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NEBRASKA AT WORLD'S FAIR.
State Commiwion Wants Voluntary
Inscription to Swell the Fun
In view of the small appropriation
aaade by the last legislature, $35,000,
for the purposes of the commission
and a proper exhibit of Nebraska re
sources at the Louisiana Purchase Ex
position, it has been decided to acs
for voluntary subscriptions from all
parts of the state to swell the fund.
Contributions may be sent to Treas
urer C. H. Morrell at Lincoln.
- The commission has appointed three
collectors of grasses of the state for
exhibit at St. Louis and a premium
of 1100 Is offered for the collector
nuking the best showing.
The president and chairmen of the
various county and district,.agricul
tural societies of the state have been
asked to act as collectors of sheaf
grains and to designate some one in
their respective localities to make
the collection for compensation. Pre
miums aggregating $250 will be dis
tributed pro rata for the best sheaf
grains, the prizes to go to the individ
uals growing the same.
It has been decided to ask the State
university to designate one of its pro
fessors to take charge of the educa
tional exhibit of Nebraska, which will
comprise an exhibition of all educa
tional interests. It is further proposed
to enlist the interest of the Nebraska
Improved Corn Growers association,
which meets In January next, to see
that a proper exhibit of Nebraska's
great staple shall be made at St
.Louis.
The assistant secretary of the com
mission has been directed to ask that
all superintendents of departments at
present appointed or to be appointed
hereafter by the commission make re
ports in writing to the commission ev
ery two weeks of all their actions in
connection with the work.
STATE BANK REPORTS.
What Is Indicated by Returns Being
Received.
The reports from state banks for
the quarter ending June 10, which are
now coming into the office of the sec
retary of the State Banking board,
indicate that the banks of the state
are in excellent condition. This is the
period of the year when deposits are
on the increase because of a certain
cessation of business in agricultural
communities, but the returns being re
ceived are considered extraordinarily
good, oven when allowance is made
for this tendency.
One of the attaches of the depart
ment said that the prospects are good
for a first class report. This bears
out the statement frequently made
that the banking interests of the state
have at last placed themselves on an
Independent footing and are not great
ly affected by the conditions prevail
ing among New York banks.
Caught in a Cave-In.
OAKLAND. Romee Lund, employ
ed at Andrew Anderson's brickyard,
was caught in a cave-in. Both bones
of the right leg below the knee were
broken, a shoulder was dislocated and
internal injuries suffered.
Unveil Woodman Monument.
BEATRICE. About 2,000 people
witnessed the unveiling of a Wood
man of the World monument here.
Rev. G. H. Schleh of Omaha made the
address.
LAND COMMISSIONER'S REPORT
Semi-Annual Statement Filed With the
Governor.
The regular semi-annual report of
Land Commissioner Follmer was filed
with the governor. The legislature of
1901 appropriated $5,000 for the sup
port of the board of educational
lands and mods and of this sum at
the end of the second fiscal year there
remains $2,012.80, leaving the expendi
ture for the support of the board for
the two fiscal years $2,987.20. For
the six months covered by the report
it cost $1,249.22 to support the board
and pay its various expenses. Under
the new dispensation the larger part
of the money which has hitherto been
paid from the treasury for the sup
port of the board will come from the
fees which are now required to be
paid into the office for filing and
drawing papers relating to school
lands.
Husband Regains Girl Bride.
TECUM8EH. W. H. Harrison, the
young man who had quite an experi
ence in getting his wife from her
parents in Beatrice, has been success
ful in his efforts and the couple are
.now housekeeping in this city. The
girl's parents took her away from Har
rison and took her home, claiming
that she was too young to leave them.
Harrison employed a lawyer and later
hie father-in-law decided to let the
girl wife join her husband here.
Investigates a Little.
LINCOLN. Chief Clerk Mickey of
the governor's office is back from Mil
ford, where he went to investigate
some discrepancies between the state
ments of the state institutions there
as to their cash balances and those
as reported from the auditor's office
He found that it was due to the dif
ference in bookkeeping between the
auditor's office and that employed in
the two state institutions at Milton).
A Scarcity of Corn.
PLATTSMOUTH Local grain deal
era report that it is impossible to get
con at present on account of the fact
that the farmers are busy 1b their
fields replanting the crops, which were
washed out. This condition Is just
the reverse to what it was several
ago, when the shortage of
i kept the grain dealers busy guess-
to So with the bulk of the
laVBuca was oromgat in oy the
Nebraska.
" " m ' " "".'
NEWSY STATE BRIEFS.
York is preparing to pave some of
its principal streets.
Osceola has decided not to celebrate
the Fourth this year.
Fire in Scotts Bluff destroyed
three frame buildings.
The dam at Creteaken out by the
high water is to be rebuilt
Saunders county has in view the
building of a new court house.
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Rieger of Rich
ardson county last week celebrated
their golden wedding.
By the falling of a heavy derrick
Charles Grier was instantly killed in
the U. P. shops at Omaha.
Old settlers of Saline and adjoinir..
counties are arranging for the:r an
nual picnic, to be held in August.
Rev. F. V. Leavitt, pastor of the
Congregational church of West Point
for the last four years, has resigned
his pastorate.
