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NEWSY STATE BRIEFS.
Sterling has decided not to celebrate
oa Jnly 4 this year.
Salaries of all the school teachers
of Stromburg have been raised.
The republican state convention will
be held at Lincoln, August 18.
There were 91 graduates at the Lin
coln high school commencement.
Farmers about Taylor are cutting
the fret crop of alfalfa. It la excep
tionally heavy.
Smallpox has again made its appear
aace In Beatrice in a wild form. Three
cases are reported.
A daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Bagg.
living in the west part of Nelson, was
terribly burned by an explosion of
gasoline and her life is in grave dan
ger? Fire at Greenwood destroyed the
buildings and the entire stock of lum
ber, line, coal, cement and other ma
terials belonging to M. D. Kern. The
loss will be from $15,000 to $18,000.
Lightning struck the steeple of the
Catholic church at Fairmont. By the
exertion of the Are department, aided
by the citizens, the lire was extin
guished with the loss of the steeple.
The twentieth annual commencement
of the York High school had the larg
est number of graduates in the history
of the school. There were twelve
young women and sixteen young men.
Deputy Game Warden Raney and
Marshall Kane arrested Herman
Berche, he having brought into Nor
folk, it Is charged, fifty-four fish, twice
as many as the law allows for a sin
gle day's catch.
The entertainment given at Beatrice
- for the benefit of the flood sufferers
was largely attended. About $175 was
realized and that amount will be
promptly turned over to the proper
committees to aid in buying food and
clothing.
The body of an unidentified man was
discovered by some boys alongside the
Union Pacific tracks about three miles
east or Ames. He was lying with his
head near the rail and the top of his
head was fractured. There were no
other bruises upon him.
Eddie England, a seventeen-year-old
boy employed at the Depot hotel. Nor
folk, whose parents live in Omaha, was
drowned in the Elkhorn river south of
Norfolk. With two companions, it was
proposed to swim across the river, but
the current overcame England and he
sank.
The German Telephone company filed
articles of Incorporation with the
county clerk at Beatrice. The paid up
capital of the company is $2,000. with
the privilege of increasing the amount
at any time, and the place of doing
business is in Logan township, that
county.
The report, of Warden Beemer of the
state penitentiary for May shows there
are now 279 convicts. During the
month ten have been discharged and
oae paroled. Nine convicts were re
ceived during the month, one returned
from the insane asylum and one re
turned from parole.
Michael Lamb of Greeley county was
sentenced to nine years in the peniten
tiary by the refusal of the supreme
court to reverse the decision of the
district court of Greeley county. The
crime was committed August 22. 1902.
A car of cattle was stolen from the
range of the Rooney Cattle company
and driven to Cedar Rapids. Neb., and
shipped.
Shelby A. Fowler, who has been two
years in the Transvaal as a soldier in
the British army, has just returned
to his parents' home in Ashland. He
states that he saw service and enjoyed
his experience. On his way home he
made a trip into Canada to take up a
land claim on a British soldier's war
rant Two men were killed and one dan
gerously injured near the railroad
bridge across Beaver creek a half mile
west of Genoa on the Cedar Rapids
branch of the Union Pacific railroad
by a collision between a stock train
and the handcar of the Genoa section
crew. There were five men upon the
handcar. Three of them saved their
lives by jumping.
From December 1 to June 1 the num
ber of inmates of the Hastings insane
asylum has decreased from 915 to 873,
according to the statement of the sup
erintendent, W. B. Kerns. During the
six months forty-one patients have
died, one escaped and two were dis
charged as having regained their
minds. Only ten persons were admit
ted during this time.
State Superintendent Fowler has is
sued a pamphlet containing the date
and places of holding the various coun
ty institutes and the state examina
tions. These latter will be held at
Lincoln. Norfolk. Alliance. North
Platte. Holdrege. McCook and Valen
tine on August 6. 7 and 9. In Douglas
county the Institute will be held in
Omaha, beginning August 24 and con
tinue one week.
The ministers of Beatrice this month
are having a busy time with June mar
riages. The Nebraska National guard of
Kearney was inspected by a United
States army oftlcer. Captain Cronin of
the Twenty-tfth infantry. The com-
pany acquitted itself creditably and
gave evidence of being in first-clas3
condition.
W. M. Foalks. one of the employes
of the Nebraska City telephone com
pany came near being electrocuted. He
was caught in a telephone wire that
was crossed with an electric light wire
and was badly burned and became un
conscious before being released.
The end of a long and exciting mur
der trial at the town of Gering in the
-sand hills came when James Robinson
was found guilty of the murder of
Elmer Thayer, and was sentenced to
the penitentiary for life. The two
atea were rival foremen on cattle
ranches, and the trouble between them
had Its begianiag in litigation over
.the eeattrel of a cattle camp.
Eer. -Cross' of the Congregational
.charck. York, has handed la his reeig
tietiiWt kit parlsBoaers are loth
to
Nebraska.
tniiKiiiiiuit imimiimm
NEBRASKA AT ST. LOUIS FAIR.
Superintendent Walsh Says Antelope
State Will Make Fine Showing.
James Walsh of Benson, who will
superintend the Nebraska agricultural
exhibit at the St Louis expositioa, has
announced some of the plans under
way to give the state an. adequate rep
resentation in products.
