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Matters in
IHIIIIIIlin
eTp"Fr"rsw
THE STATE IN A NUTSHELL.
The JohBSOB county democratic and
Mac- convention will be held In
Saturday, August 22.
At Mitchell. 8. D.. Nicholas Boeaea
mad both legs cut off by betas run
over by a Chicago. Milwaukee Jc St
Paal freight train.
The hardware store of J- W. Turner
at Beazer City was entered and the
aafe blown opea. There wan no. money
hi It and the cracksmen took nothing
fraai the stock of goods.
' Nlae miles southwest of Red Cloud
I Smith was shot and dangerously
wounded by Rudolph Ring, a young
'bub who had been working for Smith.
The quarrel was about the matter of
At a recent meeting of the execu
tive committee of the old settlers'
association of Pierce county It was
decided to hold the next meeting and
picnic at Plalnvlew on Saturday. Sep
tember 12.
The Cuming County Old Settlers'
association have set the date for their
' picnic and annual reunion for August
27i This is one of the gala days of
Cuming connty. July 4 and other na
tional holidays being made subservient
to H-
Grant Blackman, a prisoner brought
to Red Cloud from Kansas City for
having stolen I. W. Crary's horse and
buggy from Guide Rock the night of
July 3. escaped from the county jail
Thursday night and left town with
another horse and buggy belonging to
C. B. Crone.
J. 8. Wheeler, a farmer living south
west of Beatrice, reported to the po
lice that two of his horses had been
stolen from his pasture several days
ago. One horse belonging to Mr. Ipson.
who resides not far from Mr. Wheel
er's home, also was stolen. Nothing
has yet been learned as to the iden
tity of the thief.
When President Roosevelt made a
trip through Nebraska Mrs. Mary D.
Lydlck of Hartington presented him
with a silver mounted riding bridle.
Last week she sent him a photograph
of herself and husband, and she haa
received from the president's secre
tary a picture of the president, with
his compliments.
The secretory of the Hastiags re
nakm committee haa been officially
notlfed that the various railroads in
Nebraska have gotten together and
agreed upon giving a one fare from
all points in Nebraska to Hastings
daring the state Grand Army reunion,
which will be held there from August
31 to September 5.
The f ght over the re-location of the
school house In district No. 72 of
Bodge county has finally been ami
cably settled out of court. The par
ties finally agreed to leave It to Su
perintendent Arnot to decide the cen
ter of the district and he located it at
a point about half a mile from where
the movers left it.
Peter Bverland of Murdock. vice
president of- the Murdock Grain and
Klevator company, called at the ofilce
of the secretary of state to arrange
for the Incorporation of his company
with a large capital stock. The Rock
Island railroad, according to Mr. Ever
land. has declined to grant an elevator
atte under the terms of the Ramsey
Mil.
CLINTON. Miss Carrie Knapp of
Le Claire, a few miles below here,
met death in a singular way Sunday
night. While in the church the hang
ing lamp fell in her lap. set fire to
her clothes and burned her body to
a crisp.
Mrs. S. L. Hayward of Nebraska
City swallowed two silver half dol
lars and the physicians were unable
to locate them. She held them in her
mouth while she lay down to take a
nap and on being awakened rather
suddenly swallowed them. An X-ray
picture was made, but even then the
money waa not located. The physi
cians are at a loss what to do.
Governor Mickey, talking on crop
conditions, said: "My judgment is
that the big increase 'in the central
and western parts of the state will
make up or the alight decrease. in
the eastern portion. Nebraska. I be
lieve, will have a big crop. In my
trip up the Denver line of the Bur
lington 1 found an immense crop of
wheat aad the yield averaging up near
ly all the way from ten to forty bush
els to The acm
Dr. C. J. Bayer, a representative of
the Nebraska society for the suppres
sion of disease and degeneracy, was
la Plattsmouth securing signatures
of medical petitioners and others to
a petition which with a law will be
submitted nt the next session of the
legislature. The proposed bill will
provide for an education of marriage
able persons, to teach them how to
avoid producing degenerate organisms
tn their progeny.
Two Lutheran organizations will
build churches at Pierce.
The program for the big two days
street fair at Sterling. August 19-20. Is
now complete. The first day will be
republican day and Hon C. F. Reavis
will speak; the second day will be
democratic day and Hon. G. M. Hitch
cock win address the people.
James Frazee. a member of the First
Nebraska, died at his home la Barada
and the funeral services were attend
ed by his comrades. He returned
from the Philippines in poor health
and a complication of diseasea with
consumption finally proved fatal.
Connty Superintendent C. W. Henry
of Clay county in his annual report
states that two districts of his county
are without school houses, both build
saga haxiag been destroyed by storm.
One of the houses will he rebuilt with
funds derived from Insurance, but the
other will not he rebuilt.
The high water mark waa reached
for the price of land in Platte county
Hat weak whan John Ahrena sold his
eighty-acre farm in Bismarck town
naantoGfraartLsaekaforlS.CM.jait 71 par
I
Nebraska.
TTtlTTTlHtTltl
WILL GO AFTER RAILROAD.
Suit far Reimbursement for
T.duca-
tionaj Lands.
Land Commissioner Follmen is pre
paring to secure evidence frond the
state records as a basis of a suit
which he proposes to begin against
the various railroads of the state to
compel reimbursement for the educa
tional lands they have taken for right
of way. The amonnt that may be re
covered will probably, run up to a
large figure.
