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: Matters in
THE NEBRASKA STATE FAIR.
Sam of the Features of the Coming
Agricultural Exhibit.
The managers of the Nebraska state
fair and exposition realize more fully
than ever the fact that the visitors to
the fair enjoy the races and that the
speed program leads everything else
ia attractiveness. This year the man
agres have increased the purses for
races to $8,000 and visitors to the fair
every day of the exposition can see a
line of very attractive races. The am
phitheater at the fair grounds is one
of the most comfortable; and every ef
fort will be made this year to have
the speed program far superior to any
thing heretofore enjoyed by fair vis
itors. Monday, the first open day of the
fair, three good races are scheduled a
roadsters' race, open to the state, with
a purse of $600; a 2:30 trot, with a
purse of $500, and a good running race.
Ob Tuesday the Union Commrecial
club 2:40 trot occurs for a purse of
$1,900; this is followed by a 2:27 pac
ing race with a purse of $500, and a
running race, one-half mile and repeat,
purse of $100.
Wednesday has the following race
program: 2:35 pacing, $500 purse; 2:17
trotting. $600 purse; 2:22 pacing. $500
purse, one mile dash running, $100
purse.
Thursday's program comprises the
3-year-old and under 2:50 trot, purse,
$300; 2:17 pacing, purse. $600; 2:25
trotting, purse $500, and a running
race, one mile novelty, purse $125.
Friday, the closing day, will have a
$2:20 trot, purse $600; a free-for-all
pace, purse $600, and a running
race, one-half saile and repeat, purse
$100.
Another feature of the fair will be
"Fraternal Day," Wednesday, Septem
ber 9, devoted to the fraternal organi
zations of Nebraska. The fair manag
ers have set aside a street to be known
as Fraternal street to be occupied by
fraternal beneficiary organizations and
none others. The managers have al
lowed the sum of $300 in cash prizes
for drill teams, and will furnish suit
able grounds for drill purposes. The
success of Fraternal day last year,
when but a few of the organizations
doing business In the state took part,
was such that Fraternal day this year,
aow that the fraternal congress has
taken up the matter of attending the
state fair, will make Wednesday the
largest day in attendance of any day
In previous fairs. The fraternal or
ganizations throughout the state are
behind the matter and it will be thor
oughly advertised through their or
ganizations. A committee representing
the Nebraska Fraternal congress will
have charge of the matter of prizes,
the appointment of judges and such
matters otherwise as may come be
fore the committee. The amount of
prizes will be announced through the
papers and fraternal publications as
soon as completed.
New Wheat Reaches Market.
LINWOOD. The wheat harvest is
completed and some threshing has
been dona The first load of new
wheat that came to market tested
sixty pounds and brought 57 cents
per bushel. It averaged twenty-five
bushels to the aero and Is of excellent
quality.
Judge Post Nebraska Delegate.
YORK. Hon. G. W. Post has been
.appointed by Governor Mickey as dele
gate to the Transmississippi Commer
cial congress, to be held at Seattle
August 18 to 21.
To Dig for Coal.
LINCOLN. The Dunbar .Mining
company of Dunbar. Neb., has filed
articles of incorporation with the sec
retary of state. The company is cap
italized at $50,000 and incorporated by
J. B. Llchtcnwaller. Thomas Murray.
H. W. Kmse. J. C. Walker. J. A. and
T. H. Dunbar. F. R. Rose. C. J. Mullis.
A. G. Hamilton. H. P. Anderson, C. F.
Collins and F. Haschenburger. all local
promoters of the company. Mr. Mur
ray, who came to Lincoln for the pur
pose of filing the articles, states they
had a 24-foot vein of coal in sight and
that active preparation for developing
what they think to be a rich field
will be begun at once.
Plattsmouth Girl Shoots Herself.
PLATTSMOUTH Gertrude, the 13-year-old
daughter of Frank Kunzman.
attempted to end her life by shooting
aerself through the left breast with a
revolver. The only known motive
which the girl may have had for com
mitting the deed was her fear that she
would be punished for going to Oma
ha without the consent of her parents.
Her condition is critical.
Omaha Capitalists Interested.
PLATTSMOUTH. The attention of
some of the Omaha capitalists has evi
dently been attracted to this part of
the state by the published reports of
the coal discoveries on that Thomas
farm near this city, where a three-foot
rein was found at a depth of 200 feet
below the residence. This conclusion
Is reached from the fact that several
.of them have signified their intention
to come to this city and investigate
the discovery for themselves.
State Guard Gos to Riley.
. Adjutant General Culver received a
telegram from the war department
stating that one regiment of the Ne
braska National Guard would be or
dered to take part in the regular
army maneuvers at Fort Riley this
year. The war department does not
state the date when the troops will
be sent to the Kansas town and it is
expected that the guards win be kept
ia igaoraace matil the last moment
for certaia reasons.
"'
fllt
Nebraska, f
unit
Hiiimmnininmnin
THE STATE IN A NUTSHELL.
The fifth elevator is about complet
ed for Minden.
D. W. Annis of Omaha was drownec
in Lake Manawa by the upsetting of
a boat.
T. B. Bowman, a prominent farmer
and politician of Boone county, was
thrown in front of a binder and sus
tained painful injuries to his arm and
side.
The Rock Island has bought twenty
two acres out of the Shearon farn
west of Fairbury and will build large
stock yards and establish a feeding
station.