The reports from state banks that
are coming into the banking depart
ment show an improvement over Ihoe
of three months ago.
J. H. Murray, an aged resident of
Beatrice, and David Cleek were injur
ed in a runaway accident. The for
mer's injuries may prove fatal.
Black Bros.' flouring mill at Beat
rice, which was forced to close down
on account of the floods, has resumed
operations with a full force of hands.
The Richards county assessors' re
turns have been tabulated. Total val
uation of the county is $3,536,762.31.
This is about $7,500 higher than last
year. Total personal property is $1,
191.217.31. Eddie, the three-year-old son of J.
J. Thompson of Humboldt, got his
hand in the cogs of a wringer while
the family washing was being done,
and suffered the loss of the ends of
three Angers.
At a meeting of the stockholders or
the Monroe Independent Telephone
company the capital stock was in
creased to $10,000. This is the result
of extensions that the company is
making arrangements for.
The German Independent Telephone
company, which will have Its princi
pal place of business at the German
school house in Logan township, Gage
ccuniy, has filed articles of incorpor
ation with the secretary of stale.
A number of improvements are be
ing made in the Argo Starch works at
Nebraska City, with a vew to doub
ling its capacity. The plant belongs
to the starch trust and they are mak
ing it furnish all of the starch tot
the middle west.
A peculiar accident happened at
Roseland. While a woman with two
little children were driving through
a pond In water not over three feet
deep, the horse became entangled in
the harness and fell. It was unable
to arise and before it could be re
leased was drowned.
Oil Inspector Church has completed
his report for the month of May. Al
tnough May is one of the poorest
months in the year so far as oil in
riHHtsor fees go, he reports a surpiiis
of $408.40 to turn into the state treas
ury. The receipts were $1.3S3.3C and
the expenditures $974.82.
The board of purchase and supplies
has bought furniture for the peniten
tiary. The contracts have been let
and it is expected the goods will be de
livered at once. The Baker Furniture
company of Omaha got a contract for
$702.55 and the remainder of the
$2,035 went to Lincoln dealers.
Fate Davis, a stock buyer who has
been operating in Memphis. Saunders
county, for several years, has disap
peared. It is stated that he borrowed
$600 on a crib of corn as security,
which proved to be a myth. It is also
told that ne bought one lot of cattle
of one party for $900 and $1,200 worth
of another party, giving them checks
on a bank in Ashland with which he
had been doing business. He shipped
the cattle to South Omaha immediate
ly, sold them and disappeared.
The semi-annual report of the com
mandant of the Soldiers' and Sailors'
home at Grand Island, just made to
the governor, shows that the cost of
maintaining the inmates of the insti
tution for the last six months was
$83.71 per capita, as compared with
an average of $89.19 for the half year
ending November 30, 1902. The daily
average during the past six months
has been 347 inmates, as compared
with an average of 330 for the year
ending December 1. 1902.
As soon as Hinton & Minnick's ice
houses at Falls City, with 2,000 tons
of ice, were swept away by the flood
a few weeks ago, they set to work
making arrangements to install an ar
tificial ice plant. A contract has
been let for a plant of twelve tons'
capacity per day. besides the cold
storage room, at a cost of about $15,
000, to be completed and in operation
in two months.
Rev. Cobb preached his farewell
sermon at Humboldt and will soon
leave for Indian Territory.
People at Table Rock and vicinity
were treated to a genuine surprise in
the separation of Frank Dobrovolny
and his wife, Martha Dobrovolny.
wealthy Bohemians, living a short dis
tance east of town. The husband
deeded property and paid money to
the amount of some $5,600 to the wife
and to a trustee for the use of two
daughters, about 8 and 5 years old.
Articles of separation were drawn up
and signed.
A slight shock of earthquake was
felt at Long Pine.
George Conklin of Otoe count was
adjudged insane by the county com
missioners. The complaint was filed
by Conklin's daughters. Investigation
developed the fact that Conklin had
been of unsound mind for some tinr"
past.
Valentine is making great prepara
tions to celebrate the Fourth of July
in a fitting manner. All sorts of
sports are being arranged for the day-
The first week of the North Platte
junior normal closed with an attend
ance of 149
XCAMPTZPE I
I TALES I
The Tyrant.
The greatest monarch the worlS has ever
known.
And he rules alike over land and sea;
From bis edict stern there is no rppeal.
For a tyrant king is he.
He sits unmoved on his ebon throne.
Where the young and the old forever
meet,
The frost of the centuries on his head
And the nation at his feet.
No word of respite unlocks his lips.
Though poets and sages ha-e question
ed him!
And be has no grace of a softer aiood
To brighten the ages dim.
He shows no favor to lord or churl,
And he reaps a harvest of pain and
tears;
His beard has growth from the dust of
life.
Upgathered through all the years.
Strong is the grasp of his mighty hand.
And cold and keen is his arctic breath.
And there is no power that earth can
yield
To throttle the tyrant Death.
The Olympian.
Declined to Intrude.