In every township in the state two
sections have been set apart for
school purposes. These are sections
38 and 18. Where the railroad con
struots a road through an entire sec
tion from twenty to thirty acres (of
land is taken, varying with the direc
tion which the road takes. Nearly
.000 miles of road have been, con
structed la the state by the various
railroads, and with the exception of
the first track of the Union, Pacific,
the roads run through schoclsections.
In the case of the main Itae or the
Union Pacific, which was constructed
before the state was admitted into
the union, the state haa the right to
claim the lands elsewhere for the
laada that were taken out of sections
16 and 36 for the railway, righto of
way. The amount of land which wai
lost to the state because of the con
struction of this road has never been
computed. This is one of the tasks
which Mr. Fcllmer has outlined for
his busy workers.
SHE IS NO DISTURBER,
To
Prove It Viola Barnell Sues for.
$5000 Damages.
LINCOLN Because a member of
the firm, she alleges. Inserted the
words in her recommendation, "We
have found her a disturber among
help' Viola A. Barnell of 220 South
Twentieth street wants damages from
Tale brothers, laundrvmen, to the
amount of $5,000.
She was a storcher employed by
the firm and when she got ready to
leave she asked for a recommenda
tion, which waa given her with the
objectionable clause inserted. This
haa been the cause of her Inability to
obtain employment in any of the
laundries of the city, she says, hence
the suit.
MORTALITY OF LIVE STOCK.
Record
ef Deaths lor Fiscal Years
1903 and 102.
LINCOLN The following table of
deaths of live stock for the year end
ing March 1, 1903. haa been prepared
by Labor Commissioner Bush:
1903. 1902.
Cattle 93J559 84.72$
Hogs 211.170 199.645
Sheep 17,829 10.245-
Horses and mules... 16.SS6 18.735
The largest losses in cattle were in
Custer county, where 4,253 died, and
Cuming county lost over 21.000 hogs.
Deuel county heads the list for ahedja
losses, with over 2,700, and 8herldaa
county lost 569 horses.
. The Edgar Canning company haa
just received another large consign
ment of cans and is now ready to take
care of its large crop of sweet corn.
Heavy Merteafe ia Filed.
PAPILLION A $3,000,000 mort
gage was filed in the county clerks
ofilce here by the gmaha & Council
Bluffs Street Railway company. This
mortgage is given tn favor of the
Central Trust company of New York
and covers fifty-three pages of the
records. A recording fee of $20.21
was received.
PROHIBITIONISTS OF NEBRASKA.
Ticket Named at the Lincoln
City
Convention.
LINCOLN Samuel Lichty of Falls
City officiated as chairman of the pro
hibition state convention held at St.
Paul's church. The following ticket
waa named:
Supreme judge. Rev. George L
Wright of York.
"University regents. C. A. Barker,
Lincoln; R. W. Muir, Brownville.
The state chairman will be W. Bert
Clark of Ashland, with Mrs. Frances
A. Beveridge of Fremont secretary
and treasurer. Nearly $1,000 was
raised for campaign purposes.
ad Fire Sweepa Peru.
PERU Fire, which started in U. C.
Meyers' new house, completely de
stroyed it and also Hammond Bros'.,
on the south, while W. Bostder's place
on the north was saved only from
the same fate by the heroic efforts of
neighbors, it-being far from fire pro
tection. The fire is a mystery, but is
supposed to have been caused by
spontaneous combustion. The losses
are fairly covered by insurance.
Samples af Spurious Vinegar.
Secretary Thompson of the State
Food commission is making the
rounds of the state in quest of viola
tions of the pure food laws, his en
ergies being chiefly directed toward
ferreting out dealers who sell spurious
or adulterated viaegar. Already State
Chemist Nelson, who Is in charge of
food commission "headquarters during
the absence of his chief, haa received
by express several samples of que
tionable vinegar.
Yield ef Wheat.
BEATRICE George Wilkinson,
who lives six miles northeast of Be
atrice, threshed his wheat and from
thirty-two acres the yield waa 640
bushels, aa average of twenty bushels
per acre.
Diaen County OM Settlera Roenien.
ATXEN The aaaaal reunion aad
old settlers' plage of Dixon county
win be held at Allea.. August 25. Prom
inent state aaaaj-an win ha
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Cultivation of Soil.
Cultivation la probably the most Im
portant feature connected with the
headlamp; of soils. Nature haa placed
-arte quantities of plant food in our
oils, aad It depends upon our skill
ad knowledge how far we can make
as of aai work this mine for the
benefit of oar crops. Cultivation. Is
rltaL and the subject la so wide that
one scarcely knowa where to begin.
Por spring gralna I try to plow in the
htU. When the furrows are well and
evenly set up and are frozen, and
whan the frost comes oat, fertilization
takes place aad the soil Is left In a
3ae, granulans condition. Plant food
5a liberated and a warm seed bed is
formed. When plowing for spring
iraln is left until the spring, our
teams are plowing; when they should
be surface cultivating, and drilling in
ihe need. Every day's delay In get
Una; la grain after the soil la dry
enough to work meaaa fewer bushels
at threshing time. Soil plowed in
the spring, too. Is colder on the sur
face than that plowed ia the fall,
which iavolves slower germination
tad vegetation. As to the proper
iepth to plow, it seems to ma that Is
a question which each farmer must
leclde for himself, according to his
wn soil, conditions and crop require
ments. If the soil of a given field Is
Jeep, say ten or twelve Inches, and
that field were plowed in the fall for
taring grain. I would try to plow it
about sevea laches deep. But if by
tome mischance that field were not
plowed until the spring I would plow
!t lighter, as the deeper the plowing
the colder the surface turned up. If
hat field were plowed In the fall for
aaagela, I would try for about eight
Inches. But if the surface soil of this
leld is only six or seven Inches deep.