"The agricultural department will be
looked after for all there is in it," he
said, "and that means a great deal.
Nebraska pre-eminently is an agricul
tural state and proper care only is re
quired to collect a display that in many
particulars will outrival anything in
the United States. We expect to beat
the country on the grass exhibition,
for the state produces more and better
grown varieties of grass than any oth
er state state owing to the great di
versity cf climate and soil. The same
is true of grains. Communications
that I have received show conclusively
that there will be no lack of interest
Experts in various counties are offer
ing their services in the selection and
preservation of the grasses and grains.
"The early grasses are already being
selected for the exhibition in Saline
and Adams counties, which are ban
ner counties in this regard. During
July, when the early grains are har
vested, I will make a trip through the
state in order to give instructions in
the proper manner of reaping and cur
ing, which are matters that very few
understand. In the fall the collec
tions will be brought to Omaha, as
sorted, examined and prepared.
"So far as the live stock is concern
ed. I anticipate the fair commissioners
will announce inducements that will
make it worth while for the stockmen
of Nebraska to exhibit."
SESSION LAWS ARE LATE.
They Will Come from the Printers
About July 1st
The session laws, which shouia
have been out by this time, will prob
ably come from the printers about
July 1. The cause of the delay was
the slowness of the state printing
board in letting the contract
In the meantime State Superintend
ent Fowler has received from the
printer his "School Laws and School
Land Laws of Nebraska, as revised
and amended in 1903. with explanatory
notes, citations, supreme court deci
sions and official decisions of the state
superintendent, for the use of school
officers."
This little publications contains 217
pages and is being sent out now as
fast as received from the printers.
Confer on Farmers' Elevators.
YORK Great interest is taken by
the local committee in the meeting of
the farmers of the Fourth congression
al district All the fanners interest
ed in the independent grain elevator,
living in the Fourth congressional dis
trict, will meet in York June 10. Ex
Governor Savage will be one of the
speakers. There are several independ
ent grain elevators in York county and
two or three more are being agitated.
Proof Against Electric Current
NEBRASKA CITY William Foltes.
an employe of the Nebraska City Tele
phone company, was caught on a live
electric wire and received a voltage
of 2,200. Strange to say, he is but
slightly injured by burns and will re
cover. Will Hold Annual Picnic
WAYNE The Northwestern Ne
braska Logrolling association of the
M. W. A. will hold their annual picnic
at Wayne. Neb.. July 3 and 4. It will
be a great event in the history of tne
association.
REPORT FROM THE HOSPITAL.
Chief Clerk Mickey Shows Receipts
and Expenses.
LINCOLN Chief Clerk Mickey has
finished checking up the annual re
port from the Lincoln hospital for the
insane. The report indicates that it
has cost to run the institution for the
past six months $44,947.29. or a per
capita of $76.76. Of this $3,800 was
for salaries, while seventy-five attend
ants and other employes were paid
$11,012. The board and clothing ex
pense amount to $19,396. Beside this
there were used supplies from the
farm connected with the institution
amounting to $2,717.
O'Brien is Reappointed.
W. J. O'Brien of South Bend has
been reappointed fish commissioner
and for the next two years will have
charge of the fish hatcheries. Mrs. R.
Stewart, who has been the stenog
rapher in the office under Game War
den Simpkins. will be retained by Mr.
Carter. Mr. O'Brien was appointed
over a number of applicants in recog
nition of his good work during the
time he has filled the office. He had
strong recommendations.
Wayne Expects Banner Crop.
WAYNE Farmers throughout
out Wayne county, in response to in
quiries as to the prospects of crops
for the present year, report that small
grains are yielding abundantly, and
that the hay crop will be enormous.
Corn, although some of it has been de
layed a little by too much rain, is not
seriously damaged, and with favora
ble weather for the balance of the sea
son, bids fair to be one of the biggest
crops for years.
Few Applications for Water.
During the last six months only
twelve persons have askeu the state
for water for irrigation purposes.
Nearly all of these applications are for
water in the White river in northwest
ern Nebraska. In nearly all other por
tions of the state all the available wat
er has been appropriated. Secretary
Dobson believes that most of the fu
ture irrigation development will be.
along the line of storage reservoirs to
save the flood waters.
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DAIRYING IN TURKEY
Sheep fat Is said te he the popular
substitute for hatter ia Turkey,
where little better of any kind Is man
ufactared. What little batter Is used
in the great cities, like Constantinople
fa imported from Siberia, probably by
the way of the Black Sea ports. The
Turks have never tried to encourage
dairying, hut it is said that receatly
they have shown themselves a good
deal interested in the subject A kind
of butter Is made in Turkey, bat it is
evidently more of a full cream soft
cheese than butter. Fermented milk
is put into a jar or a goat skim and
enough hot water is added to raise
the temperature to 80 degrees. The
"churn" is agitated for 40 minutes,
when batter forms, but it Is evident
that It has a good deal of water and
curd with it The milk is more often
the product of the sheep and goat
than of the cow, and the result Is a
very whittisk looking stuff. A few
American churns have been exhibited
and shown in actual work. The 'Turks
have expressed their astonishment
and delight at seeing yellow butter
turned out of the American churns
in less than ten minutes.