"On the night after the unsuccessful
attempt upon the rebel batteries at
Secesslonville," said a member of a
Rhode Island Grand Army post, "an
Incident occurred which tended to en
liven for a moment our depressed spir
its, notwithstanding our sad surround
ings. Our wounded were being
brought from the battlefield to be
cared for in a large old building which
stood near headquarters, and which
gave evidence of having been used in
former times for storing the products
of the plantation on which we were
camping. Those whose wounds prov
ed to be fatal were laid on the grass
outside, preparatory to burial. There
was a large fig tree near this tempo
rary hospital, under whose friendly
shelter some of the soldiers who were
unprovided with tents were accustom
ed to spread their blankets at night to
avoid the heavy dews. The night in
question proved to be dark and rainy,
and the fig tree was hastened to
as usual, by one after another of our
tired soldiers, who were glad to ex
change the tolls and exposure of that
eventful day for its leafy protection.
"The first who entered drew back
with a horrified look, saying that a
dead man had been laid under the
tree, and at the same time expressing
his determination not to dispute pos
session. Each man who arrived sub
sequently, after a statement of the
case, preferred exposure in the rain
to such companionship. But the mat
ter assumed a different aspect next
morning, when it was found that one
of our boys had straggled In, tired and
worn out, and, stretching his mosquito
net. had eone to sleep. The net in
creased the effect of an unusually 1
pale physiognomy, which startled the
late Intruders into the belief that they
beheld a corpse." Washington Star.
The Appomattox Apple Tree.
The Appomattox apple tree fades
and withers from time to time, but
never dies. It is a perennial. Here
it is blooming out again. An old sol
dier presented to the University of
Georgia a piece of wood which he
said came from the tree beneath
which Lee surrendered to Grant, stat
ing that "he was present at the time
the tree wa3 cut down and took a
portion of it to preserve it as a relic."
The dean of the faculty, believing
that there must have been something
upon which was based the widespread
belief that the surrender took place
under an apple tree, wrote to Gen.
Gordon on the subject. He stated
that he was familiar with the history
of what occurred in the McLean
house and knew that the articles of
surrender were signed there, but he
wanted to know how the apple tree
came into the story. To his letter
Gen. Gordon replied as follows:
Mr. Sylvanus Morris. Athens, Ga.:
Dear Professor: Yours received.
Both Gen. Longstreet and myself
were present in the room when the
formal surrender took place at Ap
pomattox, as was also Col. Marshall.
The account, therefore, which states
that only Col. Marshall was present
is incorrect The apple tree Inci
dent Is a romance. No surrender
took place except in the room of the
McLean house. The only connection
of the surrender with the apple tree
is the fact that Gen. Lee and Gen.
Grant met there for a few moments
and agreed upon the place for formal
meeting. Probably the most appro
priate inscription you could place on
the piece of wood would be to the
effect that it was taken from the
apple tree near which Gens. Lee and
Grant met prior to the surrender.
With best wishes, I am, sincerely
yours, J. B. GORDON.
At Chickamauga Park.
With the exception of Gettysburg
battlefield, which received attention
ten or twelve years before Chicka
mauga Park was even contemplated,
this is now the most significant and
comprehensive military object lesson
in the world, and as a memorial is
unsurpassed. In Europe several fam
ous battlefields are reserved as parks
and marked by monuments. The lion
of Waterloo, which stands guard at
the top of an artificial mound that has
been erected upon that battlefield, is
very imposing: the lion of Luzerne,
which commemorates the heroism of
the Swiss, is perhaps the most im
pressive monument in all the world
except the statue of Buddha at Kama
kura, Japan, and a granite shaft at
Wilna, near the western boundary of
Russia, has the most terrible signifi
cance that can be imagined, but there
is nothing in Europe like the parks of
Gettysburg and Chickamauga, be
cause in the latter the heroism of the
individuals and regiments is recogniz
ed and commemorated, while in the
old world all the glory Is given to the
generals commanding or the armies
as a mass.
The monument at Wilna bears a
striking inscription. Upon the side of
the pedestal which faces Germany
you read that upon the date given
Napoleon Bonaparte passed that way
with 400,000 men. On the side that
faces Russia you read that on a cer
tain date Napoleon Bonaparte return
ed with 6,000 men. Further explana
tions are unnecessary. The whole
story of that terrible campaign, in
which thousands upon thousands of
French soldiers perished in the snow,
is summed up In those few brief
words.
The Fiddler at Gettysburg.
An old soldier related an incident
which came under his personal obser
vation at or near Gettysburg during
the three days' flight He told of a
soldier In a company that went in
early in the engagement and came out
after Its snare, of fighting only for the
reason that nearly every man In It
was either killed or wounded. The
soldier referred to played on the fiddle
the veteran said. He was in love with
bis fiddle, and, as a' general thing,
when he wasn't fighting he was fid
dling. The spirit of war and the soul
of music both were vital essences of
his being. His story, however, which
was inspired by the events related by
the comrade of the empty sleeve, was
to the effect that on the morning of
the third day of the battle he, wan
dering by a barn attached to a hos
telry known as "The Tavern of the
Three Stars," heard sounds coming
from it, and looking in, found it to
be a sort of hastily improvised hos
pital. , There were at least a score of sol
diers laid out in cots on the floors, all
more or less wounded. Several of
them were past all surgery. To his
amazement he saw the musician, who
had suffered the loss of a leg. He
was, of course, lying on his back, but
the stump of his limb was propped up.