I would try to plow it only five or six
Inches deep. In other words, the
lepth of the soil, the time of plowing
and the nature of the crop grown are
all factora In determining how deep
to plow. I do not wish to bring any
lubsoil to the surface If 1 can avoid
it. Sometimes, however, the surface
toil Is so shallow that some of the
subsoil must necessarily be brought
to the surface in plowing. If I have
a deep soil I want to give the roots
af the plants liberal feeding grounds.
sacaues they will, if allowed, strike
Iowa deeply. Aa to the question of
freqaeacr of plowing. It appears to ma
that that also depends upon soils aad
clrcamatances. Heavy, compact soils
require more plowing than lighter
oaee. Such soils tend to get hard
and bake aad become Inert, aad hence
require the plow to open them and Im
prove their mechanical condition. The
plow, too, la the surest and quickest
way to destroy many aorta of weeds.
Where the land Is clean and the soil
will permit it, surface cultivation with
a disc or spring 'tooth' often forms a
better seed-bed than the use of the
plow. A. W. Peart.
!
Hog Pasture.
It Is not aafe or even desirable to
reb upon a single crop to furnish pas
ture for our hogs throughout the en
tire season. It Is better to arrange for
a succession of pastures from the be
Sinlna; of the season until the hogs
are ready for market, making the feed
richer and more concentrated toward
the close of the season, and as we ap
proach the finishing of fattening pe
riod. For this purpose the following
:rope are recommended: Red clover
or alfalfa, rape, cowpeas. soy beans.
Oa laada adapted to alfalfa it will
undoubtedly prove to be better for
hoge than red clover, inasmuch as it
will produce a larger quantity of feed
of a somewhat higher value. Inas
much aa we have not yet learned to
grow alfalfa successfully on the ma
jority of our upland clay soils, we
shall be forced to rely chiefly upon
slover. It starts earlier in the spring
than any hog pasture we have except
ing alfalfa, aad would therefore be
used first, and should be used as long
as It la succulent and palatable. Usu
ally aot later than the middle of June
the crop win have become so mature
that the hogs will relish a change for
the time beiag, and the surplus clover
should be cut and removed, so as to
allow the second or fall crop to start
promptly. Report Missouri State
Board of Agriculture.
Condition af Foreign Crops.
Accordlag to reports received by the
Department of Agriculture relative to
the coaditioB of European crops July
tat. In Russia the cereal crop prospects
have considerably improved even in
rontons where conditions at the be
gtoalag of spring were unfavorable. In
Germany there has been great Im
provement In all the winter cereals,
aartlelarly rye. In Austria only a
goad medium harvest of spring sown
crone is to be expected. Hungary's
output will fall considerably below
that of 1902, the deficleacy in the case
af wheat being 15 per cent Most
of the Bulgariaa crops are In good con
ditio. Storms and floods have serious
ly damaged crops and vineyards In
Italy. In France the winter wheat
area ia estimated to be 681,724 acres
lean than la 1902. Wheat and other
crope aaad marked Improvement dur
ing Jane aad aow look well. Reports
from Denmark are generally favorable.
Great Britain's wheat crop is late and
will hardly equal the average yield.
The total wheat crop which India har
vested thla spring has been estimated
at 290,261.104 bushels against 226,370.
$99 la 1902.
Pollination of Apples.
From the Farmers' Review: In your
tome of June 17th I read an article on
the polltaatloa of apples. I agree
with you ia this matter, first. last and
all the time. Oa my farm I have an
orchard of 140 trees, which have been
a great pleasure and quite a profit I
have In dose proximity White Pippin,
Jonathan, Rambo, 8now, Tallman
Sweet, Ben Davis, Virginia Blush,
Walker Sweet, Janet, Maiden Blush,
Strawberry, Fulton. Tetofaky. Duchess
of Oldenburg, Red Astracban, Milan,
Roman Stem, Jersey Sweet and Kes
wick Codling. I find this gives cross
polllnation and good crops of fine
fruit A. T. Evans. Knox County, I1U
mote. "In-and-in breeding" means mating
animals that are closely related to
one another. This practice of fam-'
ily breeding is not carried oa to the
extent it waa at one time, but t is
stin done. It is no doubt the quick
eat way of establishing a uniform
read of animals, but it la often at
tended by a lack of size aad const!-
"OtUn- to a tarn of tea applied to the
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Sap Sprouts.
A year ago. Professor E. 8. Goff. la
an address before the Wisconsin Hor
ticultural Society, said:
I wish to relate an incident that oc
curred when I was a boy. I did aot
understand it then as I do now, though
I remember the fact My father had
a Golden Russet tree in his orchard.
It was aa old tree and bore very pro
fusely, but the apples were very
small. By an accident the limbs oa
that tree were broken down oa oae
aide, so that we had left oaly three
or four branches that did not extend
vertically, but extended more or less
at aa angle on the other aide, leav
ing the side on which the limbs broke
without any branches. This tree start
ed up some very vigorous sap sprouts,
we would call them, on the side where
the breaking occurred, and these grew
four or five feet the first season, and
they were nearly an inch through at
the .base. They were very vigorous
and strong shoots. Next spring I ex
pected these new shoots were going
to bear fruit and when I found they
did not blossom, I waa disappointed.
