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LIFE TERM FOR MRS. LILL'IE
Cos i Overrules Metien for New
Trial and Paseeas Sentence.
DAVID CITY. Mrs. Lena Lillle.
convicted of the murder of her hus-
' bead last October, was denied a new
trial. Evidence was offered by attor
ney for the defense in the motion for
. a aew. trial that tended to prove. per
jury on the part of two jurors. After
the argument Judge Good reviewed
the case at length and then overruled
the motion for a new trial. The court
.said: "Lena Margaret Lillie, you
have been convicted by the jury of
the murder in the first degree, and
have you anything to say why the
sentence of the court should not be
passed upon you?"
"I have."
'."- By the court: "I will hear you."
- After consulting with her father
and attorneys, Mrs. Lillle said:
' "I will say to the court that I am
not guilty of this crime, and I feel
that I have not had a fair trial as a
citizen of the United States. I feel
that no more unjust thing ever hap
pened In the state of Nebraska than
this thing just perpetrated, that wit
nesses on the stand have sworn to
falsehoods as black as black could
be."
The judge then passed life sen
tence upon the accused. The case
wil be taken to the supreme court.
THE GOVERNOR EXPLAINS.
Give Reason Why He Vetoed the
Exemption Bill.
While the labor unions are rejoicing
and adopting resolutions of thanks
because Governor Mickey vetoed the
exemption bill passed by the late leg
islature, the retail merchants who se
cured the passage of the measure arc
censuring the governor. Governor
Mickey filed his reasons for disapprov
ing the bill with his veto. Accord
ing to the new bill, if a laboring man
or other received $60 a month. $5 of
this was subject to garnishment each
month. It probably would cost the
workingman $5 to $10 to have his
salary garnisheed. A second call of
the attorney of the employer would
subject the employe to dismissal. The
present law exempts two months'
wages of the working man. Inas
much as all others have exempt a
homestead worth $2,000. the governor
thought it no more than right that
the laboring man should have at least
two months wages as given to him
under the present law.
THAT NEW NORMAL SCHOOL.
Many Nebraska Towns Getting Into
Line.
Many of the towns and cities of the
western part of the state are getting
In line to entertain a proposition for
the' new normal school. Those that
are in thorough training and that are
also in the running are: Aurora.
Long Pine. Central City, Broken Bow,
Hastings. Kearney, Lexington. Hoi
drege and Minden. It was the gen
eral impression when the bill became
a law that the city getting the school
would have to pay a bonus of $10,
000. This impression is wrong. The
amendment providing for the $10,000
bonus was knocked off at the last
minute by an amendment offered by
Warner of Lancaster. The only con
dition imposed upon the fortunate
town is that it give for a site upon
which the school is to be erected
twenty acres of land valued at $75 an
acre.
Demand for Walnut Timber.
HUMBOLDT. Neb. A new industry
has been worked in the northwestern
part of this county this spring and
parties have shipped from that sec
tion 75,000 feet of walnut timber. Thi3
kind of wood grows so slowly and in
such demand that the supply is
'about exhausted.
Child's Face Tern by Explosion.
BEATRICE. Neb. Guffey Murray,
the 7-year-old son of John Murray,
had a portion of his left cheek torn
away by the explosion of a cartridge
which he was trying to force Into a
22-callbre revolver.
Irritation Figures.
Secretary Dobson of the board of
irrigation is in receipt of a letter from
Frank Adams of the bureau of irriga
tion at Washington announcing that
he will be in Nebraska probably in a
short time. Mr. Adams comes to find
oat what records can "be kept that
will show the amount of water taken
oat of the North and South Platte by
the ditches. He desires the records
to be used in the study of interstate
irrigation.
Calls State Warrants.
Since Treasurer Mortensen has
Issued his call for warrants April 11
the general fund has been increased
from $35,730.35 to $63,663.86. The
temporary school fund now amounts
to $310,484.35. This is to be distrib
uted among the school districts about
Jaae 1. The amount is about $100,
600 less than was this fund. last year,
hat the treasurer expects before the
first of June that it will be as large as
It was ia 1902.-
t to Work in Beet Fields.
Represeatative Femur of Hall coun
ty was ia Lfacola with his farm man
ager tor the purpose of taking out
aaother ahipmeat of Russians to work
'ia the beet fields around Grand
Wad. Sssae days ago 300 were taken
oat astd pat to work and Wednesday
islam" sthw lot of 300 men, wo
man, at aBlHrsji will go oa a speda?
team ef svea cars. Jit. Ferrar is the
of tka hast tagar factory at
Mam are paid $20 am acre.
'-' VJ ',' ? "' "-' "' ""'til ill
I THE STATE AT LARGE
A second banking institution has
been organized at Harvard.
Welch Lowery, confined in the
Stanton county jail on charge of
rape, made his escape.
An unsuccessful attempt was made
to rob the safe in the Missouri Pa
cific depot at Weeping Water.
Brownville had a disastrous fire,
five buildings being totally destroyed,
among them the structure occupied
by the nostofflce.
A new Methodist parsonage is being
built at Neligh, the labor on the
building being performed by preach
ers. Seven of them are at work.