Threshers in Saunders county will
charge one-half cent more per bushel
for threshing grain than they did last
year, and there is considerable dis
contented talk amongst the farmers
concerning a threshers' trust.
Mike Mostke, better known as "Big
Mike," was brought to Columbus and
lodged in jail. He is charged with an
attempted criminal assault upon the
person of a married German woman
named Henry who lives In Humphrey.
Serious doubts have arisen in the
minds of a number of South Omaha
people as to the validity of the fire
and police commission, recently ap
pointed, and the supreme court will
settle the question in the near fu
ture. Jim Gorman, who was lynched by
a mob near Basin, Wyo., recently, for
two years made his homo in and
around Wood River. He came there
on a mover's wagon in the fall of
1897, and worked around for different
farmers until the fall of 1S98.
The farm house of John Peters, six
miles southwest of Moorfield. was
struck by lightning and Mrs. Peters
was killed. She was sitting on the
edge of the bed quieting her baby.
Two other children were standing be
side her. The children were uninjur
ed. J. W. Bookwalter of New York, who
is a large land owner in the vicinity
of Beatrice, said after returning from
a trip over his lands in southeastern
Nebraska, that wheat is very disap
pointing, yielding from seven to fif
teen bushels per acre of very poor
quality.
Ray H. Chase of Alexandria, S. D.,
who has won considerable fame for his
excellent marksmanship, has been
challenged by A. H. Hardy of Hyan
nis, Neb., to a contest. Hardy wishes
to meet Chase in a 500-balI contest
against time, using rifles, for any
purse from $300 to $1,000.
William Petit, sergeant of L com
pany. Fort Niobrara, was fatally shot
by S. E. Price, proprietor of an im
moral house at Valontine, during a dis
cussion of the payment for drinks.
Each emptied a six-shooter at the
other, but Price had a shotgun with
which he shot Petit in the back as
the latter was running away.
The county superintendent of Stan
ton county has filed his annual report,
the first to reach the state superin
tendent's office. The report shows
that the salary of male teachers dur
ing the last year has been increased
from $45.40 to $50.82. and for female
teachers on an average from $36.30 to
$3S.f4. The report also shows that
the number of teachers has decreased
during the year from seventy-three to
sixty-three.
The proposition to bond the town of
Springfield in the sum of $8,000 for a
system of water works was voted on
and carried by a strong vote of 82
to 23. Plans will be drawn and bids
will be let at once and it is expected
the plan will be in operation by the
time snow flies.
Harvest is nearly done in the vicin
ity of Fairfield. What is apparently
the biggest crop of wheat for years is
safely in the stack or shock, but now
comes the discovery that the supposed
big yield is apparent only, not real;
that while there is an excessive
amount of straw, the heads are not
filled and the berry small.
The state board of educational lands
and funds met and authorized the
treasurer to invest $60,000 of the per
manent school fund in Nance county
3 per cent bonds. The investment
will be subject to the approval of the
attorney general, who will investigate
the bonds in question and determine
their validity.
In a row in a wheat field four miles
southeast of Ohiowa Henry Pinter was
shot by William Franzen. a bartender
in an Ohiowa saloon. Pinter was shot
three times, one ball passing down
ward and through the lungs. Franzen
is in jail.
The ninth assembly of the Salem
Interstate Chautauqua will be held at
Salem. Neb.. August 1 to 9 inclusive.
Rev. Lincoln McConnell. who so suc
cessfully superintended the enterprise
last year, will act in the same capacity
this season.
The first step in the direction of a
new court house for Saunders county
was taken the other day. when the
commissioners ordered a special elec
tion to be held Thursday August 13.
1903, for the purpose of Dting on the
proposition to issue $S5,000 bonds of
the denomination of $1,000 each, at
3 per cent Interest, payable eleven
years from date.
Martin Scheukles 6-year-old daugh
ter ran in front of a mower in Adams
county and her left foot was com
pletely severed.
Secretary Rouse of the state bank
ing board is receiving some good re
ports from the receivers of a number
of wrecked banks. The receiver of
the Platte Valley bank at Bcllwood
has, reported the first dividend paid
to depositors of 5 per cent. The
Farmers' bank of Custer county at
Broken Bow has reported a 12 per
cent dividend, which makes the total
amount paid to depositors 47 per
cent.
Sterling will hold a street fair Au
gust 13 and 14.
Wtf '. ' V.VBVVBJtA 1 aV W aV
Locating the Creamery;
The keen competition in modern
butter making necessitates systema
tized work. The minor details closely
allied, in this vocation, must he taken
into consideration in order to lessen
the cost of manufacturing butter and
at the same time to produce an im
proved article. To do this we must
look for the most improved and eco
nomical methods, take advantage of
all natural means, locate judiciously,
manage affairs on business principles,
and look for most convenient arrange
ment. The latter is the easiest to ob
tain and yet in glancing over the
different factories that are in exist
ence at the present time, we find
this point sadly neglected. There is
a need for better creamery buildings,
buildings that are more convenient in
arrangement so that they can be kept
sanitary. In launching Into this busi
ness we must first look for a suitable
location. The most necessary re
quirement is to locate near the center
of a milk producing district, or rather
in a section of the country where the
people are naturally inclined toward
dairying. It is essential to have a
sufficient number of cows to in
sure enough milk to make a creamery
profitable. The total cost of running
a creamery and marketing the prod
uct, including interest on the invest
ment and provision for a sinking fund,
ought not to exceed 2i cents for
every pound of butter made. Under
favorable conditions this cost ought to
be reduced to 3 or even as low as 1
cents. The smallest practical cream
ery cannot be operated for less than
$4 or $5 per day. It becomes evident
then that the daily product should be
over 150 pounds as a safe minimum.