Next year they did not bear fruit;
they kept right on growing, and I won
dered when they were going to bear.
But the third year these new sprouts
bore such russets aa I never saw be
fore they were double the size of
those that grew on the old limbs., We.
have been taught that we .should cut
off sap sprouts, and yet I expect the
sap sprouts are nature's efforts to
renew the bearing wood of the tree,
and if we allow the sap sprouts to
grow in some cases and remove some,
of the old feeble limbs, we could have
new apple trees, so far as the ability
to produce new fruit is concerned. I
am aware that this is rather a new
doctrine, but I believe there is some
common sense behind it I do not
claim, as I said, to have settled this
problem, and there is another prob
lem suggested by this twig thai I con
fess that I need help on.' What shall
we do with a twig that grows like
that and does not make a fruit spur?
Is 'there any way that we can .prune
that to make it bear fruit spurs? This
is one of the things I am studying on.
You will notice here that the buds
have started, but the growth seems to
have continued, they have all grown
long and slender and weakly, but
there Is no aign of fruit bud. It Is a
seedling, but we have trees In our
orchard of named varieties .hat grow
Ilka this. .
Bitter Rot of Apples.
There is a disease of apples that an
nually renders unsalable large quanti
tlea of thla fruit The germs of this
disease pass the winter on decayed
fruit or on the limbs of the tree. When
weather conditions are right the
spread of the bitter rot (or ripe rot
as it Is called in some places) is very
rapid. Fortunately Its attacks are not
common, else apple growing would be
a feat far more difficult than at pres
ent The disease usualy manifests It
self during July and August though In
some years it has been noticed aa
early as June. It is so distinct In its
characteristics that It is easily recog
nized when once it has been met with
and noticed. Each decaying spot
spreads uniformly from a single center
of infection and small black pustules
appear on the surface of the decayed
spots. Under the decayed surface the
fruit is of a spongy character, brown
ish in color, very bitter to the taste,
and forms a cone-shaped area with
the apex towards the core of the apple.
F. W. Faurot says that if the pustules
on the decayed surface be examined
closely it will be seen that pink col
ored stringy masses are exuding from
them. This exudation is composed of
countless numbers of minute spores
cemented together, and which are dis
tributed by various agents throughout
the tree, snd from tree to tree. Spray
ing with Bordeaux mixture Is one of
the means of keeping the disease in
check and of saving the apple crop.
Perfect sanitary conditions in the or
chard will do much to prevent the
spread of this pest
t!
Fruit Notes. (
Tennessee The tomato crop is very
large, and the shipments from some
points have been the largest on record.
Indications point to good crops of ap
ples and grapes.
Kentucky The gardens are getting
dry and need rain. Apples are drop
ping badly in some localities, due to
the hot weather. Blackberries are an
immense crop.
Michigan Prospects are good for
the apple crop.
Wisconsin The gardens are in ex
cellent condition. Raspberries are
yielding well. Plums and apples are
abundant, though much dropping is re
ported. .
Missouri Some reports are received
of apples dropping, but such reports
are not general. Blackberries are
ripening, but the hot weather is drying
them up on the bushes.
Indiana Heat and drouth are hav
ing a bad effect on the blackberries.
There are still prospects for a fair
apple crop.
Iowa Apples are doing well, though
the wind storms In the northern part
of the state have shakes down many.
Illinois The crop of blackberries Is
unusually large, though lack of rain
has shortened the crop in some locali
ties. Apples wil be a' short crop, tak
ing the state as a whole. The plum
crop is fairly good.
Grooming the Herd.
After the cattle have had their bay
in the morning they are cleaned up for
the day. We use good stiff root brasher
for the purpose and the curry comb is
brought into requisition when neces
sary. The cows enjoy this brushing
and stand perfectly still, frequently
stopping their eating during the opera
tion. Some authorities claim that brush
ing stimulates the circulation, thereby
increasing the milk flow. Whether ot
not this is so, I do aot' know. That a
clean row of cows Is more attractive
aad pleasing to the eye, there Is nc
doubt Besides thla, can you tell me
of anything more repulsive than milk
lag vile smelling, filthy cows? If th6
custom of cleaning cows waa more gen
era! among farmers, the batter mak
ers and creamery men throughout the
country would have much less trouble
in producing a first class article. D.
W. Howie.
A plain bull whose ancestory have
been good specimens of the breed will
usually produce much better atock
than a good-looking bull derived from
Inferior stock.
Unless a man takes a keea tatoreet
in horses, and baa had a good deal
of experleace, he will rarely make
successful breeder.
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Blackleg Vaccine.
The preparation of blackleg vaccine
is a very simple matter aad also Inez
pensive, saya the State Veteriaariaa
of Missouri. The diseased muscles
are taken from the carcase of the
calf -which dies of blackleg and the
germs contained thereto are attenu
ated (weakened) by being heated la
an oven. Of coarse' there are a num
ber of prellmlnariee such as chop
ping up the freshly obtained muscle,
etc but the principal point In the
process of making' vaccine is the at
tenuation of the virus by prolonged
exposure to a well-regulated heat
The heat ahould be sufficient to weak
en the germs, but not enough to en
tirely destroy their vitality. . The
germs which are contained in the dis
eased muscles aa first obtained pos
sess fall vlraleace and If injected un
weakened will reproduce the disease
la all its vigor and kill the animal.