The next state meet of bowling
clubs will be held in Omaha. It was
so decided at the business meeting
of the state organization held at Lin
coln. The new depot for Fremont has been
staked out, the contract for the
plumbing has been let to J. W. An
drews of that city and it is expected
that work will commence at once.
At a meeting of Beatrice horse men
$1,000 was subscribed in stock towards
the new driving park association.
Work on the new track, forty box
stalls and amphitheater will begin at
once.
Manager J. H. Dundas of the Te
cumseh Chautauqua announces that
he has already contracted for some
good talent for the assembly, and'
that contracts for more will soon be
closed.
The story published to the effect
that W. W. Coates and T. E. Parmele
of Plattsmouth came near being
caught for $10,000 in a confidence
game put up by "Doc" Baggs,.is de
nied, so far as Mr. Coates Is con
cerned. Captain C. E. Adams of Superior
has been invited to become a member
of the staff of General Corbin, adju
tant general of the United States, at
the opening of the St Louis exposi
tion. April 29.
W. D. Johnson, a leading merchant
of Madison, committed suicide by tak
ing an overdose of morphine. He was
forty years old and has a wife and
an 11-year-old son. He had been in
business in Madison for six years'
L. C. Weber & Co.'s store at Arling
ton was robbed last week, which
makes three robberies and one fire
inside of two years. The robbers on
this occasion did very little stealing
compared to the former robberies.
The lack of an appropriation for a
state architect has caused the board
of public lands and buildings to hesi
tate about making an appointment.
Unless the board can find a good man
who desires to wait on the pleasure
of a future legislature, no appoint
ment will be made.
The city council of North Bend has
refused to back down from its posi
tion on the $1,500 license matter, and
two of the saloon men have taken out
licenses after paying that amount
The third application, made by James
Corey, was at first granted, but this'
action has been rescinded.
Lightning struck the house of Fred!
Sendgraff. living five miles southeast
of West Point, and totally destroyed
the house and household goods aud
incinerated his five-year-old daughter.
AH the members of the family, con
sisting of Mr. Sendgraff, his wife and
four children, were rendered uncon
scious. S. Hillery, an old man on his way
from Allerton, 111., to Gothenburg.
Neb., fell from Union Pacific passen
ger train No. 5, westbound, in some
unaccountable way, a mile and a half
west of Fremont. He was brought to
the city on a handcar and taken to
the hospital, where his wounds were
dressed. He was found to be badly
hurt.
North Platte will this year raise
sugar beets. Experience during the
past three years has demonstrated
jthat the rich black sandy soil of the
Platte river valley in that locality
produces beets containing a larger
per cent of saccharine matter than
those grown in any other locality. A
large company has been organized,
comprised of the most progressive
business men and capitalists ol that
city to develop the beet sugar indus
try. The Burlington Railroad company
has intimated that it is about time
York should have a new modern depot
that will be a credit to the city. The
Commercial club is agitating a new
depot and urging the company to
build.
N. N. Van Sycle. a pile-driver fore
man in the employ of the Burlington,
shattered his thumb accidentally
while cutting wood with an ax. in
flicting injuries that necessitated am
putation close to the hand. The
bene was badly shatered.
The Lincoln Straw Board and Pa
per Mill company has closed down
operations at its mill for an indefinite
period, and the men who have been
employed there have been dismissed
without definite instructions as to the
posible resumption of operation.
At a recent meeting of the members
of the board of directors of Hastings
college it was decided to erect a new
dormitory for the boy students. The
new building is to cost not less than
C5.000 and will be well fitted up and
have all the modern improvements.
The board of education at Geneva
has employed Professor Charles W.
Taylor for superintendent of the city
schools for the coming -year. This
action of the board meets the hearty
indorsement of the natrons of the
schools.
The county board of supervisors
of Gage county met in Beatrice and
called special elections to be held
in Foley aad Lcgan township? on
May 26, to vote bonds in the sum of
$1,000 each to aid in the construe
tlom of the K. C, B. W. railroad.
The Blue Highway.
V"ives and sweethearts' call us, call to us
of home. - , -
The, red gleam, of a tavern creeps out
across the foam.
But we head for the notched horlxon.
where the great white breakers be.
And all the stars arc shining, a-shlning
on the sea.
Comrades voices warn us of the road we.
take.
The lips of the drowned keep crying. vy-
Ing in our wake.
But we head for the notched horlxon.
where the great white breakers be.
And Mother Carey reeds 'her chicks, feeds
her chicks at sea.
The cold beach cries behind us In the
grip-of the sea's unrest.
We've done with stagnant harbors, we've
decked out In our best.
With a white band on the funnel Instead
of dirty gray. ' '
We're off to meet old friends- upon the
blue highway.
Walter Riddall in New York Tribune.
To Michigan's Brave Sons.
A writer .who recently visited the,
battlefield, of Chickamauga makes the
following tribute to the memory of the
soldiers of Michigan:
"Skirting Camp Thomas, where the
Seventh cavalry and the Third Artil-'
lery, U. S. A., afford ever a brilliant
and interesting sight, we come upon
the historic hill, the Widow Glenn's,
crowned by Wilder's magnificent tow
er and covered with elaborate testi
monials. Here swords, horseshoes and
a laurel wreath lend beauty to the
stone which recalls the services of the
noble Second Regiment Michigan cav
alry. Col. Archibald P. Campbell of
the regiment was in command of the
brigade and Maj. Leonidas S. Scranton
was in charge of the Second at Chicka
mauga. Capt Hawley wts in the list
of the killed."