Consequently no creamery should be
put into operation unless having con
trol or a promise of about 300 cows.
A reliable supply of good pure water
is another requisite of great import
ance. Cold water is advantageous in
every respect and at the samo time
saves ice. The surroundings should
be such as to insure pure air with as
little dust and direct exposure to sun
light as possible. A lawn around the
creamery with some trees and shrubs
will aid in purifying the air besides
making the surroundings more attract
ive. A creamery should be located
within reasonable distance of some
chipping point, where the product can
be marketed to the best advantage
and so that the factor of transporta
tion shall not enter in to offset the
profit Oscar Eif, Before Wisconsin
Buttermakers.
Manipulating the Udder.
D. W. Howie says: Some people are
opposed to so-called wet milking. I
can see no objection to this style, pro
viding the milker keeps his hands
clean. In fact, think that dry strip
ping is one of the causes of warts in
the teats. My plan is to milk dry and
strip wet. Manipulation of the udder
comes under the head of milking. A
Danish veterinarian has devised a se
ries of squeezing of the udder which
are to take place after the milker
thinks he has finished. The manipu
lations are supposed to be the means
of extracting every last particle of
milk, this of course being the richest.
The operation takes two minutes and
the results gained are claimed to more
than pay for the extra time consumed.
This gentleman certainly caunot claim
to be the originator of manipulation
of the udder. You can all prove this
by bringing to your minds the num
erous times you have watched a litter
of pigs taking their nourishment It
is there you see true manipulation.
The calf, and this is more to the point,
also knows how to manipulate. It
simply gives its mother a bunt that
jars he:" to the backbone and in this
way secured creamy milk. It may be
all right in the old country, where
labor is only worth twenty dollars and
a suit of clothes per year, to spend
two minutes extra to the cow in get
ting this surplus milk, but in this
country I do not think it will become
very popular. Especially as you can
accomplish the same results by sim
ply imitating the calf giving the sep
arate quarters of the udder several
chugs with the hand when you are
stripping.
In Milk Testing.
No test, whether the Babcock or
some other will run itself. It must be
handled by a man not only honest, but
also competent The test is acurate.
If everything connected with its mak
ing is right. There are numerous
things that need to be loooked after.
The milk, before the sample is taken,
must be thoroughly mixed. This can
not be done by merely stirring it
around. Such stirring may still leave
most of the cream In the upper part
It must be mixed by pouring the milk
back and forth from one pail to an
other. The temperature of the milk
being tested should be the same for
each sample. The acid must be exact
in quantity and uniform in strength.
A failure at this point may give only
unreliable results. Then the speed of
the machine shonld be that given in
the directions for making the test A
too low speed may give results below
the troth. When the bottles are taben
from the machine it is well to put
them into water at 150 degrees Fahr
enheit, so that the fat will remain
liquid till read.
Graeefccpper "Drifting."
The movecects of grasshoppers are
of considerable Interest to fanners
that have fields likely to be devas
tated by thzm. There seems to be a
difference as to canees in the East
and West determining direction. In
the West it has been observed that
these Insects advance against the
wind, when it Is only a 1'gfat breeze.
The drifting is therefore In the oppo
Fitc direction from that taken by a
halt driven by the wind. The grais
baiper evidently does cot care in
trhat !rcciic:x he iumps. His jnnp
Is decided by his tlicincliratlan to
cfcmd cidewsys to the wind. Like a
vrealhcr vane he presents Ms sharp
est point io the wind. When, he
jumps it is In the earns direction.
Strange io say. In the East this came
cuetcax tins ret bees observe!. Tae
incccts lo not seem is fce the wfcd.
and if iaey find a depressed area trill
cccuasulcte in it in srel cwsras. de
vaaisg every edible sreca tiiag.
Only a imull portion cf sJl the avis
lormcd 02 a tree ennr lbs zzcsni
year. The rest rearers dormiat or
ialent for jcarc, end ere oate to stow
end produce fhoots oaly ivhes the
fiacrs cro 6esroycd-
AArcnUtioKs boas ere produced by
ansae trees irrcjuiaUy aeywhere cu
&e ira cf ihe wooi. especially
vfcere fc has bean si&kJtef "or in-Sssed,
I POUt IKY I
XV;
& Tfc.V I
V
.
Why the Woman Succeeds.
Women make the best and most
successful poultry raisers, though per
haps not always the most keen trad
ers when it comes to the buying and
selling of poultry and poultry prod
ucts. But for the mere raising of birds
and bringing them to maturity she" is
a success. It is partly because she
has the instincts of a mother and
see things that the man poultry rais
er does not In the first place she
makes a continual war on dirt and
lice. She abhors them in the poultry
house as she would in her own family.
She wages on these two public ene
mies such a warfare that she conquers
them, and when she has won that vic-
torj she has gone a' good way toward
success. For the most disastrous
things in the line of poultry pests are
dirt or lice. Some years ago the
Farmers' Review sent out a large
number of inquiries to poultry raisers
asking what was the greatest cause
of losses in the poultry business. The
replies that came back said lice, more
chicks being lost from lice than from
any other one cause. So we see that
the woman, in getting rid of the lice,
has removed the first great cause of
failure with chicks. The woman suc
ceeds also because she takes infinite
pains with what she is trying to do.