The heating Is done by means of an
oven In which the temperature can be
accurately regulated. If the heat la
too great the germs are aU killed aad
the resulting vaccine is worthless. It
would do no more good to use vaccine
that had been over-heated than to use
water. Oa the other hand. If the
vaccine is not heated hot enough, the
germs are left with too much viru
lence. The vaccination with vaccine
that .haa not been heated hot enough
often produces typical cases of black
leg. Calves vaccinated with the over
heated sort are. just as liable to con
tract blackleg after vaccination aa be
fore. These facts account for the had
results that sometimes follow the use
of vaccine. The use of old vaccine
that haa been prepared too long is
not advisable. When any vaccine has
been on hand for three months it
should be returned to the manufac
turer and exchanged for a new supply.
Certain Influences may modify the vir
ulence of the germs of the vaccine
that Is kept on hand too long. The
preparation of the vaccine should be
left to the most careful hands and
cattlemen ahould avoid purchasing
this material from irresponsible par
ties. Every package of vaccine should
bear the date of its preparation and
It Is a good rule to avoid the use of
any vaccine over three months old.
Almost any vaccine firm will exchange
new for old vaccine, but unlesa the
packages are dated the returned, out-of-date
packages may be reissued by
the firm to tome other purchasers.
Treating Bleated Sheen.
The bloating of sheep is treated of
In a bulletin of the Indiana experi
ment station. In part It saya: Pre
ventive measures are important A
change to a succulent diet should be
made gradually; musty grains, fod
ders, roots and frosted foods should
not be fed to sheep. It is not best to
allow a flock to graze In clover or eat
any succulent food if wet with dew
or light rain. The gas can be removed
very quickly by puncturing the rumen
with the trocar and canula. The seat
of the operation is on the most promi
nent portion of the left flank. A
small sized trocar and canula should
be used, and to guard against Infec
tion it should be sterilized before
using and the skin over the seat of
the puncture washed with a disinfect
ant The instrument is then plunged
through the walls of the abdomen and
rumen, the trocar withdrawn and the
gas allowed to escape. Before with
drawing the canula the trocar ahould
be replaced. It la always best after
using the instrument to boil it In
water. This will Insure a clean instru
ment when needed. When a number
of sheep in the fiock are affected and
there is a running stream In the pas
ture, it is best to drive them into it
The cold water coming In contact with
the wall of the abdomen may stimu
late the movement of the rumen and
the gas will be then worked off by the
natural passages. Dipping them into
water will have the same effect To
prevent further fermentation, a table-
spoonful of turpentine can be given In
three or four ounces of linseed oil.
The following receipt is useful; glau
ber salts (half an ounce), powdered
gentian (one dram), aromatic spirits
of ammonia (two drams), water (six
ounces) ; mix aad give as a drench.
Cow Peaa and Soy Beans.
Many farmers In Illinois, especially
in the central and northern sections
of the state are not familiar with the
cow pea and soy bean. In some parts
of southern Illinois cow peas are
grown extensively, and where the
value of this crop is known it .consti
tutes one of the chief forage crops.
Soy beans are of more recent intro
duction, and this crop is not so well
known as cow peas. In some cases
farmers have given one or both of
these crops a trial, but through the
use of varieties aot adapted to their
climate, unsatisfactory results have
been obtained, and consequently they
have pronounced these plants un
suited to Illinois conditions. Others
have been more successful In their
growth, and find them worthy of a
prominent place in the rotation. As a
matter of fact both crops have been
grown in this state long enough aad
to such an extent that they have
passed beyond the purely experiment
al stage, and in places they are al
ready considered as Important factora
in Illinois agriculture.
The cow pea ia a native of south
eastera China, aad the soy bean of
Japan. Being aemitropical in origin,
both plants are naturally best suited
to a warm climate, and the Introduc
tion and cultivation of the cow pea
in America haa been largely limited
to the South, although la recent years
certain varieties have become so ac
climated aa to mature In the latitude
of Michigan, Wisconsin and Minne
sota. The soy bean has been grown
farther north since its introduction,
consequently there Is no question as
to the adaptability of both crops to
the soil and climate of Illinois. How
ever, there are varieties grown In the
south which are not suitable for this
state, and will not mature if planted
here. One of the first essentials In
the successful culture of these crops,
therefore, la the selection of varieties
adapted to the conditions of climate
aad soil. Circular, 69, IUiaois Agri
cultural College.
Butter aa Fuel.
The first Instance of where butter
haa been used for fuel that we have
heard of is reported from the Edge
wood creamery In biskiyon county.
CaUforaia. A fire. broke out la the
neighborhood of the creamery that
threateaed the plant -which -wee only
aaved by hastily getting up steam to
operate the pomp. Thla waa done by
tarowtog sixty pounds ot butter lato
the bailer, which resulted la getting
the pump ia motioa by means of which
the fiamee were extinguished. Dairy
and Produce Review.
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. Imparted Cattle Impreved.