A SANITARY MILK PAIL.
We illustrate here the kind of milk
pall used in the experiments at the
Storrs' Experiment Station in Con
necticut Bulletin 25 of that station
says: Two kinds of milking pails
were used In these experiments. One
was a regular, open pail; the other
was a pail of special design. An il
lustration of the latter is given in the
cut below. It Is an ordinary milk
pail with a closely fitting cover, which
has aa opening near one side into
which is soldered a funnel four Inches
in diameter having a wire gauze of
fine mesh soldered across the bot
tom. This funnel extends slightly
above and below the cover, and slopes
somewhat toward the side of the pail.
Another funnel, which is loose, fits
inside of the first one. When the pail
is to be used, a few layers of clean
cheese cloth are placed across the
opening of the lower funnel and the
loose funnel is pushed in to hold the
cheese cloth in position. The whole
apparatus is simple in structure and
can be easily cleaned.
SHALL SMALL CREAMERIES PAS
TEURIZE? We are frequently asked, is it ad
visable for a small creamery to make
pastuerized butter? said M. Morten
son before a buttermakers convention.
The only one that can answer that
question to any satisfaction is the
man who is buying the butter; if he
wants to have the product pasteur
ized and is willing to pay the extra
cost then it will pay to pasteurize
because the butter will always give
better satisfaction. It is a fact that
the buttermaker who is pasteurizing
his cream has several advantages
over the one who is not By pasteur
izing the cream and adding a starter
he secures perfect control of ferment
ations and he will be enabled to make
a uniform grade of butter. Of course
it is necessary that he keep a good
starter on hand all the time, he can
never depend on luck the way he
often does when he is handling raw
cream.
By pasteurizing it is also possible
to remove taints caused by foods con
sumed by the animal, also taints that
have been absorbed by the milk
from unfavorable surroundings. Fla
vors or taints caused by bacteria
cannot be removed by heating. One
point strongly in favor of this sys
tem is the keeping quality which pas
teurized butter possesses. If we de
sire to compete for the foreign trade
we must make pasteurized butter. A
dealer in Montreal informed me that
he would willingly pay one cent more
for pasteurized than for raw cream
butter. Another in Manchester, Eng
land, when showing mc one of the
best makes of Danish butter said:
"This is nearly perfect butter; you
would probably want higher flavor,
but we are a little inclined to call
that butter strong which the Amer
icans pronounce high flavor." The
requirements are gradually changing
in this country. People seem to like
pasteurized butter very well after
they have once tasted it. .One thing
is evident, the American people as
well as the English want butter with
keeping qualities and no other kind
meets the requirements as well as
pasteurized butter.
SMALL MEETINGS OF DAIRYMEN.
It has become customary in some
localities of the West for the man
agers of creameries to get together
their patrons and discuss matters of
mutual Interest Sometimes two or
three creameries are interested, es
pecially if they be all under one man
agement These small .meetings are
frequently more effective than are
large ones, as the speakers are freer
in their remarks and get down to the
problems that are continually coming
up for solution. Such meetings make
it possible for the butter maker or
manager to get better acquainted
with the patrons of the factory and
find out a good many things that are
bound to work to his advantage, in
his efforts to hold his milk makers.
Dairying rightly coadected tends to
improve the land. This means the
use of rotation crops la providing feed
for the animals and the purchase of
concentrated feeds to balance the pro
tein that is carried off In milk.
By pruning away a part of the leaf
buds, the fruitfulness of a tree may
be increased; and by pruning away
the fruit spurs, bearing may be pre
vented and more vigor thrown into the
remaining shoots.
The Langshans, being natives of
Northern China, are easily acclimated
to oar country, and jure extremely
hardy, withstanding readily the sever
est weather.
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FOUNDATION OF GROWTH.
What we call cells make np the
body of all plants. Some of the Yery
smallest forms of plant life are sands
up of few cells, bat most plants have
millions of these. Take a compomad
microscope, and place ander tt a sec
tion from any plant; it will be tommd
to consist entirely off 'cells arraacea
side by side or one over another.
Some of the cells may be alive aad
some dead. In large plants most of
the cells are dead, evea thoagfc the
plants themselves may be growbjf
vigorously. A cell is a minete globu
lar body with a tough wall inclosiBg a
fluid interior, which is called bio
plasm. This bioplasm has the power
to draw to itself more fluid through
the cell wall and thus increase the
size of the cell. When the cell can
grow no larger it divides itself Into
two by the drawing in of the cell wall,
just as a sausage maker divides his
sausages by twisting and thus cob.
tractlng the skin. Each of these parti
cells then grows to the size of the
original cell and itself divides. This
explains the rapid growth of plants at
some stages, after they have got a
good start, as we say, and it also ex.
plains their slow growth at first Any
scholar that has ever tried to doable
a number for twenty or thirty times
will understand. Said a man to the
king of Burmah: "Give me a grain
of wheat for the first square on the
checker board, 2 for the second, 4 for
the third, and so on for the whole 64
squares." Said the king: "Certainly,
I command that it be done." His min
isters found there was not wheat
enough in the kingdom to pay the
bill. That is how cells multiply. It
is why we wake up some morning
to find that the weeds have got ahead
of us that they have overran every
thing. He who understands this and
is wise will assail the weeds when
they are at a stage of slow growth
rather than wait till they are on the
gallop.
