stu
art's cavalry at Hanover Courthouse
that made a great impression on me.
The Union and Confederate lines
crashed together in a charge, each
breaking through the other. A Union
cavalryman sitting his horse like a
statue struck at a Confederate as ho
passed. The latter swung clear aad.
rising, made a back cut, severing the
Union soldier's head from the IkmIj-.
So perfect was the cavalryman
poise, however, that the body retained
its erect position for five or six yards
and then toppled over.
"A Confederate officer, on my rcfer
ing to the incident after the war. ex
plained that in 1861 the .Black Horse
cavalry secured a number of fine
Spanish sabers from the government
arsenal at Harper's Ferry; that tho
men ground these until they were like
razors, and that as a result a good
many heads went off. The young Vir
ginians of the Black Horse cavalry
were good riders, having been trained
in tournaments, and in the service
they gave special attention to sword
exercises. They believed, at one
time, they were superior to any other
cavalry in the world, but learned by
experience that they were not." Chi
cago Inter Ocean.
Escaping Conscription.
Gen. Nelson A. Miles was talking
about some of the phases of the civil
war.
"One phase, he said, "was the fran
tic effort that some citizens made
to avoid the conscriptions. Hence
many swindles ensued, for the man
with a plan to defeat the conscriptions
could get money much more easily
than can the man to-day who has a
sure ytp on the races.
"There was one conscription fakir
who made thousands of dollars before
tho authorities restrained him. This
chap would send letters broadcast,
wherein he said he would communi
cate for $2 a sure means of escaping
the conscription. Letters, inclosing ?
notes poured in on him. aud in reply
to each letter he would send a printed
slip reading:
"'Join the nearest volunteer regi
ment.' "
Honors Her Veterans.
I. II. O'Neil. Overseer of Hudson
county, claims that New Jersey is not
behind her sister States in honoring
her veterans, dead or alive. He ha.:
the record, alphabetically arranged,
of 1,300 'eterans buried in eleven
cemeteries of Hudson county. N. J.
These names are also on the cemetery
books, with the names, company, regi
ment and organization of each. The
county has purchased three cemetery
lots in principal cemeteries at a cost
of $fi,.V)0. These lots measure GoxliO.
making 1.200 square feet in each, and
there is a tablet, made of aluminum,
three feet in height, in each plot,
which is inscribed with the beautiful
poem, "The Bivouac of the Dead."
Each plot has a flagpole fifty feet
high, and also a flower urn inscribed.
"Hudson County Soldiers and Sailors
Plot."
Gen. McClellan's Statue.
The commission appointed some
time ago to select a sculptor to design
c. statue of (Jen. George R. .McCIellan.
to be erected at Washington, has
chosen Frederick MacMonnies of :ewr
York City. Some weeks ago an ad
visory committee examined a number
of models submitted by competitors,
but failed to find a satisfactory de
sign, and the commission then decided
to intrust tho work to some Ameri
can artist who hail not been in any
way identified with the competition.
The result was t"e choice of Mr. Mac
Monnies. who has accepted the order.
The site for the statue will he prob
ably be chosen in tho reservation
south of the State Department.
Survivors of the Eighth Vermont
The recent doath at St. Paul. Minn,
of Col. Edward M. Bjrown made the
first break in the field and staff
officers of the famous 8th Vt. regi
ment. Gen. Stephen Thomas, its col
onel, are now living, as are Charles
1 f ! m noii f nhn I T)o rifr.t
uinmnam. 'j'. .... . .-iu,
adjutant, rred fc- Smith, quartrr
terma5tcr, .f. Elliott Smith and W. H.
Gilmore, quartermaster sergeants.
Shows Growth of Tobacco Habit.
An idea of the growth of the tobac
co habit may he had from the devel
opment of the business of the French
tobacco mcuopoly. The government
monopoly was established In 1810 and
n that year the receipts wore S4.32.";
1i. Last year the receipts were
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