The Debt the Country. Owes.
During the recent session of Con
gress Senator N. B. Scott of West
Virginia made a most eloquent speech
in the Senate in support of his bill for
a service pension of $12 a month for
every Union veteran. He began by
saying that the strength and stability
of the Republic depended upon the
zeal and patriotism of its citizen sol
diers. With marvelous judgment the
'Fathers of this Government saw that
the defense of the Republic must be
vested in all of its citizens, and not
.a standing army. Instead of main
ttaining a standing army at a large
i expense to the people and always
,a menace to their liberties, the wise
founders adopted a system of mutual
self-defense, and in which the people
I would reward the soldiers who risked
their lives, their health and their fu
'ture prospects in the defense of the
'Republic by appropriate pensions and
'certain emoluments. They adopted
ithe plan of community of interests,
,by which the people were expected
, to take care of those who fought for
' them. Upon this have been based the
pension laws passed from the begin
1 ning of the Government down to the
(present time. He said:
"I beg to assure you, Mr. President,
that I am moved by memories that
are sacred to me, memories of by-gone
days, memories born amid scenes of
carnage and strife, and, standing here
'beneath the shadow of this noble
'structure, every stone of which, rep
resents a human sacrifice, whose lofty
dome as it rises to meet the sun in its
coming speaks for those whose voices
are hushed in the silent chambers of
the dead, to ask this people whose
country, whose Constitution and whose
Flag live by their heroism and their
blood, to hear the feeble voice of a
comrade speaking for those who can
not be heard. Allow me to lay the
hand of patriotism upon the busy
wheels hush the mad thirst of com
mercialism, and bid them be still,
while 'our brothers blood cries out
from the ground,' not for vengeance,
but for justice.
"This measure, following the prece
dent to the Mexican war, is intended
to remove favoritism and to db equal
justice to all aiike.
"Large as the pension roll now ap
pears, mammoth as seems the aggre
gate of a ration's bounty, it is an ag
gregate summed from all its wars.
Yet however large that roll be, it is
not so large as the muster roll, and
no man was summoned who was not
needed, and needed at the most mo
mentous hour, a d having answered jto
the call that tried the souls of men.
and to which call none but the true
and brave responded, they should not
now be forgotten."
Marye's Hill at Fredericksburg.
A signaled order from an officer,
then the advance. The noise and con
fusion around them are terrible. On
both sides great guns from angry
mouths thundered, and crashed, and
roared, until the earth trembled. The
dark and bloody grounds over which
they are marching is encumbered by
mangled bodies of the fallen, and cov
ering it are knapsacks, blankets, guns,
haversacks, canteens, and' cartridge
boxes, dropped hurriedly or thrown
away by troops who had preceded
them, and been beaten back. Shot,
shell, canister, 6hrapnel and grape
' met and greeted them.
But on and tip they press, faster
and faster, with ringing cheers the
line of battle reached, and passed
close the stone wall now, very close,
and success, a surprising - success,
seems near, almost within grasp. But
the supporting batteries, many of
them on the plain below, dare not now
give the needed support and assist
ance. The enemy concentrates, ap
pears to vomit forth torrents of fire,
redoubles his efforts, the whole u in
side which, with demoniacal glee,
pours and plunges and converges intu
the assaulting column, making great
gaps through the ranks with envelop
ment of living, mocking flame, and
thick, choking sulphurous, smoke.
They failed to carry the works. But
It was an honorable failure. Long
street, ia his report, says: "No troops
Jpilljgj
.could have displayed greater courage
and resolution than was shown by
these brought against Marye's hill.
They withdrew, leaving the plain lit
erally heaped with the bodies of their
dead, for they had fallen like the
steady dripping of rain from the eaves
of a house!"
Back they were hurled and dowa
the hill. The troops stationed at its
foot, powder-begrimed veterans, en
thusiastically cheer, "all that' is left of
them," these brave boys, so young in
years, and so very young in military
training and experience, who had so
gallantly made the last, the. most des
perate and most nearly successful at
tempt to take the works, as they came
marching down the hill steadily and
in good order. "When shall their
glory fade?" Pittsburg Gazette. ,
A Chase After Milk.
In noting the death of Ashley Chase,
a pioneer citizen of Kansas, the Cawk
er City Record gives the following ac
count of a war experience had by that
gentleman:
"On April 1, 1863, Chase was a sol
dier in the Seventh Kansas cavalry,
and stationed at Germantown, Tenn.,
fifteen miles east of Memphis. One
day. in company with a comrade,
Chase went to a farmhouse after some
milk, and while there was surprised
and captured by the rebel picket and
taken to their headquarters. He ex
pected to be shot, as the Kansas Jay
hawkers received no mercy from the
enemy. He was taken out into the
timber for that purpose, but the lead
er of the party recognized him as one
of a party which had captured him
the rebel, three weeks before, and
who had escaped. Chase was then
taken to their main camp, twentj
miles distant He was cautioned bj
one of bis guard to keep quiet on the
identity of his regiment An office!
invited him to play checkers, and was
beaten by Chase. The defeated of
ficer called others to 'come' and beat
this Yankee,' but he vanquished
them all in the game. He was or
dered to accompany Gen. Chalmers'
command, and was in constant danger,
because it was learned that he was a
Jayhawker, and the men were anxious
to kill him. The provost marshal,
learning that he was from his owe
county in New York, took some inter
est in him and protected him. He w
imprisoned at Richmond, and was
later exchanged at City Point, thence
going to Fortress Monroe, then tc
St Louis, visited his Kansas home
and rejoined his regiment at Corinth
Miss., after journeying four thousand
miles. As he entered camp his com
rades inquired. 'Did you get- youi
milk?' "Kansas City Journal.