Dairy cattle constitute the foundation
and all-Important factor of the Indus
try. We have aa dairy cattle of our
own la America; we have adopted
those orlgtaated la aad brought from
other countries. Even our "native"
or "common- stock or "scrubs' are
hut moagrels of the breeds of another
coatlaeat It to impossible to esti
mate the debt of the dairy farmers
of this country to the breeders of Ayr
shires and Guernseys aad Holstela
Frlealaaa aad Jerseys ia their aative
wads. These are the four races ot
cattle upon which malaly rest the
present and future prosperity aad
progress ot dairying in America. Yet
we must not forget to note the blood
of the good old milking atrataa of
Shorthoraa aa an excellent foundatioa
upon which to build up profitable dairy
herda. It ia aeedless to enlarge upon
the good qualities and characteristics
of these distinctively dairy breeds, but
It Is worth aotlBg that all of them
have improved upon our heads. It
may not be that the average quality of
any of these breeds aa they now exist
in the United States is above the aver
age of the same race upon Its aative
pastures, but in nil of them there are
now on this coatlaeat animals super
ior to the best oa the other side of
the Atlantic. The breeding and man
agement have been so good here that
the cowa Imported and their deacend
anta have made tadisputable records
aa dairy performers, excelling any
known ia the countries from which
they came. Personal observation haa
convinced as that we now have dairy
cattla ia the United States so good
that nothing can be galaed beyond the
fancy or satisfaction In new blood by
further importations from Ayrshire or
any part of Great Britain, the Channel
Islands, or the Netherlands. Henry
E. Alvord.
Labels on Feed Products.
A report from Washington saya that
the Department ot Agriculture ia tak
ing steps to enforce the law relative
to the sale of mlsbranded articles of
food when they are seat from oae state
to another. The law provides that la
each case where a coavictioa Is ob
tained for the violation of tats taw the
culprit shall be fined not less than
$500 nor more than $1,000 for each
offense. The abuse of labels haa heea
very great aad widespread. "Imported
sardiaea" come from factories on the
coast of Maine; Imported "French
wines" never m saw France. "New
York full cream cheese" la made la
the west from partly skimmed milk,
and so on. Even Elgin butter la made
In nearly all parta of the North. How
effectively the law can be enforced
we have yet to see; aad oace eaforced
we do aot know that it will stop the
fraud la this particular. It will be
perfectly easy for every wholesaler to
keep a set of stencils and brand" the
food articles aa wanted. This method
of evadiag the law h;.i been prac
ticed for generations. Many grocery
men now keep numerous atenclia for
their fiour barrel heads, and mark
them aa their customers are likely to
desire. This Is common practice in
the case of a great aumber of foods,
especially such articles of food aa core
starch.
Dairy at Illinois State Fair.
The Illinois state fair dairy exhibit
Is to have a building ot its own. This
Is very gratifyiag to the dairymen of
the state, who have felt for some years
that Illinois waa behind some of her
sister states In this matter. The build
ing ia to be 160 feet long and 66 feet
wide. It will be erected on the spot
formerly occupied by the Woman'a
Building, which waa burned two years
ago. The material used Is to consist
of brick, with stone for trimmings.
According to the architectural prom
ise, the bulldlag la to be one of the
most artistic on the grounds. The
structure Is to be 22 feet high,
with only a main fioor. In the
middle of thla will be the of
fices, and around will be ranged
the exhibit A working dairy is to
occupy part of the apace and will be
in operation for a short period every
day during the continuance of the
fair.
I
Broom Corn,
corn belongs to
uroom corn oeiongs to tne grass
family and to the same species as do
common sorghum and Kaffir corn aad
Jerusalem corn, grown for forage and
for grain. It differs from nil other
plants of the same species la having
panicles or seed heads with much
longer, stralghter and stronger
branches or straws. This difference,
wherein lies the value of the plant,
haa been produced by the selection of
seed from plants possessing these
characteristics to a great degree. It
la for the aeed heads, which are used
in the manufacture of brooms, that the
plant Is cultivated.
Relative to broom corn, a bulletin of
the department of agriculture saya:
Broom corn Is divided Into two groups,
known as standard and dwarf. The
standard type grown to a height of 10
to 15 feet and produces brush from IS
to 2$ Inches long. The brush of this
type is used in making medium-sized
and large-sized brooms, such as are
knowa aa carpet brooms nnd ware
house and stable brooms. Dwarf broom
corn grows from four to six feet high,
haa a large amount of foliage and pro
duces n fine brush from 10 to 18
laches or mora In length. In making
large brooms dwarf broom core ia aot
aa good aa standard, because the
straws are weaker and less elastic. On
the other hand, dwarf broom corn if
far superior to the other for makins
small hearth brooms, whisk brooau
aad the like. It is a mistake too often
made for growers of dwarf broom core
to attempt to compete with growers ol
standard in length of brush. Dwarl
broom com, well suited to the making
of fine clothes brooms, commands the
highest price on the market For this
purpose straw should be fine, straight
tough, elastic, of n uniform green
color without red tints, and from 10 tc
12 Inches long. With the dwarf for
the head does not grow out free from
the sheath of the upper leaf, but is ia
closed In what Is termed by the grow
ers the boot Heada of standard broam
corn are not thus inclosed, and thit
difference, together with the difference
in height of the two types, has led tc
different methods of harvesting.
A man who breeds without s
definite object, or without holding it
his mind's eye an Ideal animal and
trying hie best to produce such an
imala, will usually meet with unaatif
factory results.
Some men find it hard work to liv
up to their reputations, and otaere
find It equally hard to live theirs down,
Philadelphia Record.
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CAMPFmE I
I TALES I
The Man Who Tried to Please.
Once on a time there was a an who
never made mistakes.
And all the people stared at him and mid.
"For pitr' aakes.
It must be Very nice to flad one's life a
grand sweet sons:
To be so very proper that you never can
go wroag."
Bat soon be grew so lonely that he knew
not what to do.
For conversation always ceased whea he
came li:to view:
His most surpassing qualities each prais
ed with all his heart;
But each seemed quite relieved whea he
was ready to depart
So be bought himself a parrot the
project caused him pain.
And studiously set to work and learned
a word prof arte:
Aad still he wasn't happy, for the gos
sips raised a fuss.