She does not feel that she has to do
everything on a wholesale scale that
she has to have the houses cleaned
out once a month, "when they have
become dirty enough to make it an
object to clean them." She has
enough care about their cleanly con
dition to have them cleaned several
times a week, and sometimes she has
the work done every day. She watch
es for the coming of the lice and does
not wait till there are a million or
more before discovering them. Under
such a condition it is not easy for
vermin to get a start, and without get
ting a good start they cannot become
formidable. The woman also suc
ceeds because she has an interest in
the appearance of the premises. She
objects to delapidation in every form.
The old fence is whitewashed, the net
ting is mended as soon as it gets a
hole in it, and the rat hole is stopped
up as soon as it is made. The win
dows are so arranged that they will
dry the floors as well as give light
to the poultry. These are some of the
reasons why the woman succeeds ad
mirably in the care of fowls.
Raising Chicks in Brooders.
From Farmers' Review: In our
management of brooders in raising
our .young Orpington stock after we
have gotten the young chicks from
our incubators and hens to our brood
ers, we run them at a uniform heat of
95 degrees, keeping it thus for -the
first two or three days, gradually low
ering it a degree a day until 90 de
grees Is reached, and then keeping
heat so the chicks will not crowd.
We feed nothing for first seventy-two
hours, then we feed Chamberlain's
chick feed fed exclusively every two
hours for the first week, then four
times daily until a month old, and
after that three times a day. After
the first few days we vary the feed
by giving rolled oats, cracked corn,
wheat and green ground bone, keep
ing cut clover to scratch in. Fresh
water is always before them. We get
an early growth of lettuce for the
little fellows, and, as soon as possible,
let them out of doors, keeping them
scratching and moving continually.
We dust them frequently with lice
powder. It goes without saying wo
clean our brooders daily. At two
months of age we place our young
sters in colony houses and leave them
free to run on the range, feeding
morning and night cracked corn
varied by wheat and oats. J. W.
Eastes, Knox County, Illinois.
Brown Leghorns as Layers.
From Farmers' Review: In my
opinion Brown Leghorns are the best
layers of all the hens and lay a large
egg, as they are bred to-day larger
than Plymouth Rock hens. I of
course breed in my pullet line the
large sized S. C. Brown Leghorns and
not the small kind, as they did fot
years back. They are easy to breed
and hatch well, and I can get about
as many chicks from 75 Brown .Leg
horn eggs as I can from 100 Plymouth
Rocks, and a Brown Leghorn lays well
for many years, while a Plymouth
Rock lessens it the second and third
year. I feed well cooked grain and
vegetables but this food does not fat
ten them, while the larger breeds get
fat and a fat hen will not lay. My
experience is tha' ! can make more
money in raising eggs for market than
I can ia raising poultry. To raise early
chicks for spring market is very ex
pensive, and in the fall prices are toe
low for any profit. The S. C. Brown
Leghorn is a very stylish bird. It
pays to produce eggs for market and
the Leghorns will do the job. They
are called the egg machines, and so
they are. H. M. Moyer, Berkes Coun
ty, Pennsylvania.
Light Brahmas.
The leading variety of the Asiatic
class is the light Brahma. This fowl
has a history that would fill pages
were it recorded. They are the fowls
which caused the "hen fever"' of the
fifties, about which so much has been
written in later years. Their early
history Is a matter of controversy, the
best authorities differing as to their
origin- They were first known as the
"Bnhnn Pootras." "Gray Shanghais,"
"Cfciitagongs" "Cochin Chinas," and
what not. The early breeder named
them according to his fancy for high
eoEcdfng and sensational names to
sell his stoek. Fabnlons prices were
paid for them when the craze for fine
pccltry was at its height in the early
days of the test half of the present
cectcry. The standard c the present
Brahai fowl rras fired In 1S69. and
no deviation ircni the tyne adopted
then has been mode. It has stood
high in popular favor since then with
out abatement; the vast somber of
breeders vrho are raising them fully
attest tiieir vicrth as a practical bird
to the lodostrrGeo. E. Howard.
Fnding Breed Sows.
For brood com j is erfcier tn very
early sarins, i Is atrayc aarirabl to
Sire tbeo access tn z. piece c carfy
r.otra cheat cr rrc snd io 1st trni
ieve a Jimited amourt or rifely cored
clover, alfaJia cr co-rrea iay by ay
of tsrictr ct Cetd- Sorshuia ctalfcs
jrrotra as s cttclomcry ter ihz nrrfes
U03 d crrujn in ircitei crasajffjr,
inrke an cz-'jsllent a.ctiea io th& ra-
Cict. Th xaia ihlig to be srefel j
?a carrying i--e c unr scrt iaroatJt
sue winter, is x ttrziz'st cert tst.
The crHter (he variety ef eSeap an
terlals Hke these tte better the sows
wtn da. L W. Waters.
LIVE STOCK
-in
Angoras in Illinois.
From Farmers Review: Having
tad considerable experience of late in
he Angora goat business I will at
empt to give the readers of the Farm
ers' Review a brief outline of what
have accomplished. Two years ago
had a woods pasture containing sev
enty acres, very brushy, so much so
hat on the previous year it pastured
hat would be an equivalent to nine
tows for the season. After selling
vhat wood I could I procured a flock
if Angoras, which have completely
aten the underbrush and to-day I
lave as fine a cattle pasture as there
s in the state. So much for the pas
ure. I will now prove to you that
.n killing the brush I did not kill the
joats, as the man did with his sheep.