Found His Brother's Grave.
"The queer things that happened it
the army," said the doctor, would fit
a volume as large as Webster's un
abridged. In the Tullahoma campaigt
of 1863 there was not much heavj
fighting, but there was a great deal o
rapid maneuvering that brought on un
looked for skirmishes between picket
lines and advanced posts. In march
ing through the bottom lands, just be
fore we reached Manchester, we fount
a newly made grave-at the roadside
and there was much-speculation as tc
how the man buried therein bad beex
killed.
"On a pine board at the head of th
grave was cut the name of a membei
of the Third Kentucky infantry. C. S
A., with regimental and company des
ignation. As some of the boys lounge
about the grave a member of the Thin
Kentucky Union regiment came up
and his eye catching the number oi
the pine board he walked up close t
investigate and said: 'Great Scott mi
name and my regiment!' Seeing then
the C. S. A., he said: 'Boys, I believe
that is my brother. He enlisted in t
Kentucky Confederate regiment, tet
days before I enlisted in the Thin
Kentucky Union. I am going to opet
the grave.'
"The boys ran for picks and shovel:
and in ten minutes the dead body o
a man in Confederate uniform wa
uncovered, and was identified as thn
of the brother of our Third Kentuclij
friend. The living brother in tli
Union service stood for many min
utes looking down into the face of th
dead Confederate, not one of the met
in the group saying a word. Then, a
a sign from the captain, the grave was
refilled, more distinctly marked, ant
the command moved on." Chicago In
ter Ocean.
A Soldier's Strange Death.
I find the following singular inci
dent in the old Atlanta Intelligencer;
"After the fight near Drewry's blul
on Monday last, a surgeon who wai
searching the field for the wounded
that he might administer to theii
needs, observed a man in a kneeling
position, with his gun to his shoul
der. pointed to the front, his left eye
closed, and having all the' appearance
of life. Upon examination he was
found to be dead, a ball having pass
ed through his brain at the moment
when, resting on his left knee, he had
taken sight of the foe. It is verj
remarkable that, so rigid was the
corpse, some force was required tc
remove the gun from his grasp. H
proved to be a member of the
Twenty-ninth Virginia regiment o!
infantry." Atlanta Constitution.
The Maimed Soldiers' Bill.
The Maimed Soldiers' bill, which
was passed by the late congress and
signed by President Roosevelt, is now
a law, and provides as follows: Those
who have lost one hand or foot, oi
who have been totally disabled in the
same, jshall receive a pension at the
rate of $40 a month; those who have
lost an arm at or above the elbow, oi
a leg at or above the knee, shall re
ceive a pension of $46 a month; those
who have lost an arm at the shouklei
or a leg at the hip, or where the same
is in such condition as to 'prevent the
use of an artificial limb, $55 a month;
those who have lost one arm and one
foot, $60 a month. The pension of
those who have lost both feet shall be
$100 a. month.
Black-Necked Swans.
Six black-necked' swans of a Euro
pean variety have been added to the
flock in Central Park, says the New
York News. The swans which have
heretofore constituted the park flock
have been of the North and South
American varieties. -The European
birds are the first of their kind in
the park. They are larger than the
other swans.
" Johannesburg's Big Hotels. ,
The new nine-story hotel being built
in Johannesburg will be the bifjgsst es
tablishment of its kind ia South Af
rica. It is to be called the Cart
tos.
I
Inevitable Mistakes.
No oae that has not had experiemca
in poultry raising should invest heav
ily in that business. The only safe
way. is to start small and increase the
flock as rapidly as experience In
creases. The novice generally starts
la with the firm resolve to succeed
from the start Frequently he gets all
the information he can from books
and from practical poultrymea, aad ho
vainly imagines that the information
so acquired will save him from mis
takes. But the mistakes are made
Just the same, though they are doubt
less fewer on .account of what has
been gleaned from the experiences of
others. People must have experi
ence by themselves to really fit them
to -cope with the numerous situations
they must face. Let the novice set it
down an a certainty that he will make
mistakes of a most 'serious nature,
and that as a' result of such mistakes
great losses will result In some cases
these losses will be greater than the
profits for the entire year in which
they occur. We tell the novice 'of this
before they occur, so that he may not
be entirely discouraged and give up
the effort when they do occur. Even
people that have been brought up on
farms encounter these discouraging
experiences when they try to handle
fowls' ia considerable numbers. The
ones that have bad a little experience
in raising poultry are the ones most
likely to invest considerable sums in
an equipment before they are really
competent to manage such equipment
Because they have had some experi
ence they imagine themselves to be
experts. Most of the failures are due
to inexperience, but the people that
have failed are not usually wllllngsto
admit this even to themselves. Even
the farm boy that has fed chickens
and gathered eggs since childhood
will do well to go a little slow when
he enters the ranks of professional
chicken raisers, for it hurts less to
lose 50 per cent of a flock of a hun
dred than It does to lose a like propor
tion of a thousand fowls.'