And said. -Ain't he deceitful! Why. he's
human, just like us!"
First Treeae In Richmond.
Writing of the controversy regard
ing the first union troops in Rich
mond, W. L. Goodrich, n veteran, re
siding at Ossining. N. Y., says:
The Army of the James at that time
had been divided. Part of it had gone
across the river to Grant, aad the rest
of it. Devias's division of the Twenty
fourth Corps (white) nnd Kautz's di
vision of the Twenty-fifth Corps (col
ored) composing the Army of the
James, commaaded by Major Gen.
Weltzel. occupied Richmond.
I waa Assistant Adjutant General of
that command, and had in charge the
details of the movemeat on and occu
pation of Richmond that morniag.
Lieut De Peyster mentioned in this
clipping was not an officer on Gen.
Weitzel'a staff, except perhaps tech
nically; he was the personal nide to
Gen. Shipley, chief of staff of the
Twenty-fifth Corps, and while it was
understood at the time that after we
had entered Richmond he did fasten a
small flag to the dome of the Capitol,
it in no sense indicated priority of get
ting in or excessive activity after
ward. Most officers attached to head
quarters that morning had their haada
full of much more Important matters.
As to the claim made in behalf of the
Ninety-eighth New York in thla clip
pingof being the first to enter Rich
mondit is hardly a matter of mo
ment at this late day. There waa
"glory enough for nil." but as a matter
of fact, the first troops to eater Rich
mond was a small detachmeat of
Massachusetts cavalry, our headquar
ters' guard, commanded by Major Ste
veaa of our staff, which waa ia the
city and nt the Capitol building before
daylight that morning, but did not re
mainmerely a scouting party. By
wire to Gen. Devlns and personally to
Gen. Kautz. whose headquarters were
near our own, orders were given about
4 o'clock in the morning for the troops
to march at 6 o'clock. After passiag
through the works we approached the
bridge at Rocketts, the city limits of
Richmond, and by direction of Gen.
Weltzel I remained oa this bridge to
direct the disposition of the troops aa
they arrived.
Kautz, with his colored division,
having the shortest line of march, ar
rived at the bridge first, and his lead
lag regiment was the first organized
body of troops to enter Richmond.
Directly after crossing this stream at
Rocketts the colored troops were de
flected to the right, aad did not enter
the city proper, bat were distributed
along the line of the inner defenses.
It was not deemed advisable to let
them go through the central part of
the city proper, but were distributed
tion.
The first white regiment that en
tered was sent to disperse a mob that
was burning and looting on Mala
street in the city, and quite likely this
was the Ninety-eighth New York, and
well they did the work assigned them,
but the colored troops had already
gone ahead of them.
Capt Chase's Pension.
"A reference to Gen. Black." said
Comrade Parker, "reminds me of a
story of Capt. J. F. Chase, who re
ceived forty-eight wounds nt the bat
tle of Gettysburg. Chase was struck
by a charge of grape shot, forty-eight
of the shot going Into the upper part
of the body. He was picked up on the
field and carried to the iK-spital, but
his case was regarded as hopeless.
Three or four days later the surgeons,
noticing that there was life in the
poor riddled body, exerted thmselves
and saved Chase's life. His right
arm was shot off, his left eye was
destroyed, several ribs were cut in
two. aad the surgeons did not pretend
to count bullet holes.
"In addition to this record at Get
tysburg. Chase distinguished himself
on other occasions and received two
medals for bravery. He was given a
pension of $40 a month. But on one
occasion he met a Congressman from
his old district in Maine, who insisted
that $40 a month was not enough and
promised to have it Incresaed. The
Congressman brought the case to the
attention of the pension committee,
and Gen. Black, then a member of the
committee, remarked, 'Well, I guess
we will have to raise his peasion to
$50 a month.' 'Hell!' said the Maine
Congressman. 'Why, Black, what are
you talking about? You are getting
$100 a month and $5,000 a year he-
aides. We will give him the limit.
$72 a month, and not a cent less.'
"Black agreed that Chase was ia a
worse condition than himself, and the
committee made a unanimous report
In favor of the larger pension. The
bill went through both Houses with a
rush. President Cleveland signed it,
and since that time Chase has re
ceived the full pension of $72 n month.
In spite of his wounds, he married
after returning from the war, and a
few years ago. whea I visited him in
Florida, he had two stalwart sons and
three handsome, active girls. In fact,
he seemed to be doing as well ia busi
ness and to be as happy in his family
as most men who carry no scars and
who have full use of arms and legs."
Chicago Inter Ocean.
Devin's Division and Richmond.
Writing to the New York Times I
Charles Braden of Highland Falls. N.
Y., says:
In your 8unday paper of the 7th
inst. a correspondit while writing
rom Ossining. mentions Devin's divi
sion of the Twenty-fourth corps as
among the first Union troops to enter
Richmond April 3. 1865. The writer
is In error. a there was no "De
vin's division" in this corps. Devin's
division was a cavalry command. It
was the First division of the Cavalry
corps commanded by Merritt. When
Richmond was entered on the morn
ing of April 3. Devin's division waa
many miles away, operating under
Sheridan against the retreating Coa
federates. Oa the first of April it had
fought aad greatly distinguished itself
a. Five Forks.
The writer of the taterestiBg article
above meatloned evtdeatly intended to
say "Devea'a division," which waa the
Third division ef the Twenty-fourth
corps. Army of the James.