The highest price I received for mo
lair the spring I bought my flock was
26c, last year Sic and this year 43c.
rwo years ago my best goat sheared
.'our pounds; this year my best goats
sheared five, six and seven pounds.
I also have one kid, which I sheared
it ten months old, which sheared four
ud one-half pounds. When my kids
rere 5 months old I weighed seven,
which averaged 53 pounds each. I
will further state that this gain was
made without the use of any grain.
After keeping account of the grain my
goats ate thi3 last winter I find that
four cents each would pay the bill.
The only time to feed grain is in time
of a blizzard; the balance of the time
nay or fodder, and when the weather
is suitable the goat would rather be
an the "rustle" than eat any of your
prepared food. My flock originally
came from New Mexico. When they
landed in Warren County, Illinois,
they were very emaciated, but none
were lost through shipping. The does
only one month after landing in Illi
nois produced an excellent crop of
kids.
Now, to be fair with the readers of
the Fanners' Review, I will say after
having seen hundreds yes, thousands
of Angoras that were raised in the
West and Southwest, Illinois can pro
duce just as fine mohair, just as many
pounds of mohair for every twelve
months, and a heavier carcass at one
year old, than many of the Southwest
ranges. I would like to hear from" oth
ers that are in the Angora goat busi
ness. Jno. W. Coghill, Jr., Warren
Co.. 111.
Types of Hogs.
The desirable type of hog should
have good length showing sides in
clined to be fiat The ribs should be
sprung fairly well from the back, says
J. E. Brethour. You want a slightly
arched back. If you have a fiat back
you have a fat pig. If you get a pig
hollow in the back, you surely get the
fat distributed away from the back
and filled in along the side. The idea is
to get the flesh evenly distributed all
the way along, so that when the car
cass is dressed, it is not one-half fat
The flesh should be firm, not hard
and stringy. In the latter case you
are likely to get a pig that is an old
one held back and not In proper
bloom. You want good hair without
the bristles being coarse. A curly
coat is not generally desirable. You
usually get thicker .'iair with a curly
coat than with a straight one. The
desirable type of hog is well covered
-over the loins, with smooth even
shoulders not wider than the loins;
neck not long, but muscular, without
crest of fat. The under line and up
per line should be parallel, showing
evenness of depth through heart and
flanks. The hams should be nicely ta
pered without bulging behind, indi
cating a lean, fleshy ham, well down
to the hocks. The flesh should show
no looseness or flabbiness about
flanks, ham or belly, the latter show
ing trim and straight underline. The
head should be smooth not carrying
any superfluous fat about the jowls.
The face should have an intelligent
expression with good breadth between
the eyes, showing well developed
skull.
Soundness in Market Horses.
The most important requirements
of a market horse is "serviceable"
soundness; that is, he must have no
chronic disease that will unfit him
for work of a general nature. He
must be sound in wind and in limb,
able to do a reasonablo amount of
work without undue fatigue or prema
ture breakdowns. The majority of
the horses sold from a great market
go to the city trade and are com
pelled to do their work on hard, un
yielding pavements, pulling heavy
loads, cr developing speed that is an
even greater strain on the feet and
legs. The average period of useful
ness on city streets of a horse that
was sound at the start is not more
than Ave years, and it Is manifestly
evident that this time will be ma
terially decreased if he begins this
work in an unsound condition. Broken
wind, sidebocee, unsound hocks, and
all the various other ills that a horse
is heir to should be strenuously
guarded agaiest as they greatly di
minish his value. Bulletin 27, Bureau
of Animal Industry-
Anthrax an Old Disease.
Anthrax is the oldest contagious
disease of domestic animals of which
we have any record. In profane his
tory the disease Is mere or less ac
curately described before the Chris
tian era. In sacred history it seems
to be Identical with the dreadful Egyp
tian scourge described as the "Sixth
plasue." Plutarch mentions oat
breaks of anthrax in Rome about 740
B. C. Another writer of Italian his
tory eays that the disease was ex
tremely fatal (o live stock towards
the middle end last of the slrteerth
century, A. D. Unscrnptilox'j meat
vendor at times sold such diseased
meat to their customers which result
ed in mauy cases of death rca an
thrax in man. On this account the
senate at Venice prohibited, cader
penalty of capital panishnent. the of
fering for sale of the meat cf cattle
cHected by anthrax.
Shade In Pastures.
Frcm Farmers Review : 5Iy pas
tures are large and ia both cf them
there is ?L2a:y of shade, zzd vshen the
cos is hot the cattle, hcrsw cni
cheep will "seep close la the dsadc. I
do not believe ihat if It was oat good
for theai they woald keep En iJjc shade
but would lie in the air. Whca tee
weather is very Let they keep close
under the shade, acd raea it gets
cooler they come fenh end craze. IZ
ray pastures had no shad-e i Trould
erect posts and cover riih fcsards to
keep them from the barnlT? eira,
j. tL. Beirne, Fond du Lac Coociy,
Wisconsin.
When trees are raised from seeds
there is no certainty that the came
laeatlcal variety wQl he renrodaced.
iTyTnvy
bm mav hc , av
hhBHIhiI aVsral sH
Humus and Moisture.
Decayed vegetable matter is humus.