Housing Ducks.
From the Farmers' Review: We
hear a great deal these days about
poultry in general. The Pekln duck
has been well discussed in poultry
and farm papers, and yet no two writ
ers agree to the care of ducks. Per
haps some of the readers of this pa
per will be interested in how we house
our 500 breeders in winter and house
our ducklings to marketable age. Our
duck houses are built single wall 4
feet high in front 7 feet in back, with
tar paper roof. Windows are in the
roof, to correspond with pens inside.
We mate 20 ducks to a pen 10x10
16 females, 4 males. From June to
October our ducks sleep out of doors,
rain or shine. Of course they must
have shade in hot weather. Our
ducklings are kept in brooders till 3
weeks of age In a special duck brooder
house, with window every 4 feet on
side. Ducks for market are sold at
10 weeks old; those kept for breeders
are not turned out from the brooder
house for the lake of water until 16
weeks old. They must then have
shade and a light protection from the
heavy rains. A duck brooder houre
should be built warm, while a house
for breeding ducks need not be so, as
a duck has a very heavy covering of
feathers. The main thing is that they
have straw to keep their feet warm.
During the laying season our ducks
are not let out of houses until 8 a.m.;
by this time all are through laying.
Clement & Fike, Lake County, Illi
nois. Care of Milk and Cream.
From Fanners Review: I beg the
privilege of saying a few words re
garding what H. R. Wright said in
the Review of March 4th, 1903. page
164. on "Care of Milk and Cream." I
would suggest that before setting the
milk in tanks of cold water or as soon
as possible after drawn from cow,
that it be run over a good cooler and
aerator, which is a machine having
cold water circulating through it as
the milk runs down over the outside,
which allows the gases and bad odors
that may have been taken up by the
milk while being drawn from the cow,
pass off, as the cold water has a tend
ency to drive it out of the milk. If
the aeration is done in a place where
the air is pure, the milk will be in
almost the same identical condition it
is as it leaves the udder of the cow,
only it will be cold instead of warm.
It is necessary to use water that Is
at least 50 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit
and the cooler chould be such that it
will reduce the milk within a degree
or two of the water temperature, as
there are different makes of coolers
and all won't do it by just running the
milk over it once; but there are some
that will. As long as the milk re
mains below 60. degrees, the germs
that destroy or sour the milk can't
work or multiply; but above 70 de
grees they increase very fast and milk
is often several points spoiled before
it reaches the creamery and can't be
detected by the smell or taste, and it
is taken in as sweet milk when it is
not, and thus the keeping qualities of
the butter, cheese, cream or whatever
product is turned out by the factory, is
injured. J. S. Rayl, Marion County,
Ohio.
Seed Corn.
From Farmers' Review: Farmers
are getting ready for spring work.
The frost is nearly out of the ground.
The bulk of our corn last fall was
not fully ripe and the wise farmer
will carefully test his seed early. A
good way is to take one kernel from
each doubtful ear and put them be
tween two pieces of cloth in a dish
of earth, kept wet when the tempera
ture is not too IoW, and if good it will
'sprout hi four or Ave days. Do not
use too old seed. I bad some three
jyears ago that was fine, having been
kept perfectly dry and looked bright
and good, and not 'having seed enough
used some .to finish up planting with,
jit was three or four days longer in
coming up and was sickly and poor
all summer, and I had not more than
half a crop. G. W. Buffum. Steele
County, Minn.
It pays to have a good dairy barn.
Money is well invested in such an
improvement We have known farm
ers that were well-to-do and yet all
their Uvea, never owned a decent barn
for the housing of their dairy cowa.
Barns dark in summer and cold la
winter are -not places ia which the
cows can be comfortable or their
keepers happy while they are work
ing around them.
Married Men Mere Satlaftea".
Fewer married men than bachelors
commit suicide.
High Protein ana High Starch' Corn
From the Farmers' Review: Noa
that the farmers of Uliaois are turn
lag their atteatkm to growing algt
proteia cora for the purpose of get
ting a better balanced ration foi
stock feeding, it win be well to con
sider some of the probable results.
To grow a large crop of high protein
corn will require a soil rich in aitro
gen. The trouble with most Illinois
farms, where a proper rotation of
corn and clover or other leguminous
plants have not been followed, is that
these lands are already deficient ia
nitrogen, and to attempt to grow a
high proteia cora upon them ia their
present coaditioa, will likely result
ia disappointing yields. It seems prob
able that the yield from such lands
will decrease as the protein content
of the corn is increased. It is now
an established fact that the corn plant
cannot obtain nitrogen from the air,
but is dependent entirely upon that
which is available in the soiL There
Is, therefore, but one course for the
grower of high protein corn to follow,
aad that is to increase the nitrogen
in the soil by growing more clover,
cow peas, soy beans and other
legumes, all of which have the power
of obtaining nitrogen from the air
through the agency of bacteria in
their root tubercles.. While it is es
sential that these leguminous crops
should be grown by every corn grow
er. I wish to emphasize the point
that the grower of high protein corn
will exhaust available nitrogen in the
soil more rapidly than the grower of
high starch corn and must therefore,
have soil rich in that element to ob
tain the best results.