Maay writers oa the war have
mixed the Barnes of Deveas, Devla and
Divea. Deveas waa from Massachu
setts, aad after the war became aa
emlaeat Jurist aad attorney general
of the Ualted States. The others
were New Yorkers., Gea Divea was
from Elmlra, aad after the war was
a promlaeat railroad maa. He was
the father of Mrs. Liscum, wife of Col.
Emersoa Liscum. Ninth infantry,
killed la China several years ago. Af
ter the close of the war Devia. who
waa from New York city, eatered the
regular army aa lleutenaat cokmel of
the Eighth cavalry, aad shortly before
his death, la 1S78. waa promoted to
the Third cavalry aa cokmel.
a JllMVYIft SVSTaflffi
"Auditors aad controllers are the
natural enemies of mankind." re
marked an army officer, "but more
particularly are they the enemies ol
an army officer. They take great d
light la finding reasons why the
should not pass aa officer's accounts
and take advantage of the least little
technicality or aay possible way of re
fusiag to do so. Some time ago an onl
cer to get a just claim that has been
tuned down by the auditor or con
trailer was compelled to go to con
gress, and the printing bill for the
nmount was four times as large as the
amount in the first instaace."
Gen. Weston got the best of an au
ditor whea ' he was in the Seventh
Cavalry, aad this is the way he tells
the story:
"I was on a horse board at Kansas
City, aad before a horse could be ac
cepted be was sent a mile at a very
fast clip to test his eaduraace. I ob
served that the men who were selling
the horses had a rider who would take
tbem behind n clump of trees where I
could not see. nnd shortened the din
taace. I decided to ride the horses
myself, aad tried about twenty n day.
I would get pretty well warmed up
with that kiad of work, and I went in
afterward aad took a bath. I charged
up the bath each day la my expensea
But the accouat came back from the
auditor with the ladorsemeat:
" 'One hath a day ia a luxury, aot s
Becessity. Oae bath a week is enough.'
"And I Indorsed right under that: 'It
may be eaough for aa auditor, but not
for a cavalryman " WashlagtoB Post
Feufht in Our Four Wars.
There Is a little village, known a
New Discovery, la Indiana, with its
church and little cemetery. This lit
tle burying ground has the honor of
beiag the fiaal bivouac of soldiers of'
four American wars; oae of the rev
olution, two of the second war for
independence, the war of 1812: one
of the Mexican war. who also served
ia the civil war. and three other sol
diers of the last-named war. Every
year the G. A. R. of that vicinity dec
orates the graves, holding services at
the various graves in succession. This
year the services were held over the
grave of William Mitchell, a hero ot
1776, who fought throughout the en
tire struggle for Independence. He
was born in 1746 and died in 1836.
The first soldier buried there was
J. W. Crooks of the war of 1812, who
died ia 1833. The third was Abel Ball,
also of the war of 1812. The soldier
havtog the distinction of serving in
two wars waa Digaey. who was a
stranger whea he died there. Daniel
Capper. Newton Wilson nnd Harvey
Nevlas fought In the civil war and fell
early ia the strife, beiag killed In
1862. The last to be buried there was
Henry Nevins. of the war of 1812, whe
died in 1882. nged 91 years.
Gallant Veteran Dead.
Gen. Clark 8. Edwards, who com
manded the first of the twelve picked
regiments selected to make the famous-
charge at 8pottsylvanla Court
House, is dead at his home la Bethel,
Me. He gave up the battle of life on
the anniversary of his fight at" Salem
Church forty years ago. At the out
break of the war he was a coatractor
snd builder, bu dropped his tools upon
the work oh which he waa engaged
when the news came to him of the fir
ing on Fort Sumter, and telegraphed
the governor for authority to raise a
company. This was granted him. and
he became captain of Company I. Fifth
Maine, in which he served until
Gaines's Mills, when, his colonel
wounded, his lieutenant coktaei killed
and the major Incapacitated, the com
mand of the regiment devolved upon
him. Gen. Edwards was a strict tem
perance man. a Ualversallst In relig
ion and a Democrat in politics. In
1886 his party nominated him for gov
ernor, aad he received the unusual
number of 55,000 votes.
Maesachtisette' Honor.
Massachusetts leads all other states
ia her care for her veteran:. She haa
been more liberal than any other tn
her allowaaces. aad has one of the
finest homes in the world at Chelsea.
She recently authorized the awarding
of handsome bronze medals to all those
who respoaded to President Lincoln's
first call for troops, and n great deal
of trouble has been taken by the ad
jutant general to seek out those men or
their heirs and see that they got the
remembrance. There still are 2,535
awaiting claimants. The state has
laws exempting disabled veterans from
taxation, aad a veteran may obtain a
peddler's license for the asking. The
state has fitted up headquartera for the
G. A. PL on Beacon Hill, and G. A. R.
pests do not have to pay taxes on their
property.
weramenien ..at Gettyaaaraj.
The fortieth anniversary celebra
tion of the battle of Gettysburg was
held on the field July 1. 2 and 3. Dur-
ing the celebration more than .500 G
A. R. posts in Pennsylvania and ad
joining states, numerous regimeats of
the national guard aad U. 9. cavalry
and artillery participated ia the exer
cises. July 1 the monumwt erected
in honor-of John Burns, woo entered
the service at the age of 70 years,
was dedicated.
Recalle Slavery Days.
The home of Samuel Dove, an ex
slave, who is more than 100 years old,
waa sold recently at Utica. N. Y..
under mortgage foreclosure proceed
ings to satisfy aa indebtedness which
Dove contracted to secure the free
dom of his soa a"ly a half century
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