To have a good soil we must have a
supply of vegetable matter in it The
chief advantage of this Is in enabling
the soil to hold water to a greater de
gree than would be the case did it not
contain water. The eastern garden
ers have been surprised sometimes to
find that their soils would not respond
to commercial fertilizers and that the
land was becoming apparently very
subject to drouth. The trouble was
that the humus had been exhausted
by year after year growing crops upon
it by the help of commercial fertil
izers without putting on a particle of
barnyard manure or turning under
green crops. At the Minnesota ex
periment station tests were made on
soils with a good supply of humus and
those with little, as to water content
On one soil the humu3 was found to
be 3.35 per cent of all. The water
content was 16.4S per cent The
other soil contained 2.5 per cent of
humus, and tho water content was
12.14 per cent of the total. This dif-
ference has been figured out as about
a quart of water per cubic foot of soil,
which would mean over 10,000 gallons
to the acre. In a dry season this dif
ference would be a very great factor
in the maturing of the crop.
Plants do not eat; they drink. All
food is taken in a liquid condition.
If the water is absent the plant
starves. The humus supply is there
fore of prime importance in the devel
oping of our farm crops. There is
another great advantage in having a
soil rich in humus and that is that
the soil does not give off its water so
rapidly as do soils where the humus
is wanting. The roots go after the
food and moisture and get them, but
the water does not so rapidly pass to
the surface of the ground. The hu
mus act3 as a sub-earth mulch, if
such a term be allowable. It hinders
the pumps of the sun and wind from
taking moisture out of the soil, but
helps them to take the moisture from
the leaves of the plants, which meth
od is serviceable to man.
At the station mentioned the two
soils were saturated with the same
amount of water and exposed to the
sun and wind for ten hours. At the
end of that time the soil with the
largest amount of humus contained
6.12 per cent of its water, while the
other soil contained only 3.94 per
cent
Pruning Potato Tops.
That potato tops should not be
pruned seems to be clearly proved by
some experiments carried on at the
Vermont Experiment station last sea
son. In the annual report the direc
tor says:
The moist, cool weather of July
and August 1902, led to unusual lux
uriance in the development of potato
tops, especially where they had been
properly sprayed. This condition
brought to the experiment station In
quiries as to whether it was not de
sirable to check this tendency to veg
etative vigor in some way, as for ex
ample, by breaking down the tops
with a roller, or by cutting them
back. We have always advised against
any such practice on theoretical
grounds, but decided to put it to test
this year, in the grounds of a local
gardener. He wished the tops cut
back in a portion of the field. This
was done on August 12th. The stalks
were then about three feet long when
straightened out and arose about two
feet above the soil. They were cut
clean at a height of one foot above
the soil, which removed the bulk of
the foliage. These stalks sent out
within a few days many new shoots,
but this new growth began to yellow
In about a week and the plants were
dead by September 1st. In striking
contrast the undipped plants on
either side were in full and vigorous
foliage at this date and continued
green through September; indeed,
there were some green plants when
they were dug the second week in
October. Seven rows, each one hun
dred feet long and three and one-half
feet apart, were handled experiment
ally, five undipped and two clipped.
The yields were as follows:
Row 1, not clipped, yield 223 lbs.
Row 2, not clipped, yield 221 lbs.
Row 3. clipped, yield 150 lbs.
Row 4, not clipped, yield 22.1 lbs.
Row 5, not clipped, yield 224 lbs.
Row 6, clipped, yield 15." lbs.
Row 7, not clipped, yield 211 lbs.
Averages Not clipped, 221 pounds;
clipped, 152 pounds.
It is evident that practically one
third of the crop was sacrificed by the
clipping.
The Long Hog.
A Canadian writer on swine caya.
Some of us seem to think wl.en wc
see a pig stretching out and growing,
and not getting fat, that It is an ex
pensive feeder. But this Is not neces
sarily the case. It does not neces
sarily cost a cent more to produce, a
pound of gain in a pig of the right
bacon type than it does in any other
type. I have tried to prove it but I
could not demonstrate that the bacon
type of hog is expensive to feed. I
find it is an economical producer of
bacon. There Is no procf that It cost3
more to produce the bacon hog. If
you get the right type and have a
healthy, growthy, thruty pig, that will
stretch out instead of getting fat and
dumpy, you will have a bos -hat will
feed economically. Tccrc may be
some difference in regard to their
suitability fcr pen feeding and gra
zing. I think some of the best gra
zers are the American breeds, and
possibly the Berkshire. That is 127
experience so far as we hTc gen-,
but we have cot followed it up very
thoroughly yet
Bacccck and Ge-ber Tests.
In the United States and Canada,
and even ic Australia aai :evf Zea
land, the Habcock test Is cans were
supreme as a cetsrazizT ct the fat
In bntter. But ia Mo!!2nd ani Ger
many, the Ccrber test ii the 2vc-tc.
It is also cid w J2 mating ccnrl'Ier
ahle headTEy in ZaIiai. Tzoze tfcet
use it claim thac it .3 zi?:e accurate
than the Babcasc test Ve dcabt if
in? can ee ccbztau'Iatcd. One tiln
In favcr c-Z It iori-a?3 Iz that ic d-ca
net rercire lie c-e cf culjaaric acid,
wfcich seme ciclike to rrmd'-e cr to
have ara-niL The -Sabeack. te.t, how
ever, has behiad It ihe Javcrable opin
ion cf the ieaiirs cairy rc!cni.is..s c!
ihe wcrii. As a ready cn-i ecoire
test It Is probably cupcrio' to any-thir-gr
a existence, zat cz.c?p'Jns ihc
Gexber.