As feeders we want the high pro
tein corn for our live stock, but It
seems probable that a high starch
corn would be less exhausting upon
the soil and give a larger yield on
light and thin soils. We do not know
this to be true. But since all plants
get their carbon from the air it
would seem that the variety of corn
containing the most carbonaceous
matter and least protein would pro
duce the largest yield in bushels on
thin soils. This is a point of much
interest to the grain seller who cares
more for yield than for feeding valua
We would like to hear from Prof.
Hopkins on this point Clayton C.
Pervier, Bureau County, Illinois.
The Home Market for Meat
George F. Thompson says: Although
it is always impossible to know the
extent of the home market for live
stock andf their products, all agree to
the proposition that the home market
is the best market Certain features
of the live stock trade may be shown
very easily, but to give figures con
cerning the markets as a whole is not
possible. Such a statement would
necessitate, not only an annual enu
meration of live stock, but a record of
animals slaughtered on the farm and
in the village, town, and city. The
census reports of 1900 are helpful to
some extent in that they give the
value of the animals sold (less the
number purchased) and -the value of
those slaughtered; but there is noth
ing to show how much of these values
represented cattle, or how much rep
resented sheep, hogs, and horses. It
is interesting nevertheless, to know
that the farmer cf the United States
disposed of live stock in 1899 to the
value of $732,912,114. This repre
sents the net sales, as the value of any
animals purchased were deducted from
the value of those sold. During the
same year there were slaughtered up
on farms animals having a total value
of $189,873,310. In other words, ev
ery person engaged In agricultural
pursuits who was ten years of age or
older, consumed meat worth $18.20
during the year 1899. At this rate of
consumption, the producer of live
stock should have received from the
people of the United States, who were
ten years of age and older, including
themselves, the enormous sum of $1,
060,80,000. The records, however,
show that the combined value of the
live stock slaughtered on the farm
and that sold off was but $912,786,424,
or $148,033,576 less than the above
amount, showing that the producer
consumes much more meat than the
people engaged in other vocations and
is therefore his own best customer.
Increase of Meat Prices In Germany.
United States Consul John E. Kehl
reports that butchers' associations in
Germany have, within the past two
months, held many meetings to devise
means of stopping the continual de
crease in the supply of live stock
available. This scarcity exists
throughout the whole empire, natur
ally increasing the price of meat. In
Berlin for the month of June. 1902.
there was a deficit of 1,964 head of
cattle (slaughtered), as compared
with the same month in 1901. For
the last half of August (from the ICth
to the 30th) there was a general de
crease of 22,566 head of slaughtered
stock, as compared with the same
period of 1901. These figures are
taken from the Allgemeine Fleisch
erzeitung. The decrease of available
stock in the Dresden market for the
first seven months of this year, as
compared with the same period of last
year, was: Beef, 2,014 head; swine.
23,760 head; calves, 1,955 head; sheep,
1,236 head. In Poscn. pork is selling
for 1 mark (23.8 cents) per pound. In
Cooisnz. a general advance of 10
pfennings (2.4 cents) was made last
month on all kinds of meats and
sausages. It Is safe to say that almost
every city of more than 50.000 in
habitants has, since the 1st of Jan
uary of this year, experienced an in
crease In the price of meats. From
June, 1900. to June, 1902, the price of
live hogs has risen 25.8 per cent In
laboring circles the use of meat, due
to high prices, is diminishing, which
accounts for the gain of $1,223,716 in
the import of fresh and smoked fish
and herring, as compared with 1900.
It is evident that silage Is to be a
great factor in the future feeding of
cattle In Illinois and neighboring
states. The digestions of cattle are
worn out by too high feeding of con
centrated stuffs. Besides, the waste
in undigested material is great Silage
comes in as a-kind of feed that helps
out the others and saves the digestive
apparatus of the animals.
A Warm Invitation.
The Rev. Dr. Willis of Hartford will
preach next Sunday morning in the
Methodist Episcopal church on "The
Straight Road to Hell." Everybody
go! Wakefield (Conn.) Sclmlter.
Nursery treat are greatly oeneflted
by transplanting them race or twice
before the final planting out
Wheat and Its Product ae Feed.