In time most cells lose their power
of division or increasing in size. These
walls become thicker and harder and
their interior solidifies. They have
been squeezed into various shapes.
Growth having ceased, they are
known as dead cells, when they are
of use only as supports to those that
are growing. When vitality Is great
and nourishment abundant cell growth
goes on rapidly, bat 'when either of
these Is lacking the growth is slow.
ABSORBING POWER OF ROOTS.
When a seed sprouts the first thing
it does Is to put forth a root for the
purpose of absorbing water and other
mineral matter necessary for the
further development of the plant.
This root poshes Itself Into the son
by cell multiplication at its tip, and
gets thicker by new layers all around
it We thus see that the root extends
itself into the soil by almost irrislstl
ble force, and is able to penetrate
hard substances that it never could
penetrate if it grew from behind and
pushed itself forward as the nails of
our fingers do. This mode of growth
also makes the soil tightly packed
around the entire root surface, even
to the minutest fibers, and thus en
ables them readily to absorb such
nourishment as the soil may contain
for the plant The power to absorb
is greatest in the small root fibers, or
spongioles, as they are called, and
gradually diminishes as the roots
grow older and thicker. Now, when
we remove a plant from the soil we
break off thousands of these spon
gioles, no matter how much care we
take or how much we believe in the
whole root theory; and thus the pow
er of the plant to absorb is greatly
diminished. When we place it in the
soil again, we are unable to make the
soil come into such close contact with
the roots as it was when the roots
had extended themselves into the soil
by their growth; but this may be
done to a certain extent by having
tbe soil well pulverized and then
injuring water around the plant im
mediately after it has been set in the
pulverized soil. This will cause the
soil to settle around the roots, though
the roots will not press against it till
they resume their .growth. Prof. H.
W. Specking.
FEEDING MOLASSES TO HORSES.
A report of the Department of Agri
culture says: It is interesting to note
the result obtained by G. E. Griffin in
the experimental feeding of cane-sugar
molasses to army horses in Porto Rico.
In accordance with the local custom,
this material was fed with chopped
grass, the ration being gradually sub
stituted for the usual ration of oats
and hay. The molasses was diluted
with 25 per cent of water, and as much
as possible was mixed with the
chopped grass. The remainder was
added to the drinking water. The test
reported continued some five months
and led to the deduction that 35
pounds of grass and 13 to 15 pounds of
molasses daily per 1,000 pounds live
weight is sufficient to maintain a horse
in good condition in a climate like
that of Porto Rico. This method of
feeding, it was believed, had some dis
advantages, which were as follows:
Molasses attracts insects, notably flies
and ants; it sticks to the animal's
coat, smears his face and breast, halter
and halter strap, soils the clothing
and equipment of the men, and causes
some trouble and delay in mixing it
with the grass, which must be cut fine.
G. H. Berns reports the successful
feeding of molasses to 100 draft horses
working ten hours a day hauling very
heavy loads usually at a walk. The
horses averaged 1,700 pounds in
weight and were fed per head, night
and morning. 1 quart of molasses di
luted with 2 quarts of water and .thor
oughly mixed with 6 pounds of cut hay
of good quality, 1.5 quarts of corn
meal, and 2.5 quarts of coarse bran.
In addition they were fed 5 quarts ol
dry oats in the middle of the day and
11 pounds of long hay at night It is.
stated that the horses gradually im
proved in condition and gained ic
weight during the fourteen moathf
covered by the test their coats becom
ing sleek and glossy, while the amount
oi work performed was the same af
before the molasses ration wa
adopted.
Only Two Europeans Honored.
Gen. Gordon and M. Prosper Gigue
are the only Europeans to whom has
ever been granted the right to weai
the Chinese yellow jacket.
Langshans are natives of Northerx
China. They were introduced into Eng
land in 1872, and later Into this coma
try. They have already takea aigt
rank as a breed. They are great win
ter layers. -
-DUCK CULTURE.
NO. II.
From The Farmers' Review: Oar
larsery Broader Is 150 feet long. 24
eet wide, a heater at one end with
oar hot water pipes running the
thole length down the middle. Over
aese te a board walk about four feet
side, oae and one-quarter inch pine.
Jester pipes are 6 Inches from ground
loor. They gradually rise until at
'either end they are over 12 inches
.'rom floor. Every feet is partition
id Off fc. a pen with cloth tacked
n each side of walk to keep tb.
ararm air under pipes. This cloth is
slit nearly to top every 2 or 4 inches,
so ducklings can go in or oat by
pressing on same.
The flrst one or two days we keep
a board op edgeways about oae foot
from hover. This is to keep them
near the heat until they learn to
go in and oat themselves. After this
they have the whole pen, 6x12 peti
tion in center of walk under pipes,
one on each side walk until two
weeks old, when they are let run in
oat-door pens 6x50. Oar first feed is
equal parts cornmeal, bran and brok
en crackers, if we can get them, with
a little fine sand like granulated sugar.
the whole mixed with warm water
that has stood in sun an hour. We
feed four times daily what they eat
up quickly first four days on flat
boards, after that in small V-shaped
troughs.