He had a pleased expression on his
countenance, his well-beloved fiddle
under his chin and was filling the room
with music.
"The most beautiful and pathetic
part of the picture was the calm, sweet
and smiling expression of the poor fel
lows who were being regaled with his
melodies.
"It seemed," said the speaker, "as
if a beatification from heaven rested
upon the place and its celestial glory
shone in the countenance of every
poor sufferer within it" Washington
Star.
His Last Shot
Vigan, Zapotc, the Tilad Pass, Ba
tac, Catubig, Cagayan, and a string of
others arc all names that recall inci
dents of daring that stir even sluggish
blood. It was at Vigan that Sergt
Spencer of Co. B, Thirty-third United
States volunteers, showed the stuff of
which they make men in Texas. Hs
was one of ten men who tried to rush
a position held by scores of Filipino
insurgents. Four of the ten were drop
ped almost at the first fire. Spencer
was one of the four, and he was mor
tally wounded. When the rest of the
party fell back Spencer could not keep
up. His comrades got under cover
about twenty yards in rear of where he
lay, and then discovered that he was
not with them. They called out to
him to get out of the way so that they
could open fire, and he replied, "I
can't I'm hurt." Then he realized
what the situation was, and tried to
crawl out of line of fire. He made
about twenty feet in a direction that
would have put him out of the way in
a little more, but he couldn't go on.
"I can't make it," he called out to
his comrades. Then he turned around
and emptied his magazine at the in
surgent A minute later he was dead.
Everybody's Magazine.
Sounded Profane.
Gen. Louis Wagner, who was col
onel of the Eighty-eighth Pennsylva
nia regiment, tells an interesting in
cident about the commissary sergeant
of the regiment. The general says:
"One day while we were in camp at
'Camp Stokley,' situated on Ridge
road, near Wissahickon. in June, 1861
one of the members of the regiment
asked the question of the corporal on
guard:
"'Where can I get something to
eat?'
" 'Go to Hell,' replied the corporal.
" 'Look here, corporal, fairly shout
ed the inquirer, 'I will have you un
derstand that I am a member of the
Methodist church, and will not toler
ate such language from you. sir.
"I shall always remember the look
on that fellow's face when the corpor
al acquainted him with the commis
sary sergeant's name Wister Hell."
Chickamauga and Chattanooga.
The word Chickamauga means "dull,
sluggish stream," says the Chattanoo
ga Times, and it is from the waters of
the creek that the Indians, who were
among the most daring and warlike of
all the tribes in East Tennessee, got
their names. The original interpreta
tion of Chattanooga has long been lost.
The general acceptation of the mean
ing of the word is "Hawk's Nest," said
to have been suggested by the valley
nestling in the shadow of the ridges
and mountain. Others say that the
word is derived from the name Clano
wah, given by the Cherokees to small
warlike hawks that made their nests
in the cliffs of Lookout Mountain.
Not in Kingly Garb.
A recently returned traveler who
was received by Emperor Menelik of
Abyssinia describes his majesty as
seated in a small state chair, with gay
ly colored carpet at his feet He wore
white trousers, brown checked socks,
and very large patent leather shoes
without lacings. A long flowing coat
of yellow striped green silk enveloped
his body, and over this was a black
satin, gold embroidered burnous, with
a pink lined hood. His head was bound
with fine white muslin, above which
towered a broad brimmed straw hat,
overlaid with gold leaf and trimmed'
with sapphires and rubies. In his left
ear sparkled a rose cut diamond stud.
A red silk umbrella, heavily embroid
ered and fringed with gold, protected
the royal head from the rays of the
sun.
A Canine Giant
The bones of the largest dog ever
known, the Storekeeper says, are now
being exhibited at the American Mu
seum, of Natural History, New York.
The dog's skull, the bones of his neck
and a part of the larger bones of one
of his hind legs were found in Texas
last year by some of the explorers for
the above mentioned museum. iis
dog, the scientists say, was as large
as the largest polar bear ever seen,
and looked and acted like a bear. Its
bones were found embedded in solid
rock, and it must have been dead when
the rock was forming.
An Old Man's Infatuation.
Recently the wife of T. B Haugh
out' a well-to-do lawyer of Carthage,
Mo., secured a divorce on the groaad
that her husband was infatuated with
his stenographer. A day or two later
the lawyer was taken down with
pneumonia. Learning that he was
not likely to recover, he sent for the
girl and was married on what proved
to be his deathbed. Mr. Haughout
was 58 years old and his second wife
is but 19. several years younger than
his widow's youngest stepdaughter.
Graceful manners are the outward
form of refinement in the mind,' and
good affections in the heart. Long
fellow.
LIVE STOCK
-rY
Grades of Cattle and Profit
At the University of Illinois are be
ing fed six carloads of cattle for the
purpose of ascertaining what grade of
cattle will yield the most profit for
the operation of feeding. These six
carloads consist of sixteen steers each.