Ia am address to stock raisers aad
feeders. Prof. H. R. Smith of the
Nebraska experiment station said:
Corn is our king of food stuffs and
will continue to be. It can be pro
duced in abundance here at little ex
pense. The kernels are of such size
and brittleness as to make them easily
masticated. No food is better relished
by farm animals and no food will give
more satisfactory results when prop
erly fed. As a single food it is defi
cient in protein aad mineral matter,
and should therefore be reinforced by
something rich in these materials. As
previously stated, wheat is ordinarily
too expensive to feed. The by-products
of wheat, however, bran and
shorts, are available at reasonable
prices. They are not only low-priced
but furnish to the animal just what
corn lacks. While the three coatings
of the kernel constitute but 5 per cent
the gluten layer 3 per cent and 4 per
cent and the germ 6 per cent of the
entire kernel, from 25 per cent to 40
per ceat of the kernel is removed in
milling as by-products. For fattening
animals, shorts is too rich in protein,
while corn is too deficient to give the
best returns. The two together, how
ever, make a strong combination. The
results of a single experiment con
ducted by Professor Henry of Wiscon
sin several years ago will substantiate
this statement In feeding three lots
of pigs, one on corn meal, another on
middlings, and a third on equal parts
of each, one hundred pounds of gain
was produced from 537 pounds of corn
by the hogs of lot 1, 522 pounds of
middlings by lot 2. and but 439 pounds
of the mixture of both corn and mid
dlings. A given weight of the mixture
therefore produced near 20 per ceat
more gain than the same weight of
either alone. Bran is the food par
excellence for sheep and cattle, not
only because It supplies protein and
mineral matter, but also because when
mixed with corn meal it so lightens
the heavy grain ration as to make it
more readily acted upon by the di
gestive juices and more easily moved
forward through the stomachs and in
testines. It acts as a mild laxative and
thus keeps a heavy grain fed animal
in a thrifty condition. Every boy on
the farm knows the value of a hot
bran mash for the 'sick cow or horse.
If these by-products of wheat were
mixed with corn in fair proportion. It
would hardly seem necessary to pur
chase condimental stock foods at high
prices.
Well-Matured Breeding Animals
Needed,'
More and more the stock-breeders of
the United States are becoming con
vinced that they must have only ma
ture animals for breeders if the stam
ina of their flocks and herds is to be
kept up. At the Wisconsin Experi
ment station it was found that one-year-old
rams were not as prolific as
two and three year old rams. With
ewes also it was demonstrated that
the ewes below three years of age
gave a smaller percentage of increase
than the ewes that had reached three
years. We have been trying to in
tensify the quality of early maturity
by breeding from immature parents,
till it has become evident that the
stamina of the breeds is being weak
ened. Now our stations are pointing
out the necessity for using more ma
ture animals, and they are finding the
lesson difficult to teach.
Points on Sugar Beet Growing.
The growers of sugar beets in Neb
raska declare that the sugar beet is a
great drouth resister. This is cer
tainly one point in favor of the sugar
beet whether for sugar making or for
stock feeding. Whether the sugar
beet can be best produced on light or
heavy soil is a question yet in dis
pute. In some experiments the larg
est yields were on the heavy soils,
but the largest average yields were
on the light soils. Or. the whole, the
results were more favorable to the
heavy soils. The use of commercial
fertilizers has resulted in increasing
the sugar contents of beets, but fre
quently not enough to pay the cost of
the fertilizers used. The phosphates
1 made the best showing as to returns.
in me cultivation of s'?ar beets, it
is desirable to preside a dust mulch,
and the depth of cultivation wiii be
generally regulated by the deptu re
quired to keep up a dust mulch, wnich
differs in diffcrer-t sells. In some
cases it cannot be mautafned by any
thing less than a three or four-inch
deep cultivation. The distance apart
of the rows will have much to do
with the sizo of the beets and some
thing to do with sugar content:.
About eighteen inches seems to hn
the ideal distance apart for the rows,
and the beets in the rovs should not
be separated by more than eight
inches. Too much room means too
big beets uith too little proportion
of sugar.
It is rather surprising to learn that
the weeds that are sometimes allowed
to grow in the sugar beet field have
the power of stealing the sugar from
the sugar beets or of at least keep
ing the beets from getting all the
sugar they would otherwise acquire.
A test to prove this was made at the
Nebraska station. Oa four plats of
beets some were left weedy and some
were kept clean. Beets from the four
weedy plats were analyzed and gave
respectively 12.9. 12.0. 9.8. 9.2, per
cent of sugar content From the clean
plats the beets analyzed 13.2, 12.5. 11.0,
10.7. In all cases the difference was
in favor of the plat that was kept
clean. It is true that this was but
one experiment and a great law
should not be laid down on a single
experiment, but it must be consid
ered as hariDg some weight
It is not desired to have beets very
large, nor is it desirable to start a
growth in the fall after the beet is
properly mature. A season of wet
weather in the fall is very likely to
start a new growth of the beet, which
increases in size without increasing
the amount of sugar contained. If
the buds form and expand on the
crown of the beet there is an actual
loss of sugar.
It pays to make first-class butter,
but it is also necessary that the maker
should know how to get first-class
prices for it. The man that takes his
butter to the corner grocery and sells
It at the same price his neighbors are
getting for poor butter has not yet
learned how to get the most out of his
product
Two black oak chairs, said to have
belonged to Mary Queen of Scots, and
to have been rescued when Hawley's
Dragoons set fire to Linlithgow sal
ace. were sold in London recently for
$220 each.
Of Interest to Dairymen.
From Farmers' Review: I gather :
from the mat Ualted States census
reports (190) the following of inter
est to dairy mea: The number of
farms, ia Illinois, 264,151; the number
of farms la Uliaois reporting dairy
cattle, 230.625; the aumber of cowa
reported la Uliaois. 1.007.664; the'
value of their products. $29,638,619. or
about twenty-nine dollars per cow.
The Illinois cows average oaly 454
gallons of milk, or 3.850 pounds, for
each cow per year. I find the Ideal
cow gives 2.754 pounds of milk in
thirty days.