Any oerscn who tiers a Ijotfie el
hair restorer from a feaKieadca croc;-1
gfct has genuine faith.
:
I CAMPfmC I
I TALES I
Ballad for the Third Hour.
Good masters of the market place.
1 pray you cense your cries and neAK
A pilgrim s message or grace
From holy lands I bring your ear.
Nay. pass not so. fair cavalier.
Nor thou, my lady In thy pride
No aims I ask beyond a tear
For such as ye my Savior died.
Yea. pause and hear me. woman frail.
Whoso jewels have the gleam of shame:
Thou, crone In rags, for thee my tale.
And thee, poor foundling without name;
And unto ye. proud nrlests. the same.
Hat:, clown and courtier! ere you rlda
I pray ye answer was it blame
Kor such as ye my Savior died?
What? Tears before the minster gate.
Ye blind, ye aged, and ye sore?
Nay. 'tis your festival of state.
So get ye In the sacred door.
And Join my cry until it roar.
By every strand and mountain side.
From turret unto dungeon's core.
For such as ye my Savior died.
Prince from thy galleries look down.
1 prithee on our ribald tide.
And hear me spite thy haughty frown
For such as ye my Savior died.
Thomas Walsh In the Independent.
The Death of "Stonewall" Jackson.
I had been with my new command
but a short time when the great battle
of Chancellorsville occurred. It was
just before this bloody cngagament
that my young brother had so accur
ately and firmly predicted his own
death, and it was here the immortal
Jackson fell. I never write or pro
nounce this name without an impulse
to pause In veneration for that Amer
ican phenomenon. The young men
of this country cannot study the character-of
Gen. Jackson without benefit
to their manhood, and for those who
are not familiar with his characteris
tics I make this descriptive allusion
to him:
As to whether he fell by the fire
of his own men, or from that of the
Union men in his front, will perhaps
never be definitely determined. The
general, the almost universal belief
at the South is that he was killed by
a volley from the Confederate lines;
but I have had grave doubts of this
raised in my own mind by conversa
tion with thoughtful Union officers
who were at the time in his front and
near the point where he was killed. It
seems to me quite possible that the
fatal ball might have come from eith
er army. This much-mooted question
as to the manner of bis death is. how
ever, of less consequence than the
manner of his life. Any life of such
nobility and strength must always be
a matter of vital import and interest.
But more Important than anything
I have yet said of Jackson may be
compassed, I think, in the observation
that he added to a marvelous genius
for war a character as a man and a
Christian which was absolutely with
out blemish. His child-like trust and
faith, the simplicity, sincerity and
constancy of his unostentatious piety
did not come with the war, nor was it
changed by the trials and dangers of
war. If the war affected him at all in
this particular. It only intensified his
religious devotion, because of the tre
mendous responsibilities which it im
posed; but long before, his religious
thought and word and exampl were
leading to the higher life young men
intrusted to his care at the Virginia
Military institute. Gen. John B. Gor
don in Scribner's.
Carried Drum Throughout War.
One of the features of the Hooker
celebration at Boston was the beating
Drum carried by Commander George
A. Cole of Gettysburg post 121, from
the Wilderness to Cold Harbor,
of the long rolls and solos at Faneuil
hall by Commander Geo. A. Cook of
Gettysburg post 191, on his famous
silver drum, which he carried through
the Gettysburg campaign and from
the Wilderness to Cold Harbor. The
drum head has been in use forty years
June 9, 1903.
What Hurt the Britisher.
"Among the stories told at the re
ception to General John C. Bates by
the Society of the Army of Santiago
the other night," said the Major, "was
one of Captain Reeves of the Third
United States infantry. While at
West Point IJecves was asked to show
two officers one IJritish, the other
Prussian, shout the grounds and build
ings. In the museum the Prussian
officers found much to ir.torest him,
but the British officer was inclined to
be contemptuous or patronizing.
"This British officer, by the way, he
longed to the Seventeenth hussars.
"a was particularly annoyed at the
display of old-fashioned kettle drums
which had been captured from the
British In the revolutionary war Di
vining that the subject would not be
a pleasant one to his guest. Reeves
said nothing, and the British officer
proceeded to enlarge upon the inutil
ity of the kettledrum display. The
Prussian officer dissented i'r-jni tnis
view and explained that he was not
able to understand why the British
officer was so prejudiced rgainst ket
tle drums. Thereupon, he took up one
of the drr.ms and, turning it over,
found an inscription to the effect that
it had been captured from the Seven
teenth hussars in the revolutionary
war. No one mad any further re
mark." Chicago Inter Ocean.
Popular CIvM .War Songs.
One of the most popular of the civil
war songs. When Johnny Come3
Marching Horn1, came near being
stifled at its birh. It was written by
Louis Lambert, a native of Connecti
cut, and a graduate cf Yale. At the
.outbreak cf the rebellion he offered
his services to the Governor of his
state, hut was rejected on account of
his youth. So he remained at college.
His father and brother were in the
northern army John Lambert. Sr.,
and John Lambert. Jr. A great num
ber cf the Connecticut troops were
coming home on furlough and the peo
ple in the town where the Lamberts
lived were making great prenarations
for ghing the soldiers a relcome
home." .Louis was the pcei- of his
class at Yale and was asked to fur
r.ish a poem for the occasion. He
v-ote When Johnny "'rr.eo ilarcbln:?