They were purchased by Professor
Mumford, who was careful to select
steers for each lot that should be rep
resentative. The six grades were, the
fancy selected, choice, good, medium,
common. Inferior. Every load Is fed
in paved lots of equal size provided
with the same kind and amount of
shelter and the same exposure. The
rations fed to each are of the same
kind and of the same amount to a
thousand pounds live weight of cat
tle, except In such Instances as the
appetites of the cattle belonging to a
certain grade clearly show that they
are being overfed or underfed as com
pared with other grades of cattle used
in this test
A committee of three expert buyers
of live stock visits the station at in
tervals of one month and fixes the
money value gain that each lot has
made per 100 pounds during the pre
ceding month. These three men are
John T. Alexander, Geo W. Shannon
and James Brown, all of Chicago. The
experiment began November 29, 1902.
The market value per 100 weight at
the beginning of the experiment and
the increase of value by May 16, was
as follows:
Lot Purchase Value. Increase.
Fancy $4.75 $1.30
Choice 4.55 1.25
Good 4.20 1.20
Medium 3.85 1.20
Common 3.60 1.00
Inferior 3.35 1.15
Below are the average weights of
the steers in each lot on November 29
and May 16:
Nov. 29. May 16.
Fancy 934 1,360
Choice 1,115 1.544
Good LOW 1,401
Medium 1,022 1,370
Common 966 1.328
Inferior 966 1,302
A little examination of these-figures
shows that on the average a steer of
the fancy lot cost $38,365 and was
worth on May 16, $82.28, a gain in
value of $43,915. A steer of the in
ferior lot cost $32,361 and was worth
on May 16, $58.65, a gain in value of
$26,289. But this is figured on a uni
form market which is correct so far
as this experiment goes. But as a
matter of fact the market has de
clined, and the fancy grades have suf
fered more than the inferior grades.
It seems altogether likely that owing
to this state of the market, the In
ferior grade will prove the most
profitable. But feeding experiments
cannot be adjusted to fluctuations of
the market, and much light is certain
to be shed abroad by this experiment
with carload lots.
Feeding in Summer Drouth.
From the Farmers' Review: The
necessity of maintaining a normal
flow of milk during a summer drouth
will be conceded by all who feed for
profit In complete soiling the Wis
consin Station shows that one acre
of soiling crops equals two and one
half acres ot good bluegrass pasture
for feeding dairy cows. Partial soil
ing Is an economy that no dairy farmer
should neglect Supposing the drouth
to come "about the 25th of June, your
first substitute will be red clover, if
rou have It Don't use rye; it will
taint the milk. If clover is not on
hand, sow Canada peas and oats, each
one and a half bushels per acre. For
a succession 15 or 20 days later, sow
again. If the season proves wet, your
first sowing of peas will be a failure,
as far as the peas are concerned, for
they will lodge and rot off. When
cured before ripe enough to shell, this
makes excellent winter feed, being
rich in protein. Millet sown one
bushel to the acre about the middle
of May, will be ready to succeed the
peas and oats in t0 days. By this
time' King Corn has elevated his ban
ner and should be given right of way.
A plat of some of the early varieties
of sweet corn, followed by another of
Stowell's Evergreen, will carry you
through until the field corn is right,
and no waste land, for every one of
the above mentioned makes good win
ter feed when cured in the proper con
dition. The silo is said to be the
panacea for dry spells, but as I cannot
speak from experience, "silence is
golden." Hoping that the star of al
falfa will soon rise east of the Mis
sissippi, meanwhile experimenting a
little In that direction, we mainly rely
on the method above set forth. Use
brains. They are as necessary as feed.
Weed out Don't feed a cow that only
returns seventy-five cents for a dol
lar's worth of rations. In your selec
tions for mating in your herd, be an
artist Produce your ideal, and future
generations will bless you for any prog,
ress made. Granville Jones, Knox
County, Illinois.
Galloway Show and Sate.
The preliminary catalogue is out
showing the classifications and premi
ums of the Galloway Breeders' Asso
ciation relative to the show at Kan
sas City October 19 to 24, and at
Chicago Nov. 28 to Dec. 5th, 1903. At
Kansas City five premiums are to be
given in each class of breeding stock
and numbered from first to fifth run
$30, 25. $20. $15, $10, a total of $100.
At the Chicago show, in the same
classes, four premiums will be award
ed, and, numbered from one to four,
run $30, $25, $15 and $5, a total of
$75.' The Chicago International will
duplicate this classification. Every
Galloway breeder should send for a
copy of this catalogue, which may be
had of R. W. Park, secretary, 17 Ex
change avenue, Chicago, Illinois.
Waste of Land by Washing.
The agricultural report, year 1885,
page 153, says: The same agencies
which form the soils are also wasting
and carrying them away. During ev
ery rain storm, transportation of soil
goes on, as the brooks and rivers show
after long-continued rains, by the yel
low, muddy color of their waters, that
they are carrying a vast quantity of
sediment towards the sea. The run
ning streams bear along the trans
ported matter and gradually deposit
it as the current diminishes its veloc
ity. When the stream reaches a flat
or level track and over which Its
waters can flow In flood the suspended
matter, consisting principally of sand
and mmd. Is deposited and constitutes
the alluvium or new land.