I find Kansas cows average less than,
twenty dollars per cow; also Nebraska'
and South Dakota. ,
Iowa has 1.423.648 cows; products;
$27,516,870; average $19.30 per cow.
Minnesota has 753.632 cows; prod
ucts. $16,623,460; average. $23.00 per
cow.
Vermont has 270.194 cows; products.
$9,321,389; average, $36.00 per cow.
New York has 1.501.608 cows; prod
ucts. $55,474455; average. $37.00 per
cow.
New Hampshire haa 115.036 cows,
products. $5,591,272; average. $55.00
per cow.
I find that in our state the three
principal counties are McHenry. with
2.598 farms, having 52,593 cows, val
ued at $2,243,974. an average of $43
per cow; Cook, with 4.491 farms, on
which are 35.030 cows valued at $1.
585,252. an average of $44 per cow;
and Kane, with 2.163 farms, on which
are 42.744 cows valued at $2,177,289. an
average of $50 per cow. It is gen
erally accepted that it costs $30 and
over to feed a cow a year. In Mr.
Glover's work of testing and keeping
records for one year of over three
hundred cows, he finds the extreme to
be: One cow charged $2.07 to make
100 pound-T of milk, or 52 cents for
one pound of butter fat. The best
cow 29 cents for 100 pounds of milk,
or 6 6-10 cents per pound of butter fat.
and the H. B. Gurler herd averaged
a net profit of twenty-six dollars per
head over and above the cost of feed.
Dairymen! Study these figures, then
weed out the poor unprofitable cows
and take better care of and feed a
more balanced ration to those that pay
a profit Joseph Newman. President
Illinois Dairymen's Association.
Does Silage Cause Abortion?
From the Farmers' Review: I don't
agree with Mr. D. W. Howie oa the
subject of abortion. I don't think
there is any more danger of abortion
with cows fed on ensilage made of
corn fodder than would be were the
cows eating dry corn fodder. Geo.
H. Gurler, De Kalb County. I1L
From Farmers' Review: In answer
ing the question: "Does feedine ensi
lage cause abortion in cows?" fromi
my experience and observation I
should certainly say It does not Thes
dairy herd at the University of Illinois!
has been fed ensilage for the past tea,
years with no bad results. I consider!
a reasonable amount 30 to 40 pounds
of good ensilage one of the best feeds
for dairy cows and know of no better
feed to keep cows in good healthy
condition. Many of our best dalrymenr
feed as much as 40 pounds of ensilage
for seven months In the year and also1
use it when pastures are short during
summer with entire satisfaction. To
obtain uniformly good results the corn
must be cut at the right stage. Just
when commencing to glaze, and it
must be put into a good tight silo in
the proper manner. If these things
are done but a very small amount will
spoil. If sound ensilage is fed in the
proper amount and bad results follow
I should look for their cause in some
thing besides ensilage. W. J. Fraser.
Professor of Dairy Husbandry. Uni
versity of Illinois.
Hauling Milk Over Electric Lines.
We notice that In some parts of
the West the farmers are asking the
electric lines to haul milk to market
It is evident that this is one of the
purposes to be served by the electric
lines ia the future. And why should
they not They pass through the very
best of the land, where the soil is
richest and the population densest.
Such is a good dairy region, for the
farms will be found to be generally
small and help quite easily obtainable.
The only drawback is the necessity for
the farmer to hitch up bis horse to
draw the milk to the electric line.
This labor may be lessened by using
a hand separator and shipping only
the cream. It could then be sent for
ward every day, and no excuse wouM
remain for it arriving at the factory
in a sour condition. Up to the pres
ent time most of the electric lines run
ning through the country have con
tented themselves with carrying pa
sengers. but it would certainly be a
great step in advance to provide facil
ities for the transportation of much
of the products of the farm.
Photographing on Apples.
Thornwell Haynes. United States con
sul at Rouen, France, in a report says:
Apples upon the surface of which are
perfectly reproduced the photographs
of the emperor and empress of Rus
sia and of the president of the French
republic have been shown in France.
Before photography was employed,
images were produced by means of
figures cut from paper and stuck on
the surface. When the paper was re
moved, the image appeared light and
the fruit dark or vice versa, accord
ing to the manner in which the paper
was cut and applied. At present,
however, photographs are reproduced
with all their details. Strong nega
tive electrotypes are employed having
great resistance and reproduced on
ihoir films- The films are obtained
by photographing the subject many
times. The film is held in place by
two rubber rings or is stuck by some
matter that will not obstruct the rays
of light, such as albumen or the white
of an egg.
Set Strawberries Early.
People that are intending to set out
new strawberry beds this spring
should not. neglect to send at once for
their plants with instructions thai
they be forwarded as soon as the tim
approaches for putting them into the
ground. Every year a great many peo
ple neglect till very late the ordering
of their strawberry plants. We have
seen plants arrive with not only the
blossoms on them, but with small
green strawberries among. the foliage.
The plant had already expended much
energy in the development of root
which energy was lost when the plan!
was removed from its native bed.
Germany's Heaviest- Man. .
An inkeeper of Wllhelmberg whe
turns the scale at 502 pounds is the
heaviest' man in Germany.
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