When ducklings are four weeks old
they are removed to the cold brooder,
which has a hot water pipe, running
around house on Inside one foot alga,
in summer this is not heated. This
house should be 30 feet wide, petition
ed in the' middle, pens running both
ways 6 feet wide, 100 feet long. Duck
lings are, watered and fed out
side if weather will permit Flat
bottomed troughs 6 Inches wide
and four feet long are used for
feeding, and same, size for water.
Pipes running through pens furnish
water. Inside troughs for feeding in
nursery are V-shaped with a fountain
for water holding a pail of water. In
cold brooder ducks are fed equal part
cornmeal, bran, ground oats, with
enough low-grade flour to make it
ball up nicely, and 8 per cent beef
scrap. When six weeks old they are
removed to pens 25x100 and fed and
watered in trough same as for breed
ing ducks, For two weeks they are
fed equal parts cornmeal and bran,
with some low-grade floor, and 10
per cent beef scrap. The next two
weeks they are fed two-thirds corn
meal, one-third bran, some low-grade
flour and 12 per cent beef scrap.
They are now ten weeks old and
should be ready for market, weighing
5 to 6 pounds each. Some use a shed
for them to ran under in last pens.
Others not any, bat have pens well
drained. When ready to kill, docks
are driven into a shed and fattest
ones are killed by hanging up by the
feet and a slit cut in throat crosswise,
the head being held firm by a wire
run through the nose. When through
bleeding, they are taken down and
given to the pickers, who scald them
in hot water, then remove the feath
ers quickly, after which they are
plumped by v plunging into hot water,
then into ice water. They ce now
placed in tubs of water for two or
three hours, until animal heat Is all
out then packed in barrels of ice
water and kept until shipped to mar
ket which is every day in the after
noon. W. R. Cartiss, Niagara County,
New York.
POULTRY POINTS.
The so-called "egg-producing"
breeds are generally poor sitters. The
men that have handled them for some
centuries back have done their best to
drive out of them the sitting procliv
ity. This will have to be taken into
consideration by the man that is try
ing to raise chicks from any of the
Mediterranean class of fowls. Too
often such a fowl shows an inclina
tion to sit and is given a sitting of
eggs. She hovers them for a few
days, and until change has begun in
the eggs; and then, some morning the
owner goes out to the poultry house
and finds Mrs. Leghorn sitting on the.
roost and the eggs chilled beyond re
covery. In raising this clsss of chicks
an incubator or one of the feathered
matrons from another breed Is de
sirable. The best egg producers are sap
posed to be those that have large
combs. Tbe presumption is that a
supply of blood must be kept for re
inforcing the organs that produce
eggs. But these large combs are very
susceptible to the effects of frost
This is especially true of the single
combs. This has led to the breed
ing of "rosecombs," but these, when
very large, are also easily taken by
the frost The only effective method
of preventing this is to have warm
quarters for the fowls and have them
free from drafts.
The fowls of the Mediterranean
class are great foragers. On this ac
count they both need less corn than
most other breeds if they be permit
ted to forage, and are' less injured by
a heavy corn ration if they do get it
Being very active, they born up the
surplus carbon, using a large amount
of energy in getting around, scratch
ing and so forth. So it is not snr
nrisine to learn that one eastern sta
tion has actually found that for Leg
horns corn is a good ration.
QUICK CHANGES OF TEMPERA
TURE. Regarding the efficiency of contin
uous pasteurizers, Mr. Monrad in his
book on "Pasteurization" quotes the
following from Dr. Eaton: "The ef
ficiency of the continuous pasteurizer
is very likely due to the extremes In
temperature, to the rapidity with
which the heat is applied and to the
sudden cooling of the milk." The
same author quotes Dr. Stohman:
"The killing of tbe bacteria will be
promoted. through the sadden change
of temperature." Actual experiments
have been conducted by the experi
ment station at Geneva, N. Y. Re
sults there obtained with tempera
"tares from 175 to 185 degrees F. were
very satisfactory. According to Dr.
Bang of the Danish Experiment Sta
tion, the danger from the germs of
tuberculosis in the milk is removed
by immediate heating of milk to 185
degrees F. followed by Immediate
cooling.
"Messy" te the term used for con
fused or indistinct marking ia the
plumage.
Nature is supposed to be infallible,
yet it gave the rooster a comb, but no
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LIVE STOCK
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SHEEP IN THE UNITED STATES.