Some folks would find fault wid
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Cream Thickening,
From Farmers' Review: A dairy
man writes that he is selling cream to
a grocer and a restaurant, that the
cream tests from 25 to 27 per cent fat
and is delivered daily. His customers
complain that the' cream Is too thin,
and he wants to know If there Is some
other way than by ageing the cream
to get the desired body. He writes
that by giving the cream age It Is not
fresh enough to endure the careless
ness of the restaurant help and there
are always complaints about the cream
being sour when he attempts to hold
the cream a day or so in order to
thicken it before delivery to his cus
tomers. He asks if I cannot recommend some
preservative, or presrvallne that Is
harmless and will not Interfere with
the whipping of cream. He says, I
have tried to get the grocer and res
taurant mam to use more care with
the cream, bnt It Is useless, hence the
necessity for some sort of a preserva
tive that will somewhat prolong the
keeping qualities of the cream."
My reply to this letter Is that there
is a law in this state forbidding the
use of any kind of a preservative in
either milk or cream. I do not know
of anything that has been found, up to
the present time, to be absolutely
harmless to the consumer. I mean by
this, that I do not know of any pre
servative that is offered by the trade
that is harmless. There is a sub
stance, however, which has been pre
pared for thickening cream and I
think very likely it will answer the
purpose of this man. It Is what Is
called "Wisconsin Viscogen" and it
can be obtained by writing to Cbas.
S. Baker Co. Grand Crossing Sta
tion, Chicago. This Is a powder that
is sold In pound boxes and sent by
mail. The powder is dissolved in
water and the solution added to the
cream. Directions for using it are
sent with the powder.
It is a fact that separator cream
usually looks, thinner than gravity
cream which contains the same per
cent fat There is something about
the mechanical separation which
breaks up the cream and makes it look
thinner than gravity cream. After
such creax. Is a day or more old its
thickness resembles that of gravity
cream, but many dealers can not wait
for the cream to age for the same rea
son given by this man. E. H. Fairing,
ton, Wisconsin Dairy School.
Cattle at Odebolt Iowa.
The Iowa Agricultural College Is
carrying on some elaborate experi
ments in cattle feeding at the Brook
mont farm at Odebolt, Iowa. The
farm furnishes the animals feed and
labor and builds yards, sheds, and
water tanks according to the plans
furnished by the experiment station.
The station determines the different
lines of feeding to be followed, di
vides the cattle into suitable lots and
details a representative to take con
trol of the work. At the completion of
the experiment, the data obtained is
taken by the experiment station for
publication and the animals are re
turned to the control of the farm
which markets them. Five hundred
steers and five hundred hogs are now
being fattened on the farm in these
co-operative experimects. Three tests
are being made in fattening steers, as
follows: Acclimatization test. light
and heavy ration test, supplementary
feeds test.
In the acclimatization test fifty
head of southern steers are fed in one
lot and fifty head of western steers
in a second lot Each lot Is fed all
the corn and wheat straw they will
eat The object ol this experiment is
to determine from what section of the
country Iowa farmers will find it most
profitable to buy steers to be fat
tened. Three lots of fifty steers each are
fed in the light and heavy ration test
Ail lots are fed all the wheat straw
they will eat. The maximum daily
ration of the first lot will be 16 lbs. of
corn per steer, of the second lot 20
lbs. of com per steer, and of tne third
lot 24 lbs. of corn per steer. The ob
ject is to determine whether light,
medium or heavy feeding of grain to
fattening steers will give the greatest
gains for feed consumed and the most
profit
In the supplementary feeds test five
lots of fifty steers each are fed. AH
lots are fed all the wheat straw they
will eat For a grain ration lot one is
fed corn alone, lot two corn and lin
seed meal, lot three corn and cotton
seed meal, lot four corn and Gluten
feed, and lot five corn and blood meal,
the latter containing 87 per cent pn
tcin.
The object of this test is to deter
mine the effect in fattening steers of
supplementing corn with a feed rich
in protein and also to test the in
fluences in gains and quality of flesh
of the different protein feeds. At the
close of the feeding the 500 head will
be shipped to Chicago and a slaughter
test made with each lot by some lead
ing packing house. In every lot one
hog is kept for each steer to test the
value of the droprings.
In Favor of Sheep.
Sheep have a way of utilizing by
products which no other animals seem
to have, says a publication of the
Iowa Agricultural College. Of the
four or five hundred different plants
which may be found in any locality,
sheep will eat all but a very small
percentage, while cattle and other
stock will touch only a little over one
half. Even if sheep are turned into
an ideal pasture they will now and
then nibble at the weeds; extermina
tion of the weeds results. When the
grain is harvested and taken from
the field the place for the sheep is
in the stubble. Rose bushes, wild
buckwheat and the weeds and grasses
to be found in the fence corners and
fence rows fall victims to them and
furnish fall feed, thereby fulfilling a
two-fold purpose for their owners;
that of destroying these pests and
converting these waste products into
good mutton and wool. The lamb
crop may be fattened and developed in
the corn fields in the fall. If at the
laat cultivation of the corn Dwarf
Essex rape is planted between the
rows in the moist soil it will make
very rapid growth and by weaning
time it will be ready for the lambs.
Old sheep cannot be turned in this
way because they will pull down the
corn; lambs, however, will do no dam
aee. but on the other hand they will
eat much of the pigeon grass and I
other weeds.