Home with the .reception cemmittec
Vy A W aV Jw si
considered too undignified for so Im
portant an occasioa, and the sons was
rejected.
Not to be outdoae, young Lambert
came from New Haven to his native
village with every member of his
class to attend the reception givea the
troops on their home coming. The
students had memorized Lambert's
new song. When Johnny Comes March
ing Home. They had set it to the mu
sic of one of their rollicking college
drinking songs. What the song lacked
in dignity and patriotic spirit it made
up in life and action.
As the soldiers were passing under
the triumphal arch tho students
struck up the song. When Johnny
Comes Marching Home wasn't on the
program, but it made such an instan
taneous hit that the multitude sol
diers and all took up tne joyous
strain and kept singing It to the ex
clusion of all the rest of the fine
ceremony that had been arranged.
When Johnny Comes Marching Home
was all they wanted. Louis Lambert,
the smart Yankee lad. had won his
point and was the biggest man in
New Britain.
News of the episode spread rapidly
all over the country and requests for
the song commenced to pour in from
all parts of the north. It becamo ono
of the most popular of all the war
time songs and Is to-day frequently
sung and played.
The Little Wounds in Battle.
"It was often the case." said the
major, who was in a reminiscent mood,
"that the wound which seemed trif
ling at the time proved more serious
than the wound that received the at
tention of surgeons. In one battle I
was shot through my sword arm. and
about the same time was struck on
the shoulder by a falling branch of a
tree. The wound in the arm healed
rapidly, but the shoulder is lame to
this day. A man in our company had
two fingers shot off and receives a pen
sion, but in a mountain fight at a later
date he sprained his ankle. Tho
wounded hand gives him no pain or
trouble, whereas the ankle that was
only sprained, and which received lit
tle attention at the time, has been for
forty years a seat of discomfort and
pain.
"At the last reunion of our com
pany a man shot through the body at
Shiloh was one of the most active
of all those present. A man who es
caped all the flying bullets at Fort
Donelson and caught cold the second
night was one of the most feeble. One
of the boys had a toe shot off at Cot
ton Hill was the best dancer, and the
best marcher of the old days was as
stiff as a spavined horse. A man who
had been thrown twenty feet in the
air by a mine explosion was as lively
as a cricket, and the fellow burned
through putting his lighted pipe in
his pocket to escape the notice of
the officer of the guard was a
c-ipple. Our colonel, wounded three
times In as many different
battles, was there in more robust
health than he ever had in the army,
carrying his 63 years as he carried his
28 on the march to the sea. while our
captain, who had been struck by a
spent ball in front of Atlanta, counted
himself an invalid.
An Apology of War Time.
The story of the old brick church,
in Fairfield county. South Carolina,
where in 1803. the Associate Reformed
Synod of the Carolinas was organized,
has found its way into Northern pa
pers. The object of this paragraph Is
mainly to set forth the fact indicated
in the first sentence and to refer to
the lesson of the legend on the door
facing. This inscription, as those
familiar with the old church know,
runs about as follows:
"Citizens of this Community : Please
excuse us for defacing your house of
worship so much. It was absolutely
necessary to effect a crossing over the
creek, as the Rebs destroyed the
bridge."
This legend wan signed simply. "A
Yankee." Tho occasion for it was
found in the fact that pews, flooring
and sleepers had been brought into
requisition to construct a bridge by
which the Federal troops might bo
enabled to cross Little river, the Con
federates, as stated, having there de
stroyed what is known as Kincaid's
bridge. The legend and the delirato
feeling which prompted its Inscription
have in them a lesson of particular
and appropriate interest these days,
since they reveal, as the New York
Tim-s puts it. "the existence, even in
the worst of the other days, of feel
ings that, led naturally to reconcilia
tion." Gastonic (N. C.) Gazette.
"Old Ninth" in Reunion.
The recent reunion and dinner of
the veterans of the "Old Ninth,"
Eighty-third New York volunteers,
which was held at New York recent
ly, the occasion being the forty-second
annivc-Mary of the departure of the
regiment to the seat of war in 1861.
was one of the most pleasant and suc
cessful of these entertainments. The
"Old Ninth" Is one of the very few
militia regiments that went Into the
service of the United States as a unit.
serve-1 three years during the war. and
when it was mustered out of the Unit
ed States service was able to keep up
its organization and resume its place
in the National Guard of the state.
That it was enabled to do so was due
to the efforts of its friends and mem
bers, who had for various reasons
left the service before the expiration
of the full term. The Ninth regiment.
National Guard, New York, to-day car
ries on its colors the names of the
various actions in which the "Old
Ninth" participated.
Army of trs Potomac Reunion.
The Society of the Array of the Po
tomac held its reunion at Boston June
25 and 2G. The surviving general offi
cers of the army of the Potomac, who
were the guests of the state at the un
veiling and dedication of the Hooker
monument Thursday. June 2.". were
present as guests of the society.
The reunion is the third to be held
ia Boston, and the society this year by
express invitation not only of the
commonwealth and city, but also by
invitaticn of the Grand Army of the
Republic, the Loyal Legion and the
Sons of Veterans. A delegation con
sisting of representatives of the gov
ernor and mayor and of each of the
organizations named attended the ded
ication of the Gen. Slccum equestrian
statue on the battlefield at Gettys
burg last fall, and there presented to
the society the joint invitation to ac
cept the hospitality cf Boston this
summer.
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