Sheep ia the United States on the
flrst ef January, 1903, numbered by
states. Were as follows:
Name ..................... 397,445
New Hampshire 89,788
Vermont 273,876
Massachusetts 48.231
Rhode Island . 10,393
Connecticut 34,600
New York 1.397.845
New Jersey :. . . . 47,037
Pennsylvania 1,133,437
Delaware 12,067
Maryland 166,902
Virginia 596,160
North Carolina 220,682
South Carolina ..,. 61,291
Florida 99,067
Alabama 212,797
Mississippi 199,456
Louisiana 178,439
Texas 1,736.603
ArKasBScsS -Is X"i
Tennessee 326,498
West Virginia 705,382
Kentucky '. 790,966
Ohio 3,447,786
Michigan 2,465.221
Indiana 1,355,436
Illinois 988,174
Wisconsin ' 1,473,197
Minnesota 564,107
Iowa 898,040
Missouri 810,543
Kansas 271,360
Nebraska 536.239
South Dakota 918.065
North Dakota 827.781
Montana 8,932.311
Wyoming 5,826.150
Colorado 2,337,365
New Mexico 5,677,156
Arizona 1,099,180
Utah 3,570,070
Nevada 1.034.826
luano ............... t,o'x,ox
Washington 1,146,583
Oregon 3,569,754
California 2,365,884
Oklahoma 67,623
Indian Territory 26.349
United States 63.964.876
This shows an increase of 2,359,065
over three years ago. A study of the
figures above and a comparison with
three years ago show a most surpris
ing state of affairs. The whole sheep
breeding industry seems to be gravi
tating more and more toward the great
ranges along the foothills of the
Rocky Mountains. All of the Eastern
and Southern states have lost in num
bers of sheep, some of them heavily,
with the exception of Delaware, which
reports an increase of 302. All of the
states of the middle West have lost
heavily. Practically everywhere east
of the Mississippi sheep interests are
on the decline. An equilibrium seems
to exist in Kansas, Nebraska, South
Dakota, North Dakota and Indian Ter
ritory, each of which reports a small
gain.
Of the large sheep raising states the
following decreases are reported:
Texas. 152,693; Ohio. 572,842; Michi
gan, 282,388; Indiana. 386.566; Illi
nois, 42.407; Wisconsin. 202.256; Colo
rado. 225,988; Utah, 248,353; Califor
nia, 200.531.
The gains, except as mentioned
above, are as follows: Montana. 2,761,
828; Wyoming, 726,537; New Mexico,
777.669; Arizona, 174.419; Nevada.
147,787; Idaho, 1.420.2S3; Washington,
216,710; Oregon. 529.466.
EFFECT OF PROTEIN FEEDS.
At the Nebraska station hogs were
differently fed to determine the effects
of protein and carbonaceous feeds in
tbe Internal organs and bones of the
animals. One lot was fed on corn
alone, and another on corn and alfalfa.
The slaughter test showed larger liver
and lungs and better bone in the lot
fed alfalfa. Prof. Burnett says:
This slaughter test shows that by
supplying more protein, in this case by
feeding alfalfa, we get a greater devel
opment of internal organs and more
health and vigor. Undoubtedly if
more attention were given to supply
ing such foods as will bring about a
healthy organism, losses from cholera
and other diseases would be greatly re
duced. The strength of the thigh bones
was tested by providing supports at
both ends, applying pressure in the
middle. This test was made in a ma
chine for testing strength of materials.
The bones of the corn-fed pig meas
ured one-sixteenth of an inch larger in
diameter. One bone from tbe corn-fed
pig broke under a pressure of 320
pounds and the other 330 pounds. One
of the bones of the corn-and-alfalfa-fed
pigs broke at 500 pounds and 'the
other at 520 pounds. From this test it
is evident that breakdowns, which
often occur in heavy corn-fed hogs, are
the fault of the feed rather than the
animal. It further shows that the
ability of the hog to stand up well on
legs Is a matter of density of bone
rather than size.
A KNOWLEDGE OF PRINCIPLES.
A man to be successful in any
branch of plant culture must under
stand the principles of plant growth.
Most men do not understand these
principles and whatever they do is
done either because their experience
seems to pronounce it good or the
course has been recommended tc
them by someone else. It not infre
quently happens that a man will de
scribe his methods to another and
that latter will adopt them to his loss.
Thus one man said that the use of pot
ash on his land would give very good
results and urged his friends to go
and do likewise. The men put on the
potash, but could get no increased
results from it, and they forthwith
declared tbe fertilizer worthless and
that the first man was mistaken. That
showed a lack of the understanding
of the principles. A man that looked
into the case found that the land ol
the first man was deficient in potash
while on the land of the men that bad
used it unsuccessfully there was an
abundance for every purpose. The
men should have known the condi
tions of their soils in the first place
Unless a man makes a systematic
study of them he is little likely tc
learn the principles of plant life and
nutrition. A principle Is a law that
applies in all places, yet is modified
by circumstances. Thus one kind ol
plant needs one kind of pruning anc
another plant needs another kind, jet
both must come under the law thai
says "winter pruning tends to in
crease wood production and summei
pruning tends to increase the fruit
yield." Principles have been made
known by the experiences of the
many.
Behavior is a mirror in which ererj
one displays bis own image. Gcethe
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I TALES I
The Wages of War.
IVhat are the wages? "Here." he Raid,
And he pointed down to the ranks of
dead
Down to the field that shrank. bloodred,
From the stars of love in the sky over
head Pointed to scenes that men's hearts ab
hor. And answered. "This is the cost of wart"
But how for the lips that ask in vain
Kor the one who will never come again;
The longing face at the window pane
That sees no breast with a crimson stain?
For hearts are broken as lives are lost,
So count thezn up In the battle's cost.
Nay. count them not! You can only say
As the field lights up with the dawn of
day.
That many were lost ih the bloody fray:
Not counting mere tears nor lips that
pray.
Not counting the hearts with sorrow
filled.
But only the wounded ones and killed.
Pennsylvania's First Volunteer.