The "cushion" is the mass of feath
ers over the rump of a hen. covering
the tail chiefly develoned in Cochins-.
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The Artichoke Field.
From the Farmers Review: But
a few years ago great claims
were made In favor of the artichoke,
especially as food for swine. In fact
many of these claims seem to be so
exaggerated that many farmers have
lost faith entirely in the merits of
this tuber crop. Their real value is
no doubt underestimated by the gen
eral public. One important factor In
its favor Is its ability to remain in
the soil all winter and still retain its
germinating power. It also has a won
derful habit of surmounting all diffi
culties and growing against all oppo
sition. This characteristic of the plant
enables the farmer to grow artichokes
from year to year on the same ground
with little or no outlay for making
a seed bed or cultivating the crop.
Also if this tendency is well under
stood there is little need of the farm
er letting this plant become a weed
pest In his garden, lawn or cultivated
field. It is well then to consider the
location for the artichoke field. If in
the near future the land Is intended
for a- garden or for a hoed crop ot
any kind It should not be planted to
artichokes, for once in the ground
they become a veritable weed pest and
continue so for years to come. They
must be planted where stock can be
pastured if" so desired to kill them
off. The tops are greedily eaten by
cattle and horses, and if allowed to
bite them for a summer or two they
die out
If the artichoke patch can be plant
ed in or near a feed lot, away from
cultivated land or the garden and
where It can be used for pasturing
hogs for several years, the artichoke
crop can be very cheaply grown after
the first planting and prove indeed a
very profitable crop.
Keep in mind, however, that they
are not rich food; they do not in pro
portion to bulk, contain large amounts
of the elements, protein, carbohydrates
and fat All are in dilute form. Water
Is the principal constituent of the raw
artichoke, and the protein element is,
indeed, quite insignificant.
It belongs to that class of farm
products that is worth more for feed
ing than its chemical analysis shows.
Pumpkins, beets, turnips, cabbage,
rape and sorghum cane are also mem
bers of this class.
Every feeder knows that cattle,
hogs and sheep will gain much faster
when fed on grass or clover. The
same is true, if pumpkins are fed with
the corn ration. In the winter during
many dry days the hogs can not get
anything green, the pumpkins are
gone. When fed corn alone, they be
come sluggish and oftentimes so
fevered that they eat lightly of the
corn ration resulting in very slow
growing. Here Is where the artichoke
field can play a strong hand. When
the ground is not frozen, if the hogs
are turned into it, they get exercise
harvesting the tubers and the effect
of eating the roots is to cool the sys
tem Improve digestion and assimila
tion. The animal eats more grain
and makes a greater per cent of gain
for grain consumed.
The first planting of artichokes Is
very-much like planting potatoes. The
tubers are cut so as to have a germi
nating eye for every piece. They are
then planted in rows just as potatoes
are planted and cultivated during their
early growth. The next season the
.tubers will permeate the entire soil
and the plants will grow thick, promis
cuously over the area. If they are to
be cultivated in after years space
must be cut out, and the standing
plants made ic a row together as In
the first year. If heavily pastured
the hogs will do the breaking, and
then by attaching gopher knives to the
cultivator shanks it is comparatively
easy to arrange rows for cultivation.
Try a patch where you can pasture
them if not satisfactory. Remember
to keep them entirely away from the
garden, lawn or cultivated fields. W.
B. Anderson.
Irrigation in Humid States.
A circular of the United States De
partment of Agriculture says: The
rise in prices of agricultural lands in
the last few years has made it neces
sary that farmers should get the
largest possible return from their
lands, and has created a general in
terest in whatever will help to that
end. One of the aids now being con
sidered is irrigation. In the East it
is not, as in the West, absolutely
necessary for the raising of any crops,
but like fertilizing or thorough culti
vation, is a means of increasing the
returns from land. The whole ques
tion is whether it will pay. The re
port of irrigation investigations of the
Department of Agriculture for the
year 1901. carried on under the direc
tion of Elwood Mead, gives some val
uable data on this question. The re
port covers experiments in Missouri,
Wisconsin and New Jersey. A series
of experiments extending over sev
eral years at the Wisconsin Experi
ment Station at Madison show a
marked increase in yields of farm
crops. The average increase in the
yield of clover' hay on irrigated land
over that from unirrigated land has
been 2.5 tons per acre; the average
increase in yield of corn has been
26.95 bushels per acre; and potatoes
show a gain of 83.9 bushels per acre.
The annual cost of irrigation at Mad
ison has been $6.68 per acre, not in
cluding any interest on the invest
ment, but including all extra labor.
At current prices this leaves a net
profit from irrigation of about $20 per
acre on hay, $11 per acre on corn,
and $73 per acre on potatoes. The
conditions of soil and climate at Mad
ison do not differ from those of the
Middle West generally, and the re
sults given above show that where
water can be obtained without too
large an outlay Irrigation as a part
of intensive farming Is very profitable.
Milk Exposed to Foul Odors.
Besides bad fermentations, there is
another cause of poorly flavored but
ter, says Oscar Erf. This comes from
cream or milk having been exposed to
foul odors, which are absorbed and
given to the butter. The theory that
milk does not absorb odors when
warm and cooling has long been aban
doned. Experiments show that milk
in that condition is even more suscep
tible to odors than in any other state.
In the ripening process this odor can
be partly eliminated by aeration or by
pasteurization of the cream, but in
caseof a bad fermentation some an
tagonistic germ must be added in or
der to check the progress of the un
desirable one. This antagonistic fer
mentation is commonly known as a
starter, and if properly prepared con
tains the right kind of flavor produc
ing bacteria. . ...
POULTPY1
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Location ef Poultry He
The location of the poultry house la
a matter that should receive more at
tention than it usually does receive.
Whether a few kens are to be kept
or many, a mistake in this matter Is
likely to prove unfortunate. Not long
ago the writer visited a newly estab
lished poultry ranch where the owner
was devoting all his time to the busi
ness of poultry raising. He had built
good houses, some of them of the
most expensive kind, and had con
structed large yards for his fowls.
But the whole place of several acres
was apparently nndrained, and the
soil was heavy in character. After a
rain, the water would be weeks in
draining off. and would remain for a
long time in the open ditches. It was
a wonder how the fowls could keep
healthy in such a place. The owner
reported the loss of a good many
chicks from unrecognized diseases. It
was therefore no surprise to the
writer to learn recently that he had
gone out of the business. Not far
from that location Is another poultry
farm on similar nndrained soil, and
where the disadvantages from this
cause are very great Poultry houses
should be located on soil that Is dry.
If heavy, it rhould be most thoroughly
drained. In the case of a poultry es
tablishment of considerable magni
tude this means a large expense, but
it is an expense that cannot be avoid
ed. Otherwise, the surroundings will
be damp and so will be the poultry
houses; and damp poultry houses in
vite diseases. When diseases once get
into such places they are difficult to
eliminate. One of our best poultry
men declares that failure in the poul
try business is moro often due to
filthy poultry houses combined with
dampness than to any other cause. A
dry porous soil (so naturally or by
underdraining) controls to a very
great extent the amount of moisture
in the poultry houses. Such a loca
tion should be selected if possible. A
heavy undrained soil prevents the per
colation through it of the droppings,
and they are retained near the sur
face. This soon renders the surface
unclean. A sandy soil will absorb
these droppings whenever there are
rains to dissolve them. This Is a
matter of prime importance' in keep
ing fowls in a healthy condition.
Where farmers are too busy to give
their fowls suitable attention, it is
all the more necessary to select a
naturally favorable location for the
poultry house.
Minorca.
This variety of fowls belongs to the
Mediterranean class and they are
placed next to the Leghorns, in laying
qualities. They are in appearance
very similar to the Leghorn. Their
general outline is, in fact, that of the
latter, but of more length of body and
heavier in mold. Indeed, they are
the only variety of the Mediterranean
class that has a given weight which
approaches that of the Wyandotte,
being only one-half pound lighter than
the last named. The origin of the
Minorca, like that of so many others
of our profitable poultry. Is much in
doubt Some are of the opinion that
they originally came from Minorca, an
island in the Mediterranean Sea. one
of the Balearic Isles, while others
contend they are a variety of the
Black Spanish. Be that as it may.
they are one of the most profitable
breeds of poultry for the farm that is
known. For table purposes they are
good, the flesh being white or light
colored and fine grained. Their chief
property Js their egg production.
They are nonsitters and ycar-around
layers. As winter layers they are ex
ceptionally good when kept under
fairly favorable circumstances.
Percheron Breeders Meet
A special meeting of the directors
of the American Percheron Horse
Breeders' Association was held at tho
Grand Pacific hotel in Chicago on
Wednesday, May 20. Reports wero
presented by the secretary and treas
urer showing the association to be in
good financial condition and that the
registrations for the past four months
were in excess of those received in
the corresponding four months of last
year. Resolutions were passed au
thorizing the treasurer to pay all out
standing bills for advertising, etc. It
was voted that $500 in medals be given
to the American Royal Show to be
distributed as special premiums for
Percheron exhibit at their show to
be held at Kansas City, Mo., this com
ing fall; it was also voted that this
be duplicated for special premiums to
be awarded to Percherons exhibited
at the International Live Stock Ex
position to be held in Chicago in De
cember. A resolution was carried
unanimously recommending that the
association give $1,000 in cash to be
awarded as special premiums at the
Louisiana Purchase Exposition to be
held at St. Louis, Mo., 1904. S. D.
Thompson, secretary.
Putting in Clover.
In a communication to Ontario
farmers, A. D. Shamel said: I will
say that our farmers have followed
the practice of putting up clover ha
green for the past five years, with
universal success. The clover is usu
ally cut down in the evening, allowed
to wilt the next morning, and stored
in the mow in the afternoon. This
process prevents the loss of leaves
after the ordinary process of curing,
and places the hay in the very best
possible condition for future use.
When this hay is taken out of the
mow it comes as fresh and green as
the day it was put in, without any
dust or mold. The only precaution
that seems necessary is to keep the
mow as tightly closed as possible for
a few days after the hay has been
stored in the barn, and until the heat
from the processes of fermentation
has disappeared. There have been
some cases of spontaneous combus
tion reported, but these are usually
the results of storing partially green
hay in stacks, rather than the gr?eo
hay directly from the neUL
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