Over 75 years of age, yet as tall and
hearty as a man in the prime of life,
is Joseph H. Richardson, an ex-master
in the United States navy, who lives
upon and works his little farm In the
suburbs of Burlington, N. J. Mr.
Richardson claims to have been the
first Pennsylvanian to volunteer his
services to the country at the open
ing of the civil war. His certificates
and commissions are proofs that his
assertion is well founded. These old
papers he prizes very highly, and It
is doubtful if any amount of gold
could induce him to part with them.
Richardson is a typical "sea dog."
He was in the employ of tbe Clyde
line when Fort Sumter was captured.
Joseph H. Richardson in War Time
and To-Day.
On April 17. 1861, the Keystone state,
at that time one of the fastest ves
sels flying the stars and stripes,
sailed into the port of Philadelphia.
Commander Maxwell Woodhall had
chartered the boat and she was to en
ter the government service immediate
ly. But Commander Woodhall, try as
he would, could not find a pilot who
had a knowledge of Southern waters.
After hunting among the wharves he
went, as a last resort, to the Clyde
company's office. President Clyde
himself recommended Richardson,
who volunteered to take tbe position,
and that afternoon he turned the nose
cf the Keystone State southward for
Hampton roads, where he was trans
ferred to the sloop-of-war Pawnee.
While off the Florida coast he ap
plied for and received a discharge, as
he still had no commission, and took
passage for home. Arriving in Phila
delphia be found awaiting him a com
mission from the secretary of the
navy appointing him a naval master
and assigning him to duty on the Mas
sachusetts. He served till 1866. when
he received an honorable discharge.
When High Prices Prevailed.
"When I hear a friend of mine com
plain of prices on the bill of fare of
any rich-toned hotel restaurant, I tell
him he ought to have lived in the
South during the closing days of the
war and taken his meals at any firat
class restaurant, and then he would
see that, in comparison with, the prices
of to-day, things to eat are almost
given away," said Mr. T. J. Wilson of
Virginia, at the New Willard to a Star
man recently. "Why. during the days
of '64 you had to carry a basketful of
money to buy enough meats and vege
taoles for a family dinner. And it
was the same way if you took your
best girl to supper after the theater.
In looking over some old documents
the other day I -came across a price
list of articles served by the old Ori
ental restaurant at Richmond. The
prices that prevailed then seem worse
than robber' now to those not ac
quainted with the then existing con
ditions. For instance, a plate of soup
cost just $1.50. Think of that! And
it wasn't green turtle soup. For an
order of turkey or chicken yon were
taxed 3.50. while for roast beef you
paid 83 an order. If you had an appe
tite for rockflsh you could get a plate
of it for 85. Fried oysters also com
manded the same price. Pure coffee
was 53 per cup. pure tea S2 and fresh
milk 2. Bread and butter was worth
$1.50 per order. The cheapest articles
on the list were cabbage and potatoes,
an order of cither costing 81. Ham
and eggs was a popular dish at 83.50.
A dozen on the half shell brought $5.
But it was the drinkables that brought
fancy prices. A cold bottle of cham
pagne or Madeira cost $30, sherry was
worth $35. port $25 and claret $20.
Malt liquors were high in proportion.
Port and ale could not be bad under
$12 per bottle; half bottles were sold
for $6. Whisky and brandy were sold
by the drink. French brandy was $3,
while rye whisky and apple brandy
was dispensed over the bar or at the
table for $2 a drink. Havana cigars,
good ones, were worth $1 apiece. And
in those days we heard nothing of a
beef trust or a whisky trust. When
you consider the service given by the
leading hotels of the country and the
amount of money invested by the com
panies that own them I think the
prices of to-day are reasonable, and
that it is not good form to register a
kick every time the waiter hands you a
check for a well cooked meal."
Washington Star.
The Capture of Col. John Morgan.
"History narrates," said G. E. Jones
of Washington, "that a woman. Mrs.
Williams, betrayed Col. John H. Mor
gan, the famous Confederate gubvlla.
This is not the fact. I was a !e
graph operator, and in August. IS?,
was ordered to report to Gen. A. O.
Gillam. in tbe field at Bulls Gap. b
order of Gen. J. M. Schofield. On the
night of Sept. 3, we received word by
Courier James Dorsey. that Morgan
was at Greenville. Tenn. This courier
was sent by Capt. Robert Carter.
"On the morning of the fourth we
moved from Bulls Gap. and attacked
Morgan at Greenville. Morgan was
asleep at the house of senior Mrs.
Williams, when the house was sur
rounded. He attempted to escape as
he was. in his stcckicg feet, and with
only his underclothing on, but he was
shot by James Campbell, who had
been a Confederate soldier and who
-new him.
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"Campbell threw his dead body
across his horse and rode to the head
quarters of Gen. Gillam. 'What have
yon there? asked Gillam. it hi Mor
gan replied Campbell. Gen. Gillam
was very angry at what he called
brutality, aad not ia very polite lan
guage Sad with all the strong lan
guage he could think of ordered
Campbell to take the body back to the
place where he got it.
"Tbe older Mrs. Williams was a
Confederate sympathizer, but the wife
of a soa, a younger Mrs. Williams,
who lived with her. was just as strong,
the other way. It was at once said'
thtt she disclosed Morgan's presence
In Greenville, and her life was threat
ened. This gave rise to the story now
given in history that a woman be-'
t rayed Gen. Morgan. As a matter of
fact, tbe younger Mrs. Williams was
four miles ib tbe country when Mor
gan came to the house, and returned
just a few minutes after his death.
"After Morgan's, death we fell back
to the Gap, and a telegram was. sent
to Andrew Johnson. Military Gover
nor at Nashville, stating that Mor
gan's forces were captured among
them Capt. Clay, a grandson of Henry
Clay and Morgan killed. Two days
later I took a telegram from Gen. Hal
leck. chief of staff, asking whether a
woman had given the Information
leading to the capture of Gen. Mor
gan. Gen. Gillam. who had Investi
gated the facts, replied.
"'No woman or women gave infor
mation which led to the capture of
Gen. Morgan.' These telegrams are
no doubt among the records of the
war department Being the operator
who handled them. I remember them
well. The Confederate side of the
story blaming the younger Mrs. Wil
liams has no doubt been accepted as
the reliable testimony of the people
who were there, but It is not correct,
as you see." Washington Times.
Amenities of War.
To speak of the "amenities of war"
may seem to most persons like a con
tradiction in terms, yet during the
civil war there were many illustra
tions of a fraternal feeling between
the combatants, such as has seldom
existed between the soldiers of oppos
ing armies in any war 'in the history
of the world. In "Civil War Times."
Mr. D. W. Howe tells of one occasion
when the Confederate soldiers under
command of Gen. J. B. Gordon indig
nantly insisted that the laws of hospi
tality required the safe return of a
Union soldier who had been sur
prised while making them a friendly
visit.
There were many similar courtesies
during the Atlanta campaign. A strik
ing exhibition of them was given at
Rocky Face Ridge. The 79th Indiana
was posted about half way up that
ridge, and at one time the pickets had
orders to keep up a steady fire all
night against the Confederates. One
of the 79th pickets learned in some
way that a Kentucky Confederate regi
ment, in which he had a brother or a
brother-in-law. was near by. He com
municated the fact to the nearest Con
federate picket, who kindly volun
teered to find bis relative and bring
him to the Confederate picket line.
This he did. and the 79th Indiana man
and his Confederate relative talked
together for several hours from behind
their respective trees, while each was
keeping up a steady fire, according to
orders, against the enemy's lines. It
is to be presumed, however, that they
took care not to aim at each other.
Trick That Failed.
"Once upon a time," said an old sol
dier, "after a weary, dusty forenoon
march, we halted to rest for an hour
or two. A snug-looking farmhouse
being invitingly near; a couple of my
comrades went over and called for
dinner. Their names were Theodore
and Levi, and their united finances a
3-cent stamp and a pewter dime. The
odore said be knew a dodge that never
failed, and that they would get dinner.
You see. Theodore was raised in Phil
adelphia, and just took as naturally
to cuteness as a baby does to measles.
Well, the dinner was in due season
cooked and eaten and was pronounced
good.
"'Now. landlord. said Theodore,
pulling out his purse with the air of a
millionaire, 'what's the bill? 'One
dollar for both of you.' said the man
of the house. 'Very reasonable very,
remarked Theodore, in a patronizing
way. 'I say, landlord, you couldn't
change a $21) bill? 'Wal. yes. I reck
on let's see what bank it's on,' was
the answer. For an instant Theodore
stood as though dead struck, and then
broke away as though the whole
Southern Confederacy was after them,
exclaiming: 'Well, who'd suppose that
a rebel could change a $20 bill?"
Washington Star.
Planted a Laurel Bush.
An impressive service took place at
the Soldiers Home. Chelsea, on Arbor
day. At the suggestion of Miss. Ade
line F. Fitz. director of the Powder
Horn chapter. Junior Sons and Daugh
ters of the Revolution, the children
were askpd to plant a laurel bush, the -
state floral emblem, on Arbor day. and
the Soldiers' Home was the place se
lected. The children met on the hill at 9
o'clock and were received by the su
perintendent. Capt. Creecy. and the
adjutant. Richard F. Foster, with a
company of soldiers. The rresident of
the chapter. Miss l.ois Endicott. pre
sented the laurel with these remarks:
"We represent the Junior Sons and
Daughters of the Revolution, and plant
this laurel, the state floral emblem,
hoping it will grow and bloom, prov
ing a constant pleasure to the inmates
of the home. We do this as a token
of regard for the soldiers of 100 years
ago, as well as the soldiers represented
here."
Capt. Creecy responded with deep
appreciation. The children recited the
salute to the flag and the bugler closed
the exercises by playing "America."
The children were then escorted over
the home.
Springs for Soldiers.
For many years military authorities
have been trying to improve tho con
ditions of foot soldiers, and oue re
sult is that the burdens which such
soldivs have to carry while marching
have been reduced to a minimum.
Now. according to Patents, a new in
vention is a shoe, which, instead of
the customary hard and stiff sole, has
a sole to which springs are fitted.
Under the heel is an ordinary spring,
and under the ball of the foot is one
whichis shaped like a hoof. When
the fcot it at rest the spring in the '
back is pressed down, and the one ia
front is slightly raised. Similarly the
two springs adapt themselves to every
motion of the foot, when it is in
action.
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